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With international society entering the 21st century, we need to address prompt resolutions for deep global issues. We are attempting to resolve various issues by pushing sustainable development forward, but in order to do so we need to consider how development became unsustainable. More specifically, the major premise for measures going forward must discover the cause for the rise of over-development and mal-development and formulate appropriate countermeasures. Through multi-stakeholder dialogue for RIO+20, EathSummit2012 Japan makes following proposals, distilled from Japan based on our cultural background of harmonious coexistence with nature.
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1.1. Rule-making for use of natural capital; User-recovers principle (URP) 1.2. An indicator for use of natural capital1; Ecological Debt 1.3. Designing Eco-Wealth 1.4. Green Info Structure
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2.1.Comments on UNEP proposal for "Green Economy" 2.2. Green economy for Aich-Target 2.3. Post GDP" indicator 2.4. Launch of study for new pattern of economic development for Post MDGs era.
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Natural Capital: The goods and services from nature which are essential for human life.
URP looks very similar to "Polluter-pays principle (PPP)" that was established in many countries in the 1970s. But PPP is a principle that addresses the pollution type of environmental issues. Thus the problems it is designed to solve are static by nature, so that it does not capture the dynamic nature of renewable natual capital. 3 The conduct code that URP requires are basically similar to one of three criteria for ecological sustainability suggested by Herman Daly; the rate of harvest of renewable resources should not exceed the rate of their regeneration. 4 Practically, especially in the case that the beneficiaries of natual capital are not only the farmer but spread over the society, the public entities like local authorities can charge the woodman and compensate on behalf.
International rules of natural capital compensation are not yet clear. Biodiversity offsets mechanism and ecological footprints are one of the famous methods to treat them but their scopes are limited. In particular, it is considered extremely important to reflect the economic value of ecosystem services, such as green accounting, in the national accounting system to recognize the negative impact of development on the natural environment. Ecological debt is one of effective ways to communicate and compare the depreciation of natural capital. Concerning natural capital in particular, it is important to introduce the idea of the speed of regeneration and incorporate it into the method of evaluating natural capital, in addition to its stocks and resource productivity. Ecological deficit is the difference of the depreciation of capital and capital restoration. Ecological Debt is stock concept of ecological deficit which is measured by waiting time for recovery. Economic Externalities can evaluate not only money but also time measurement. Many of the natural capital are difficult to assume its willing to pay. Such a case, it is easier to measure waiting time to recovery from depreciation of capital. URP rule require natural capital users to eliminate their ecological debt. But if users cant recovery by one selves all ecological debt, user have to swap their debt to others debt. Swapping their debt to others debt which have expertise, user can clean up them easier. And total social cost to eliminate all debt will decrease.
Consumers and merchants will be the main user of information of ecological debt for stopping degradation of natural capital. To enable consumer and merchants to be socially responsible, it is essential to establish international standards on how we display the degrees of sustainability of natural capital that is utilized for the production of goods and services in everyday life. Thus we propose a concept of ecological debt, which is to display the amount of natural capital utilized for manufacturing products and the "waiting time" needed until the capital has become ready to use again. In other words, ecological debt shows us how much forest or soils this product use in its production process and how long we have to wait until the forest or soil regenerate itself. We can calculate "ecological debt" using the accumulated knowledge and information of LCA and integrating them from the viewpoint of recovery time.
(4) Visualization of the degree of sustainability of natural capital utilization (visualize the degree of sustainability of natural capital utilization by quantitatively showing the amount of natural capital required for the manufacture of goods and services consumers make use of in their everyday life and the waiting time for their recycling).
