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A Case Study of E-Journal (Full-Text) Download Patterns of NAL Scientists and Engineers
*R Guruprasad, +Khaiser Nikam #M Gopinath Rao *Vidyadhar Mudkavi *National Aerospace Laboratories, Bangalore +Dept. of Studies, Library and Information Science, University of Mysore #College of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore
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Paper Presentation at the 7th International Convention on Automation of Libraries in Education and Research, Theme: E-Content Management: Challenges and Strategies, Pondicherry University: 25-27, February 2009.
1455 AD
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l Jon Man on his book on Gutenberg aptly coined the titled How one man remade the world with words l According to Mark Twain, Gutenbergs invention incomparably the greatest event in the history of the World l What took months by hand in 1450 to copy a book shot up to 500 copies to be produced in a Week
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Specific Contributions to Printing: u Invention of a process for a mass producing moving type u The use of oil based ink in the printing process u Use of a Wooden Printing Press
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A Brief History of Scholarly Electronic Communication And The Evolution of The Scholarly Scientific Journals Late 17th Century
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l Many could not attend these meetings, so the Proceedings (usually a record of the last meeting) became a place to publish papers l These eventually evolved into scholarly journals
l First peer-reviewed journals: (a) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, (b) Le Journal Des Scavans (both published in 1665) Google always comes to your rescue Slide No:8
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"The Internet is not a thing, a place, a single technology, or a mode of governance. It is an agreement. John Gage, Director of Science, Sun Microsystems, Inc.
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Its (the Internet) the most fundamental shift since Gutenberg. The Internet is basically a Space and Time destroyer. It shrinks distance and time to zero. Its as if all the worlds scientists were in one room, available at one computer. Needless to say this is having a profound impact on the way science is done Astrophysicist, Larry Starr, (Hallmark, 1995).
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l Having other persons tell them about the articles amounts to 11% l Using citations found in other articles, books etc.. Adds up to 9% l Current awareness services, printed indexes, and so on fills the remaining 6% l The same study indicates during 1993 to 1998, scientists surveyed average about 120 readings of scholarly articles per year.
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What are Transaction Log Analysis or Web Log Analysis (TLA/WLA Vs. DLA)
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Nicholas (2003, 2005) conducted a series of studies on Emerald and Blackwell electronic journals to study in depth the information seeking behaviour of the users.
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Findings From Full-Text Downloads of E-Journals of NAL Scientists and Engineers, Period: (2005 2007)
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1600
1400
1200
Number of Journals
1000
Publisher Name
800
800
600
600
400
374
355
200
126
74
69
41 ACS
37 RSC
30 ASCE
20 ASME
16 AIP
Elsevier
Springer
T&F
W iley
Blackwell Emerald
CUP
OXP
Publisher Name
l l l l Slide No:31
The maximum number of e-journals for the conglomerate is from Elsevier, followed by Springer and T & F. Wiley and Blackwell e-journals are also available in good number. Journals from ASME and AIP are the lowest. There are 13 publishers whose e-journals are available for e-access for the conglomerate.
Publisher Names
35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
32
22
22
14
14
13
11
S td s.
at ur e
S td s.
el
E A S C
E ls ev ie
S pr in
TM
In d
Names of Publisher
l l l l l Slide No:32
There are 42 CSIR labs which have access to 8 e-publishers from this conglomerate 40 CSIR labs have e-access to T & F and 35 labs have e-access to Indian Standards 33 CSIR labs have e-access to ASTM Standards and 32 labs e-access to Blackwell 22 CSIR labs have e-access to Emerald and CUP Only 11 CSIR labs have e-access to ASME
A S
B la
E m
ia
A S M E
S C
ge
W i le
O U
IE E
A C
kc w
A IP
al
A C
&
er
Findings from Full-Text Download Statistics of NAL Scientists and Engineers Data Source: www.icast.org.in
Figure -3: NAL Scientists access to additional E-Journals through NAL-ICAST Gateway
NAL Scientists Access to additional E-Journals through NAL-ICAST Gateway
1839 1600
Names of Publishers
No. of E-Journals
1312
865 700
125 4
69
38
30
20
33
16
r Em er al d B la ck w el l
A IA A
Sc .
