Status of Sewage Treatment in India

Central Pollution Control Board

November 2005

CONTRIBUTIONS
Guidance, Planning, and Principal Coordinators Dr. B. Sengupta, Member Secretary Mr. P. M. Ansari, Additional Director

Report preparation

Nazim uddin, Environmental Engineer

Monotoring of CETPs

CPCB Zonal Office, Bangalore CPCB Zonal Office, Bhopal CPCB Zonal Office, Lucknow CPCB Zonal Office, Varodara CPCB Zonal Office, Kolkata PAMS Division, CPCB Head Office, Delhi

Analysis of samples

CPCB Zonal Office Laboratory, Bangalore CPCB Zonal Office Laboratory, Bhopal CPCB Zonal Office Laboratory, Lucknow CPCB Zonal Office Laboratory, Varodara Wastewater, Laboratory CPCB Head Office, Delhi

FOREWORD
Pollution caused by sewage discharged from cities and towns is the primary cause for degradation of our water resources. A solution to this problem not only requires bridging the ever widening gap between sewage generation and treatment capacity (generation being 29000 million litre per day against the existing treatment capacity of 6000 million litre per day) but also calls for development of facilities to divert the treated sewage for use in irrigation to prevent nutrient pollution of water bodies, utilize the nutrient value of sewage in irrigation and bring down fresh water use in irrigation. The use of treated sewage in irrigation was emphasised in the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974; however, by and large, the State Governments have failed to recognize its importance during the last 30 years. It is a matter of grave concern that due attention is not paid to operation and maintenance of existing sewage treatment facilities by State Governments and , as a result, 45 of the 115 sewage treatment plants studied recently by Central Pollution Control Board failed to achieve the prescribed discharge standards.

This reports analyzes and presents in detail the gap between sewage generation and treatment capacity, the technologies used for sewage treatment in India, performance of 115 sewage plants studied by Central Pollution Control Board with plant-specific technical remarks and also discusses the efficacies of various treatment technologies. We hope the information contained in the report would be useful to all concerned.

(Dr. V. Rajagopalan) Chairman

CONTENTS
1. Introduction 2. Sewage genaration and existing treatment capacity 3. Treatment technologies in various sewage treatment plants 4. Performance evaluation of sewage treatment plants 5. Efficacy of STPs in improving bacteriological qualitty 6. Recommendations Tables Table A: Rise in urban population since 1901 Table B: Sewage generation and treatment capacity scenario in Class I cities and Class II towns Table C: State wise gap in sewage generation and installed treatment capacity in Class I cities Table D: State wise gap in sewage generation and installed treatment capacity in Class II towns Table E: Sewage treatment technologies employed in STPs of Class I cities Table F: Sewage treatment technologies employed in STPs of Class II towns Table G: State wise summary of performance status of STPs Table H: Raw sewage characterstics in 97 STPs studied by CPCB Annexure I Table 1: State wise summary of STPs in Class-I cities and Class-II towns Table 2: Sewage generation and treatment capacity in Class I cities having STPs Table 3: Sewage generation and treatment capacity in Class II towns having STPs Table 4: Sewage generation in Class I cities having no STP Table 5: Sewage generation in Class II towns having no STP 30 40 29 21 22 12 12 11 11 7 6 3 4 1 3 8 12 15 17

Table 4: Sewage treatment plants in small towns having <50000 population 50 Annexure II Data sheets of performance evaluation studies of STPs 51-97

1.
1.1

INTRODUCTION
The annual estimated precipitation, including snowfall, in India is 4000 billion cubic metres (bcm). The resources potential of the country in the form of annual natural run off in the rivers is about 1869 bcm, considering both surface and ground water as one system. However, owing mainly to uneven distribution of precipitation in time and space, the total water resources available for utilization, including ground water, is only about 1122 bcm.

1.2

The food requirement of the growing population will be about 450 million tons in 2050 as against the present highest food grain production of around 198 million tons. Two-third of this is obtained from irrigated food grain production areas. Thus, irrigation water requirements of the country are likely to exert tremendous pressure on our water resources in the future.

1.3

Power generation is another sector which exerts ever increasing pressure on our water resources as our major power plants are coal-based that consume significant quantity of water in their cooling systems. Our dependency on coal-based power plant will have to continue for long time. This entails an ever-increasing demand of water for power generation.

1.4

With the increasing population as well as all round development in the country, the competing demand for water for irrigation, domestic use and power generation sectors are exerting enormous pressure on our water resources as utilization of water has also been consequently increasing at a fast pace. In 1951, the actual utilization of surface and ground water was about 20% and 10%, respectively, of the utilizable potential. In 1997 - 1998, the utilization of surface and ground water increased to about 57.8% (329 bcm) and about 53.2% (230 bcm), respectively, of the utilizable potential. The precarious balance between growing demands and supplies brings forth the importance of recycling and reuse of water so that same water can be used for multiple uses one after the other thereby reducing demand for fresh supplies.

1.5

Disposal of about 29000 MLD domestic sewage from cities and towns is the biggest source of pollution of water bodies in India. A large number of rivers stretches are severely polluted as a result of discharge of domestic sewage. Treatment of domestic sewage and subsequent utilization of treated sewage for irrigation can prevent pollution of water bodies, reduce the demand for fresh water in irrigation sector and result in huge savings in terms of nutritional value of sewage in irrigation.

1.6

In spite of the urgencies of saving large number of river stretches from pollution and recycling treated sewage for reducing ever-increasing pressure on our water resources, sewage

treatment and reuse remains a widely neglected field in our country. It is primary responsibility of state governments to establish sewage treatment and disposal facilities. Owing to the gross neglect of state governments in this area, Government of India took initiative and financed many sewage treatment plants in cities along bank of rivers under various river action plans. Whatever sewage treatment capacity exists in our country today were mostly created under schemes financed by Government of India. There still remains a large gap in sewage generation and sewage treatment capacity. This gap is widening because urban population is increasing at a fast rate and state governments continue their neglect towards this issue.

1.7

The existing sewage treatment plants, most of which have been established under schemes financed by Government of India are to be operated by respective state governments. It is observed that the neglect towards sewage pollution control is also reflected in the operation of these sewage treatment facilities as a large number of plants are found operating at sub optimal efficiency during their random inspections by Central Pollution Control Board.

1.8

This report compiles information on sewage generation and existing sewage treatment capacity in all Class I cities (having more than hundred thousand population) and Class II towns (having fifty to hundred thousand population), presents basic information on 269 existing and proposed sewage treatment plants and presents individual performance evaluation reports of about 115 sewage treatment plants studied by Central Pollution Control Board.

2.
2.1

SEWAGE GENERATION AND EXISTING TREATMENT CAPACITY

In India, out of the total population of 1027 million in the year 2001, about 285 million live in urban areas. The percentage of urban population to the total population of the country, which in the year 1991 was 25.7 percent, stands at 27.8 percent in the year 2001. The percentage decadal growth of population in rural and urban areas during the decade 1991-2001 was 17.9 and 31.1 percent, respectively. Table A summarises the growth of urban population in the last 100 years. Table A Rise in urban population since 1901
Year 1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 Total 238,396,327 252,093,390 251,321,213 278,977,238 318,660,580 361,088,090 439,234,771 548,159,652 683,329,097 846,302,688 Rural 212,544,454 226,151,757 223,235,043 245,521,249 274,507,283 298,644,381 360,298,168 439,045,675 523,866,550 628,691,676 Urban 25,851,873 25,941,633 28,086,170 33,455,989 44,153,297 62,443,709 78,936,603 109,113,977 159,462,547 217,611,012 285,354,954 Urban, as % of total 10.84 10.29 11.18 11.99 13.86 17.29 17.97 19.91 23.34 25.71 27.78 Decadal % increase in urban population 0.35 8.3 19.1 32.0 41.4 26.4 38.2 46.1 36.5 31.1

2001 1,027,015,247 741,660,293 Data source: 1991 Census of India

2.2

Problem of pollution of water bodies and that of ground water is more related to cities and towns and their surroundings as pollution caused by villages and very small towns is either assimilated by or has negligible effect on the surrounding environment. However, there is possibility of bacteriological impacts on smaller communities that come in direct contact of sewage. In India, cities having more than hundred thousand population are classified as Class I cities and towns having fifty to hundred thousand population as Class II towns. This report assesses pollution caused by sewage generated from these two classes of cities/towns. According to the Census figure of 2001, the number of class I cities is 414 and class II towns is around 489.

2.3

There are 211 sewage treatment plants (STPs) in 112 of the 414 Class I cities and 31 STPs in 22 of the 489 Class II towns. Besides, 27 STPs are in 26 other smaller towns. Of these, 186, 24 and 21 STPs are operational and 25, 7 and 6 are under construction in Class I cities, Class II towns and other smaller towns, respectively. Thus, in all there are 269 STPs, including 231 operational and 38 under construction. A state wise summary of sewage treatment plants (STPs) in various classes of cities is given in Annexure I -Table 1.

2.4

All Class I cities and Class II towns together generate an estimated 29129 MLD sewage. Against this, installed sewage treatment capacity is only 6190 MLD. There remains a gap of 22939 MLD between sewage generation and installed capacity. In percentage this gap is 78.7% of the sewage generation. Another 1743 MLD (equal to 6%) capacity is under planning or construction stage. If this is also added to existing capacity, we are left with a 21196 MLD (equal to 72.7% of the sewage generation) gap in sewage treatment capacity that has not even planned yet. Summary status of sewage generation and treatment capacity is given in Table B and detailes are given in Annexure I-Table 2 to 5.

Table B Sewage generation and treatment capacity in Class I cities and Class II towns (Sewage generation estimated on the basis of 2001 population)
Sewage generation, MLD Installed sewage treatment capacity, MLD 4472 (In 29 cities) 485 (In 13 cities) 768 (In 34 cities) 322 (In 36 cities) 6047(23.1%) (In 112 cities) 200 (>143*) (4.8%) (In 22 towns) Capacity gap in cities having STPs, MLD (A) Sewage generation in cities having no STPs, MLD (B) 2896 2058 3235 3323 Total capacity gap, MLD (A+B) 9031 3351 4039 3696 20117 (76.9%) 2822 (95.2%) 22939 (78.7%) Planned treatment capacity, MLD 1549 123 4 32.5 1708.5 (6.5%) 34.1 (1.15%) 1742.6 (6.0%)

City category population

&

Number of cities

Class I cities having more than 10 lac population Class I cities having 5 to 10 lac population Class I cities having 2 to 5 lac population Class I cities having 1 to 2 lac population All the above Class I cities together Class II towns having 0.5 to 1 lac population

39 32 119 224

13503 3836 4807 4018 26164 (100%) 2965 (100%)

6135 1293 804 373

414

8605 (32.9%)

11512 (44%)

489

Nil

2822 (95.2%)

All Class I cities and 29129 893 6190 (21.3%) Class II towns (100%) Figures arrived at using data provided in Annexure I Tables 2 to 5 *Estimated sewage of the cities having STPs

8605 (29.5%)

14334 (49.2%)

2.5

Estimation of sewage generation is primarily based on 2001 census population, the average water supply figures for respective states as given in CPCBs status reports on Class I cities (CUPS/44/1999-2000) and Class II towns CUPS/49/1999-2000) and assuming sewage to be 80% of the water supply. In few cases estimation is based on 2001 census population and the sewage generation factors wherever given in these two reports. Capacity of the STPs have been taken form MIS Report of Programmes under NRCP-Volume-II, November, 2004 of Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India, as most of the STPs have been installed under various National River Action Plans of Govt. of India.

2.6

An estimated 14652 MLD sewage is generated from 112 Class I cities having STPs. The combined treatment capacity of the STPs in these Class I cities is 6047 MLD. Therefore, a capcity gap of 8605 MLD exists in 112 Class I cities having STPs.

