H 1

· H 1
.

H
1

14

Contents
Thermodynamic Properties of Saturated Ammonia (Table I & II) Freezing Point of Aqueous Ammonia (Table III & Figure 4) Density of Aqueous Ammonia Solutions at 20/4 C (Table IV & Figure 5)
0

3, 4 5, 19 5, 20 5 6,7 8,9 10 11 12, 13 14 14 15 15 16 17 18 21 22 23 24 Back Cover

Solubility of Ammonia in Alcohols (Table V) Thermodynamic Properties of Ammonia Superheated Vapor (Table VI) Thermodynamic Properties of Aqueous Ammonia (Table VII) Solubility of Ammonia in Aqueous Salt Solutions at 25°C (Table VIII) Ionization of Aqueous Ammonia at 25°C (Table IX) Corrosive Behavior of Materials in Ammonia (Table X) Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Ammonia (Table XI, Part 1) Viscosity of Saturated Ammonia Liquid and Ammonia Vapor of Various Temperatures (Table XI, Part 2) Relative Neutralizing Capacity of Various Alkalies (Table XII) Nitrogen Content of Various Ammonia Derivatives (Table XIII) Thermodynamic Properties of Ammonia (Figure 1) Density vs. Temperature of Liquid Ammonia (Figure 2) Specific Volume of Ammonia as Liquid and Vapor vs. Temperature (Figure 3) Thermal Conductivity of Ammonia (Figure 6) Viscosity of Ammonia (Figure 7) Concentration Conversion Curve (Figure 8) Temperature Conversion Nomograph (Figure 9) Index ,

Table I Tltarmodynamic Proparties of Saturatad Ammonia" by Temparature

Pressure LbB. Per Sq. In. Abaolule
1U8 7.87 10.41 13.90 18.38 23.74 0 10 30.42 38.51 48.21 59.74 73.32 89.19 107.8 128.8 153.0 180.8 211.9 247.0 286.4 330.3 319.1 433.2 482.8 558.4 830.3 708.9 794.7 888.1

Temperature
F

Speclflc Heal BTU/Lb. F

1.054 1.068 1.082 1.088 1.070 1.075 1.080 1.085 1.091 1.097 1.104 1.112 1.120 1.129 1.138 1.147 1.1&8 1.188 1.183 (1.197) (1.213) (1.23) (1.26)
(1.27)

Specillc Volume Cu. Fl. Per Lb. LIQUID

0.02278 0.022fI9 0.02322 0.02348 0.023811 0.02393 0.82419 0.02446 0.02474 0.02503 0.02533 0.02&64 0.02597 0.02832 0.02888 0.02707 0.02747 0.02780 0.02836 0.02885 0.02938 0.02995 0.030&8 0.03124 0.03198 0.03281 0.03375 0.03482 0.0361 0.0378 0.0385 0.0422 0.0483 0.05n 0.0888

Enlhalpy
of

VAPOR
44.73 33.08 24.88 18.97 14,88 11.50 9.118 7.304 5.910 4.825 3.971 3.284 2.751 2.312 I.U5 1.881 1.419 1.217 1.047

Liquid BTU/Lb.
-89.08 -88.51 -77.90 -87.2. -56.64 -45.79 -34.88 -24.11 -13.19 2.18 8.87 20.04 31.28 42.84

Latenl Heal of Evaporation BTU/Lb.

810.8 8it4.3 597.8 590.7 583.6 578.4 588.9 561.1 553.1 544.8 538.2 527.3 518.1 508.8 498.7 488.5 477.8 488.7 455.0
(443)

Enthalpy of Vapor BTU/Lb.

511.7 515.8 519.7 523.5 527.1 630.6 533.9 537.0 539.9 &42.8 545.1 547.3 549.4 551.2

Entropy BTU/Lb. LIQUID

-0.222& -0.1984 -0.1708 -0.1457 -0.1210 -0.0969 -0.0732 -0.0499 -0.0270 -0.0044 0.0177 0.0397 0.0614 0.0829 0.1041 0.1250 0.1458 0.1684 0.1868

Dentlty Pounda Par Cu. Fl. LIQUID

43.91 43.49 43.08 42.65 42.22 41.78 41.3. 40.89 40.43 39.98 39.49 39.00 38.&8 38.00 37.48 38.95 38.4U 3&.84 35.28 34.88 34.04 33.39 32.72

VAPOR
1.3081 1.2789 1.21134 1.2293 1.2068 l.lUO 1.1144 1.1448 1.1211 1.1082 1.0910 1.0745 1.0588 I.IM32 1.0283 1.0138 0.9997

VAPOR
0.02236 0.03023 0.04D22 0.05271 0.08813 0.08185 0.1097 0.1389 0.1892

-80
-50 -40 -30

-20
-10

20
30

D.2m
0.2&18 0.3038 0.3835 0.4325 0.5115 0.8019 0.7048 0.8219 0.9548

40 50
80 70

8CI
90

54.08
85.85 17.31 89.tl 101.08 (113) - (12&) (138) (151) (183) (177) (181) (206) (21D) (235) (25t)

662.8
554.1 555.1

100
110 120

1555.8
558.1

a.I85B
0.9719

130
140

.....
•• + ••

...

· .. ~ . .... . .... . · ... ~ ..... .... . .... . ..... · .. ~ . .... .

+ ••• -

. ...
,

· ... ~ . · .... ~
• •• + ••

(430) (418) (401)

(388)

. . ~.
.~ ..

..... .....
_

1&0
180 170 180 190 200 210 220 2311 240

· ... ~

~~ ...
·.~ .. · .. ~ . .... . ·.~ .. ·.~ .. .... .

....
... . ... . .. .
,

....
•• • +

. .....
• + • ~ +

32.01 31.27 38.48 29.83 28.72 27.7 28.8 2&.3 23.7 21.6 17.3 14.8

(1.30) (1.34)
(1.38)

(369) (351) (332) (310) (287) (280)

(229) (192)

.... .
,

·. . . . . · ... ~ . ·~ .... ·. ,

....

... . ... . ... . ... . ... . ... . .~ .. ... . ...

.... . .... . .. ~ ..

(1.43) (1.48) (1.57) (1.70) (1.ItO) (2.33) (6.30)

.~
,

988.5
1089.6 1218.5 1347 1488 1135 1857

.. .. ......
-. + •••

~ ....
• + •• +

.....
..... .... . ... . .... . .... .