A O
A C S
A SC E
R SC
C U P
A IP
ge
U P
ie
W ile
SA G
A SM
ev
&
Sp rin
or ld
Publisher's Name
l l l l
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NAL scientists have e-access to 1839 e-journals from Elsevier and 1600 e-journals from DOAJ and 1312 e-journals from Springer A moderate number of e-journals for e-access belong to Blackwell, Taylor and Francis and Wiley NAL scientists have open access to 700 e-journals through ICAST Gateway The minimum of e-journals for which e-access is available is for publishers AIAA and World Science.
IC A ST
El s
D O
Table 1, 2, 3: Highlights the full-text usage statistics of E-Journals by NAL Scientists for the Years 2005, 2006, 2007.
1 ACS 2 AIP 3 ASME 4 CUP 5 Elsevier 6 RSC 7 Springer 8 Wiley Total: 24016 (Month Wise All Publishers)
ACS=American Chemical Society, AIP=American Institute of Physics, ASME= American Society of Mechanical Engineers, CUP=Cambridge University Press, RSC=Royal Society of Chemistry
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Inferred by Authors
ACS
4% 0% 7 % 1 %4 % 4% 1%
79%
W ile y
l l l l
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79% of full-text downloads for the Year 2005 are from journals published by Elsevier Only 7% of full-text downloads for the same year are from journals published by Wiley 4% each of full-text downloads are from publishers Springer, AIP and ASME Only 1% each of full-text downloads are from publishers ACS and CUP
Table 1, 2, 3: Highlights the full-text usage statistics of E-Journals by NAL Scientists for the Years 2005, 2006, 2007.
1 AIP 2 ACS 3 ASME 4 CUP 5 Elsevier 6 OUP 7 RSC 8 Springer 8 T&F 9 Wiley Total: 35583 (Month Wise All Publishers)
ACS=American Chemical Society, AIP=American Institute of Physics, ASME= American Society of Mechanical Engineers, CUP=Cambridge University Press, RSC=Royal Society of Chemistry, T & F= Taylor and Francis, OUP=Oxford University Press
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Inferred by Authors
A IP ASME
ACS CUP
79%
l l l l l
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79% of full-text downloads for the Year 2006 are from journals published by Elsevier 5% each of full-text downloads are from publishers Springer, Wiley and AIP 3% of full-text downloads are from publisher ASME 2% of full-text downloads are from publisher Taylor and Francis The least percentage of full-text downloads are from the publisher CUP
1 AIP 2 ACS 3 ASME 4 CUP 5 T&F 6 Elsevier 7 RSC 8 Springer 9 Wiley 10 ASCE Total: 63020 (Month Wise All Publishers)
ACS=American Chemical Society, AIP=American Institute of Physics, ASME= American Society of Mechanical Engineers, CUP=Cambridge University Press, RSC=Royal Society of Chemistry, T & F= Taylor and Francis, ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineers. Download statistics of ACS, AIP, ASME, CUP have not been tabulated for 2007 because of non-availability of data
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Inferred by Authors
RSC Wiley
84%
l 84% of full-text downloads for the Year 2007 are from journals published by Elsevier l 8% of full-text downloads are from the publisher Wiley l 7% of full-text downloads are from publisher Springer l Minimum percentage of full-text downloads are from the publisher RSC l Download statistics for the following publishers, namely, ACS, AIP, ASME and CUP for the Year 2007 is not available.
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Name of the Publisher ACS AIP ASM E CUP Elsevier RSC Springer W iley ASCE OUP Taylor and Francis
2006 128 1620 1197 214 27791 92 1845 1956 149 591
l Chi-Square test was applied to test whether there is independence between the years and the publishers l The calculated value of Chi-Square was found to be 510.6, which is highly significant. l Hence we conclude that for the full-text downloads data the years and the publishers are not independent l This Chi-Square test was carried out for only those publishers (4 in number) for which the data was available for all the three years (2005-2007).