2.7

An estimated 143 MLD sewage is generated from 22 Class II towns having STPs whereas the combined treatment capacity of the STPs in these 22 Class II towns is 234 MLD.

2.8

There remain 302 Class I cities and 467 Class II towns having no sewage treatment facilities. An estimated 11512 MLD sewage is generated from 302 Class I cities not having STPs and 2822 MLD sewage is generated from 467 Class II towns not having STPs.

2.9

State wise gap between sewage generation and treatment capacity for Class I cities and Class II towns are shown in Table C and Table D, respectively.

2.10

In case of Class I cities, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal have a sewage treatment capacity gap of more than 1000 MLD each, and may be considered the most lagging states. Among these, abnormally high gap of 5223 MLD in Maharashtra is mainly attributed to inclusion of Mumbai where sewage is mostly discharged into sea untreated or after primary treatment. These states are followed by Bihar, Delhi, Gujrat, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab and Tamil Nadu that have sewage treatment capacity gaps in 5001000 MLD range.

2.11 In case of Class II towns, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujrat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal have a sewage treatment capacity gap of more than 100 MLD each, and may be considered the most lagging states. Incidentally, except for Jharkhand, these are the same states that have sewage treatment capacity gap of more than 500 MLD each in case of Class I cities.

Table C State wise gap in sewage generation and installed treatment capacity in Class I cities (Sewage generation estimated on the basis of 2001 population)
Estimated Sewage generation, MLD 11.2 1245.5 295.1 863.5 349.4 310.1 135.5 (In 4 cities) 142.1 (In 1 city) 69.0 (In 1 city) 241.6 207.3 46.2 194.9 62.0 (In 9 cities) 515.4 Installed sewage treatment capacity, MLD Capacity gap Sewage in cities having generation in STPs, MLD cities having no (A) STPs, MLD (B) 11.2 668.1 295.1 486.4 Total Planned capacity sewage gap, MLD treatment (A+B) capacity, MLD 11.2 1183.5 295.1 728.0 207.3 241.1 22.7 592.0

State Andaman & Nicobar Islands Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chandigarh Chhattisgarh Dadra & Nagar Haveli Daman & Diu Delhi Goa Gujrat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu & Kashmir Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Lakshadeep Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Orissa Pondicherry Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Tripura Uttar Pradesh Uttaranchal West Bengal

Number of cities 1 46 0 4 19 1 7 0 0 1 0 23 20 1 2 7 28 7 0 23 40 1 1 1 1 8 2 13 17 0 26 1 52 3 58

2947.8 1780.8 440.4 25.2 142.6 438.5 1455.6 418.4 1089.7 5644.5 23.2 14.9 25.7 12.0 500.2 49.1 677.5 1173.3 968.7 21.2 2879.3 118.7 2241.5

2330.3 (In 1 city) 783.0 (In 5 cities) >240.1 (In 7 cities) >25.162 (In 1 city)

617.6 571.9 Nil Nil 142.6 438.5 425.9 200.3

617.6 997.8 200.3 0.0 142.6 438.5 1412.2 418.4 921.6 5222.7 23.2 14.9 25.7 12.0 446.9 49.1 677.5 1146.3 805.3 21.2 2084.3 100.7 1754.0 20117 22.8 1708.5 445.0 411.0 27.0 170.0 18.0

43.4 (In 11 cities) ? (In 1 city) 168.1 (In 7 cities) 421.8 (In 19 cities)

872.8 82.9 517.6 2166.9

539.3 335.5 404.0 3055.8 23.2 14.9 25.7 12.0

53.3 (In 3 cities) ? (In 2 cities) 27.0 (In 1 city) 163.4 (In 6 cities) 795.1 (In 14 cities) 18.0 (In 1 city) 487.6 (In 18 cities)

264.4 308.2 340.2 348.1 874.4 21.6 690.0 8605

182.5 49.1 369.3 806.1 457.2 21.2 1209.9 79.1 1063.9 11512

TOTAL 414 26164 6047 (In 112 cities) Figures arrived at using data provided in Tables 2, 3, 5 & 6 (Annexure I)

Table D State wise gap in sewage generation and installed treatment capacity in Class II towns (sewage generation estimated on the basis of 2001 population)
Estimated Sewage generation, MLD Capacity gap Sewage Total Planned Installed sewage in cities having generation in capacity sewage treatment capacity, STPs, MLD cities having no gap, treatment MLD* (A) STPs, MLD (B) MLD(A+B) capacity, MLD

State Andaman & Nicobar Islands Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chandigarh Chhattisgarh Dadra & Nagar Haveli Daman & Diu Delhi Goa Gujrat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu & Kashmir Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Lakshadeep Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Orissa Pondicherry Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Tripura Uttar Pradesh Uttaranchal

Number of cities 0 52 0 9 18 0 7 0 0 0 3 36 7 0 4 17 30 24 0 25 44 0 1 0 1 15 1 20 28 0 57 0 57 4

177.001

10.42 (>3.441) (In 1 city)

Nil

173.560

173.560

73.411 124.984 37.469 2.0 (In 1 city) 5.6

73.411 117.350 37.469

73.411 122.984 37.469

18.741 286.777 30.053 26.640 123.313 186.478 209.021 154.387 238.954

18.18 (>4.703) (In 1 city)

Nil

14.038 286.777 30.053 26.640 123.313

14.038 286.777 30.053 26.640 123.313 174.494 209.021 147.437 233.002

12.18 (>11.984) (In 2 cities)

Nil

174.494 209.021

9 (>6.95) (In 1 city) 29(>9.807) (In 2 cities)

Nil 2.9

147.437 229.002

6.540 8.801 97.875 8.325 208.252 139.197 29.3(>10.795) (In 3 cities) 4.5 (In 2 cities) 19.3(>12.654) (In 1city) Nil

6.540 8.801 97.875 8.325 188.952 139.197

6.540 8.801 97.875 8.325 188.952 139.197 23.500

202.879

Nil

192.084

192.084

379.100 39.617

0.9

373.728

374.600

8.110

6.3 (In 1 city) 4.4 28.876 33.287 59.4(>24.556) West Bengal 29 160.656 134.938 136.100 (In 6 cities) 200(>143*) TOTAL 489 2965 14** 2822 2836 (In 22 cities) Figures arrived at using data provided in Tables 2, 3, 5 & 6 (Annexure I) *Figures within parenthesis show estimated sewage of the concerned cities ** Gap pertains to few towns even though the combined capacity exceeds estimated sewage generation in the 21 towns

2.480 34.1

3.
3.1

TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN VARIOUS SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS

Technologies employed in various sewage treatment plants are mentioned in the lists of STPs in Table 2 and Table 3 of Annexure I. Based on the information available, an analysis of various treatment technologies employed in different sewage treatment plants is presented in Table E and Table F for Class I cities and Class II towns, respectively.

3.2

In Class I cities, Activated sludge process (ASP) is the most commonly employed technology, covering 59.5% of total installed capacity followed by Up flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) technology, covering 26% of total installed capacity. These two technologies are mostly used as the main treatment unit of a scheme including other primary or tertiary treatment units. A break up of various treatment schemes involving ASP or UASB as one of the units is also given in the tables. Series of Waste Stabilization Ponds (WSP) technology is also important as it is employed in 28% of the plants even though its combined capacity is only 5.6%.

3.3

In Class II towns, series of Waste Stabilization Ponds (WSP) technology is the most commonly employed technologies, covering 71.9% of total installed capacity and 72.4% of STPs, followed by Up flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) technology, covering 10.6% of total installed capacity and 10.3% of STPs. UASB technology is mostly used as the main treatment unit of a scheme including other primary and tertiary polishing units.

3.4

Activated sludge process (ASP) technology is the most suitable one for large cities because it requires less space as compared to other two technologies, namely, UASB technology and WSP technology, as both these technologies employ land intensive ponds in treatment schemes. In treatment schemes based on conventional version of ASP technology, both primary and secondary sludges are commonly treated in anaerobic sludge reactors. Thus, only excess sludge of anaerobic reactor to be wasted to sludge beds. This reduces the required area of sludge beds and also substantially reduces aeration cost of that organic portion of primary and secondary sludge that is treated anaerobically as compared to the Extended-Aeration version of ASP technology where primary settling tank and anaerobic sludge digester are generally omitted from treated scheme and whole secondary excess sludge is directly taken on to sludge beds. Biogas generated in anaerobic reactors is a resource and, if utilized, further reduces overall operational cost. However, compared to conventional ASP process, Extended-Aeration ASP process is expected to provide a better quality effluent because the process is operated in a substrate-limited condition and also because of better settling properties of mixed liquor. The secondary excess sludge is also well stabilized and has better drainability. Since, treatment scheme based on conventional

ASP process and anaerobic digester for primary and secondary sludge have proven successful in providing good quality effluent and possible energy recovery, there seems no wisdom in opting for operationally costly Extended Aeration version for such large installations. 3.5 Most of the treatment schemes using UASB technology include grit chamber as preliminary treatment unit and one-day retention time pond as the terminal polishing unit. Operationaly, this treatment scheme is one of the most economical ones, as it merely requires passing the sewage through treatment scheme, with an added advantage of biogas generation. Ideally, this makes UASB technology as the most suited for cities of all sizes. However, all anaerobic treatment processes including UASB technology are very sensitive to environmental changes. Intermittent feeding can greatly affect the performance of a UASB reactor, as the anaerobic bacteria are very sensitive to shock loading. This happens frequently at most of the places due to power cuts. Performance of polishing ponds, which is the terminal unit of the scheme, is also very crucial in deciding overall performance of the plant. Many polishing ponds have been found releasing TSS higher than an expected value of <30 mg/L due to reasons discussed in next chapter. The combined effect of above factors often results in a final effluent having BOD >20 or 30 mg/L. Inadequate operation of the plants based UASB+Polishing Pond technology is gradually leading to development of a bad impression about the technology itself, which otherwise is the most suitable option for sewage treatment in our country.

3.6

Inclusion of polishing pond in most of the scheme employing UASB technology has made this a less suitable scheme for large cities due to land scarcity. Alternative treatment schemes having UASB as one treatment unit have been adopted at two places. An 86 MLD STP has been set up at Ataldhara, Vadodara, Gujrat where UASB is the primary treatment unit of the scheme followed by an ASP unit. Another 126 MLD STP has been set up at Vasna, Ahmedabad, Gujrat where UASB is main treatment unit followed by coagulant-aided tertiary sedimentation. This plant has been found reducing BOD, COD and TSS from 155, 753 and 218 mg/L to 49, 149 and 38 mg/L, respectively. This STP needs to be studied in detail to assess the optimal efficiency of the treatment scheme in reducing BOD, COD, TSS and Fecal & Total Coliform and its suitability for large cities.

3.7

It is observed that higher percentage of inert suspended solids that enter UASB has a direct impact on steady state VSS to TSS ratio in the reactor and ash content to the tune of 60% are common in UASB reactor. This leaves us with only about 40% active biomass that actually plays role in treatment of incoming organic matter. Such a low VSS/TSS ratio may not have been considered while deciding the normally encoundered 8 hr hydraulic retention

time for UASB reactors. Therefore, proper operation of grit removal facility is very important to improve performance of UASB reactors. It may also be studied if higher hydraulic retention time of UASB reactors can compensate for this situation. Higher hydraulic retention time will also provide large settling area in UASB reactor that will result in more clarified effluent. A treatment scheme including screening, grit removal, UASB reactor with higher hydraulic retention time and coagulant aided tertiary sedimentation, if proven successful, may provide an excelent solution for sewage treatment in cities, both operational cost wise and for improving bacterial quality also.