(288)
(287) (308)

...~ . ...~ . .. ..
,

tlO
2BD
270

~~ .. ~
.... . ·~ ... · .. ~ .

· ... ~ . ·.~~ ..

(142) ( 52) 0

(341)
(355)

...

~ .....
· .. ~ ..

r-

271.4

.-

.....
NOI.

ta from Bgreau of Standards Cin:ulal No. 142

Ba.. Tamp.. ture: 32f. 313 and 315·aod rlllllesent vllulII .

Nole: Thaligures io parantflesos wera calClllatad from ompirical aquatians given in Buraau of Standards Sciantific papin obtainad bJ 8ltrapalation bllJOndthe ranga cDvaredin IhB axperimantal work.

Tabla II ThlrmodyaHlic Properties of Sliturated Ammonia· by Prelllfl

Pr.... r. (pel.) T.mper-

specJnc VoJum.
(Cu. Ft. P.r Lb.) LIQUID VAPOR

.ture
(F)

Enthalpy of Liquid (8TU P.r Lb.)

Latent H.. t EnUtalp," of Evapor.- of Vapor lion (BTU (BTU Per Lb.) Per Lb.r

EntNtjty' (BTU/lb F) LIQUID VAPOR

D.... lt,(Pounds Per Cu. Ft) LIQUID VAPOR

..
.41

-83.11

D.02271

41.31

-102.4

812.8

610A

-0.2307

1.3148

44.03

0.02028

10

-41.34

o..ot31.

U.81

-79.3

598.5

518.2

-0.1742

1.2588

43.122

0.03874

15

-27.29

0.&2354

17.87

-84.3

588.8

524.5

-0.1310

1.2230

42.48

Il.OI8I8

20

-18.84

0.02377

13.50

-52.9

581.2

528.3

-0.1130

1.1992

42.08

0.07401

30

-0.&7

0.02418

9.238

-35.8

589.3

533.7

-0.0748

1.1858

41.39

0.1083

40

11.88

0.02449

7.047

-22.3

559.8

&37.5

-0.0482

1.1417

40.83

0.1419

50

21.87

0.G2478

5.110

-11.4

551.7

540.3

-0.0233

1.1211

40.38

0.1711

75

41.13

0.82538

3.887

10.1

535.2

545.3

0.02112

1.0891

39.43

uln
0.3388

100

68.05

0.&2583

2.852

28.8

521.8

548.8

0.11629

1.tl848

38.71

125

88.31

0.02625

2.381

40.7

510.2

550.9

0.0792

1.Q458

38.10

0.4200

150

78.81

0.02883

1.984

52.7

499.9

152.8

0.101.

1.0301

37.66

o.s018

20CI

98.34

0.&2732

1.502

73.0

481.8

654.8

0.1382

1.0048

38.80

0.8_

260

11&.80

0.02793

1.202

90.1

485.8

538.9

0.1880

0.9847

311.80

0.8318

300 'Dlbla

121.21

0.02852

G.989

105.0

451.1

558.1

0.1934

0.8875

35.08

UNt11

B....... of Sblndmis CilUll.. 110.142

Tabla III Freazing Point of Aqueous Ammonia·

WI. Fracllon N HI 1.00 freezlnt Polnl. f

Table IV Density of Aqueous Ammonia Solutions at ~O C. Computed from Valns Given in the International Cdtiul Tibl •.
Wet,hl Sttecl6c Grlvity 0.9138 0.9895 0.1811 0.1730 0.&851 U575 Grlms per Liter
of NHI In lOtulion expressed in

-107.7 -111.1 -118.7 -123.7 -134.3 -134.7 -127.7 -118.0 -112.0 -111.1 -109.8 -110.0 -110.& -113.8 -115.1 -118.1 -117.2 -121.4 -119.4 -112.4 -110.4 -110.2 -110.4 -117.4
-122.8

0.944 Uti 0.&a8 0.807 0.807 0.771 0.724 0.889 0.187 USC 0.141 0.833 0.806 0..u9 0..u3 U81 0.&78 0.158 0.018 0.488 0.487 0.471 0.423 0.408 0.312 0.384

Pound. per U. S. GIllon

Pounds per Cubic Fool 0.8205 1.235 2.450 3.845 4.820 5.978 7.118 8.242 9.352 10.45 11.52

Per Cen NHI 1 2

Degr"s

BlUm.
10.9 11.5 12.7 13.8 15.1 18.2 17.3 18.5 19.5 20.& 21.7 22.8 23.8 24.9 25.9

8.939
19.711

0.D8294
0.t852 0.3275 0.4872 U443 6.7991

3'.24
58.38 71.21 95.75 114.0 132.0 149.8 187.3 184.8 201.8 218.4 236.0 251.4 287.8

4
8 8 10 12 14 18 18 20 22 24 26 28
30

USOI 0.9430
0.9382 0.9295 0.1229 0.1184 0.1101 0.1040 0.8980 0.8120

6.9515
1.102 1.2SO 1.398 1.140 1..B82 1.823

12.59
13.84 14.87 15.70 16.71

1.882 2.098
2.233

27.0

-128.8 -131.8 -133.1 -142.8 -142.1 -128.1

-101.8

Table V

un

Solubility of Ammonia in Alcohols·

Gram MoilS Mlta SoIuIIlv in 1 l ihII' 01

U44S 0.327 0.314 0.285 0.275 0.284 0.2545 0.220 0.183 0.171
8.0422

Temperature Methyl Alcohol Dlllrees C.

0 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 13.85 10.B5 9.B8 B.42 7.30

Ethyl Aleohol

N-proprl Aleoho 7.07 5.3 4.85 4.15 3.82 3.25 2.39

1IOIIro:1"
Aleoh 8 4.55 4.05 3.48 2.98 2.52 2.25

8.85 6.82

-81.8 -82.7 -74.9 -48.3

5.89
1.02 4.32 3.79 3.30
,

-30.'
-19.48 23.4 32.0

0.000
Eulectle I: 0.334 Eutectic Euteetlc

&.19
5.34 4.60

-14'.5
-122.8 -t34.5

m. 0.805

n, 0.&71

..

. ..

..