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Sl.No. Name of the M onth 1. January 2. February 3. M arch 4. April 5. M ay 6. June 7. July 8. August 9. September 10. October 11. November 12. December Grand Total:
2005 1561 1339 2752 1449 2218 2387 1497 1631 2165 1420 1987 2661 24016
2006 3625 3941 2248 2630 3371 2310 2260 1956 2549 2773 3258 3675 35583
2007 4729 4128 6529 6013 5608 5249 5322 4928 4895 5586 4438 3980 63020
From this table it is observed that the mean number (per-month) of full-text downloads for the above three years was found to be different through Kruskal test of One Way Analysis of Variance at 1% level of significance.
l
Wallis
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Inferred by Authors
2005
2006
2007
3980 3675
1000 0
2005 2006 2007
Months
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l In 2005, full-text usage varied between 1561 in the month of January to 2661 in the month of December with a peak of 2752 in the month of March, 2005. l In 2006, the number of full-text usage varied little with 3625 in the month of January to 3675 in the month of December with a peak of 3941 in the month of February, 2006. l In 2007, the full-text download increased with 4729 in the month of January to a maximum of 6529 in the month of March and 6543 in the month of August and declined to a value of 3980 in the month of December 2007.
Access to NISCAIR full-text download statistics is IP based, hence no one else apart from CSIR scientists have access to this data. To that extent the data is unfiltered, pure, non-intrusive. l
l The Chi-Square test was carried out for only those publishers (4 in number) for which the data was available for all the three years (2005-2007).
Benefits..
l This paper would greatly facilitate my final Ph.D. thesis work as Web Log Techniques are one of the reliable methodologies or tools available to study the on-line journals usage patterns and the users Information Seeking Behaviour Patterns. Very little Indian Studies have been carried out and documented in this area.
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Concluding Remarks
l The coming of age of the electronic journals has altered the way scholarly information is disseminated throughout the world [22], but also the way in which information is acquired and how scientific researchers seek that needed information. l Today, most Scientists have access to full-text e-journals for their And, in most cases, this facility is provided right at their desktops. access.
l We discuss in this paper two popular methodologies that has emerged to study online journal usage and scholarly information seeking behaviour [5], namely: (a) WLA/TLA and (b) Deep Log Analysis. In this paper, we present the analysis of data (2005-2007) of full-text e-journal downloads of NAL Scientists and Engineers. Data Analyzed from NISCAIR, CSIR Server.
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Concluding Remarks
l The major findings that we would like to highlight in this paper are:
u The mean number (per-month) of full-text downloads for the above three years was found to be different through Kruskal Wallis test of One Way Analysis of Variance at 1% level of significance and u Chi-Square test was applied on this data to test whether there is independence between the years and the publishers. The calculated value of Chi-Square was found to be 510.6, which is highly significant. Hence we conclude that for the full-text downloads data, the years and the publishers are not independent. Chi-Square test was carried out with only with 4 publishers for which the full-text data was available for all the three years (2005, 2006, 2007).
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References
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Acknowledgements
Dr A R Upadhya, Director, NAL for all the kind encouragement to approval for presenting this paper. u Dr Ranjan Moodithaya, Head, KTMD for kind support and according necessary approvals. u Dr M N Satyanarayana, Jt. Head, KTMD for kind support and according necessary approvals. u Mr Prakash Chand, Scientist-in-charge NISCAIR / CSIR e-journal conglomerate and his colleagues for allowing access to e-journal full-text download data. u Mr Prem Chand, Sc. D (Lib.Sc.) INFLIBNET and his editorial team for stringent review of our paper and final acceptance. u Dr R Samyuktha, Organizing Secretary and her able team for all the excellent arrangements and audio-visual logistics support. u Dr Khaiser Nikam, Chairperson, DOS, LIS and Ph.D. Guide for permitting me to write this paper and providing me an excellent opportunity to present the same amidst such a distinguished gathering.
u
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Acknowledgements
Prof. V G Talwar, Vice Chancellor, Mysore University for providing excellent research facilities for all Doctoral students. u Prof. Shalini R Urs, Professor and Executive Director, ISIM u Dr Mallinath Kumbar, Reader u Dr M Chandrashekara, Reader u Dr Y Venkatesha, Reader and u Dr N S Harinarayana, Reader (DOS, LIS, Univ. Mysore) for their overwhelming support in all my literary interactions with them at the University of Mysore.
u
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Dr M Gopinath Rao, Professor of Statistics, College of Agriculture, GKVK, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore. Email: mgrao2000@rediffmail.com
Dr Vidyadhar Y Mudkavi, Head, Computational and Theoretical Fluid Dynamics Division (CTFD), National Aerospace Laboratories, Bangalore 560 017, Email: vm@ctfd.cmmacs.ernet.in
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