3.8

Series of Waste Stabilization Ponds (WSP) technology is also one of the most economical ones operationally, as it merely requires passing the sewage through treatment scheme. However, unlike UASB technology, no resource in the form of biogas is recovered. The advantages of WSP technology over UASB technology are its less sensitive operation and greater improvement in bacteriological quality. Mostly employed configuration of WSP technology uses two parallel streams of at least three stages of ponds, the first stage being anaerobic ponds, the second stage being facultative pond and the third stage being maturation pond. Total hydraulic retention time of all ponds is normally kept 5 to 7 days. At few places two-stage or even single-stage oxidation ponds have also been used. At few other places series of ponds have been used with final ponds used as fishponds, which helps improve the quality of treated sewage in terms of nutrients also.

Table E Sewage treatment technologies employed in STPs of Class I cities

S. Technology No. 1 Activated sludge process (ASP) ...PST+ASP ASP-Ext. Aer. ASP-Ext. Aer.+ Ter. Sed. ...High rate ASP+Biofilter Aerated lagoon+fish pond Facultative lagoon + ASP ASP (sum of all the above processes) 2 3 4 5 Fluidized aerobic bio-reactor (attached growth) Trickling Filters or Biofilters UASB+Activated sludge process UASB Grit channel or PST+UASB+PP UASB+Sedimentation Grit channel or PST+UASB UASB (sum of all the above processes) 6 7 8 9 10 Waste Stabilization Ponds Oxidation Pond (single stage) Anaerobic digester + Trickling filter Karnal Technology ( for plantation) Only primary treatment Total 24 1 5 30 42 3 1 2 3 150 (100%) 16.0 0.7 3.3 20.0 28.0 2.0 0.7 1.3 2.0 1229.73 126.00 158.17 1513.90 327.53 69.00 4.45 12.46 84.00 5812.83 (100%) 21.2 2.2 2.7 26.0 5.6 1.2 0.1 0.2 1.4 51.2 126.0 31.6 50.5 7.8 23.0 4.5 6.2 28.0 42 3 7 1 3 1 57 5 6 1 28.0 2.0 4.7 0.7 2.0 0.7 38.0 3.3 4.0 0.7 3059.63 63.36 58.04 181.84 49.50 44.50 3456.87 66.00 192.62 86.00 52.6 1.1 1.0 3.1 0.9 0.8 59.5 1.1 3.3 1.5 72.8 21.1 8.3 181.8 16.5 44.5 60.6 13.2 32.1 86.0 No. plants of % age as Combined number capacity, MLD %age as Average capacity size, MLD

Table F Sewage treatment technologies employed in STPs of Class II towns

S. Technology No. 1 2 3 4 5 ASP (preceded by primary sedimentation) Grit channel or PST+UASB+PP Waste Stabilization Ponds Trickling Filters Karnal Technology ( for plantation) Total No. plants 1 3 21 2 2 29 (100%) of % age as Combined number capacity, MLD 3.4 10.3 72.4 6.9 6.9 12.5 23.83 161.26 16.68 10.13 224.4 (100%) %age as Average capacity size, MLD 5.6 10.6 71.9 7.4 4.5 12.5 7.9 7.7 8.3 5.1

4.
4.1

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS

Central Pollution Control Board has conducted performance evaluation of 115 sewage treatment plants. Based on these studies, operational performance of individual STPs along with technical remarks are presented in Annexure II.

4.2

Based on the performance evaluation studies carried out by Central Pollution Control Board, a state wise summary of performance status of STPs is given in Table G. Table G State wise summary of performance status of STPs
STPs that achieved general standards for discharge in surface waters* Bihar 3 3 Chandigarh 2 1 Chhattisgarh 3 2 Delhi 26 20 Gujrat 9 6 Haryana 7 2 Himachal Pradesh 5 5 Karnataka 4 2 Madhya Pradesh 2 1 Maharashtra 4 0 Punjab 4 4 Rajasthan 1 0 Uttar Pradesh 25 8 Uttaranchal 2 1 West Bengal 18 15 TOTAL 115 70 *BOD: 30 mg/L; TSS: 100 mg/L and COD: 250 mg/L State STPs studied by CPCB STPs did not achieve general standards 0 1 1 6 3 5 0 2 1 4 0 1 17 1 3 45

4.3

Based on the analysis of 106 raw sewage samples, average sewage characterstics in terms of main parameters BOD, COD and TSS have been found 185.5 mg/L, 481 mg/L and 328 mg/L, respectively. Average COD to average BOD ratio is 2.6. A more detailed analysis of these results is presented in Table H. Table H Raw sewage characteristics in 115 STPs studied by CPCB
BOD, mg/L Range 0-50 50-100 100-150 150-200 200-250 250-300 300-500 500-1000 No. of samples in the range 7 28 20 22 15 4 5 6 Range 0-100 100-200 200-300 300-400 400-500 500-600 600-700 700-800 800-1200 >2000 COD, mg/L No. of samples in the range 3 14 12 19 16 15 12 9 5 1 Range 0-100 100-200 200-300 300-400 400-500 500-600 600-700 700-1000 900-1200 2000-2300 TSS, mg/L No. of samples in the range 11 33 23 12 12 6 3 4 1 2

Average: 185.5 and SD: 175

Average: 481 and SD: 343

Average: 328 and SD: 329

4.4

It is seen that BOD of raw sewage lies between 50-250 mg/L in nearly eighty six percent observations, COD of raw sewage lies between 100-700 mg/L in nearly eighty three percent observations and TSS of raw sewage lies between 100-500 mg/L in nearly eighty five percent observations.

4.5

Of the 115 STPs studied, capacity utilization has been reported in 80 cases. It is observed that average capacity utilization is only 72.2 %.

4.6

In 47 STPs employing Activated Sludge Process and having secondary clarifier as the terminal treatment unit, TSS has been found less than 30 mg/L in 26 cases, 30-50 mg/L in 6 cases and >50 mg/L in 15 cases. Thus, it is possible to achieve TSS value less than 30 mg/L in final clarified effluent of biological processes.

4.7

In 47 STPs employing Activated Sludge Process with no tertiary treatment, BOD has been found less than 20 mg/L in 28 cases, 20-30 mg/L in 7 cases, 30-50 mg/L in 7 cases and 50100 mg/L in 5 cases. In most of the cases where BOD exceeded 20 mg/L, TSS also exceeded 30 mg/L. From this and the observation given in section 4.6, it can be inferred that Primary Settling + Activated Sludge (PST+ASP) technology can provide treated effluent having BOD<20 mg/L and TSS< 30 mg/L

4.8

In 41 STPs employing Up flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) technology or Waste Stabilization Pond (WSP) technology and having ponds as the terminal treatment units, TSS has been found less than 30 mg/L in 9 cases, 30-50 mg/L in 11 cases, 50-100 mg/L in 13 cases and >100 mg/L in 8 cases. This indicates that in spite of a larger settling area available in ponds as compared to secondary clarifiers, fewer percentage of ponds are able to provide effluent having TSS less than 30 mg/L. Most obvious reasons behind this discrepancy appear to be excessive algal growth due to stagnation and high weir loading. Efficiency of ponds in terms of effluent TSS can be improved by preventing excessive algal growth, which generally occur when effluent remain stagnant in ponds, and providing adequate effluent structures with sufficient weir length and baffle preceding the effluent weir to arrest floating matter. With these precautions/ improvements, ponds are also expected to provide effluent having TSS <30 mg/L.

4.9

In 18 STPs employing UASB+Polishing Pond technology, BOD has been found less than 20 mg/L in 3 cases, 20-30 mg/L in 3 cases, 30-50 mg/L in 7 cases, 50-100 mg/L in 3 cases and >100 mg/L in 2 cases. In most of the cases where BOD exceeded 20 mg/L, TSS also exceeded 30 mg/L.

4.10 In 23 STPs employing series of Waste Stabilization Pond technology, BOD has been found less than 20 mg/L in 12cases, 20-30 mg/L in 2 cases, 30-50 mg/L in 6 cases, 50-100 mg/L in 2 cases and >100 mg/L in 1 case. In most of the cases where BOD exceeded 20-mg/L limit, TSS also exceeded 30-mg/L limit.

4.11 Importance of preventing excessive algal growth in ponds and improvement in outlet structures of ponds has been emphasised in section 4.8, 4.9 and 4.10 above. Cleaning of accumulated sludge from ponds after recommended 6 month / 1 year period is the other most important factor in operation of STPs based on Up flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) technology having ponds as the terminal treatment units or series of Waste Stabilization Pond (WSP) technology. Other important factors for improving overall efficiency of the UASB reactors are:

i) ii) iii)

Uniform and continuous feeding of raw sewage Maintaining recommended VSS concentration in UASB reactor Proper removal of grit and wasting excess sludge from suitable pockets/levels of reactor to maintain good VSS/TSS ratio

4.12 Most of the of STPs in India employ any one of the three technologies, namely, Primary settling followed by Activated Sludge Process (PST+ASP), Up flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket + Polishing Pond (UASB+PP) and series of Waste Stabilization Pond (WSP). The first technology has been found capable of providing final effluent having BOD<20 mg/L and TSS< 30 mg/L. The other two technologies are also expected to provide final effluent of this quality provided the STPs based on these technologies are operated properly. This standard is already made applicable to STPs in Delhi. An effluent conforming to this quality in terms of BOD and TSS will also easily conform to COD value<100 mg/L, as the average COD/BOD ratio of 115 treated sewage samples is found 3.3 . Gujrat State Pollution Control Board has already stipulated 20 mg/L, 100 mg/L and 30 mg/L limits for BOD, COD and TSS, respectively for treated sewage quality.

5.
5.1

EFFICACY OF STPs IN IMPROVING BACTERIOLOGICAL QUALITY

Central Pollution Control Board analyzed in 2004 performance data of a large number of STPs employing different technologies for assessing their efficacy in improving bacterial quality so as to determine norms for permissible coliform level in treated sewage in Delhi and the process required for achieving the same keeping in view techno-economic feasibility. A large data comprising of 319 observations on 85 STPs was collected for the purpose but only those 44 observations were considered for evaluation of performance of STPs in terms of coliform reduction where STPs were found operating between 90% to 110% capacity utilization.

5.2

Analyzed data indicated that Fecal Coliforms levels in sewage treated with Oxidation Pond technology were 7 x 104, 3.1 x 105, 5 x 105 and 2.3 x 106. Geometric mean of these 4 values is 3.97 x 105 . FC levels in sewage treated with UASB + Polishing Pond technology were 4.9 x 104, 2 x 105, 2.8 x 105, 3.5 x 105, 4.2 x 105, 6 x 105, 7 x 105, 2.1 x 106, 3.6 x 106, 4 x 106, 1.9 x 107, 1.98 x 107 and 6.3 x 107. Geometric mean of these 13 values is 1.45 x 106 FC levels in sewage treated with ASP technology were 1.1 x 105, 7.1 x 105, 1 x 106, 1 x 106, 1 x 106, 1.3 x 106, 2.9 x 106, 3 x 106, 7.2 x 106, 1.1 x 107, 2.2 x 107 and 2.5 x 107 . Geometric mean of these 12 values is 2.41 x 106 .

And FC levels in sewage treated with two stage bio-filtration technology followed by UV disinfection were 180, 1080, 2.17 x 104, 2.06 x 105, 7 x 105, 1.1 x 106, 5.9 x 106 2.1 x 107 and 2.9 x 107. Geometric mean of these 9 values is 2.375 x 105 .Frequent disfunctioning of UV unit in the STPs employing this technology was the reason behind the observed high levels of Fecal Coliforms.