;. Postma. R8IlII8i1 du TrawlY! Cbimiquas des 'a,s-881. 39. 5t 5 (1920)

• hlublll .... 01' Inorganic and Orpnlt Compound, SeIdell and Un" Cap)ript III11l! by Alnllrillall Chomlcai SocIety

Tabla VI Thermodynamic Properties of Ammonia" Superheated Vapor

PRESSURE (SAT. TEMP.)

psi.

-40 524.1

-20
533.9

0 543.8

20 553.7 80.12 552.1 1.4113

TEMPERATURE 40 80 583.6 82.89 573.8

F 80 583.8 100 593.8 120 140 180

180
834.8

0
5 (-83.11°)

h v h
y

803.7

613.9

824.2

•
8

57.55 52.38 54.97 542.5 522.4 532.& 1.3900 1.3782 1.3877

582.5

77.95 BO.48 12.87 76.41 &a.24 87.71 70.33 823.7 813.3 634.2 582.7 592.8 572.8 803.0 1.5414 1.5581 1.5070 1.5244 1.4318 1.4115 1.4705 1.4891l

10 (-41.34°)

h
y

38.90 37.82 40.17 35.97 31.29 32.49 38.35 27.28 28.58 29.90 33.78 823.2 812.7 833.7 592.1 571.8 581.8 602.4 530.7 541.0 551.2 881.4 1.4599 1.4786 1.4071 1.4428 1.3085 1.34112 1.3892 1.4252 1.2834 1.3284 1.3885 18.01

15 (-27.29°)

h
I

528.5

25.03 25.86 28.74 23.31 24.17 19.82 20.70 22.44 18.112 21.58 822.6 612.1 833.2 591.3 801.7 849.9 580.3 570.8 581.0 539.3 1.4119 1.3770 1.4287 1.3588 1.3947 1.2323 1.2789 1.3001 1.3204 1.3400 1.2564 14.09 14.78 537.8 548.6 1.2119 1.2430 15.45

20 (-18.84°)

h
y

559.1

18.12 569.6 1.2848 1.2854

18.78 17.43 6ltU 580.1 1.3242 1.3052

19.37 18.73 20.02 18.08 811.5 822.1 632.7 601.0 1.3777 1.3804 1.3945 1.3425

30 (-0.5"

h v h
I

12.43 12.87 13.30 11.99 11.56 10.85 9.731 10.20 11.10 810.3 828.9 831.7 599.8 589.0 587.6 578.3 545.6 558.7 1.3480 1.3115 1.3290 1.2934 1.2748 1.2351 1.1910 1.2137 1.2553 9.278 9.609 8.945 9.938 8.809 7.588 8.288 7.922 7.203 609.0 619.8 598.2 630.6 587.4 554.2 578.5 585.5 542.5 1.2783 1.2940 1.2580 1.3112 1.2390 1.1884 1.2192 1.1523 1.1782 5.988 551.8 1.1481 8.280 563.3 1.1681 7.655 7.117 7.387 6.843 8.584 7'1 607.8 618.7 588.8 629. 585.8 574.7 1.2487 1.2668 1.2108 1.2301 1.2840 1.1905

40

(11.86°)

50 (2t.8T)

v h
I

75 (41.1 SO)

v h v h
I

5.048 4.876 5.230 4.485 4.883 4.087 4.289 804.6 815.8 827.0 581.7 583.2 557.8 589.8 1.1781 1.1974 1.2158 1.2338 1.1578 1.1131 1.1383 3.600 3.743 3.883 3.304 3.454 3.149 612.9 577.3 601.3 584.7 588.4 824.4 1.1787 1.1970 1.1183 1.1396 1.1597 1.0953 2.840 2.958 3.074 2.593 2.719 2.461 551,3 597.9 512.8 585.8 809.9 621.7 1.1481 1.1294 1.1679 1.0614 1.0880 1.1084 2.118 2.435 2.228 2.534 2.334 568.0 806.8 619.0 581.5 594.4 1.0581 1.1241 1.0818 1.1037 1.1434 1.780 1.612 1.859 1.898 587.1 600.5 613.4 573.0 1.0608 1.0628 1.1034 1.0389 1.386 1.240 1.316 1.453 593.9 807.8 563.6 578.3 1.0248 1.0487 1.0706 0.9982 1.058 570.8 0.8824 1.123 1.183 586.8 601.8 1.0186 1. .21 Basa rslllperat

100 (58.05°)

125
(88.31°)

v h
I

150 (78.81°)

v
h
I

200 198.34°1 250 (110,80°)

•
v
h s

300 (123.21°)

v
h s

'Oalalrolll 8ureau of Standards CircularNo. 142 y - VOllllll8 fI.lLb.) Icu. h - onthalpy IITUm.) s - 8olropy (8TU!Lb. of)

..".1. F

TEMPERATURE
200 645.1 83.10 844.7 1.5744 41.45 644.3 U929 27.59 843.8 1.4450 20.66 643.3 1.4109 13.73 642.4 1.3626 10.27 641.5 1.3279 .85 1.3008 5.410 638.2 1.2509 4.021 635.8 1.2146 3.187 633.4 1.1859 2.631 631.0 1.1619 1.935 626.0 1.1227 1.518 220 655.7 85.66 655.2 1.59M 42.73 654.9 1.5089 28.44 854.5 1.4610 21.30 654.1 1.4270 14.16 653.2 1.3787 10.59 652.4 1.3442 8.448 651.5 1.3172 5.589 649.4 1.2676 4.158 647.2 1.2316 3.299 645.1 1.2032 2.728 642.8 1.1796 2.009 638.4 1.1412 1.588 833.8 1.1102 1.294 629.0 1.0838 240 666.4 88.23 665.9 1.6081 44.03 665.7 1.5247 29.30 665.3 1.4769 21.94 664.9 1.4427 14.59 664.1 1.3945 10.92 683.4 1.3601 8.710 662.6 1.3332 5.767 660.6 1.2838 4.294 658.6 1.2482 3.409 656.6 1.2200 2.820 654.6 1.1967 2.082 650.5 1.1588 1.&40 646.4 1.1285 1.346 642.1 1.1028 260 677.2 90.78 876.8 1.6216 45.32 676.5 1.5402 30.16 678.2 1.4924 22.59 675.8 280 888.1 93.31 687.8 1.6367 46.58 687.5 1.5554 31.01 687.2 1.5616 23.23 686.8 1.4735 15.45 886.2 1.4252 11.56 685.5 1.3909 9.230 684.8 1.3642 6.119 683.2 1.3152 4.562 681.5 1.2199 3.627 679.8 1.2522 3.004 618.1 1.2293 2.225 614.6 1.1923 1.758 671.2 1.1629 1.447 667.6 1.1382 300 699.1 95.84 698.8 1.8515 47.85 698.6 1.5702 31.86 698.2 1.5225 23.86 697.9 1.4885 15.87 697.3 1.4403 11.88 696.7 1.4058 9.489 696.1 1.3792 8.294 894.5 1.3303 4.695 692.9 1.2952 3.735 691.4 1.2677 3.095 689.8 1.2449 2.295 886.6 1.2083 1.815 683.4 1.1793 1.496 680.2 1.1549

