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Beginning Microsoft Project: Information Resources
Beginning Microsoft Project: Information Resources
INDEX
Basic Steps For Designing a Project.......................................................................................... 4 Starting a New Project ............................................................................................................... 5 Step 1: Set Project Defaults ...................................................................................................... 5 Table Entry and Gantt Chart View.......................................................................................... 6 Table Entry ............................................................................................................................. 7 Outlining ................................................................................................................................. 7 Manipulating the Entry Table.................................................................................................. 7 Step 2 - Task Entry .................................................................................................................... 8 Purchasing Phase .................................................................................................................. 9 Purchasing Phase Indention................................................................................................... 9 Demolition Phase ................................................................................................................... 9 Construction Phase .............................................................................................................. 10 Step 3: Linking (Controlling Task order)................................................................................. 11 Linking the Phases ............................................................................................................... 12 Dissolving Links.................................................................................................................... 12 Adjusting the Timescale ....................................................................................................... 12 Going to a Task .................................................................................................................... 12 Adjusting Working Hours ...................................................................................................... 13 Telling Project to Use the Home Project Calendar............................................................. 13 More on Task Relationships ................................................................................................. 13 Lag Time/Lead Time............................................................................................................. 14 Elapsed Duration versus Working Duration.......................................................................... 15 Scheduling A Task To Start Or Finish Relative To A Specific Date...................................... 15 Step 4: Creating a resource list.............................................................................................. 16 Creating the Resource List ................................................................................................... 16 Step 5: Assigning Resources to tasks..................................................................................... 17 Assign Fixed Costs............................................................................................................... 19 Step 6: Analyze/adjust project................................................................................................. 20 Project Duration.................................................................................................................... 20 Methods of Shortening Task Duration: ................................................................................. 20 Resource Allocation ............................................................................................................. 22 Project Cost.......................................................................................................................... 23 Step 7: Document Task Progress ............................................................................................ 24 Creating a Baseline .............................................................................................................. 24 Recording A Projects Progress............................................................................................ 24 Using the Tracking Toolbar .................................................................................................. 25 Exercise: Updating Tasks.................................................................................................... 26 Printing & Reports.................................................................................................................... 28 Printing the Current View...................................................................................................... 28 Reports................................................................................................................................. 28
Microsoft Project.doc
Microsoft Project is a project management program that can assist you in planning, organizing, scheduling, and managing the tasks necessary to complete a project. With it you can: List each task necessary to complete a project in the order they should be performed. Assign start and finish dates to tasks or let the program set them for you by you specifying the duration of the task. Display the tasks graphically over a time line to get an overall view of the project. Assign workers, contractors, and other resources to tasks and print their schedules. Compute the hours and cost necessary to complete a task or the entire project. Monitor a projects progress and compare it to your original estimate. Analyze such items as cost, hours, slack time, resource allocation, etc. using tables and graphs.
The picture below shows one of the many views available in Project. This view displays the name of the task on the left and is duration graphically on the right.
Throughout this handout, we are going to use an exercise where we will remodel a bathroom. This will involve: scheduling tasks, purchasing materials, renting equipment, scheduling workers, paying fees, assigning costs to tasks, and specifying the sequence that the tasks should be performed in. The next page give you an overview of the steps we will go through in creating our or any project.
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6. Analyze/Reevaluate/Adjust Project
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Schedule From: Project Start Date tasks are scheduled from the Start Date forward. The finish date depends on the time it takes to complete the tasks. Use this when you know when you wish to start but the finish date is not as crucial. Project Finish Date tasks are scheduled from the Project Finish Date backwards. The Start Date depends on the time it takes to complete the tasks. Use this when the project must be completed by a particular date. Start / Finish Date: Set Start Date when scheduling from the Project Start Date. Set Finish Date when scheduling from the Project Finish Date Current Date: Set to the current date. Calendar: Determines which days per week are working days and which hours per day are working hours. You can create/modify the calendar under: Tools Change Working Time.
