University of Batangas

College of Engineering

Trip Generation
 Trip Generation
Introduction
• Travel demand is expressed as the number of persons or vehicles per unit time
that can be expected to travel on a given segment of transportation network
• Forecasts of travel demand are used to establish the vehicular volume on future
or modified transportation system alternatives
• The methods used in forecasting demand will depend on the availability of data
and on specific constraints on the project, such as availability of funds and project
schedules
 Trip Generation
Demand Forecasting Approaches
• There are two basic demand forecasting situations in transportation planning:
(a)travel demand studies for urban areas and (b)inter-city travel demand
• For (a), database is prepared by using home interview and/or roadside interview surveys
• For (a), information gathered provided the characteristics of the trip maker, such
as age, sex, income, auto ownership, and so forth; the land use at each end of the
trip; and the mode of travel.
• For (a), the data can be used to formulate relationship between variables and to
calibrate models
 Trip Generation
Demand Forecasting Approaches
• There are two basic demand forecasting situations in transportation planning:
(a)travel demand studies for urban areas and (b)inter-city travel demand
• For (b), it is aggregated to a greater extent than for urban travel forecasting
• For (b), city population, average city income, and travel time or travel cost
between city pairs are used
 Trip Generation
Factors Influencing Travel Demand
• The location and intensity of land use; accounts to the amount of traffic
generated by a parcel of land depends on how the land is used
• The socioeconomic characteristics of people living in the area; lifestyles and
values affect how people decide to use their resources for transportation
• The extent, cost and quality of available transportation; refers to supply, users are
sensitive to the level of service provided by transportation mode: travel time,
cost, convenience, comfort, and safety
 Trip Generation
Sequential Steps for Travel Forecasting
• Four step process: Trip Generation, Trip Distribution,
Mode Choice, and Trip Assignment
• Trip Distribution, Mode Choice, and Trip assignment is
an iterative process
• Simultaneous model structures have also been used in
practice, particularly to forecast intercity travel.
 Trip Generation
Trip Generation
• Trip generation is the process of determining the number of trips that will
begin or end in each traffic analysis zone within a study area
• Aims to predict the total number of trips generated by (Oi) and attracted to
(Dj)
• Each trip has two ends, and these are described in terms of trip purpose:
produced by traffic zone or attracted to a traffic zone
• Measures of urban activity are converted to number of trips
• Quantify the relationship between urban activity and travel
 Trip Generation
Objectives of Trip Generation
• Trip Generation analysis has two functions
• To develop a relationship between trip end production or attraction and land
use
• To use the relationship to estimate the number of trips generated at some
future date
 Trip Generation
Definition of Terms
• Trip or journey – one-way movement from a point of origin to a point of
destination
• Home-based work (HBW) trip – a trip for which the purpose is to go from
home to work or from work to home
• Home-based other (HBO) trip – a trip for which the purpose is to go from
home to another location other than work (e.g. shopping school, theater) or
from non-work locations to home
• Non-Home based (NHB) trip – a trip for which neither trip end is at home
 Trip Generation
Definition of Terms
• Trip Attraction – the non-home end of a home based trip or the destination of
NHB trip
• Trip Production – the home end of an home based trip or as the origin of an
NHB trip
 Trip Generation
Three ways to estimate the number of trips
• Growth Factor Modeling
• Category analysis
• Regression Model
 Trip Generation
Growth Factor Modelling
• A technique which can be applied to predict future number of journeys

Where:
Where: – Design
C – Current
- future trips in zone I P – Population
- growth factor I – Income
C – Car Ownership
- current trips in zone I
 Trip Generation
Growth Factor Modelling Example
Consider a zone with 250 households with car and 250 households without car.
Assuming we know the average trip generation of each group:
Car-owning household produce: 6trips/day
Non-car-owning household produce: 2.5trips/day

Also assume that in the future, all household will have a car; therefore,
assuming that income and population remain constant. Estimate the number of
trips in the zone
 Trip Generation
Growth Factor Modelling Example
 Trip Generation
Category Analysis (Cross-classification)
• Technique developed by Federal Highway Administration to determine the
number of trips that begin or end at the home.
• Home based trip can represent a significant proportion of all trips
• Accounts the relationship of socioeconomic measures and trip production
• Most commonly used are income and auto ownership
 Trip Generation
Category Analysis (Cross-
classification) Example
Survey data showing Trips per
Household, Income, and Auto
ownership. Develop a matrices
connecting income to auto
ownership. How many trips will
a household with 10000 income
and one auto generate?
 Trip Generation
Regression Model
• Easy and relatively inexpensive
• Correlation among independent variables may create estimate problems
• The assumptions of linearity and additive impacts on trip generation may be
wrong
• Trip generation is never “negative” in reality no matter what value the
independent variable has
 Trip Generation
Regression Model
 Trip Generation
Regression Model Example
A small study area represented by six traffic zones has the following
characteristics:

Set-up linear regression equation that illustrate the data, calculate R-squared
 University of Batangas
College of Engineering

Trip Generation