F 320 710.2 98.39 710.0 1.6661 49.13 709.7 1.5850 32.71 709.4 1.5373 24.51 709.1 1.5034 16.30 708.5 1.4554 12.21 708.0 1.4212 9.756 707.4 1.3945 6.468 705.9 1.3457 4.827 704.5 1.3105 3.842 703:0 1.2828 3.185 701.5 1.26D2 2.364 698.6 1.2239 1.872 695.6 1.1951 1.544 892.6 1.1711 340 721.4 100.93 721.2 1.6803 50.41 720.9 1.51t91 33.57 720.6 1.5515 25.15 720.4 1.5171 16.74 719.8 1.4697 12.53 719.3 1.4356 10.01 718.7 1.4091 6.642 717.4 1.3603 4.958 716.0 1.3253 3.948 714.7 1.2979 3.274 713.3 1.2751 2.432 710.6 1.2391 1.928 707.8 1.2106 1.592 705.0 1.1868 360 732.7 103.47 732.5 1.6942 51.68 732.2 1.8129 34.42 732.0 1.5654 25.79 731.7 1.5315 17.17 731.2 1.4837 12.85 730.7 1.4498 10.27 730.2 1.4231 6.815 728.9 1.3745 5.089 727.7 1.3398 4.054 726.4 1.3124 3.363 725.1 1.2899 2.500 722.6 1.2539 1.983 720.0 1.2256 1.639 717.4 1.2021 380 744.1 106.01 743.9 1.7077 52.96 743.6 1.8285 35.28 743.4 1.5790 26.44 743.2 1.5452 17.60 742.7 1.4975 13.18 742.2 1.4634 10.52 741.7 1.4370 6.987 140.5 t.3BB4 5.219 739.5 1.3539 4.158 738.2 1.3266 3.451 737.0 1.3042 2.568 734.6 1.2884 2.038 732.2 1.2403 1.888 728.8 1.2170 400 755.8 108.54 755.4 1.7212 54.23 755.2 1.&400 36.13 754.9 1.5925 27.07 754.7 1.5587 18.02 754.3 1.5110 13.50 753.8 1.4770 10.78 753.4 1.4506 7.160 752,2 1.4022

PRESSURE (SAT. TEMP.) It

'I

psia
0

5
(-63.11°)

It

s
'I

10 (-41.34°)

It
8 'I

15 (-27.29")

h s
'I

20

1.4583
15.02 675.1 1.4100 11.24 674.4 1.3757 8.970 673.7 1.3489 5.943 671.9 1.2997 4.428 670.0 1.2842 3.519 668.2 1.2363 2.912 666.4 1.2132 2.154 6112.6 1.1759 1.899 858.8 1.1460 1.397 655.0 1.1209

h (-16.64") s
'I

30
(-0.57")

s
v 40 (11.66")

h
8 y

50 (21.67")

h s
v

75 (41.13°)

h s
v

5.350
751.1 1.3871 4.264 750.0 1.3406 3.540 748.9 1.3183

100 (56.05")

s
'I

125 (68.31")

s
'I

150 (18.81")

s
v

2.636
748.6 1.2827 2.093 144.4 1.2547

200
(98.34°1

h
8 'I

250 (110.89°1

620.9
1.0909 1.239 615.8

s
'I

1.732
742.2 1.2316

300 (123.21°)

eF

h
8

Table VII Thermodynamic Properties of Aqueous AmmoniaPRESSURE. psia

Concentration of NH. In Liquid Phue Weight %
0 1 101.8 89.7 1105.0 0.00 49.7 978.5 30.2 5 182.2

to
193.2 161.1 1143.0 0.00 179.5 141.8 1029.8 24.48 167.3 123.2 934.7 43.37 156.5 105.7 866.5 57.17 148 •• 89.0 793.3

15 213.0 181.0 1150.6 0.00 1H.7 181.8 1043.1 22.27 187.7 143.6 952.4 40.83 17U 128.1 876.7 54.13 1.7.0 109.5 814.7 64.44 157.9 93.5 764.8 71.87 137.4 57.1 891.7 84.18 117.7 22.6 643.1 91.45 83.8 -38.9 594.6 97.75 52.3 -.7.0 568.8 99.58 24.3 -117.4 552.. 99.88 2.1 -133.4 540.6 99.97 -10.4 --129.8 533.8 89.99 -18.3 -114 •• 529.4 100.00 -24.0 -12.3 526.3 100.0 -27.3 -84.3 524.5 100.0

20 228.0 198.0 1156.0 0.00 214 ••

30 2111J.3 218.8 1183.7 0.00 23704 198.9 1066.2 19.92 225.5 181.9 982.8 311.81 214.9 164.5 912.3 49.43

40 267.2 2a5.9 1189.2 0.00 254.5 217.3 1075.8 18.82 242 .• 199.4 99ti.5 33.97 232.1 182.1 927.3 47.28 220.0 185.5 889.8 57.21 212.4 149.4 822.0 65.27 189.8 112.1 743.8 19.31 189.8 78.8 688.4 87.66 132.8 13.6 625.6 98.06 99.3 -37.1 592.5 98.96 89.1 -70.1 571.4 99.81 46.4 -86.4 558.3 99.91 32.0 -84.8 549.2 99.97 22.6 -70.8 544.1 99.99 16.0 -49.1 540.1 99.98 11.7 -22.3 537.5 100.0

50 281.1 250.0 1173.5 0.00 288A 231.4 1085.0 18.09 256.8 213.6 1008.3 32.64 246.1 196.3 942.4 46.50 235.9 178.8 888.2 55.34 228.1 163.5 838.8 63.&0 203.4 125.8 757.4 ~ 7
.-' 1 90.4 699.7 88.60

t hr ltv
'J
t

ltv y
4

hr

.8.3

1130.8 0.00 148.7 110.8 1009.3 27.83 92.3 908.9 47.56 126.1 74.8 827.2 60.81 116.7