5.3

It was found that Waste Stabilization Pond (WSP) and UASB+Polishing Ponds technologies provided fecal coliform reduction to a level of >99%. From field studies it is observed that there is further scope of increasing of coliform removal efficiency in the Waste Stabilization Pond (WSP) and UASB+Polishing Ponds technologies by way of improved outlet structures and modifications in flow regimes of Polishing Ponds. Efficiency of ponds in terms of effluent TSS and, as a result, effluent coliform can be improved by providing adequate effluent structures with sufficient weir length and baffle preceding the effluent weir to arrest floating matter.

5.4

CPCB observed that less than 50% of the entire sewage of Delhi is being collected and treated. Therefore to achieve the maximum removal of pollution load with the funds available, it was recommended to make arrangements for treatment of the entire sewage up to secondary level to achieve BOD<20 mg/l and SS<30 mg/l on priority basis rather than treating part of sewage to tertiary level to achieve BOD,10 mg/L, TSS<15 mg/L and FC<2500 MPN/100 ml while leaving significant part of sewage untreated. Afterwards, when secondary treatment facility for at least 90 % of sewage is installed, all STPs need to be augmented with tertiary treatment facilities for removal of FC to a standard 2500 MPN/100 ml so that the main objective of maintaining quality of Yamuna River may be fulfilled. A similar approach needs to be adopted at other places also.

5.5

It was also recommended to utilize treated sewage, as much as possible, for irrigation of trees or crops not eaten raw, for which no FC limit is prescribed as treatment of entire sewage to the required FC level of 2500 MPN/100 ml will be very expensive.

5.6

CPCB has also proposed to carry out experimental studies on treated sewage in Delhi to investigate effectiveness of following suggested tertiary treatment technologies required for augmentation of STPs based on ASP and Trickling Filter (TF) technologies to achieve the suggested FC standards of 2500 MPN/100ml for discharge into Yamuna or for utilization sports fields and public park.

A: Chemicals aided flocculation and tertiary sedimentation B: Chemicals aided flocculation and tertiary sedimentation + Granular media (Sand) filtration C: Chemicals aided flocculation and tertiary sedimentation + Chlorination D: Chemicals aided flocculation and tertiary sedimentation + Granular media (Sand) filtration + Chlorination

6.

RECOMMENDATIONS
6.1 The estimated sewage generation from Class I cities and Class II towns (as per 2001 census) is 29129 MLD, which is expected to be 33212 MLD at present assuming 30% decadal growth in urban population. Against this, there exist STPs having 6190 MLD capacity while another 1743 MLD capacity is being added. Thus, the existing treatment capacity is just 18.6 % of present sewage generation and another 5.2 % capacity is being added. However, the actual capacity utilization of STPs is only 72.2% and as such only 13.5 % of the sewage is treated. This clearly indicates dismal position of sewage treatment, which is the main cause of pollution of rivers and lakes. To improve the water quality of rivers and lakes, there is an urgent need to increase sewage treatment capacity and its optimum utilization.

6.2

State Governments should realize the problem of pollution of water bodies and pay attention to their liability to set up sewage treatment plants in cities and towns to prevent this pollution. This activity requires to be recognized as one of the most important indicators of overall development of the States. If not realized urgently, this problem is fast going to magnify to an unmanageable level.

6.3

Utilization of conventionally treated sewage for irrigation of crops not eaten raw is also equally important i) to save fresh water considering our diminishing water resources, ii) to prevent nutrient pollution of our water bodies and iii) to utilize nutrient value of sewage in irrigation. Importance of utilization of treated sewage in irrigation was emphasized in Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974, i.e. more than thirty years back but this issue continues to be largely neglected by State Governments. Therefore, State Governments are required to take up sewage diversion and utilization schemes as an integral part of all sewage treatment schemes. Sewage diversion schemes should adopt at least 25-30 years plan period for design.

6.4

Considering the widening gap between sewage generation and treatment capacity, state governments are required to prepare a very thoughtful action plan to fill this gap in a minimum time frame. Large cities where pollution problem is more severe, cities/towns responsible for pollution of critically polluted stretches of rivers, and cities/towns polluting environmentally sensitive water bodies will be required to be taken up on priority basis in first phase. Continuous upgrading of capacity with rise in population in cities/town taken in first phase will also be required along with implementation of next phases.

6.5

Treatment schemes based on primary sedimentaion followed by activated-sludge-process with anaerobic sludge digester and sludge drying beds for anaerobic sludge is quit suitable

scheme for large cities where land availability is a problem. However, the plant at Vasna, Ahmedabad based on anaerobic-sludge-blanket reactor followed by coagulant aided tertiary sedimentation needs to be studied in detail for assessing its optimal efficiency, as this scheme also require less land and may be suitable for large cities. This scheme is most likely to be operationally economical as compared to the scheme based on activated-sludgeprocess in vogue. Moreover, better bacteriological quality may be achieved with the help of coagulants in tertiary sedimentation.

6.6

Operation and maintenance of existing plants and sewage pumping stations is also a very neglected field, as nearly 39% plants are not conforming to the general standards prescribed under the Environmental (Protection) Rules for discharge into streams. STPs are usually run by personals that do not have adequate knowledge of running the STPs and know only operation of pumps and motors. The operational parameters are not regularly analyzed hence the day-to-day variation in performance is not evaluated at most of the STPs. Thus, there is a need that persons having adequate knowledge and trained to operate the STPs be engaged to manage STPs and an expert be engaged to visit the STPs at least once a month and advice for improvement of its performance. In a number of cities, the existing treatment capcity remains underutilized while a lot of sewage is discharged without treatment in the same city. Auxiliary power back-up facility is required at all the intermediate (IPS) & main pumping stations (MPS) of all the STPs.

6.7

In treatment schemes employing activated-sludge-process, plant operators must recognize the importance of using Solids Retention Time (SRT) as a plant control parameter because treatment efficiency, sludge production, oxygen requirements and nutrients requirements are all dependent on SRT. Moreover, SRT being the ratio of total suspended solids in the system and that wasted per day, it is most simple to operate plants on the basis of SRT. Operation of a conventional activated-sludge-process near 5 day SRT is recommended, as it will provide sufficient safety factor. If a plant based on conventional activated-sludge-process receives low strength sewage than it was designed for, then operator has a choice to either operate the plant at higher than 5 day SRT, or he may opt for energy saving by operating fewer aeraters provided mixing requirements of the plant are still fulfilled. But all this maneouring requires a basic knowledge of intricacies of aerobic biological treatment, which an operator must be equipped with. It is also necessary to recognize the importance of return flow and waste sludge flow measurement, in addition to influent flow measurement, as without this it is difficult to have proper control on plant operation and it is not possible to use SRT as a plant control parameter.

6.8

Treatment schemes based on grit removal followed by up-flow-anaerobic-sludge-blanket reactor followed by polishing pond is a siuitable technology for all medium and small size cities/towns where required land can be made available. The operation of these plants is somewhat sensitive. Continuous uniform feeding to the plant, proper removal of grit, maintainence of design VSS concentration and VSS/TSS ratio in UASB reactor, cleaning accumulated sludge from polishing pond after a year time, avoiding stagnation of water in ponds to prevent excessive algal growth and providing proper wier length and baffle in the outlet structure of polishing pond, are the most important factors for successful operation of such plants therefore these factors must not be ignored. Biogas generated in reactors must be utilized; if arrangements for utilization of biogas are not available they must be installed immediately.

6.9

Treatment scheme based on series of Waste Stabilization Ponds (WSP) technology is quit rugged, one of the most economical ones and suitable for small towns where sufficient land is easily available. Multiple stage ponds (at least three) with first pond as anaerobic one is the most widely used and suitable configuration. Continuous uniform feeding to the plant, cleaning accumulated sludge from ponds after suitable intervals (prefrebly less than 6 month for primary anaerobic pond and once a year for subsequent ponds), avoiding stagnation of water in ponds to prevent excessive algal growth, providing proper wier length and baffle in the outlet structure of pond and not allowing hycinth growth are the most important factors for successful operation of such plants therefore these factors must not be ignored.

6.10 As mentioned in section 6.2 and 6.3 above, the first emphasis should be given to development of 100% treatment capacity upto secondary level of treatment and diversion of treated sewage for its utilization in irrigation of crops not eaten raw. Improvement in bacterial quality of remaining sewage to be used for irrigation of sports fields and public parks or that has to be discharge into water bodies due to unavoidable circumstances is the next area of concern. This will require augmentation of treatment plants with tertiary treatment units, such as coagulent-aided tertiary sedimentation and chlorination etc.

6.11 Six STPs in Shimla and one STP in Chandigarh have tertiary sedimentation unit after activated sludge process. These plants need to be studied in detail with different combinations of lime and alum dozing and also with additional chlorine dozing to assess efficacy of this scheme in providing coliform reduction to the desired FC level of 2500 MPN/100 mL for utilization of treated sewage in sports field and public parks or where sewage has to discharged in streams providing negligible/insufficient dilution.

6.12 Considering the urgency of preventing pollution of our water bodies and preserving our precious water resources, sewage treatment and reutilization of treated sewage need to be accorded higher priority.

ANNEXURE I Table 1 State wise summary of STPs in Class-I cities and Class-II towns
Class-I cities State Andaman & Nicobar Islands Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chandigarh Chhattisgarh Dadra & Nagar Haveli Daman & Diu Delhi Goa Gujrat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu & Kashmir Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Lakshadeep Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Orissa Pondicherry Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Tripura Uttar Pradesh Uttaranchal West Bengal TOTAL Class-II cities Smaller towns having STPs having No. of Towns STPs STPs 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 3 0 2 1 6 22 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 3 0 5 2 8 31 1 1 having No. of STPs

Total no. Cities having No. of Total no. Towns of cities STPs STPs of towns STPs 1 46 0 4 19 1 7 0 0 1 0 23 20 1 2 7 28 7 0 23 40 1 1 1 1 8 2 13 17 0 26 1 52 3 58 414 0 9 0 0 4 1 1 0 0 1 0 5 7 1 0 0 11 1 0 7 19 0 0 0 0 3 0 2 1 0 6 0 14 1 18 112 0 15 0 0 7 4 3 0 0 30 0 10 12 6 0 0 14 1 0 12 21 0 0 0 0 3 0 4 2 0 10 0 28 1 28 211 0 52 0 9 18 0 7 0 0 0 3 36 7 0 4 17 30 24 0 25 44 0 1 0 1 15 1 20 28 0 57 0 57 4 29 489

3 1 2 1

3 1 2 1

1 4

1 4

1 2 2 3 26

1 2 3 3 27

Remarks: Figures arrived at from Census2001data, MIS-Nov04 report and 1995 Class-I cities questionaire survey

Table 2 Sewage generation and treatment capacity in Class I cities having STPs
S.N. City/Town and STP Andhra Pradesh City-20+ 1 Hyderabad M.Corp I II III IV V 2 3 4 5 6 Vijayawada City-5+ Guntur City-2+ Nellore Rajahmundry Ramagundam I II III 7 8 9 Tirupati City-1+ Eluru Tenali Bihar City-10+ 10 Patna I Kermallichak II Saidpur (28+17) III Beur (20+15) IV Pahari City-2+ 11 12 13 Bhagalpur (M.Corp) City-1+ Munger Chapra Chandigarh City-5+ 14 Chandigarh Mohali(Diggiyan) Mohali(Diggiyan) Raipur Khurd Raipur Kalan Chhatisgarh City-5+ 15 Bhilai Nagar Kutelabhata vill. Risali village Bhilai House 553837 208 115.198 46.00 14.00 9.00 1965 1965 1965 OP OP OP Seonath River Mahanadi 808796 432 349.400 68.19 68.19 5.68 22.73 2004 2005 Pre-95 ASP ASP UASB+PP Ghaggar ASP+Tertiary For Irrigation For Irrigation NMB 187311 178835 181 181 33.903 32.369 13.50 2.00 1988 1988 AL+FP WSP Ganga River Ghaghara River Ganga Ganga 340349 181 61.603 11.00 1988 AL+FP Ganga River Ganga 1376950 181 249.228 4.00 45.00 35.00 25.00 1988 1985 1985 1988 WSP ASP ASP AL+FP Punpun, Ganga Ganga 189772 149839 87 87 16.510 13.036 Pre-95 Pre-95 Godavari delta Krishna delta NMB NMB 227657 87 19.806 378947 313347 235540 87 87 87 32.968 27.261 20.492 14.00 4.00 14.00 2003 2003 2004 Pre-95 WSP WSP WSP Kalyani River NMB 30.04 Pre-95 2004 Pennar River Godavari River Godavari River Pennar Godavari Godavari 514707 124 63.824 Pre-95 Krishna River Krishna 825436 101 83.369 3449878 87 300.139 339.00 172.00 21.00 30.00 30.00 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 Pre-95 Krishna River Krishna Musi River Krishna Population Sewage Sewage Capacity , generation generatio of STP, 2001 factor* n, MLD MLD** Year of Technology Treated sewage STPs River basin of STP disposal*** comm.