82.1% people feel there is not enough information to choose to choose products and service which contribute to biodiversity Conservation / restoration. What kind of information is needed to choose? 70.7% Component Damage for the ecosystem (ex. chemical) 69.6% Country and location of origin Supply chain information. 60.1% Auditor, Certificate Information 55.4% Supply chain Footprints type and amount of biodiversity 50.0% Conservation goals and prospects of success
Improve natural capital resilience and adapt the speed of natural capital. Biodiversity and natural capital that support economic activities are significantly deteriorating at present. We need an economic mechanism that reflects the cost of the deterioration of natural capital and risks to people, including future generations; and It is desirable to promote the utilization of sustainable ecosystem services based on the Aichi Target and Nagoya Protocol adopted at the tenth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biodiversity (CBD-COP10) held in 2010. Implement appropriate policies effectively, make policy linkages based on biodiversity, promote meaning and value of biodiversity and the UN Decade on Biodiversity, as well as take precautionary approaches to decision making. Following are necessary efforts and procedures for promoting green economy: 1. Secure funding for biodiversity and sustainable development. The greening of finance and agriculture, forestry and fisheries is also an important issue. Increase number of green jobs that contribute to the environment and biodiversity in conjunction with the shift of industrial structure (just transition). For example, Rice paddies play key role for resilience of Natural Capital in Asia. (CBD and Ramsar Convention recognized that paddies fields are important wetland for biodiversity.) Especially, Winter-flooded Rice Paddies (Fuyumizu-tambo) are one of best practice of investment for biodiversity and food productivity. 2. Establish new Consumption styles that does not break down the balance of natural capital; Provide information that encourages each individual to make purchase decisions on the basis of information on the environment, etc.; Efforts should be promoted while monitoring progress with appropriate indicators. 3. It is necessary to position the perspective of Communication, Education and Public Awareness (CEPA) as basis of efforts toward green economy for synergy effect between CEPA activities to achieve the Aichi Target under the Convention on Biodiversity and promote the U.N. Decade on Biodiversity and each countrys obligations concerning the public awareness, education and training concerning the Framework Convention on Climate Change and the U.N. Convention to Combat Desertification. 4. Share good practices from around the world in terms of biodiversity and conserving and recovering ecosystems, using biological resources in a sustainable manner, fair and equal distribution of benefits resulting from the use of genetic resources, providing appropriate monetary resources and encouraging capacity building. For example, eco-tourism to encourage both local understanding of bio-diversity and local revitalization is a good example that includes CEPA perspective. The Japan Genki Awards show good examples of community-based initiatives in eco-tourism, and other model cases in creating sustainable society.
(Photo: NPO Kamiechigo-Yamazato-Fun Club Japan Genki Awards2010; School of farming for urban family.)
Example: The Tohoku Green Renaissance Project Japan would like to provide as reference to the discussions on sustainable development in Rio +20 the example of The Tohoku Green Renaissance Project6 in which the sustainable use of natural capital has been used as part of the earthquake reconstruction effort that is seeking to quickly restore the core industries of the disaster-affected areas, including agriculture, forestry and fisheries, while balancing biodiversity conservation with development, based on the traditions and culture of these local areas. The spirit of transnational and trans-regional Kyoujyo (mutual assistance) illustrated in the wake of the earthquake and tsunami represents the exact stance required to build a sustainable society. http://gema.biology.tohoku.ac.jp/green_reconst/TOP.html
The Tohoku Green Renaissance Project: Reconstruction that supports the resilience of the ecosystem linked to the strength and affluence of the local community and where nature and society are in harmony. Tohoku University is advocating this term together with NGOs and industry associations.
establish the operational indicators to measure. As a prerequisite for green economy, it is necessary to consider natural capital in terms of economy. Fundamentally, further consideration among the international community will be encouraged, aggregating the green economy indicators being examined by Satellite System for Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting (SEEA), OECD and UNEP. As part of such framework for sustainability indicators, we propose to introduce the concept of regeneration speed and incorporate it as part of the evaluation method of natural capital of the indicators discussed here, in addition to the amount of natural capital stock and resource productivity. Tools to promote the greening of the economy are broadly divided into regulations and incentives, management tools and voluntary efforts, and the following tools are considered effective: Develop indicators to measure quality of life that substitute conventional GDP growth indicators. Sustainability indicators should include natural capital stock, resource productivity and reproduction speed. Incorporate environmentally sound production technologies, products and services into the social system through implementation of indicator in forms of eco point and top-runner programs.