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Entry Table
Start: Enter the start date only when you know exactly when this task will begin. Otherwise, let Project adjust it based on the flow of tasks.
Predecessors: If you have specified that one task must follow another (linking), the predecessor to the current task will be listed in this column.
Split: Click & drag the line to change the proportion between the table and the Gantt chart.
Duration: This is how long the task is expected to take. The duration can be in minutes(m), hours(h), days (d), or weeks(w). Examples: 30m, 12h, 1d, .5d, 1w, 1.5w. (0d for milestones)
Finish: Enter the finish date only when the task must finish on this date, no later, no sooner. Otherwise, let Project adjust the date for you based on the flow of tasks.
Resource Names: If you have assigned resources to the task, the name of the resource will be displayed in this column.
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Table Entry
The first step in creating a Project is listing each task and its expected duration in the Table. Some general guidelines for creating most projects are as follows: Enter tasks in the order they will occur. This is true whether you set are working from a start date forward or a finish date backwards. If the tasks occur simultaneously, you should (but dont have to) list the tasks above/below one another. Enter a duration for each task. Let Project assign the start/finish dates for the tasks based on their duration. You can worry about specific Start & Finish dates later.
Outlining
Simply listing one task after the other in chronological order is fine for small projects, but if you have a large project, you might wish to consider breaking the project up onto logical phases using outlining. Outlining give you the added advantage of: Adding clarity to long projects. Viewing cost subtotals for each phase. Viewing duration subtotals for each phase.
Moving a Task 1. Click on the row number of the task to be move and then release the mouse. 2. Click and drag the row number up or down to move the task. Deleting a Task Pressing the DELETE key in a row will delete the entire row. Editing a Task 1. Click on the task to be edited. 2. Click in the Formula Bar near the top of the screen to edit the task. 3. Press ENTER on the keyboard when editing is complete. Inserting a Task 1. Click on the row below where the task will be inserted. 2. On the keyboard, press the Insert key. (or from the menu, click on: Insert Insert Task. Undoing Project is able to undo the last action performed. 1. From the toolbar, click on the UNDO icon:
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2. Type Begin Project in row one as shown. 3. Type Design Phase in row two as shown.
NOTE: Ignore the Duration, Start, & Finish dates for now. We are ignoring the duration for these two tasks because there are Phase Names, not actual tasks. There durations will be calculated automatically based on the tasks within them. 4. Click on the words Design Phase. 5. From the toolbar, click on the Indent icon: (This designates Design Phase as subtask within Begin Project.) 6. Type what is shown in rows 3, 4, & 5. 7. Highlight rows 3-5 with the mouse. 8. Click on the Indent icon: Note on Outlining Because rows 3-4 are indented one level beneath Design Phase, there total duration will be tallied at Design Phases duration. Further, because Design Phase is indented one level beneath Begin Project, it and all other items at the same level of indention will be tallied at Begin Projects duration. In other words, when complete, the phase names will contain all the subtotals for the tasks beneath them and Begin Project will contain a grand total.
Microsoft Project.doc
Purchasing Phase
The next step on our project is scheduling when the materials will be purchased. Later we will assign costs to them. The purchases will fall into 2 categories: Fixed Costs Items that have a one time cost such as licence fees, and materials. Variable Costs Items that have a time based or per use cost such as rental fees and labor. 1. Type the information shown in rows 6-15. 2. The duration for each item is 1 day. Ignore the start and finish dates for now.
Demolition Phase
1. Type the Task Names and Durations as shown for rows 16-19. 2. Highlight rows 16-19. 3. From the toolbar, click Outdent twice. 4. Highlight rows 17-19. 5. From the toolbar, click Indent once.
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Construction Phase
1. Type the Task Names and Durations as show in rows 20-28. 2. Click in row 20. 3. From the toolbar, click Outdent
Task entry and outlining is now complete. Your screen should look like the picture shown. Note that you will probably have different dates.