S.N. City/Town and STP Delhi * City-100+ 16 Delhi Mun Corp (U) Coronation Piallar10-I Coronation Piallar10-II Coronation Piallar 20-II Delhi Gate 2.2 ...Ghitorni 5 ...Keshopur 12 ...Keshopur 20 ...Keshopur 40 ...Kondli 10-I ...Kondli 25-II ...Kondli 10-II Mehrauli 5 Najafgarh 5 ...Nilothi 40 ...Narela 10 Okhla 12 Okhla 16 Okhla 30 Okhla 37 Okhla 45 Pappankalan 20 Rithal 40-O Rithal 40-N ...Rohini 15 ...Sen N.H. 2.2 Timarpur 6 Yamuna Vihar 10-I Yamuna Vihar 10-II Vasant Kunj 2.2 Vasant Kunj 3 Gujarat City-20+ 17 Ahmedabad I Pirana Vasna 18 Surat Anjana Bhatar Singanapur City-10+ 19 Vadodara Ataladara Tarsali Gajarwadi

Population Sewage Sewage Capacity , generation generatio of STP, 2001 factor* n, MLD MLD**

Year of Technology Treated sewage STPs River basin of STP disposal*** comm.

10453394 282

2947.849 45.46 45.46 90.92 10.00 22.73 54.55 90.92 181.84 45.46 113.65 45.46 22.73 22.73 181.84 45.46 54.55 72.73 136.38 168.20 204.57 90.92 181.84 181.84 68.19 10.00 27.27 45.46 45.46 10.00 13.63 ASP TF ASP HR Biofilter ASP ASP ASP ASP ASP ASP ASP ASP-ExAer. ASP ASP ASP ASP ASP ASP ASP ASP ASP ASP HR ASP+ Biofilter ASP HR Biofilter WSP ASP ASP ASP ASP-Ext. Aer.

Yamuna River

Ganga

3515361

181

636.280 106.00 126.00 2003 2004 1996 2000 2003 UASB+FL UASB+CL

Sabarmati / Khari

Sabarmati

2433787

138

335.863 82.50 120.00 100.00 ASP ASP ASP Mithikhadi Koyalikhadi Tapi

Tapi

1306035

138

180.233 86.00 52.00 66.00 2002 2001 2003 UASB+ASP ASP ASP

Kansa, Vishwamitri Dhadhar

S.N. City/Town and STP 20 21 Rajkot City-1+ Gandhinagar Haryana City-10+ 22 Faridabad I II III City-2+ 23 Panipat I II 24 25 Sonipat Karnal I II City-1+ 26 Yamunanagar I II 27 28 Gurgaon Palwal Himachal Pradesh City-1+ 29 Shimla Snowdon Dhalli Summer Hill Lalpani Maliyana North Disposal Karnataka City-20+ 30 Bangalore ...Medwala K.C.Valley Hebbal V.Valley City-5+ 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 Mysore City-2+ Davanagere Bellary Shimoga Tumkur Bijapur Raichur

Population Sewage , generation 2001 factor* 966642 138 195891 353

Sewage generatio n, MLD 133.397 69.150

Capacity of STP, MLD** 44.50

Year of Technology Treated sewage STPs River basin of STP disposal*** comm. 1994 FL+ASP Aji River NMB Pre-95 Sabarmati River Sabarmati

1054981

112

118.158 20.00 45.00 50.00 2000 2000 2000 UASB+PP UASB+PP UASB+PP

Yamuna River

Ganga

261665

102

26.690 10.00 35.00 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 UASB+PP UASB+PP UASB+PP UASB+PP WSP

Ganga

216213 210476

98 136

21.189 28.625

30.00 40.00 8.00

Ganga Ganga

189587

98

18.580 10.00 25.00 2002 2002 2000 2003 UASB+PP UASB+PP UASB+PP WSP Yamuna River W. Yamuna Canal Ganga W. Yamuna Canal Ganga Ganga Ganga

173542 100528

98 98

17.007 9.852

30.00 9.00

142161

177

25.162 1.35 0.76 3.93 19.35 4.44 5.80 ASP(Ext.Aer+ Tertiary Sed) -do-do-do-do-do-

Sutlej River

Indus

4292223

126

540.820 UASB ASP ASP Bio-filter

Ponnaiyar River

NMB

742261 363780 317000 274105 248592 245946 205634

150 126 126 126 126 126 126

111.339 45.836 39.942 34.537 31.323 30.989 25.910 18.16 19.45

Pre-95 2001 Pre-95 2003 Pre-95 Pre-95 Pre-95 WSP WSP

Kabbani River Tungabhadra Tungabhadra Tunga River Shimsa River Talekta Stream Krishna River

Kaveri Krishna Krishna Krishna Kaveri Krishna Krishna

S.N. City/Town and STP City-1+ 38 39 40 Hospet Bhadravati Hassan Kerala City-10+ 41 Kochi Madhya Pradesh City-10+ 42 43 Indore Bhopal South T.T. Nagar Bherkheda City-5+ 44 45 Gwalior City-2+ Ujjain I II City-1+ 46 Burhanpur I II II 47 48 Bhind Vidisha Maharashtra City-20+ 49 50 51 52 Pune Nagpur City-10+ Thane (54 or 36) Kalyan-Dombivali Kalyan Dombivali 53 Nashik Nasik Triambak 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 Pimpri Chinchwad City-5+ Aurangabad Solapur Bhiwandi City-2+

Population Sewage Sewage Capacity , generation generatio of STP, 2001 factor* n, MLD MLD** 163284 160392 117386 126 126 126 20.574 20.209 14.791 5.83

Year of Technology Treated sewage STPs River basin of STP disposal*** comm. Pre-95 2001 Pre-95 WSP Tungabhadra Bhadra River Hemavati Krishna Krishna Kaveri

596473

139

82.910

Pre-95

Perriyar River

Coastal

1597441 1433875

133 178

212.460 255.230

90.00 4.55 9.09 8.00

2005 1959 1959 99/UC Pre-95

UASB

Khan, Shipra

Ganga Ganga

An. Dig.+ TF Lake (Shahpura) Bio-filter (TF) For Irrigation WSP Vaishali River Shipra River Ganga Ganga

826919 429933

138 115

114.115 49.442 52.00 3.46

2001 2001

WSP Karnal Tapi River Tapi

194360

115

22.351 6.00 2.00 2.00 2005 ? ? Pre-95 9.00 2004 Karnal WSP FAB FAB

153768 125457

115 115

17.683 14.428

Ganga Betwa River Ganga

2540069 2051320 1261517 1193266

192 172 172 172

487.693 352.827 216.981 205.242

110.00 45.46 36.00 24.00 14.00

Pre-95 ASP Pre-95 Primary 1978 1978 1985 2003 2003 UASB ASP ASP

Mula&Mutha/Bhima Maur River Thane Creek Ulhas Godavari NMB/Coastal NMB/Coastal

1076967

172

185.238 78.00 22.00 UASB+FP UASB ASP Pre-95 Primary+OP Primary ASP 2004 2000

Godavari River

Godavari

1006417 872667 873037 598703

172 172 172 172 172 172 172 172

173.104 150.099 150.162 102.977 75.102 74.063 63.396 52.882

16.00 2.50 54.00 8.00 23.82 26.0/8.9 18.9 2.00

Mallamukta Godavari Sina, Bhima River Kamwadi/Ulhas Krishna NMB Krishna Godavari Tapi Godavari

Sangli-Miraj & Kupwad 436639 Nanded-Waghala Jalgaon Ahmadnagar 430598 368579 307455

Primary+OP Krishna River WSP/Primary Godavari River Girna River Sina, Bhima

Pre-95 OP Pre-95 Primary

S.N. City/Town and STP 62 63 64 65 66 67 Latur City-1+ Kolhapur Ulhasnagar Ambarnath Bhusawal Panvel Orissa City-5+ 68 69 70 Bhubaneswar Cuttack City-1+ Puri Punjab City-10+ 71 Ludhiana Bhattian Balloke Jamalpur City-5+ 72 Jalandhar Rajasthan City-20+ 73 Jaipur Jalmahal Jaisinghpur Khoh Tamil Nadu City-20+ 74 Chennai I II III City-5+ 75 Tiruchirappalli I II City-2+ 76 77 78 79 Tirunelveli Thanjavur City-1+ Kancheepuram Erode I II Uttar Pradesh City-20+ 80 Kanpur I II (Jajmau)

Population Sewage , generation 2001 factor* 299828 172 485183 472943 203795 172366 104031 172 172 172 172 172

Sewage generatio n, MLD 51.570 83.451 81.346 35.053 29.647 17.893

Capacity of STP, MLD** 12.87 29.00 28.00 12.00

Year of Technology Treated sewage STPs River basin of STP disposal*** comm. Pre-95 OP Manjeera River Godavari Primary+TF Primary Primary Pre-95 Primary Bharathi River Ulhas Ulhas Tapi Krishna NMB NMB Tapi Coastal

1.7

647302 535139 157610

286 193 186

185.128 103.282 29.315 33.00 20.30

Pre-95 2003 2004 WSP

Kuakhai/Kathjodi Mahanadi River Coastal

Mahanadi Mahanadi Coastal

1395053

147

205.073 111.00 152.00 48.00 04/UC 04/UC 2005 04/UC UASB+PP UASB+PP UASB+PP UASB+PP

Sutlaj River

Indus

701223

147

103.080

100.00

Sutlaj River

Indus

2324319

158

367.242 27.00 27.00 1979 2005 ASP Ext.Aer. Lake

Ganga

4216268

81

341.518 Pre-95 60.00 110.00 2005 2005

Adiyar/Coom

Coasta

746062

81

60.431 58.00 28.00 2004 2003 2004 2004 Pre-95 20.00 5.17 2004 2003 WSP UASB WSP WSP

Kaveri

Kaveri

411298 215725 152984 151184

164 81 81 81

67.453 17.474 12.392 12.246

24.20 28.05

Tambirpani Noyyal Pallar+Cheyyar Kaveri

NMB Kaveri NMB Kaveri

2532138

134

339.306 36.00 130.00 1989 1989 UASB ASP

Ganga River

Ganga

S.N. City/Town and STP III (Jajmau) (Experimental) 81 Lucknow I II City-10+ 82 Agra Dhandupura Peela Khar Burhi ka Nagla 83 Varanasi Bhagwanpur(8or12) Dinapur DLW 84 Allahabad I II City-5+ 85 Ghaziabad I Cis Hindon II Trans Hindon City-2+ 86 87 88 Saharanpur Muzaffarnagar Mathura Bangalighat dairy farm Masani 89 Noida I II III Farrukhabad-cumFatehgarh Etawah I II City-1+ 93 Sultanpur Uttaranchal City-1+ 94 Hardwar West Bengal City-20+ 95 Kolkata ..G.Reach (79 or 47.5) ...S.Sub-E ...Cos.Chit (63.9 or 45)