130.1

1052.8 21.14 203.0 159.1 964.9 38.80 182.4 141•• 89t.4 52.15 1.2.5 125.1 830.7 82.29 173.2 109.1 781.4 69.99 151.8 72.3 708.9 82.84 132.0 37.4 808.0 90.52 97.2 -24.8 802.6 97.39 85.0 -73 .a 575.1 99.44 38.5 -104.8 557.3 99.87 14.5 -120.2 545.8 99.96 1.4 -117.4 538.4 99.99 -7.3 -102.9 533.6 99.99 -13.2

177.2

hI Y
t

hv

78.0 32.8 876.2 52.2 68.0 15.6 793.0 86.1 58.8 -0.9 727.7 76.3 49.8 -16.8 878.0 83.0 28.9 -52.7 624.3 91.26 12.4 -85.7 586.2 96.0 -16.3 -141.8 551.0 99.5 -40.3 -1.2.2 539.0 99.99 -84.0 -208.' 522.0 100.0 -83.4 -219.8 510.9 100.0 -95.1 -217.8 505.5 100.0 -200.9

138.7

h, ltv y
t

ltv y
10
t

hI '

782.3 70.46 108.1 42.7 712.0

58.4

204.8

88.88

147.9 853.5 59.51

hr ltv y hy y

n.54

137.9 73.2 743.3 74.18 118.0 37.5 675.5 86.98 99.1 3.3 830.2 12.49 65.3 -58.1 583.9 98.15 34.1 -105.2 558.9 99.75 7.8 -lM.5 545.5 99.90 -13.3 -149.2 534.2 99.98 -25.8 -148.0 527.5 100.0 -3304 -130.6 523.5 100.0 -38.7 -108.0 520.6 100.0 -41.3 -79.3 519.2 100.0

195.3 131.8 805.1 87.35 173.3 IM.8 728.5 .1.00 153.3 59.6 874.8 88.80 117.3 -3.3 615.3

15

t hI

89.0 7.5 650.8 88.3 70.4 -28.3 8G9.4 93.97 37.6 -88 •• 567.2 98.85 8.9 -131 •• 548.0 98.86 -18.7 -159.7 534.4 MI.96 -37.4 -174.1 523.7 99.19 -48.5 -189.5 518.1 100.0 -88.0 -153.4 514.1 100.0 -80.3 -131.0 511.9 100.0 -63.1 -102.4 610.4 100.0

20

hr ltv y
t

30

h, ltv y

98.70

145.5 27.3 834.0 95.52 111.3 -24.1 598.9 INU9 -57.7 576.4 99.75 57.8 -74.2 582.6 99.89 43.0 -72.8 553.7 99.95 33.1 -59.4 547.5 99.99 28.2 -38.2 543.1 2.,7 -11.4 540.3 100.0

40

~
50

t hr ltv y t h, ltv y h, ltv y

I t

84.4 -53.0 585.0 99.17 54.9 -85.1 565.7 98.84 32.5 -101.3 553.0 99.93 18.7 -99.0 545.0 99.97 9.3 -85.1 538.6 99.99 3.4 -62 •• 536.0 99.99 -0.6 -35.8 533.7 100.0

80.'

80

70

h,

....
y

80

t ht

-99.'
801.2
100.0

ltv y
I hi

90

hy y t hI y

-102.6 -176.7 498.2 100.0 -105.0 -148.0 490.7 100.0

-80.8
530.9 100.0

8Y.'l

100

....

-16.6 -52.9 528.3 100.0

·Ol1a taken from 8. K. Jannings and F. p, Shannan, Refrigerating Engi na.ring, Mey, 1938. Enthalpy ~ompllt8ti(m datum takan os siturated Iilluid al 32 F.

P
75 307.6 217.3 1181.2 0.00 295.1 258.9 1100.2 16.66 283.7 241.0 1029.0 30.30 272.9 223.8 96.70 41.92 262.6 207.1 914.4 51.74 252.8 191.0 867.3 59.99 229.6 153.1 783.9 100 327.8 288.3 1188.6 0.00 315.7 280.2 1112.9 15.38 304.3 262.6 1047.2 28.36 293.7 245.5 989.0 38.88 283.6 228.8 937.6 48.92 273.7 212.7 892.6 56.97 250.1 174.3 125 344.3 315.6 1190.5 0.00 332.8 297.8 1122.5 14.9 321.7 280.1 1061.1 28.67 311.1 263.0 1005.8 38.74 300.8 248.5 ' 958.2 46.21 290.7 230.4 912.0 54.47 266.6 112.2 823.1 70.16 244.6 158.6 757.1 8D.80 204.2 92.8 675.6 92.35 167.7 39.2 630.5 96.96 135.2 2.4 601.0 98.87 110.2 -16.2 561.5 98.66 93.9 -18.8 569.4 99.87 82.4 -4.3 561.3 99.93 73.9 14.4 555.2 99.97 68.3 40.7 559.9 100.00

PRESSURE,

ps .. Concen.Oon of NHI in Liquid Phue

150 3&8.4 33D.4 1193.5 0.00 347.2 312.6 1129.7 13.33 336.2 295.2 1071.6 25.18 325.8 278.2 1018.7 34.95 315.2 261.8 970.7 44.21 305.0 245.7 927.5 52.41 280.6 207.7 838.0 68.28 258.9 172.0 771.0 79.38 217.8 108.2 686.5 91.44 180.7 54.4 638.5 96.48 147.4 lB.l 608.6 98.82 122.0 -2.9 585.7 99.46 105.6 -3.5 513.3 99.75 93.7 8.5 584.2 99.88 85.1 27.2 557.4 99.96 78.8 52.7 552.7 100.00

200 381.8 355.3 1197.8 0.00 370.4 337.9 1140.7 11.98 359.4 320.8 1078.8 22.17 349.0 304.2 1038.7 32.48 336.8 287.5 993.5 41.46 328.8 271.4 952.0 49.25 30404 232.6 882.4 85.25 281.7 196.8 793.7 76.86 239.8 133.5 703.7