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The Duration for Design Phase now displays the subtotal for all of its tasks.
Although your dates will be different, the Start dates now reflect the new sequence.
The blue arrows indicate that the tasks are linked. The staggered boxes indicate when the task will occur.
Purchasing Phase 1. Highlight rows 8-11. 2. Click on the LINK button on the toolbar: 3. Highlight rows 13-15. 4. Click on the LINK button on the toolbar:
Link the Tasks in Demolition Phase 5. Highlight rows 17-19. 6. Click on the LINK button on the toolbar: Link the Tasks in Construction Phase 1. Highlight rows 21-28. 2. Click on the LINK button on the toolbar: Microsoft Project.doc May 21, 1997 11
Both methods are primarily the same except that the first method produces a black line that runs through all of the tasks. We will use the second method. 1. Highlight rows 5-6. 2. Click on the LINK icon on the toolbar: 3. Highlight rows 11-12. 4. Click on the LINK icon on the toolbar: 5. Highlight rows 15-16. 6. Click on the LINK icon on the toolbar: 7. Highlight rows 19-20. 8. Click on the LINK icon on the toolbar:
Dissolving Links
There are several methods of breaking the link between two tasks: Using the graph, double click the arrows joining the tasks and select DELETE. Using the table, highlight the cells the tasks are in and click on the Unlink Tasks icon.
Going to a Task
To view a task on the Gantt Chart that is not currently visible in the Gantt Chart window, follow these steps: 1. On the Entry Table, click on a task. 2. From the toolbar, click on the Goto Selected Task icon: The corresponding task on the Gantt Chart should now be visible. Microsoft Project.doc May 21, 1997 12
Setting Working hours in the New Calendar 6. Verify that the For box is displaying the new calendar name: Home Project. 7. With the mouse, click and drag across the headers: S M T W TH F S 8. At Make Dates, click on: Working 9. With the mouse, click and drag across the headers: M T W TH F 10. Working time for weekdays is 6pm to 10pm. Enter these times in the Working Time section as shown. Be sure to delete the information in the second row.
Setting Nonworking days 11. Use the scroll bars to display September of 97. 12. Click on September 1, 1997. 13. At Make dates, click on Nonworking. 14. Click on OK.
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There are four ways you can relate tasks in Project: Task Relationship Description Finish-to-Start (FS) A task begins when its predecessor is complete. This is the default relationship. Start-to-start (SS) The specified tasks need to start at the same time. Finish-to-Finish (FF) The specified tasks need to finish at the same time. Start-to-finish (SF) A task finishes when its predecessor starts.
Lag Time:
Exercise: Adjust lag/lead time between linked tasks We must wait one day for the paint to dry (task 27) until we can replace the fixtures (task 28). 1. Click on Replace Fixtures (Row 28). 2. From the toolbar, click on the INFORMATION icon: 3. Click on the Predecessor tab.
4. In the LAG column, type 1d. 5. Click on OK. NOTE: You can also access the Task Information window by: Double clicking the blue arrow between two tasks on the Gantt Chart or Double clicking the name of a task on the Entry Table. Microsoft Project.doc May 21, 1997 14
As Late As Possible
Finish No Earlier Than Start No Earlier Than Finish No Later Than Start No Later Than Must Finish On Must Start On Microsoft Project.doc
Cost/Use: The flat rate incurred each time the resource is used.
Initials: (Opt) These can be made to show up on the Gantt chart rather than the resource name.
Max Units: Maximum number of units of this resource that are available. For example, .5 indicates that the resource is to work no more than a day on any task. Enter 1 if the resource is available full time. 2.5 would indicate that you have two full time workers and one time.
Ovt. Rate: The rate charged when the resource is works overtime hours.
Accrue At: Accruement has an effect only when interim reports are generated. There are 3 options: START: The full cost of the task is accrued at the beginning of the task whether the task has been completed or not. END: The cost of the task is accrued when a task is 100% complete. PRORATED: The cost of the task is accrued as the project proceeds.