Population Sewage Sewage Capacity , generation generatio of STP, 2001 factor* n, MLD MLD** 5.00 0.07 2207340 134 295.784 42.00 375.00 1259979 168 211.676 78.00 10.00 2.25 1100748 170 187.127 12.00 80.00 12.00 37.00 990298 210 207.963 60.00 29.00 968521 134 129.782 70.00 56.00 452925 316452 298827 134 183 134 60.692 57.911 40.043 14.5 12.5 293908 134 39.384 34.00 27.00 9.00 227876 211460 134 134 134 30.535 28.336 27.505 14.00 4.00 100085 134 13.411 6.40 3.96 10.45 38.00 32.00

Year of Technology Treated sewage STPs River basin of STP disposal*** comm. 1989 UASB 2006 Gomti River 2003 2007 Yamuna River 2002 2001 2001 1988 1994 1985 2004 Ganga River 1987 2005 Hindon River 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 2001 1999 1988 2001 1988 04/Pro 1998 Gomti River Ganga WSP UASB+PP UASB+PP UASB+PP UASB+PP WSP WSP WSP Yamuna River UASB+PP UASB+PP WSP Ganga River Yamuna River Ganga River Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Hindon River Kali (W) River Yamuna River Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga ASP Ganga UASB+PP WSP WSP Ganga River ASP+TF ASP ASP Ganga Ganga FAB Ganga

90 91 92

Mirzapur-cum-Vindhy. 205264

175010

226

39.552

18.00

1993

ASP

Ganga River

Ganga

4580544

135

618.373 79.00 30.00 63.90 1987 1987 1987 ASP WSP ASP

Ganga River

Ganga

S.N. City/Town and STP City-10+ 96 97 Haora City-2+ Bhatpara B-Old (Jagaddal) B-New (Jagaddal) E (Madrail) 98 99 Maheshtala Panihati (16.5or12)

Population Sewage Sewage Capacity , generation generatio of STP, 2001 factor* n, MLD MLD** 1008704 441956 135 135 136.175 59.664 10.00 8.50 10.00 389214 348379 261575 135 135 135 135 135 135 52.544 47.031 35.313 33.833 26.724 21.892 18.16 4.54 135 135 21.623 19.485 5.90 1.00 10.90 4.35 124198 135 16.767 14.1 4.54 4.5 116252 108231 105944 104453 103232 135 135 135 135 135 135 15.694 15.530 14.611 14.302 14.101 13.936 3.00 10.00 2.00 6.00 2.80 12.00 8.00 144331 3.93 16.50 45.00 44.50 18.90 63.90

Year of Technology Treated sewage STPs River basin of STP disposal*** comm. 1987 TF Ganga River Ganga River 1987 1988 1987 2003 1988 1988 1987 1988 1987 1987 1987 2003 2003 2003 2003 1988 ASP ASP WSP WSP WSP WSP TF TF TF WSP WSP WSP WSP WSP WSP Irrig, Pissicult, Khal Ganga WSP WSP ASP 2003 1988 2005 2005 2006 2005 WSP WSP Ganga River Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Beel Ganga Ganga Irrig, Pissic, Canal Ganga Irrig, Pissic, Ganga Ganga Ganga Pissic+Ganga River Ganga Ganga River Ganga Ganga Ganga

100 Bally (45or30) City-1+ 102 Serampore 103 Chandannagar I II

101 Baranagar (44.5 or40) 250615 197955 162166

104 Baharampur (8 or 3.7) 160168 105 Barrackpur I II III IV 106 Titagarh Bandipur Titagarh Titagarh 107 Khardaha 109 Baidyabati 110 Bhadreswar 111 Bansberia 112 Champdani 108 Nabadwip (10 or 4.5?) 115036

Total

14652

7756****

ASP: Primary Sedimentation+Activated Sludge Process, UASB: Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor+Polishing pond, WSP: Waste Stabilization Ponds, TF: Primary Sedimentation+Trickling filter *Figures in italics are based on average water supply of state, other on sewage generation factor **Capacities shown in bold are for the planned/under construction STPs *** Shaded river stretches are already identified as most polluted stretches **** Installed capacity: 6047 MLD + Proposed capacity: 1709 MLD

Table 3 Sewage generation and treatment capacity in Class II towns having STPs
S.N. Population Sewage City/Town and STP , generation 2001 factor* Andhra Pradesh Mancherial 70231 49 I II Bihar Buxar 82975 92 Goa Panaji 58785 80 I II Karnataka Kollegal 52450 94 Harihar 75042 94 Madhya Pradesh Nagda 96525 72 Maharashtra Karad 56149 106 Wani 52814 73 Punjab Kapurthala 84361 150 Phagwara 95626 150 North side South side Tamil Nadu Karur 76328 55 Mayiladuthurai 84290 44 Kumara-palayam 65640 44 Uttar Pradesh Bijnor 79368 96 I II III Vrindavan 56618 96 Pagal Baba Kali Deh Uttaranchal Rishikesh 59671 180 Swargashram Lakkadghat West Bengal Katwa 71573 86 Konnagar 72211 86 Gayespur 55028 86 I II Kalyani 81984 86 I II Garulia 76309 86 Budge Budge 75465 86 Sewage generation, MLD 3.441 6.46 3.96 7.634 4.703 5.68 12.50 4.930 7.054 6.950 5.952 3.855 12.654 14.344 3.34 8.84 9.00 28.00 1.00 19.30 20.00 3.50 4.198 3.709 2.888 7.619 4.32 2.66 1.13 5.435 4.00 0.50 10.741 0.33 6.00 6.155 6.210 4.732 2.30 22.00 6.00 6.50 7.051 11.00 6.00 7.90 0.18 1987 1987 2003 2005 TF WSP WSP WSP 1988 1988 2005 2003 2003 2003 UASB+PP WSP WSP WSP WSP WSP Irrig, Ganga 2000 2000 WSP WSP WSP WSP KARNAL Yamuna Ganga 15.00 8.30 6.00 2004 2004 2001 2004 2004 2002 TF ASP WSP WSP KARNAL WSP OP WSP UASB UASB WSP WSP 2.00 2001 2001 WSP WSP WSP Capacity of STP, MLD** Year of Technology STPs of STP comm. Treated sewage disposal*** River basin

2 3

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Tungabhadra Krishna Chambal Krishna Ganga Krishna

2003 2006 2006 2004 2004 ?

11 12 13 14

15

16

17 18 19

20

21 22

6.563 6.490

Total

143.308

233.7****

ASP: Primary Sedimentation+Activated Sludge Process, UASB: Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor+Polishing pond, WSP: Waste Stabilization Ponds, TF: Primary Sedimentation+Trickling filter *Figures in italics are based on average water supply of state, other on sewage generation factor **Capacities shown in bold are for the planned/under construction STPs *** Shaded river stretches are already identified as most polluted stretches **** Installed capacity: 199.61 MLD + Proposed capacity: 34.09 MLD

Table 4 Sewage generation in Class I cities having no STP

S.No. City Andaman & Nicobar Islands City-1+ 1 Port Blair Andhra Pradesh UA-10+ 2 Visakhapatnam City-5+ 3 Warangal City-2+ 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Kukatpalle Kakinada Nizamabad Kurnool L.B. Nagar Gajuwaka Quthbullapur Anantapur Secunderabad Karimnagar City-1+ 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Machilipatnam Malkajgiri Vizianagaram Proddatur Kapra Khammam Adoni Chittoor Nandyal Serilingampalle Ongole Rajendranagar Bheemavaram Mahbubnagar Cuddapah Hindupur Uppal Kalan Guntakal Gudivada Nalgonda Srikakulam Adilabad Alwal 183370 175000 174324 164932 159176 158022 155969 152966 151771 150525 149589 143184 137327 130849 125725 125056 118259 117403 112245 110651 109666 108233 106424 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 15.770 15.050 14.992 14.184 13.689 13.590 13.413 13.155 13.052 12.945 12.865 12.314 11.810 11.253 10.812 10.755 10.170 10.097 9.653 9.516 9.431 9.308 9.152 Nagavati River Penganga River Penneru River Krishna Delta Penneru Krishna Krishna NMB Godavari Penneru River Penneru River Godavari delta Godavari Krishna Penneru Penneru Kunderu River Pennar Muneru Tungabhadra River Godavari Krishna Konada stream Penneru River NMB Penneru Krishna Delta Krishna 290591 289920 286956 267739 261987 258944 225816 220951 204182 203819 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 24.991 24.933 24.678 23.026 22.531 22.269 19.420 19.002 17.560 17.528 Penneru River Musi River Maner River Penneru Krishna Godavari Musi/Manjira Godavari delta Manjira River Tungabhadra River Krishna/ Godavari Godavari Godavari Krishna 528570 132.2 69.877 Maner River Godavari 969608 90.4 87.653 Coastal Coastal 100186 112 11.221 Population Per capita Total sewage, Treated sewage sewage, l/d * MLD disposal ** River basin

S.No. City 37 38 Dharmavaram Tadepalligudem Assam City-5+ 39 Guwahati City-1+ 40 41 42 Silchar Dibrugarh Nagaon Bihar City-2+ 43 44 45 46 47 Gaya Muzaffarpur Darbhanga Bihar Arrah City-1+ 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 Katihar Purnia Sasaram Dinapur Nizamat Saharsa Hajipur Dehri Bettiah Siwan Motihari Chhatisgarh City-5+ 58 Raipur City-2+ 59 60 61 Korba Bilaspur Durg City-1+ 62 63 Rajnandgaon Raigarh Gujarat City-5+ 64 Bhavnagar City-2+ 65 Jamnagar City-1+ 66 Nadiad

Population 103400 102303

Per capita Total sewage, Treated sewage sewage, l/d * MLD disposal ** 86 86 8.892 8.798 Chitravati River Godavari delta

River basin Penneru Godavari

808021

250

202.005

Bharlu/ Brahmaputra

Brahmaputr a NMB

142393 122523 107471

250 250 250

35.598 30.631 26.868 Brahmaputra River Kalong River

Brahmaputr a

383197 305465 266834 231972 203395

181 181 181 181 181

69.359 55.289 48.297 41.987 36.814

Phangun River Ganga River Ghughri River Phangun River Son River

Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga

175169 171235 131042 130339 124015 119276 119007 116692 108172 101506

181 181 181 181 181 181 181 181 181 181

31.706 30.994 23.719 23.591 22.447 21.589 21.540 21.121 19.579 18.373 Gurhi gandak River Simrahi Stream Great Gandak River Son river Gurhi gandak River Chandrabhaga River

Ganga Ganga Ganga

Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga

605131

115

69.590

Kharoon River

Mahanadi

315695 265178 231182

115 125.1 115

36.305 33.174 26.586

Hasdeo River Arpa/Son River Seonath River

Mahanadi Mahanadi Mahanadi

143727 110987

115 115

16.529 12.764

Seonath River

Mahanadi Mahanadi

510958

138

70.512

Kalubhar River

NMB

447734

138

61.787

Nagamathi River

NMB

192799

138

26.606

Shedi River

Sabarmati

S.No. City 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 Junagadh Surendranagar Dudhrej Bharuch Veraval Navsari Porbandar Anand Godhra Vejalpur Patan Palanpur Ghatlodiya Jetpur Navagadh Botad Kalol Haryana City-2+ 82 83 Rohtak Hisar City-1+ 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 Bhiwani Sirsa Panchkula Urban Estate Ambala Jind Thanesar Bahadurgarh Kaithal Ambala Sadar Jagadhri Rewari Jammu & Kashmir City-5+ 95 Srinagar City-2+ 96 Jammu Jharkhand UA-10+ 97 98 Jamshedpur Dhanbad City-5+ 99 Ranchi