2.4. Launch of study for new pattern of economic development for Post MDGs era.
International community should agree to create a team for assessment of development patterns, involving researcher from various fields and stakeholders. These study results will be published in 2013, which can be used as basis for the consideration of the framework for the post MDGs. This team should examine; 1. Options of development pattern, 2. Assessment of MDGs and measures beyond 2015, 3. Projection costs difference among timing of start , 4. A new chance bringing innovation and economic opportunity. Etc.
We are interested in economic developments with personal network developments Following are utilities to design bottom up pattern of economic development.
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Focus
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role
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individuals:
The role of individuals is important. Every organization in the world is formed by individuals and often an individual belongs to multiple major groups. Individuals are required to have awareness as a consumer in compliance with purchasing for a sustainable green economy, choice of time, and choice of policies. Although individuals have certain roles at work, in private and in community, the key to all the changes is the individuals action based on firm awareness that they as an individual have the final responsibility. Key players of sustainable society are individuals. Every decision will be made by each of you. Each of us must learn more about sustainability and execute responsibility for our common future. A. If the significance of a green economy becomes clear to individuals, it will lead to actions. With the awareness that the final responsibility of sustainable development lies in individuals, it is important to link this to a life style change. B. Through more intensified interaction among peoples and societies at grassroots level, people will have more open access to acquiring scientific knowledge and experiences that are not necessarily available in their localities. By being able to access these wealth of human capital, personal life quality and capacity will be enhanced. In return, people can output socially innovative ideas to bring changes to society, and provide services and create new wealth to re-invest in enriching life of others. C. The international community must encourage an enabling environment and new systems to support entrepreneurship and innovations that are setting the models of conservation and sustainable use of natural capital in pursuit of a healthy and fulfill lifetime. We propose the following: i. Empowerment, put spotlight on individuals initiatives ii.Encourage creation of communities to encourage such individual capacity building and innovations iii. Information sharing and capacity-building systems which lead to individual empowerment iv. Social media to enhance participative democracy v. Risk management of green business, investment in capacity building in such management
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Website: http://earthsummit2012.jp email: contact@earthsummit2012.jp United Nation University bldg. 1F, GEOC, 5-53-70 Jingumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-0001, Japan
Message
On March 11, M9.0 earthquake hit the eastern part of Japan. More than 15 thousand people died and 8 thousand are still missing. Cities and towns were totally destroyed by 40 meter Tsunami, or even disappeared as if nothing had been there. But we were not devastated only by a natural disaster but also by what we had created for ourselves. Four nuclear reactors in Fukushima, which had long been supplying large amount of electricity to the Tokyo economic area, had brought about serious meltdown and hydrogen explosion. They have emitted more than 77 tera Bq of radioactive particles into the air, soil, and ocean, which will undermine our children and grand children physically and mentally for decades. Through the ruin of our towns and contaminated rubbles we see the end of a paradigm which Japan, and the global economy, had long been standing upon. We built a society on a thin ice of extremely complex social system, sacrificing profound relationship with Mother Earth and sacrificing our own culture and spirits. As a result, in our wealthy society more than 30 thousand people kill themselves every year since 1990s. A recovery we started is entirely different from the one we experienced after the World War. We have to rebuild ourselves as a true sustainable society and show alternative solutions. We believe it is a responsibility of the world largest economies that had long been exploiting the earth and the people, and as a responsibility of the only country that experienced two atomic bombs and the worst nuclear accident in the human history. Earth Summit 2012 Japan is, on behalf of the Japanese citizens, willing to involve ourselves strongly in the process for Rio+20, and to make valuable contributions to its ambitious project of creating a new paradigm. Especially, we hope what we learn and start from our ground zero will contribute to the long journey of human kind toward a sustainable future where 7 billion people live together in peace and harmony. Masahiro Sato
President, EarthSummit2012 Japan
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