Code: You can use this for anything. The most common use if to place accounting codes so you can group task cost information for exporting into other applications.
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You will have zeroes where the picture has blanks. This was done for clarity. Utilities On/Off we are charged each time utilities are turned on or off. At Base Calendar, double click an item to select the base calendar to use. Note that some resources are not available on weekends and nights and have been assigned to the Standard calendar. Once assigned to a task, the tasks on the Gantt chart will automatically adjust their dates to reflect this constraint.
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Design Phase Assignments Here we will decide who will work on the design phase of the project. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. In the Entry Table, click on row 3. Hold down the CONTROL key on the keyboard and click row 5. In the Name column in the Resource Assignment window, click on ME. In the Resource Assignment window, click on ASSIGN. Click on row 4. In the Name column in the Resource Assignment window, click on F.L. Wright. In the Resource Assignment window, click on ASSIGN.
Purchasing Phase Assignments The Fixed Costs (materials) will be assigned using another method. Variable costs such as equipment rental must be assigned to the tasks in which they are utilized, not when they are purchased. Here we will assign someone to spend time acquiring the materials and renting the equipment. It is the cost of their time that we will incur in this section. 1. 2. 3. 4. Highlight rows 8-11. Hold down the Control key and highlight rows 13-15. In the Name column of the Resource Assignment window, click on: WES In the Resource Assignment window, click on ASSIGN.
Demolition Phase Assignments Here we will assign who will perform the 3 tasks. 1. 2. 3. 4. In the Entry Table, highlight row: 17 (Remove Fixtures). In the Name column of the Resource Assignment window, click on: WENDY Hold down the CONTROL key and click on: UTILITIES ON/OFF In the Resource Assignment window, click on ASSIGN.
5. In the Entry Table, highlight row: 18 (Remove Plaster). 6. In the Name column of the Resource Assignment window, click: Arnolds Demolition 7. In the Resource Assignment window, click on ASSIGN. 8. In the Entry Table, highlight row: 19 (Dispose of Debris). 9. In the Name column of Resource Assignment, click on: Jons Debris Removal. 10. In the Resource Assignment window, click on ASSIGN. Construction Phase Assignments Here we must assign two types of resources: Assign workers to each task. Allocate the costs of rented equipment to the task where it will be utilized. 1. 2. 3. Click on row 21 (Install 2 New Electric Outlets). In the Name column of Resource Assignment, click on: Doc Browns Electric. In the Resource Assignment window, click on ASSIGN. May 21, 1997 18
Microsoft Project.doc
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Click on row 22 (Hand Tar Paper). In the Name column of Resource Assignment, click on: WES. In the Resource Assignment window, click on ASSIGN. Click on row 23 (Apply Concrete Board). In the Name column of Resource Assignment, click on: Wendy. Hold down the CONTROL key and click on: WES, ME, CONCRETE DRILL, and SAW. In the Resource Assignment window, click on ASSIGN.
11. Click on row 24 (Prepare Surface) 12. In the Name column of Resource Assignment, click on: WENDY. 13. In the Resource Assignment window, click on ASSIGN. 14. 15. 16. 17. Click on row 25 (Tile Room) In the Name column of Resource Assignment, click on: ME. Hold down the CONTROL key and click on: TILE CUTTER In the Resource Assignment window, click on ASSIGN.
18. Click on row 26 (Grout Between Tile) 19. In the Name column of Resource Assignment, highlight: WES & WENDY. 20. In the Resource Assignment window, click on ASSIGN. 21. Click on row 27 (Paint Non-Tiled Surfaces) 22. In the Name column of Resource Assignment, highlight: WES & WENDY. 23. In the Resource Assignment window, click on ASSIGN. 24. 25. 26. 27. Click on row 28 (Replace Fixtures) In the Name column of Resource Assignment, highlight: WENDY. Hold down the CONTROL key and click: UTILITIES ON/OFF In the Resource Assignment window, click on ASSIGN.