Population 168686 156417 148391 141207 134009 133083 130462 121852 113304 112038 110383 106259 104311 100059 100021

Per capita Total sewage, Treated sewage sewage, l/d * MLD disposal ** 138 138 138 138 142.7 138 138 138 138 138 138 138 203.9 138 138 23.279 21.586 20.478 19.487 19.123 18.365 18.004 16.816 15.636 15.461 15.233 14.664 21.269 13.808 13.803 Bhadar Meshri/Panam River Purna River Narmada River Ozat River

River basin NMB/Sabar mati NMB/Sabar mati Narmada Coastal NMB/Coast al Coastal Sabarmati Mahi Mahi NMB

Sabarmati NMB NMB Sabarmati

286773 256810

98 98

28.104 25.167

Ganga Ganga

169424 160129 140992 139222 136089 120072 119839 117226 106378 101300 100946

103.6 103.7 117.4 127.4 98 98 98 98 98 98 98

17.552 16.605 16.552 17.737 13.337 11.767 11.744 11.488 10.425 9.927 9.893 Yamuna River Ghaggar

Ganga Ganga Indus Indus/Ghag gar Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Indus/Ghag gar Ganga Ganga

894940

112

100.229

Jhelum River

Indus

378431

112

42.384

Tawi River

Indus

570349 198963

181 181

103.233 36.012

Subarnrekha River Damodar River

Subarnrekh a Ganga Subarnrekh a

846454

181

153.208

Subarnrekha River

S.No. City City-2+ 100 Bokaro Steel City City-1+ 101 102 103 Mango Hazaribag Adityapur Karnataka City-5+ 104 Hubli-Dharwad City-2+ 105 106 107 108 109 Gulbarga Belgaum Mangalore Dasarahalli Bommanahalli City-1+ 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 Krishnarajapura Byatarayanapura Bidar Gadag-Betigeri Robertson Pet Mahadevapura Mandya Chitradurga Kolar Udupi Chikmagalur Kerala City-5+ 121 Trivandrum City-2+ 122 123 124 Kozhikode Kollam Thrissur City-1+ 125 126 Alappuzha Palakkad Madhya Pradesh UA-10+ 127 Jabalpur City-2+ 128 129 130 Sagar Dewas Satna

Population

Per capita Total sewage, Treated sewage sewage, l/d * MLD disposal ** 181 71.345 Damodar River

River basin

394173

Ganga

166091 127243 119221

181 181 181

30.062 23.031 21.579 Damodar River Ganga

786018

126

99.038

Malprabha River

Krishna

427929 399600 398745 263636 201220

126 126 204.9 126 126

53.919 50.350 81.703 33.218 25.354

Benxithona river Markendya River Nethravati

Krishna Krishna NMB/Coast al

187453 180931 172298 154849 141294 135597 131211 122594 113299 113039 101022

126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126

23.619 22.797 21.710 19.511 17.803 17.085 16.533 15.447 14.276 14.243 12.729

Ponnayar

NMB

Manjira River Malprabha River Ponnayar

Godavari Krishna NMB

Shimsa River Vedavati River Palar + Cheyyar Swarna River Yagachi, Hemavati

Kaveri Krishna NMB NMB/Coast al Kaveri

744739

152.7

113.722

Karmana River

NMB/Coast al Coastal Coastal

436527 361441 317474

139 139 214.5

60.677 50.240 68.098

177079 130736

139 139

24.614 18.172

Coastal NMB

951469

115

109.419

Narmada River

Narmada

232321 230658 225468

115 115 115

26.717 26.526 25.929

Dhasan River Cchoti Kali Sindh Tons River

Ganga Ganga Ganga

S.No. City 131 Ratlam City-1+ 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 Murwara (Katni) Singrauli Rewa Khandwa Morena Shivpuri Guna Chhindwara Mandsaur Damoh Neemuch Maharashtra UA-100+ 143 Greater Mumbai 1.2 km marine outfall Colaba-40 mld 3.7 km marine outfall Worli-360 mld

Population 221267

Per capita Total sewage, Treated sewage sewage, l/d * MLD disposal ** 115 25.446 Malini River

River basin Mahi

186738 185580 183232 171976 150890 146859 137132 122309 116483 112160 107496

115 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 135.5 125.4 115

21.475 21.342 21.072 19.777 17.352 16.889 15.770 14.066 15.783 14.065 12.362 Gopad, Sone River Baichaiya, Tons Cchota Tawa River Kunwari River Sindh River Sindh River Wainganga River Chambal River Sonar, Bearma River Chambal River

Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Godavari Ganga Ganga Ganga

11914398 Zone-1 Zone-2

181.3

2160.080 S. East coast/Harbour West coast / Arabian sea West coast / Arabian sea Malad creek Malad creek Thane creek

3.7 km marine outfall Bandra-400 mld Zone-3 Versova (lagoons)-110 mld Malad-110 mld Bhandup (lagoon)-140 mld Ghatkopar (lagoon)-90 mld UA-10+ City-5+ 144 145 146 Navi Mumbai Amravati Mira-Bhayandar City-2+ 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 Malegaon Akola Dhule Chandrapur Parbhani Ichalkaranji Jalna City-1+ 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 Nala Sopara Bid Yavatmal Gondiya Virar Navghar-Manikpur Wardha Satara 184664 138091 122906 120878 118945 116700 111070 108043 172 172 172 172 172 172 172 172 31.762 23.752 21.140 20.791 20.459 20.072 19.104 18.583 409190 399978 341473 297612 259170 257572 235529 172 172 172 172 172 172 172 70.381 68.796 58.733 51.189 44.577 44.302 40.511 703947 549370 520301 172 172 172 121.079 94.492 89.492 Zone-4 Zone-5 Zone-6 Zone-7

Coastal Purna River Pedhi Tapi

Girna River Morna River Panjhara River Godavari Purna River Bharthi River Purna River

Tapi Tapi Tapi Godavari Godavari Krishna Godavari

NMB Bindusara River Penganga River Waingana River Taharpur stream Godavari Godavari Godavari NMB

Wardha River Satara stream

Godavari Krishna

S.No. City 162 163 Achalpur Barshi Manipur City-2+ 164 Imphal Meghalaya City-1+ 165 Shillong Mizoram City-2+ 166 Aizawl Nagaland City-1+ 167 Dimapur Orissa City-2+ 168 169 170 Brahmapur Raurkela Raurkela Ind. Township City-1+ 171 172 Sambalpur Baleshwar Pondicherry * City-2+ 173 174 Pondicherry Ozhukarai Punjab UA-10+ 175 Amritsar City-2+ 176 177 Patiala Bathinda City-1+ 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 Pathankot Hoshiarpur Batala Moga Abohar S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali) Malerkotla Khanna Rajasthan City-5+ 186 Jodhpur

Population 107304 104786

Per capita Total sewage, Treated sewage sewage, l/d * MLD disposal ** 172 172 18.456 18.023 Chandrabhaga River Sina, Bhima river

River basin Tapi Krishna

217275

107

23.248

NMB

132876

112

14.882

Umkhara, Kalang

Brahmaputr a

229714

112

25.728

NMB

107382

112

12.027

Dhansiri River

Brahmaputr a

289724 224601 206566

186 186 186

53.889 41.776 38.421

Rushikulya Delta Brahmani river Brahmani river

NMB Brahmani Brahmani

154164 106032

186 186

28.675 19.722

Mahanadi River Burha Balang River

Mahanadi NMB

220749 217623

112 112

24.723 24.374

Arian Kuppam River Pannaiyar Delta

Coastal NMB

975695

147

143.427

Indus

302870 217389

147 147

44.522 31.956

Ghaggar

NMB Indus

159559 148243 126646 124624 124303 123284 106802 103059

147 147 147 147 147 147 147 147

23.455 21.792 18.617 18.320 18.273 18.123 15.700 15.150

Beas River

Indus Indus Indus Indus Indus Indus Indus Indus

846408

158

133.732

NMB

S.No. City 187 188 Kota Bikaner City-2+ 189 190 191 192 193 194 Ajmer Udaipur Bhilwara Alwar Ganganagar Bharatpur City-1+ 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 Pali Sikar Tonk Hanumangarh Beawar Kishangarh Jhunjhunun Tamil Nadu UA-10+ 202 203 Coimbatore Madurai City-5+ 204 Salem City-2+ 205 206 207 208 209 210 Tiruppur Ambattur Avadi Thoothukkudi Tiruvottiyur Nagercoil City-1+ 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 Dindigul Vellore Cuddalore Alandur Pallavaram Kumbakonam Tambaram Tiruvannamalai Neyveli Rajapalayam Pudukkottai Tripura (City-1+) 222 Agartala

Population 695899 529007

Per capita Total sewage, Treated sewage sewage, l/d * MLD disposal ** 208.4 158 145.025 83.583 Chambal River

River basin Ganga NMB

485197 389317 280185 260245 210788 204456

158 158 158 158 158 158

76.661 61.512 44.269 41.119 33.305 32.304 Banas/Berach River Banas River

NMB Mahi Ganga Ganga Indus Ganga

187571 184904 135663 129654 123701 116156 100476

158 158 158 158 158 158 158

29.636 29.215 21.435 20.485 19.545 18.353 15.875 Banas River Ghaggar

NMB NMB Ganga NMB NMB NMB Ganga

923085 922913

81 81

74.770 74.756

Noyyal River Vaigai River

Kaveri NMB

693236

81

56.152

Kaveri River

Kaveri

346551 302492 230913 216058 211768 208149

81 81 81 81 81 81

28.071 24.502 18.704 17.501 17.153 16.860

Noyyal River Adiyar/Coom Adiyar/Coom

Kaveri NMB NMB Coastal NMB/Coast al NMB

Nagari River

196619 177413 158569 146154 143984 140021 137609 130301 128133 121982 108947

81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81

15.926 14.370 12.844 11.838 11.663 11.342 11.146 10.554 10.379 9.881 8.825

Amravati River Pallar Ponnayar Delta Adiyar/Coom Adiyar/Coom Kaveri River Adiyar/Coom

Kaveri NMB Coastal NMB NMB Kaveri NMB NMB

Veppar Delta Veppar River Thanjavur

NMB NMB Kaveri

189327

112

21.205

Titas River

S.No. City Uttar Pradesh UA-10+ 223 Meerut City-5+ 224 225 226 227 Bareilly Aligarh Moradabad Gorakhpur City-2+ 228 229 230 231 232 233 Jhansi Shahjahanpur Rampur Firozabad Hapur Maunath Bhanjan City-1+ 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 Sambhal Bulandshahr Rae Bareli Bahraich Amroha Jaunpur Sitapur Fatehpur Budaun Faizabad Unnao Orai Banda Pilibhit Hathras Gonda Loni Lakhimpur Modinagar Hardoi Lalitpur Etah Basti Azamgarh Deoria Chandausi Ballia Uttaranchal City-2+

Population

Per capita Total sewage, Treated sewage sewage, l/d * MLD disposal **

River basin

1074229

134

143.947

Kali (E) River

Ganga

699839 667732 641240 624570

134 134 134 134

93.778 89.476 85.926 83.692

Ramganga River Karwan River Ramganga River Haldi, Rapti River

Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga

383248 297932 281549 278801 211987 210071

134 134 134 134 134 134

51.355 39.923 37.728 37.359 28.406 28.150

Betwa River Deoha River Kosi River Yamuna River Kali (E) River Cchoti Saryu River

Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga

182930 176256 169285 168376 164890 159996 151827 151757 148138 144924 144917 139444 134822 124082 123243 122164 120659 120566 112918 112474 111810 107098 106985 104943 104222 103757 102226

