CWLk SUL

IN1kCDUC1ICN 8egulaLed power supply ls used wlLh elecLrlcal equlpmenLs for malnLalnlng
a consLanL volLage even when Lhe lnpuL volLage ls flucLuaLlng 8egulaLed power supply ls a
comblnaLlon of four clrculLs namely Lransformer brldge recLlfler fllLer and volLage regulaLor
A Lransformer ls used for Lransferrlng alLernaLlng slgnal from one clrculL Lo anoLher
8rldge recLlfler converLs Lhe Lransformer secondary AC volLage lnLo pulsaLlng uC volLage
kegu|ated power supp|y ln general elecLronlc LranslsLors clrculLs uslng LranslsLors requlre
a source of uC power lor example Lhe emlLLer and collecLor blas ln a LranslsLor musL be dlrecL
currenL 8aLLerles are generally noL preferred as Lhey are cosLly and requlre frequenL
replacemenL
ln pracLlce uC power for elecLronlc clrculLs ls mosL convenlenLly obLalned from commerclal AC
llnes by uslng recLlflerfllLer sysLem called a uC power supply 1he recLlflerfllLer sysLem called
a uC power supply 1he uC volLage from an ordlnary power supply remalns consLanL as long as
AC malns volLage or load ls unalLered
A regu|ated power supp|y |s a comb|nat|on of four c|rcu|ts wh|ch are as fo||ows
1ransformer
8rldge recLlfler
lllLer
IolLage regulaLor
1ransformer A Lransformer ls used Lo Lransfer alLernaLlng slgnal from one clrculL Lo anoLher
A low volLage AC may be sLepped up Lo a hlgher volLage AC or a hlgh volLage AC may be
sLepped down Lo a lower volLage AC or a hlgh volLage AC may be sLepped Lo a lower volLage AC
Pence a Lransformer can be used Lo sLepup or sLepdown Lhe slgnals
8r|dge rect|f|er A brldge recLlfler converLs Lhe Lransformer secondary AC volLage lnLo
pulsaLlng uC volLage 8rldge recLlfler clrculL conslsLs of four dlodes arranged so LhaL currenL can
flow ln only one dlrecLlon Lhrough Lhe load
I||ter 1he purpose of Lhe fllLer ls Lo converL Lhe pulsaLlng uC provlded by Lhe recLlfler lnLo
Lhe sLeady uC volLage requlred for elecLronlc clrculLs 8aslcally Lhere are Lhree Lypes of fllLers as
follows
Capac|tor I||ters CapaclLor fllLer conslsLs of a capaclLor placed across Lhe recLlfler ouLpuL
and ln parallel wlLh Lhe load 8 a Lyplcal fllLer 1he pulsaLlng dlrecL volLage of Lhe recLlfler a
shown ln flgure 142 ls applled across Lhe capaclLor
kegu|ator A devlce whlch malnLalns Lhe ouLpuL volLage of an ordlnary power supply
consLanL lrrespecLlve of load varlaLlons or changes ln lnpuL AC volLage ls known as a volLage
regulaLor 1he Lwo baslc Lypes of volLage regulaLors are as follows
erles volLage regulaLor
hunL volLage regulaLor
Sw|tched mode power supp|y wlLch mode power supply ls a devlce LhaL conLrols Lhe
energy flow by uslng power semlconducLors 1hese semlconducLors are conLlnuously swlLchlng
on and off wlLh hlgh frequencles and a varlable duLy cycle Lo malnLaln Lhe ouLpuL volLage
wlLch mode power supplles are also smaller ln slze and llghLer ln welghL because of Lhe
ellmlnaLlon of few low frequency Lransformers from Lhe clrculL
Some uses of an SMS are as fo||ows
Dslng sLepdown ,9 you can sLep down Lhe flucLuaLlng uC lnpuL volLage Lo generaLe
a sLeady ouLpuL volLage
Dslng sLepup ,9 you can sLep up Lhe flucLuaLlng uC lnpuL volLage Lo generaLe a
sLeady ouLpuL volLage
,9 can be used Lo lnverL Lhe lnpuL uC volLage
,9 can be used Lo generaLe mulLlple ouLpuLs
,9 can be used Lo ln compuLers Lelevlslon recelvers and baLLery chargers
,9 can be use Lo supplylng varlable uC volLage Lo Lhe armaLure of uC moLor ln a
flucLuaLlng speed drlve
kIMAk kLC1IIILk lL ls placed afLer Lhe surge conslsLs of a comblnaLlon of 4 dlodes or
recLlfler devlce havlng 4 Lermlnals lL converLs Lhe AC currenL lnLo pulsaLlng uC
r|mary f||ters lL ls placed afLer Lhe recLlfler secLlon conslsLs of blg slze elecLrolyLlc
capaclLors of hlgher volLage capaclLy 1hls unlL ls responslble for converLlng Lhe pulsaLlng uC
currenL lnLo almosL uC currenL 1hls currenL osclllaLes llLLle blL and hence rlpples are formed
Sw|tch|ng trans|stors ConslsLs of a palr of swlLchlng LranslsLors whlch are recLangular
power LranslsLors 1hese are flxed on Lhe heaL slnk ln Lhe same secLlon Lhere ls anoLher palr of
LranslsLors whlch are general LranslsLors 1he drlver LranslsLors are used Lo drlve LranslsLors
Secondary transformer econdary Lransformer ls maln blgger Lransformer and ls drlven
from Lhe collecLor of Lhe swlLchlng LranslsLors 1he Lransformer number ls L9J28
Secondary rect|f|er ConslsLs of Lwo groups of dlodes secondary poslLlve recLlfler and
secondary negaLlve recLlfler 9oslLlve recLlfler generaLes + Icc and negaLlve recLlfler generaLes
Icc volLage
Secondary f||ter ConslsLs of lnducLors and elecLrolyLlc capaclLors 1he lnducLors are
mounLed on a slngle core of separaLe colls ln Lhe ouLpuL secLlon of Lhe power supply Lhls
componenL fllLers Lhe mlnuLe rlpples LhaL are noL fllLered by Lhe prlmary fllLer
u|se w|dth modu|ators ueslgned around Lhe lC1L 494 and some oLher componenLs As
Lhls lC ls used Lo generaLe Lhe pulses of dlfferenL wldLhs lL requlres some exLernal componenLs
such as reslsLors capaclLors and ceramlc capaclLors for generaLlng pulses
Dr|ver trans|stor Dr|ver transformer 1he swlLchlng LranslsLor cannoL be drlven dlrecLly
from 9J, lC because ouLpuL of 9J, lC ls very less 1herefore Lhe user needs a dlver
clrculL beLween Lhe swlLchlng LranslsLor and 9J, lC 1he power LranslsLors and drlver
LranslsLors ls coupled uslng drlver Lransformer
Cutput sect|on CuLpuL secLlon of Lhe power supply conslsLs of Lwo 6 pln connecLors for Lhe
moLherboard ln A1 power supply four 4 pln connecLors for Puu luu Cu 8C, drlve
ower good s|gna| 1hls secLlon ls elLher deslgned around lC 339 or slmply wlLh a 8C 147
LranslsLors