Tc J c4 J= 2 J = 4ci4) (c 2 o P=T f )T =2 ( (T ( x ) dx) TL = = JG ( J ( x)G) = max

Mohr Circle

( ) 2 x y = ( + ) max xy 2 (+ ) x y = avg 2 ( ) 2 x y R= ( + ) xy 2 ( ) 2 = 1= 1 max 2 2

Statically indeterminate

TL = =0 JG T = avg 2tAm

Normal Stress

N My + A I

Flexure Formula

Mc I My = I = max tan ( )=

Orientation of Neutral Axis

Ix tan( ) Iy

Shear Formula

= q=

VQ It

Shear Flow

VQ I

Thin-Walled Pressure Vessels Hoop Stress

= 1 = 2

pr t

Longitudinal Stress

pr 2t

Plane-Stress Transformation

(+ ) ( ) x y y + x cos2 sin2 + xy 2 2 (+ ) () y y y ' )= x x cos2 xy sin2 ( 2 2 ( ) x y y ' )= sin2 cos2 + xy ( x' 2 x') = ( tan2 = p xy [( )/2 ] x y

Max In-Plane principal stress

() 2 x y = + y ( + ) (1,2) x xy 2 2
Max In-Plane Shear Stress

tan2= s

[( )/ 2 ] x y xy