250 401.0 376.0 1200.5 0.00 390.1 369.0 1148.1 lU4 379.3 242.2 1098.8 2U6 368.8 325.6 1052.8 3D.41 358.3 309.1 1010.0 39.34 348.2 293.0 970.1 46.94 324.2 253.5 812.3

300 417.3 313.9 1202.4 0.00 408.8 377.4 1153.5 9.75 396.3 360.8 1107.3 19.33 3B5.8 344.3 1063.8 28.81 375.5 327.9 1022.9 37.53 365.3 311.7 984.5 45.17 340.8 271.6 898.9 60.60 318.9 235.3 829.3 72.7 273.2 172.4 730.3 87.44 234.6 119.8 671.2 94.00 198.9 77.1 629.6 97.43 172.4 56.1 98.84

~~
I

hi _'j_

II.
2

hi hf

t hi hf _'j_

hi h. y
I

II.
.'f_

hi

hi hv _'j_
I

10

SOU

hi

15

72.36

62.88

.:L
t

Ilv
hi h. Y

117.6 723.0 84,36 169.B 54.2 6SO.3 94.42 134.4 1.6 611.4 98.07 103.7 -32.8 586.3 99.55 79.6 -SO.6 570.4 99.84 84.0 -SO.2 506.6

228.0 138.6 742.2 82.37 168.7 75.2 663.9 93.23 152.7 22.0 622.0 97.48 121.0 -13.5 594.4 99.19 96.3 -32.0 576.2 99.80 80.5 -31.7 565.4 99.93 89.5 -19.0 558.0 99.96 61.4 0.5 552.5 99.98 56.0 26.8 548.6 100.00

30o.s 217.5 812.9 74.70

20

15i.!

257.7

89.88

717.5 88.84 219.2 100.7 861.8 94.75 184.5 59.5 623.4 97.S7 158.4 39.8 598.4 99.02 140.8 37.5 582.4 99.58 127.6 48.2 570.8 99.81 118.2 65.8 99.93

hI

30

hv
_'!_ t

202.0 79.7 851.5 95.52 18'1.7 39.8 616.0 98.0B 142.2 20.3 593.1 9UO 124.9 18.8 578.8 99.63 112.6 30.4 568.4 99.84 103.2 48.2 580.6 99.84 86.3 73.0 554.8

hi h. _'j_
t

40

hI h.
t

50

602.8

hi hf
Y I

80

99.94

154.4 53.4 5B5.8 99.52 141.8 64.6 573.8 99.78 130.1 81.0 683.8 99.12 123.2 104.1 551.1 100.00

hi

70

L
I

II.
80

53.6 -36.9 553.6 !t9.97 45.8 -16.5 548.5 1.1 10.1 545.3 100.00

hi hy Y

582.5

y
t

hv
100

t hi

SO

!~

110.8 90.1 555.9 100.00

hv

hi

t-temp&rature F, h,--enthalpy of saluraled

liquid, BTU/Lb.,

hv-enthalpy of saturaled vapor, BTU/Lb. y---concentration of NHs In vapor phase, weight

Tabla VIII Solubility of Ammonia in Aqueous Salt Solution at 25 C*

Gram Moles NH3 Soluble In 1 Liter of Salt Chemical Formula 0.5 Normal Solution 0.930 0.950 0.970 0.852 0.938 0.985 0.995 0.876 0.980 1.001 1.030 0.865 0.839 0.923 0.920 0.926 0.932 0.875 0.885 0.788 0.868 0.866 0.868 0.868 0.814 0.880 0.887 0.927 0.940 0.951 1.0 Normal Solution 0.866 0.904 0.942 0.716 0.889 0.916 0.992 0.789 1.008 1.040 1.094 0.808 0.722 0.862 0.855 0.858 0.868 0.772 0.788 0.650 1.5 Normal Solution 0.809 0.857 0.900 0.607 0.843 0.890 0.985 0.718 1.045 1.090 1.190 0.786 0.626 0.804 0.798 Q.802 0.814 0.876 0.675 0.554 0.675 0.675 0.885 0.678 0.580 0.684 0.728

Potassium Chloride Potassium Bromide Potassium Iodide Potassium Hydroxide Sodium Chloride Sodium Bromide Sodium Iodide Sodium Hydroxide Lithium Chloride Lithium Bromide Lithium Iodide Lithium Hydroxide Potassium Fluoride Potassium Nitrate Potassium Nitrite Potassium Cyanide Potassium Thiocyanate Potassium Sulfate Potassium Sulftte Potassium Carbonate Potassium Oxalate Potassium Chromate Potassium Acetate Potassium Formate Potassium Borate, Meta Potassium Acid Phosphate Sodium Sulfide tPotasslum Chlorate tPolasslum Bromate +Potasslum Iodate + Concentration of these salts's 0.25 Normal. • Data of Abell: Rle8snfeld, ;& Phys. Ch., 40, 100

KCI KBr KI KOH NaCI NaBr Nal NaOH liCI LIBr liI liOH KF KN03 KN02 KCN KSCN K2S04 K2S03 K2C03 K2C204 K2Cr04 KC.H3O. KCHO. KB02 KtHP04 N82S KCI03 KBr03 KI03

O.nI
0.771 0.765 0.760 0.677 0.749 0.795

...

.. - .
....
• + ••

... . ... .

(1902).

Table IX Ionization of Aqueous Ammonia at 25 C"

Moles of Base Per Liter 2.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.010 0.009 0.008 0.007 0.008 0.005 0.004 0.003 0.002 0.001

Ammonium Hydroxide

lonlled 0.30 0.42 0.45 0.47 0.50 0.55 0.80 0.87 0.77 0.84 1.33 1.40 1.49 1.59 1.72 1.88 2.12 2.42 2.96 4.15 4.37 4.62 4.93 5.33 5.82 8.48 7.44 8.99 12.52

Gram Mole. OH Per Liter 0.0080 0.00420 0.00405 0.00376 0.00350 0.00330 0.00300 0.00288 0.00231 0.00188 0.00133 0.00128 0.00119 0.00111 0.00103 0.00094 0.00085 0.00073 0.00059 0.00042 0.00039 0.00037 0.00036 0.00032 0.00029 0.00028 0.00022 0.00018 0.00013

