THEORIES OF ETHICS

1. METAETHICS 2. NORMATIVE ETHICS 3. APPLIED ETHIC

METAETHICS-METAETHICS IS THE MOST ABSTRACT AREA OF MORAL PHYLOSOPHY. IT DOES NOT ASK
WHAT ACT IS OR WHAT KIND OF ACT ARE GOOD AND BAD OR RIGHT OR WRONG. RATHER IT ASK ABOUT THE NATURE OF GOODNESS AND BADNESS, WHAT IS TO BE MORALLY RIGHT AND WRONG META ETHICS IS BRANCH OF ETHICS THAT SEEK TO UNDERSTAND THE NATURE OF ETHICAL STATEMENT, ATTITUDES AND JUDGEMENT. NORMATIVE ETHICS-THE TERM NORMATIVE ETHICS IMPLIED SOMETHING THAT GUIDES OR CONTROLS. NORMATIVE ETHICS THE STUDY OF RULES OR THEORIES THAT GUIDE OUR ACTIONS AND ACTION AND JUDGEMENTS, DETERMINES WHAT ACTUALLY IS MORALLY RIGHT OR WRONG. EGA-WE SHOULD TREAT OTHERS THE SAME WAY THAT WE WANT OTHERS TO TREAT US.SINCE I DO NOT WANT MY COLLEAGUE TO CHEAT ME, IT IS UNETHICAL ON MY PART TO CHEAT MY COLLEAGUE. EGB-IF I WOULD LIKE TO RECEIVE HELP FROM OTHERS IN TIME OF TROUBLE, THEN ISHOULD HELP OTHERS WHEN THEY ARE IN TROUBLE. THEORIES OF NORMATIVE ETHICS ARE 1. TELEOLOGICAL THEORY 2. DEONTOLOGICAL THEORY 3. VIRTUE ETHICS 1. TELEOLOGICAL THEORY-THE WORD TELEOLOGICAL IS DERIVED FROM TWO GREEK WORDS TELOS MEANING END,GOALOR PURPOSE AND LOGOSMEANING LOGIC OR REASON.THUS,TELEOLOGICAL MEANS THINKING RATIONALLY ABOUT ENDS. THESE THEORIES HOLD THAT AN ACTION IS CONSIDERED MORALLY CORRECT IF THE CONSEQUENCES OF THAT ACTION ARE MORE FAVOURABLE THAN UNFAVOURABLE. 2.DEONTOLOGICAL THEORY-THE WORD DEONTOLOGICAL IS DERIVED FROM THE GREEK WORD DENOMEANING DUTY OR OBLIGATION .DEONTOLOGICAL THEORIES FOCUS ON CERTAIN FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES THAT WE HAVE AS HUMANBEINGS SUCH AS NOT COMMITTING MURDER OR THEFT. 3. VIRTUE ETHICS-VIRTUE ETHICS IS ASSOCIATED WITH GREEK PHILOSOPHER ARISTOTLE WHO USED THE TERM VIRTUE TO EXPLAIN OUR MORAL OBLIGATIONS.VIRTUE MAY DEFINED AS ANY DISPOSITION OF CHARACTER OR PERSONALITY THAT AN INDIVIDUAL DESIRES IN HIMSELF OR OTHERS . IN OTHER WORDS ,VIRTUES ARE DISPOSITIONS OF CHARACTER,WHICH AN INDIVIDUAL CONSIDERS TO BE GOOD.

APPLIED ETHICS-APPLIED ETHICS IS A BRANCH OF ETHICS THAT DEALS WITH SPECIFIC , OFTEN
CONTROVERSIAL MORAL ISSUES DIFFERENT FIELDS WHICH ARE AS FOLLOWS : 1. MEDICAL FIELD:ABORTION,FEMALE FOETICIDE AND INFANTICIDE 2. BUSINESS FIELD: MISLEADING ADVERTISING,INSIDER TRADING,BRIBERY 3. OTHERS:DISPACEMENT OF TRIBAL PEOPLE DUE TO HYDRO-ELECTRONICAL PROJECTS,TESTING DRUGS ON ANIMALS ETC