1. Click on CLOSE in the Resource Assignment window. 2. Drag the vertical split in the center of the scree to the right to view the Resource Names column.
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Project Duration
The most common problem when evaluating a project it that it is too long. Fortunately, there are several methods of shorting the duration of a project. First, it is important to understand that by default, task duration is Resource Driven. This means the duration originally assigned to a task can change depending upon the resource assigned to it. The following example illustrates this relationship. Resource working hours are shorter than Calendar Working Hours When the Resources Working hours per day are less then the project working hours per day the length of the task will increase over what was originally planned. For example, a task was scheduled to last one day, but you assign a resource to it that can only work 4 hours per day, the task will stretch over two days instead of one. Note that the Table Entry chart will still display only 1 day in the duration column. This is because the total duration is still only 1 day (4 hrs. + 4 hrs. = 8Hrs. = 1 day) The start/finish dates will reflect two days and the Gantt chart will also display a bar stretching over two days.
Assign more workers to the task. This will allow more work to be done in the same amount of time. Note that you can overallocate resources using this method. 1. In the Gantt Chart/Table Entry view, click on the task to be affected. 2. From the toolbar, click on the Resource Assignment icon. 3. In the Units column, type the number of resources to be assigned to the project.
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Allow Overtime Hours Again, this will allow more work to be accomplished per day. Note that you will also be charged an overtime rate using this method. 1. In the Gantt Chart/Table Entry view, click on the task to be affected. 2. From the menu, click on: WINDOW SPLIT. 3. Click in the lower of the 3 windows. 4. From the menu, click on: FORMAT DETAILS RESOURCE WORK 5. In the Ovt. Work column, type in the Overtime hours. (e.g. 4h) 6. To update, the Gantt chart, press F9 on the keyboard. 7. To hide the lower window, from the menu, click on: WINDOW REMOVE SPLIT
Adjust Task Relationship When tasks are linked, the successor can not begin before its predecessor is complete. This is known as a Finish to Start relationship and is the default when linking tasks. If two linked tasks can be worked on simultaneously, their relationship can be changed to a Start to Start relationship. 1. 2. 3. 4. View the Gantt Chart (View Gantt Chart) Double click the line connecting the two tasks involved. In the Type box, click the down arrow and select START to START Click on OK.
Allow Lead Time Lead time is when two linked tasks have a Finish to Start relationship, but the succeeding task can begin before its predecessor is completely finished. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Display the Gantt Chart and Table Entry view. Click on the task on the table that will begin early. Click on the Task Information icon on the toolbar. Click on the Predecessors tab. In the Lag column, type in the lead time in negative numbers. For example, to begin day early, type in: -.5d
Adjust Start / Stop Dates Normally, a linked tasks starts immediately after its predecessor finishes. However, if it was necessary to assign Start dates to tasks manually rather than letting Project assign them, you may have gaps between tasks. If this is the case, you will have to carefully examine your chart looking for ways to rearrange task order, start times, etc.
