GUIDED BY : PROF.

VIJAY MATAI PRESENTED BY: GOPI ACHARYA VYOMA NAIK NAYRUTI MISTRY SAMVIDA RAI RASHMI SUTHAR

 The lowest artificially prepared parts of the structures

which are in direct contact with the ground and which transmits the loads of the structures to the ground are known as foundations. The solid ground on which the foundation rests is called the foundation bed or foundation soil and it ultimately bears the load and interacts with the superstructure of building.

 To distribute the weight of the structure over a large

area so as to avoid overloading of the soil below. To load the substratum evenly and thus prevent unequal settlement To provide a level surface for building operations. To take the structure deep into the ground and thus increase its stability, preventing overturning.

Isolated

 A shallow foundation is often selected when the

structural load will not cause excessive settlement of the underlying soil layers. In general, shallow foundations are more economical to construct than deep foundations. Common types of shallow foundations are : Spread Footings, Combined Footings, and Strip Footings

FIRST ISOLATED FOOTING

 It is sometimes economical to construct a foundation

of isolated piers or columns of brick or concrete supporting reinforced concrete ground beams in turn supporting walls, rather than excavating deep trenches and raising walls off strip foundations, some depth below ground. The isolated foundations are typical rectangular or trapezoidal block made up of reinforced concrete. In some places where burnt clay brick quality is good, these are made with burned bricks also.

FOOTING FOR BRICK PILLAR

FOUNDATION FOR PIERS

 This system of foundations is used in case of

frame construction i.e beam-column construction. From region to region there are thumb rules to decide on the length, width and depth including reinforcement for the isolated footing normally done by local masons without consulting professionals.

PRE CAST ISOLATED FOOTING

REINFORCEMENT USED IN FOUNDATION

A CASTED ISOLATED FOOTING

DIFFERENT STAGES OF ISOLATED FOOTING