Professional Documents
Culture Documents
S.MANIKANDAPRABHU @ SARAVANAN
DEFINITION
Distribution of Load
Lateral Stability
Construction requirements .
Economy etc.
TYPES OF FOUNDATION
Shallow foundation
Deep foundation
SHALLOW FOUNDATION
The foundation provided immediately below the lowest
part of the structure near the ground level, transferring
load directly to the supporting soil, is known as
shallow foundation.
Shallow foundation is provided when stable soil with
adequate bearing capacity occur near to the ground
level.
Requirements:
Suitable soil bearing capacity
Undisturbed soil or engineered fill
SHALLOW FOUNDATION
concrete, adjacent tiers being placed at right angles to each other, while
This is dependable foundation and is used in those place where the load
The grillage foundation helps in distributing the load over a wider area of
subsoil.
Nature of loads
Cost of construction
Installation Method
TYPES OF DEEP FOUNDATION
Pile foundation
Pier foundation
Well foundation
PILE FOUNDATION
Timber
Based on inclination
Vertical Piles
Inclined/ raker Piles
TIMBER PILES
Timber piles are mainly used to support light to
moderate loading structures.
They are widely used for compaction of soils and
for the construction of temporary structures.
They are also used in the protecting water- front
structure.
The main advantages of timber piles are, they are
easy to handle, low initial cost, durable in non-
fluctuating weather conditions.
TIMBER PILES
CONCRETE PILES
Concrete piles are the widely used for heavily
loaded structures.
Concrete piles can be pre-cast or cast in-situ piles.
The precast piles may use ordinary reinforcing bars
or pre-stressed bars depending on the usage and
the loading conditions
The main advantage is the higher loading capacity
and ease in construction.
Disadvantages include high initial cost,
requirement of treatment when used in corrosive
areas, marine environment and splicing in case of
CONCRETE PILES
Disadvantages include high initial cost, requirement
of treatment when used in corrosive areas, marine
environment and splicing in case of pre-stressed
piles.
STEEL PILES
These piles are either bored and cast in-situ piles or drilled-
in tubular piles.
In both the cases, the earth is removed where the pile has
to be installed and is then filled with reinforced concrete or
precast sections are erected.
Steel liners, bentonite slurry may also be used according
the prevalent soil condition in the site.
These replacement piles do not provide any additional
consolidation or displace the surrounding soil and hence
ground heaving is avoided.
Due to no displacement during installation, there is no
heave in the ground.
BASED ON INSTALLATION TYPE -
REPLACEMENT PILES
REPLACEMENT PILES
BASED ON INSTALLATION TYPE -
DISPLACEMENT PILES
Caissons.
PIER
Box Caissons
Excavated Caissons
Floating Caissons
Open Caissons
Pneumatic Caissons
Sheeted Caissons
BOX CAISSONS
Caisson is a cylinder or
hollow box that is sunk
into the ground to a
specified depth by
auguring a deep hole into
the strata.
High axial and lateral load capacity for these foundations. The
weight of the structure can be easily held by the piers and is
very sturdy.
They are very economical. The cost to drill and install the
caissons is minimal when compared to the cost to any
ADVANTAGES
Piers minimize the need for pile caps. Because the piers are
filled with concrete, pile caps are really not necessary.
Cutting edge
Well curb
Bottom plug
Steining
Top plug
Well cap
DIFFERENT SHAPES OF WELL FOUNDATION
Circular
Double D
Double Octagonal
Twin Circular
Rectangular
Double Rectangular
The choice of a particular shape of well depends upon the
size of the pier, the care and cost of sinking, the
considerations of tilt and shift during sinking and the
vertical and horizontal forces to which well is subjected.