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Resource Allocation
When a resources working hours per day is exceeded, it is considered to be overallocated. For example, a laborer works 12 hours per day when their resource calendar only calls for 8 hours per day. Overallocation occurs most frequently when the same resource is assigned to non-linked tasks occurring simultaneously. View the Resource Management Toolbar Use the Resource Management toolbar to find overallocated resources: 1. From the menu, click on: VIEW TOOLBARS. 2. From the list, select: Resource Management. 3. Click on SHOW. 4. Click on CLOSE. Viewing Overallocated Resources 5. From the toolbar, click on the Resource Allocation View icon:
A window similar to the picture to the right appears. Overallocated resources are in red. 6. Click on the name of the resource that is overallocated. 7. From the toolbar, click on the Goto Overallocation icon: You can now tell which resources that are overallocated and the specific tasks they are assigned to. At this point the resource allocation can be changed. Reassigning Resources 1. Click on the name of the task whose resource is to be reassigned. 2. On the Resource Management toolbar, click on the Resource Assignment icon: 3. In the Resource Assignment window, click the overallocated resource. 4. In the Resource Assignment window, click on the REPLACE button. 5. In the Replace Resource window, click the resource that will replace the overallocated resource. 6. Click on OK, then click on CLOSE. To see the reassignment on the Gantt chart, click on the name of the resource you reassigned the task to in the Resource Name column. Returning to Task Entry View 1. On the Resource Management toolbar, click on the View Task Entry icon: 2. From the menu, click on: WINDOW REMOVE SPLIT
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Project Cost
Methods for reducing the cost of a project are nearly the exact opposite of the steps taken to shorten the duration of a project. You can reduce the cost of a project by: Shortening the schedule. Avoid overtime pay. Reduce the number of tasks or resources employed. To view tasks and their associated costs: 1. 2. From the menu, click on: From the menu, click on: VIEW GANTT CHART VIEW TABLE ______ - COST
A window similar to the one below will open. Note that your figures will not be the same as those shown here.
These costs will only be present if they were typed here by the user. This is a combination of Fixed costs and the cost of resources. This contains the expected costs prior to beginning the project. This is the Baseline cost subtracted from the Total Cost. The cost of the project at its current point of completion. The costs that are still to incur at the projects current state of completion.
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Creating a Baseline
A baseline is a snapshot of you project before actual work begins and changes are made to the schedule. You can then compare the actual project to the baseline. The baseline includes task start and finish dates, resources, and costs. 1. From the menu, click on: TOOLS TRACKING SAVE BASELINE. 2. Select the options: Save Baseline and Entire Project 3. Click on OK.
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Percent Complete: Marks the selected task(s) at the percent completed for the button chosen.
Update Resources: Updates the timesheet, then opens the Resource Update Options dialog box, which you use to select the resource work you want to update.
Update as Scheduled: Use this to mark highlighted tasks as 100% completed as they were scheduled. This will only affect tasks whose start/finish dates have already gone by compared to the Current date listed in: File Project Info Current Date.
Update Tasks Range: Opens the Update Tasks dialogue box and steps through all of your tasks or the selected tasks one at a time.
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Changing the Duration & Marking at 100% Complete Removal of Fixtures in row 17 took 3 hrs. instead of 2 hrs. as planned. The task is complete. This can be done in Table Entry View or Table Work View. 1. Display the Table Work view: VIEW TABLE WORK. 2. Change the Duration in row 17 to 3h. 3. Click on the 100% complete icon. Postponing the Starting Date Dispose of Debris was delayed by two days due to an earthquake that has closed all roads to the city dump. However, the task is now complete. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Click in row 19. Click on the Update Tasks icon on the Tracking Toolbar. In the Actual Start box, type in a date that is two days after the Current Start date. In the Percent Complete box, type in 100. Click on OK.
Extending the Finishing Date Placing the Concrete board took 3 days longer than expected so we wish to increase the finish date by 3 days. 1. Click in row 23. 2. Click on the Update Tasks icon on the Tracking Toolbar. 3. In the Actual Finish box, type in a date that is two days after the Current Finish date. (The task will be marked as 100% complete automatically.) Microsoft Project.doc May 21, 1997 26
Marking a task at 50% complete The final task, Replace Fixtures in row 28 is only 50% complete. 1. Click in row 28. 2. Click on the 50% complete icon.
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Reports
There are numerous reports available in Project, the can be viewed and printed. To access them: 1. From the menu, click on: VIEW REPORTS 2. Click a category and then click on SELECT 3. Click a report and then click SELECT 4. To Print, click on the PRINT button or to Close, click on the CLOSE button.
The remainder of this handout shows the different reports available. PROJECT OVERVIEW SUMMARY
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Costs - Budget
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