Gram. OH Per Liter 0.1020 0.0714 0.0689 0.0640 0.0596 0.0581 0.0510 0.0458 0.0393 0.0320 0.0226 0.0214 0.0203 0.0189 0.0175 0.0160 0.0144 0.0123 0.0101 0.0071 0.0087 0.0083 0.0059 0.0054 0.0049 0.0044 0.0038 0.0031 0.0021

pH 11.78 11.62 11.81 11.58 11.54 11.52 11.48 11.43 11.38 11.27 11.12 11.10 11.08 11.05 11.01 10.97 10.93 10.86 10.77 10.82 10.59 10.57 10.54 10.51 10.46 10.42 10.34 10.26 10.11

·O.ta from Yan Nostrand's Cbamical Annual (19341·

Table X Corrosion Behavior of Materials in Ammonia·

A. Ammonia ICorrosion less than 0.005 inches per year at temperatures below that at which dissociation of ammonia and nitriding of metals oceursl.t 1. High-alloyed austenitic steels 2. Cast silicon-iron Imore than 14.5% Si.1 3. Alloyed cast iron 12% Cr., 25·30% Cr., 14% Ni., 6% Cr., 5% Cu.1 4. Nickel I Liquid NH3to 250 C NH3 gas) 5. Nickel·Chromium alloys 6. Monel 7. Platinum, its alloys and less common metals 8. Titanium 9. Tantalum 10. Concrete IConcrete must be well aged) 11. Enamel 12. Glass 13. Graphite 14. Porcelain 15. Ouartzware 16. Stoneware 17. Plastics a. Haveg 41 , 60 b. Teflon c. Hostaflor d. Fluorthene e. Polyethylene, 150 F f. Sulfur cements, 200 F g. Epoxy Resins, 150 F 18. Rubber Inatural up to 150 F) 19. Aluminum 199.5%) 20. Hastelloy, B, C, D B. Ammonia ICorrosion rates not acceptable) 1. Nickel 15000 C, NH3 gas) 2. Nickel-Copper Alloys 3. Copper·base Alloys 4. Plastics a. Polyisobutylenes b. Polyvinyl Chlorides c. Styrene Copolymers, 200 F 5. Wool 6. Saran

C. Aqueous Solutions of NH31Corrosion rate 0.02 inches per yearl 1. 316 S.S. 2. Austenitic Steels 3. Silicon-iron (more than 14.5% SLI 4. Alloyed cast iron 5. Nickel-Chromium alloys 6. Platinum, titanium 7. Tin 8. Enamel 9. Glass 10. Graphite 11. Porcelain, CLuartzware 12. Polyisobutylenes 13. Haveg 41, 60 14. Teflon 15. Hasteflor 16. Fluorthene 17. 20 C, 30% Pe-Ce fibre, Vinyon, Nylon, Perion, Asbestos 18. Cast Iron 19. Lead 20. Aluminum 21. Hastelloy B, C, 0 22. Polyethylene 23. Rubber Inatural and synthetic I 24. Styrene Copolymers, 200 F 25. Zirconium D. Aqueous solutions (Corrosion rates not acceptable 1. Nickel 2. Monel 3. Tantalum 4. Silver 5. Wool 6. Saran 7. Copper 8. Bronze 9. Glass, 250 F 10. Brass 11. Steel, 300 C under pressure

• Recomm end that each spec if ic con diii an be checked to r Ilroper rna leri a I s of construction. Corrosion Handboo k, H. H. Uh Iig, Editor, Jolin Wi ley and Sons, New York (19481Chemical Engineer's Handbook, PerlY. Corrosion Guide by Eri ch Rabald (19681.

teerts in high lensi Ie strength stee Ishave devetoped srress-cenesion crecking in em moni a seIVi ceo However, such creck ing can be avoided bV tbe addition of 0.2 parcent water to the ammonia as an inh ibilol. Stal ionelY steel pressule vessels for ammoni a selVice she II comply with pert 191 0, Section 191 0.111, Tille 29 of Ihe Code of felIara I Regul81ions [OSHA,. Steel pressure vessels employed for the transportation of emmoni a in interstate commeree shall comp Iy wilh spacificat ions 95 are apprlljlrieta and as ara conte ined in parts 171· 179 01 Title 49 01 tbe Code of Federe I Regulations.

Table XI PART 1. Physical and Thermodvnamic Properties of Ammonia

·~h·

..-

Molecular Weight of NH3 Critical Temperature Critital Press ure

-.~
~N~ __

17.031 270.3 F .1,636 psi 14.67Ibllt"

,.-~~~

Critieal Density

---

Melting Temperature of NHJ Solid at 1 atm. ._ Heat of Fusion of NH J Solid at 1 atm" -107 _9 F
-, ..

-..

~~

-107.9

~
~,

142.8 8TUlib

.--

Boil inU Temperature of NH J liquid at 1 at m. Haat of Vaporization of NHJ liquid at 1 atm .. - 28.17 Density of Saturated NH 3 Vapor at I atm., - 28.' 7 F Density of Saturated NH] liquid at 1 atm., - 28.17 He at of Formation 01 NH 3 Vapor at 1 at m., 7 7 f Heat of Formation of NH, liquid at 1 atm.. 77 F
.~~. ,~.-

..

-,

-28.17F 589.8 BTU/lb

F
--~~--

-_.-,~

..

-.,~

.__
,_

0.0555 Ibllt]
---

.._

42.57 Ibtl!'
--,-~.~-.-

...

-',167 -1,780

BTU/lb BTU/lb BTU/lb

Free Energy 01 Formation 01 NH, Vapor at 1 atm., 77 F

~-.~~

_._

-420.6
.-.~

Heat of Combustion of NH, Vapor all atm., 77 F

~~.~ ..

..

