Digital Image Processing

Tania Stathaki

Location: Extension: Email:

Room 811b 46229 tania@ic.ac.uk

LOGISTICS OF THE COURSE

Duration
20-22 lectures

Assessment
100% exam There isn't any coursework or homework

IMAGE PROCESSING

Textbook
R. C. Gonzalez, R. E. Woods, Digital Image Processing, Addison Wesley, 1993, ISBN 0-201-50803-6

What is an image?
a representation, likeness, or imitation of an object or thing a vivid or graphic description something introduced to represent something else

DIGITAL IMAGE

DIGITAL IMAGE

FROM ANALOG TO DIGITAL

Imaging systems

Sample and quantize

Digital storage (disk)

Digital computer

On-line buffer

Display output

object

observe

digitize

store

process

Refresh /store

Record

Sampling
256x256 64x64

Quantisation 8 bits
0 0 0 0 0 255 0 0 0 255 255 255 255 255 255 0 0 0 0 255 0 0 0 0 0

Quantisation cont.
256x256 256 levels 256x256 32 levels

Quantisation cont.
256x256 256 levels 256x256 2 levels

Coloured Image

Intensity (Gray-Level) Image

Binary Image

Image Processing
manipulation of multidimensional signals
image (photo) video CT, MRI

f ( x, y )

f ( x, y, t )
f ( x, y, z, t )

Image Processing

Why?
Coding/compression Enhancement, restoration, reconstruction Analysis, detection, recognition, understanding Visualization

Part I: Image Transforms

Original Image Fourier Transform Amplitude Phase

Part II: Image Enhancement

Original Image High Pass Filtering

Part III: Image Restoration

Distorted Image Restored Image

Distortion due to Camera Misfocus

Original image Distorted image

Distortion due to Camera Misfocus

Camera lens

Distortion due to motion

Camera lens

Distortion due to Random Noise

Original image Distorted image

Part IV: Image Compression

Signal-Processing Based:
Encoder
f ( x, y )

g ( x, y )

H Decoder
g ( x, y )

Compressed Representation

f ( x, y )

H 1

Images are not directly amenable to computer analysis

Computers work with numerical (rather than pictorial) data. An image must be converted to numerical form before processing by computer can commence.

Picture elements or pixels Rectangular sampling grid Brightness of the image

Images are not directly amenable to computer analysis

APPLICATIONS
Medical images Satellite images Astronomy Radar images

Satellite image Volcano Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia

Satellite image Volcano in Alaska

Medical Images: MRI of normal brain

Medical Images: X-ray knee

Medical Images: Ultrasound Five-month Foetus (lungs, liver and bowel)

Astronomical images