Several methods of trip distribution analysis: 1. Fratar method 2. Intervening opportunity model 3.

Gravity model

Fratar used simple method to distribute trips in a study area. He made the following assumptions:
1.

The distribution of future trips from a given origin zone is proportional to the present trip distribution.

2. This future distribution is modified by the growth

factor of the zone to which trips are attached

Gravity Model
the gravity model derives its base from Newtons law of gravity, which states that the attractive force between any two bodies is directly related to their masses and inversely related to the distance between them. Similarly, in the gravity model, the number of trips between two zone is directly related to activities in the two zones, and inversely related to the separation between the zones as a function of the travel time.

Calibrating a Gravity Model

Three items are used as input to the gravity model for calibration: 1. Production-attraction trip table for each purpose 2. Travel times for all zone pairs, including intrazonal times 3. Initial friction factors for each increment of travel time

Mode Usage
Three broad categories of factors are considered in mode usage: 1. The characteristics of the trip maker 2. The characteristics of the trip 3. The characteristics of the transportation system

Direct-Generation Usage Modes

the trips generated by mode are distributed to their destinations and are assigned to highway and transit networks. This approach is generally appropriate to smaller to smaller urban areas without major transit service. The way to develop directgeneration models is to use trip-generation models that generate total trips, similar to what was explained under category analysis, and develop crossclassification tables for the areas that are served by transit.

Trip-Interchange mode Usage Models

trip interchange mode usage models are used after the trip distribution phase. Income, auto availability, and trip purpose are widely used in these models; hence the analyst has a strong measure of characteristics of the transportation system. The tripinterchange mode usage model is appropriate for any size urban area with any level of transit usage.