--

10,022 BTU/lb

~~~-

Thefmal Conductitity 01 NH J Vapor, k at 1 aim .. 32 f all atm., 212 F

.".----'"

0.0128 BTU·fI/lh·fNl 0.0185 BTU·tI/lh·fF·FI

_______ .. r ___

..

Therm a I Conduct ivity of NH] liqu ida I 50 F

...~--

-.
_-,

.-

... -

0.29 BTU·fI!(h· fl" Fl 0.78

.-.

Prandtl Number, (Cp~ -k-

) ,for NH, Vapor al 1 aim, 212 F

~-~.

.-

_.,

---.

-------

_.

-~- -

. ~.-

--_.--.---

Diffusion C(lefficient of NH J Vapor, 0 in air at 1 atm., 77 F Schmidt Number,

(:0 ),
y .-~

yo",

-----_."

- _d·--

0.246 x 10-3 IFlsec 0,67

fOI NH 3 Vap(lr in air at 1 atm, 2120 F

.

_-

-"

._- 1----_.--

.
1.0072 22.0 4.01

Dieleclr ie Consta nt (If NH J Vapo r at 1 at m., 320 F, and 106 cycles Isec of NHJ liquid at 1 atm., -.11 Df, and 4 x 10" cycles/sec. 01 NH J Sol id at 1 aim., -1300 F, and 4 x 108 cvcles/sec. Elect rical Condoci iwily of NHl Uqu id at -11 0 F Heal capac: ity of NHJ Vapor at I atm, 59 F

.._
-.~-.. .

~~.~~~

33 x 10" mh(l/in
···h _______

0.5232 BTUllb'f
~.~---

-~-.~

PART 2. Viscosity of Saturated Ammonia liquid and Ammonia Vapor at Various Temperatures

-~-.
-"

Tempefatore
~,~~

~~~.

_ ... "---,., Visc os ity of NH J liquid, I.l

_~r·

-28.3 -4 f 14 F

F ._.
--~.~".

.-.- ..

0_266 Cent ipoise .-0.210 Cenlipoise

Viscosity (If NH, Vapor,).J 0.00810 Centipoise 0.00860 Centipoise 0.00900 Centipoise

--.-~-

-~-

.,.... ~------ .... ~~

32 F 50 F 68 F
--·'·~-~-'I~·-·_-

~~

0.190 Cenlipoise ~.-. O. J 70 Centipoise

.,~

.-

0_00926 Centipoise 0.00860 Centip(lise 0.00990 Cenlipoise

---_.

-_.

0_150 Centip(lise

_.

0.125 Centipoise

Table XII Relative Neutralizing Capacity of Various Alkalies

Alkali Ammonia (NH3) Cau.tlc Soda (NaOH) Pounda 1.00 2.35 3.11 Aqueous Ammonia (211.4% NH.ln HaD) 3.40

Liquid caustic solution (50% NaOH In H~O)

4.70

Table XIII Nitrogen Coment of Various Ammonia Derivatives

Compound Ammonia Urea Ammonium Nitrate Ammonium Carbonate 01 Ammonium Phosphate Ammonium Sulfate Trl Ammonium Phosphate Ammonium Bicarbonate Sodium Nitrate Potassium Nitrate NH3

Formula

Molecular Weight 17.03 80.08 80.05 114.11 132.07 132.14 203.14 79.0& 85.01 101.10 115.11 115.04 236.16

Total NltrOIen % by Weight 82.3 48.8 35.0 24.5 21.2 21.2 20.6 17.7 18.5 13.7 12.2 12.2 11.8

CO(NHzh NH.NO. (N H4lzCO,· Hz0 (NH.lzHPO. (NH.)2S0. (N H.hP04·3Hz0 NH.HCO, NaNO, KNOI NH.HSO. NH4HzPO. Ca(N03lz'4HzO

Ammonium Bisulfate Mono Ammonium Phosphate Calcium Nitrate

figure 1
THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES DF AMMONIA

.... ,...

....
'\

'"~ -

['\

!\

I"\:

400 ~
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II)

e,
I'\.

I"
r-,
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......

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I'... r-,
I-'

-1'00:

"

"
~

"'\ '\

rs

0" <'+

" "~
r-,

['\

r-, r-,
rs

1'\ I'\.

'\ '\

I-~~ +--360 L

3lto I-

I-- ~

~ - ~ ,_. i""'" t""I: ~ - I'.. r-.... ~ I- ...... ~ to- ~

I>~

1--1-

1t'+.'

~
'\.

"
~~ ~ -....

lI- f"oc;;

r::;

~~ or.

~ ~

i.--

...... ..-~

""

""O~ v

I'\..

~~~!";

o,p'l~

~. ~
.......

" ~.
~
['\..

:$'4'.

."

~~ ~

r\

f\340 320 300 ~

-"
r-,
<,

r-,

<,

" "
"<,

I"'\.

280 I----260 r-240 ~

220 1"200
f..--.'

"

I--

~i'<

.- "k" I--"" - .,...#0")- .I--'" V I> - O,/, t,...k 'k'"

......

"',

I- ~ I-

.9~

,
r-,
I'

r-..
<,

I'
1-1-

~
poi:

" J"... k) I.- ....

.1.- t-<: I-

r-,
I--

"
......

""
.....
J"...

r-...

180 I-160 ~ 140 i== I-120

-tOO

CONSTANT TEMPERATURE

HOdVA a,:IJ,VijO~"_
J.Vs

-._

f"

""
~

r-,
.......

.....

r-....

.....80

=
:&
II)

<,

r-,
r-,

"

-,
....... r-,

r-, r-, I"-..

r-,
l"- t-

60 r.....
J"... 40

......
I"-

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MOLE fRACTION-WEIGHT

Index
Concentration Conversion Curve (Figure 8) Corrosive Behavior of Materials in Ammonia (Table X) Density of Aqueous Ammonia Solutions at 20/4° C (Table IV & Figure 5) Density vs. Temperature of Liquid Ammonia (Figure 2) Freezing Point of Aqueous Ammonia (Table III & Figure 4) Ionization of Aqueous Ammonia at 25°C (Table IX) Nitrogen Content of Various Ammonia Derivatives (Table XIII) Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Ammonia (Table XI, Part 1) Relative Neutralizing Capacity of Various Alkalies (Table XII) Solubility of Ammonia in Alcohols (Table V) Solubility of Ammonia in Aqueous Salt Solutions at 25°C (Table VIII) Specific Volume of Ammonia as Liquid and Vapor vs. Temperature (Figure 3) Temperature Conversion Nomograph (Figure 9) Thermal Conductivity of Ammonia (Figure 6) The rmodynamic Properties of Ammonia (Figu re 1) Thermodynamic Properties of Ammonia Superheated Vapor (Table VI) Thermodynamic Properties of Aqueous Ammonia (Table VII) Thermodynamic Properties of Saturated Ammonia (Table I & II) Viscosity of Ammonia (Figure 7) Viscosity of Saturated Ammonia Liquid and Ammonia Vapor of Various Temperatures (Table XI, Part 2) 23 12, 13 5,20 17 5, 19 11 15 14 15 5 10 18 24 21 16 6, 7 8, 9 3,4 .22 14