TRANSPORTATION PLANNING

AND ENGINEERING
TE-501
Trip Distribution Analysis
Lecture # 5

PROF. DR. ENGR. TAHIR SULTAN

Department of Civil Engineering, University College of
Engineering & Technology, BZU Multan
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Four Step Travel Demand Model
1. TRIP GENERATION
How many trips will be generated by a given location
and when will these trips occur?
2. TRIP DISTRIBUTION
What are the origins and destinations of these trips?
3. MODE CHOICE
Which mode of transportation will be used to make the
trip?
4. TRAFFIC ASSIGNMENT
Which route on the transportation network will be used
when making the trip?
 Trip Distribution

Trip Distribution procedures determine where

the trips produced in each zone will go and how
they will be divided among all other zones in
study area.
 Trip Distribution
 After Trip Generation it is necessary to know that

• From where attraction come to a particular zone?

• Where do the production go?
• What are the zone to zone travel volumes?
 Trip Distribution
 Two common T/D methods:

• Fratar Model
• Gravity model
 Trip Distribution

 Fratar used the simple method of Trip Distribution

and he has made the following assumptions:

• The distribution of future trips from a given origin

zone is proportional to the present trip distribution

• The future trip distribution is modified by the growth

factor of the zone to which these trips are attracted
 Trip Distribution
 Fratar used the following formula:
 Example: Fratar Method

An origin zone i with 20 base year trips going to j,k and l

numbering 4, 6 and 10 respectively has growth rates of
2,3,4 and 5 respectively, in 25 years. Determine the
future trips from i to j,k and l in future year.
Example: Fratar Method
 Fratar Method (Other Way)

• Tij = future trips estimated from zone i to zone j

• ti = present trip generation in zone i
• Gi = growth factor of zone i
• tij = present trips between zone i and zone j
• Gj = growth factor of zone j
 Fratar Method (Other Way)
Given:
A study area consists of 4 zones (A, B, C and D)
Present Trip Generation and Growth Factor
 Fratar Method (Other Way)
Present trips between zones
 Fratar Method (Other Way)

Determine the number of trips between each zone for

the future conditions.

Solution: Using Fratar Formula 2 calculate the number

of trips between zone A, B, C and D
Fratar Method (Other Way)
 Fratar Method (Other Way)
Two values are obtained for each zonal pair, take
average of two values:

TAB = (446+441)/2 =428

Similar Calculations gives the following values:
TAC= 141
TAD= 124
TBC= 372
TCD= 430
 Fratar Method (Other Way)
Note: Estimated values did not converge to actual
values

For Purpose: new growth factors should be calculated

and additional iterations should be conducted to
bring almost 5 percent convergence to final values
Fratar Method (Other Way)
 Gravity Model
• Gravity Model conceptually based on Newton's Law
of Gravitation:
• It states that:

Force of attraction or force of repulsion between two

bodies is directly proportional to the product of their
masses and inversely proportional to the square of
distance between them. Mathematically,
Gravity Model
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 LAB WORK
Perform Origin Destination Survey and Develop an OD
Diagram on Arc GIS Software

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 Traffic count at 4 Intersection

Select Trip Generators and Perform OD Survey for an hour

which includes following information.
1. Origin
2. Destination
3. Mode Selected
4. Approximate Distance
5. Approximate Time

Use the collected data to draw OD diagram/chart on Arc

GIS
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 Any
Questions

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