K.C.G.COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 2 MARK QUESTIONS & ANSWERS: 1.

Determine the total number of links needed for N nodes connected as a) Mesh b) star c) Ring topology. Ans: Number of links for mesh= N*(N-1)/2 Number of links for star= N Number of links for Ring= N 2. What is the purpose of layering? Ans: The functions performed in the networks are divided into modules and assigned to each layer. 3. List the key elements of protocol Ans: 1. Syntax 2. Semantics 3. Timing 4. A digital signal bit rate of 2000bps. What is the duration of each bit? Ans: Bit interval = 1/ bit rate = 1/ 2000bps =0.0005s = 500 micro second 5. Draw the NRZ-L, NRZ-I, RZ and Manchester encoding for 10100101.

NRZ L: 10100101 NRZ - L

NRZ-I

RZ - 10100101

Manchester - 10100101

6. An analog signal carries 4 bits in each signal unit. If 1000 signal units are sent per second. Find the baud rate and the bit rate. Ans: Baud rate =100 baud/s Bit rate = baud rate *no. of bits/signal unit Bit rate = 1000*4= 4000bps 7. At which level of OSI model does repeaters, bridges, routers and gateways operate? Ans: Repeater Physical layer Bridges Data link layer & Physical layer Routers Network, data link & physical layer Gateways Transport and upper layers 8. Determine which OSI layers is responsible for the following? i) Providing end-end communication with reliable service. ii) Providing node-node communication with reliable service. Ans: I ) Transport layer-Providing end-end communication with reliable service. ii) Data link layer-Providing node-node communication with reliable service. 9. What are the two types of error? Explain. Ans: Single bit error: Only one bit of the given data unit has been changed Burst error: Two or more bits in the given data unit have been changed. 10. What is Piggybacking? Piggybacking is the method of combining the data frame and the acknowledgement of the previous frame in a single unit. 11. Write the qualities of CRC. Ans: 1. It must have exactly one bit less than the divisor 2. Data string appended with the CRC must be exactly divisible by the divisor. 12. Define flow control and error control. Ans: Flow control is the restriction on senders data rate so that the receiver buffer does not overflow. Error control is the protocol that deals with error detection and error correction.