134 134 134 134 134 134 134 134 134 134 134 134 134 134 134 134 134 134 134 134 134 147.8 134 134 134 134 176.1

24.513 23.618 22.684 22.562 22.095 21.439 20.345 20.335 19.850 19.420 19.419 18.685 18.066 16.627 16.515 16.370 16.168 16.156 15.131 15.072 14.983 15.829 14.336 14.062 13.966 13.903 18.002

Badaun stream Kali (E) River Sai River Ghaghara River Badaun stream Gomti River Sarangan River Yamuna/Ganga Badaun stream Ghaghara River Ganga River Yamuna River Ken River Deoha River Karwan River Ghaghara River

Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga

Ghaghara River Kali (E) River Sai River Betwa River Sirsa River Ghaghara River Cchoti Saryu River Lttle Gandak Badaun stream Ganga River

Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga

S.No. City 261 Dehradun City-1+ 262 Haldwani-Kathgodam West Bengal UA-10+ 263 Asansol City-2+ 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 Durgapur Siliguri South Dumdum Rajpur Sonarpur Kamarhati Kulti Barddhaman Rajarhat Gopalpur Barasat North Dumdum Naihati Kharagpur Uluberia City-1+ 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 Haldia Hugli-Chinsurah Bidhan Nagar Raiganj English Bazar Madhyamgram Medinipur Uttarpara Kotrung Krishnanagar Santipur Balurghat Jamuria Bankura Habra Kanchrapara Halisahar North Barrackpur Raniganj Puruliya Rishra Basirhat Ashoknagar Kalyangarh Darjiling

Population 447808

Per capita Total sewage, Treated sewage sewage, l/d * MLD disposal ** 138.1 61.842 Ganga River

River basin Ganga

129140

134

17.305

Ramganga River

Ganga

486304

135

65.651

Damodar River

Ganga

492996 470275 392150 336390 314334 290057 285871 271781 231515 220032 215432 207984 202095

135 135 135 135 135 135 135 135 135 135 135 135 135

66.554 63.487 52.940 45.413 42.435 39.158 38.593 36.690 31.255 29.704 29.083 28.078 27.283

Damodar River Mahananda River Ganga River Ganga River Ganga River Damodar River Damodar River

Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga

Bidyadhari River Ganga River Ganga River Kosai River Ganga River

Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga

170695 170201 167848 165222 161448 155503 153349 150204 139070 138195 135516 129456 128811 127695 126118 124479 123523 122891 113766 113259 113120 111475 107530

143.5 135 135 135 135 135 135 135 135 135 135 135 135 135 135 135 135 135 135 135 135 135 135

24.495 22.977 22.659 22.305 21.795 20.993 20.702 20.278 18.774 18.656 18.295 17.477 17.389 17.239 17.026 16.805 16.676 16.590 15.358 15.290 15.271 15.049 14.517

Ganga River Mahananda River

Ganga Ganga Ganga

Mahananda River

Ganga

Sunti Kosai River Ganga Ganga Jalangi River Ganga River Padma River Damodar River Roopnarayan River Ganga Delta Ganga River Ganga River Ganga River Damodar River Haldi River Ganga River Ganga River Ganga River Tista River Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Ganga Brahmaputr a

S.No. City 300 301 302 Bangaon Dumdum Jalpaiguri

Population 102115 101319 100212

Per capita Total sewage, Treated sewage sewage, l/d * MLD disposal ** 135 135 135 13.786 13.678 13.529 Tista River

River basin Ganga Ganga Brahmaputr a

Total

11512 MLD

*Figures in italics are based on average water supply of state, other on sewage generation factor ** Shaded river stretches are already identified as most polluted stretches

Table 5 Sewage generation in Class II towns having no STP

S.No. City Andhra Pradesh 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 Kaghaznagar Mandamarri Bellampalle Nirmal Rayadurg Kadiri Tadpatri Srikalahasti Madanapalle Chinnachowk Rayachoti Tuni Pitapuram Amalapuram Samalkota Sattenapalle Vinukonda Ponnur Mangalagiri Bapatla Chilakaluripet Narasaraopet Koratla Sirsilla Jagtial Palwancha Kothagudem Nuzvid Kallur Yemmiganur Wanaparthi Gadwal Ramachandrapuram Sangareddy Siddipet Miryalguda Suryapet Gudur Kavali Kamareddy Bodhan Kandukur Markapur Chirala Gaddi annaram Tandur Anakapalle 59549 66176 66660 74017 54127 76261 86641 70876 97964 64053 72196 50217 50301 50889 53402 51350 52589 56504 59443 68103 89888 95002 54021 65016 89438 68561 79727 50338 52880 76428 50262 51428 52586 56691 61650 90247 94797 69303 78351 64222 71355 50084 58454 85455 53622 57943 84523 49 51 49 49 49 49 49 77 73 49 50 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 60 71 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 2.918 3.375 3.266 3.627 2.652 3.737 4.245 5.457 7.151 3.139 3.610 2.461 2.465 2.494 2.617 2.516 2.577 2.769 2.913 3.337 4.405 4.655 2.647 3.186 4.382 3.359 3.907 2.467 2.591 3.745 2.463 2.520 2.577 2.778 3.021 4.422 5.688 4.921 3.839 3.147 3.496 2.454 2.864 4.187 2.627 2.839 4.142 Nagavalli River Population Per capita Total sewage, Treated sewage disposal ** sewage, l/d * MLD

S.No. City 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 Bobbili Palacole Narsapur Tanuku Assam Bongaigaon Dhubri Jorhat Diphu Karimganj North Lakhimpur Sibsagar Tezpur Tinsukia Bihar Araria Aurangabad Begusarai Gopalganj Jamui Jehanabad Kishanganj Lakhisarai Madhubani Jamalpur Nawada Bagaha Phulwari Sharif Mokameh Samastipur Sitamarhi Supaul Chhatisgarh Jagdalpur Dhamtari Dalli-Rajhara Bhilai Charoda Chirmiri Bhatapara Ambikapur Goa Margao Mormugao Gujarat Viramgam Dholka Chandlodiya Ranip Savarkundla Amreli

Population 50140 57171 58508 66779 60550 63965 66450 52062 52316 54262 54482 58240 85519 60594 79351 93378 54418 66752 81723 85494 77840 66285 96659 82291 91383 53166 56400 55590 56769 54020 73687 82099 50615 87170 91312 50080 65999 78393 97085 53095 53792 56135 87573 73695 90243

Per capita Total sewage, Treated sewage disposal ** sewage, l/d * MLD 49 2.457 58 66 49 134 134 134 134 134 134 134 134 134 92 92 92 92 92 92 112 92 92 92 92 92 92 142 92 115 92 91 72 72 72 72 72 72 80 80 124 120 120 120 120 120 3.316 3.862 3.272 8.114 8.571 8.904 6.976 7.010 7.271 7.301 7.804 11.460 5.575 7.300 8.591 5.006 6.141 7.519 9.575 7.161 6.098 8.893 7.571 8.407 4.891 8.009 5.114 6.528 4.970 6.706 5.911 3.644 6.276 6.574 3.606 4.752 6.271 7.767 6.584 6.455 6.736 10.509 8.843 10.829

S.No. City 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 Petlad Borsad Khambhat Deesa Anklesvar Palitana Mahuva Dohad Chandkheda Una Mangrol Keshod Unjha Kadi Visnagar Mahesana Bilimora Vijalpor Sidhpur Upleta Dhoraji Gondal Modasa Himatnagar Bardoli Wadhwan Dhrangadhra Dabhoi Valsad Vapi Haryana 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 Ambala Cantt. Tohana Fatehabad Hansi Narwana Narnaul Mandi Dabwali Jammu & Kashmir Anantnag Sopore Baramula Udhampur Jharkhand Phusro Chas Deoghar Katras Tisra Sindri

Population 51153 56541 80439 83340 67952 51934 70633 79185 55477 51260 55094 63253 53868 56241 65826 98987 51087 53912 53581 55341 80807 95991 54056 58267 51963 61739 70653 54930 68825 71395

Per capita Total sewage, Treated sewage disposal ** sewage, l/d * MLD 120 6.138 120 136 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 179 141 120 6.785 10.940 10.001 8.154 6.232 8.476 9.502 6.657 6.151 6.611 7.590 6.464 6.749 7.899 11.878 6.130 6.469 6.430 6.641 9.697 11.519 6.487 6.992 6.236 7.409 8.478 9.832 9.704 8.567 Amalkhadi/ Kolak/ Par Damanganga/ Bhadar River Ambica River Amlakhadi River

61625 51518 59863 75730 50659 62091 53812 63437 53246 61941 59236 83463 96923 98372 51182 53547 76827

72 72 72 74 72 72 72 112 112 112 112 92 92 92 92 92 92

4.437 3.709 4.310 5.604 3.647 4.471 3.874 7.105 5.964 6.937 6.634 7.679 8.917 9.050 4.709 4.926 7.068

S.No. City 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 Jharia Jorapokhar Bhuli Giridih Ramgarh Cantonment Saunda Jhumri Tilaiya Daltonganj Chaibasa Bagbera Sahibganj Karnataka Ilkal Jamkhandi Rabkavi Banhatti Bagalkot Yelahanka Pattanagere Channapatna Rama-nagaram Dod Ballapur Nipani Gokak Basavakalyan Chamrajnagar Shahabad Yadgir Haveri Ranibennur Chik Ballapur Chintamani Koppal Gangawati Sindhnur Sagar Sira Tiptur Dandeli Sirsi Karwar Kerala Kayamkulam Thrippunithura Kalamassery Edathala Kannur Taliparamba

Population 81979 85218 89584 98569 73455 85037 69444 71307 63615 67100 80129 51956 57887 70242 91596 93263 95769 63561 79365 71509 58061 67166 58742 60810 50587 58802 55900 89594 54938 65456 56145 93249 61292 50115 50056 53043 53287 58711 62960 65299 59881 63176 67137 63795 67441

Per capita Total sewage, Treated sewage disposal ** sewage, l/d * MLD 92 7.542 92 92 92 98 92 105 92 92 92 92 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 112 94 112 133 133 133 133 133 133 7.840 8.242 9.068 7.199 7.823 7.292 6.560 5.853 6.173 7.372 4.884 5.441 6.603 8.610 8.767 9.002 5.975 7.460 6.722 5.458 6.314 5.522 5.716 4.755 5.527 5.255 8.422 5.164 6.153 5.278 8.765 5.761 4.711 4.705 4.986 5.968 5.519 7.052 8.685 7.964 8.402 8.929 8.485 8.970 Kali River (Karnataka)

S.No. City 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 Payyannur Thalassery Kasaragod Kanhangad Changanassery Kottayam Cheruvannur Beypore Quilandy Vadakara Tirur Malappuram Manjeri Ponnani Thiruvalla Nedumangad Neyyattinkara Kunnamkulam Madhya Pradesh Balaghat Betul Sarni Chhatarpur Datia Pithampur Dhar Ashok Nagar Dabra Harda Itarsi Hoshangabad Mhow Cantt. Jabalpur Cantt. Jaora Bina Etawa Sehore Seoni Shahdol Shajapur Sheopur Tikamgarh Basoda Khargone Maharashtra Kopargaon Sangamner Shrirampur Akot Anjangaon Bhandara

Population 68711 99386 52683 65499 51960 60725 57111 66883 68970 75740 53650 58490 83704 87356 56828 56138 69435 51585 75061 83287 95015 99519 82742 68051 75472 57682 56665 61712 93783 97357 85023 66482 63736 51189 90930 89799 78583 50086 55026 68572 62358 86443 59996 61958 81270 80796 51163 85034

Per capita Total sewage, Treated sewage disposal ** sewage, l/d * MLD 133 9.139 133 133 133 133 133 133 133 133 133 133 133 133 133 133 133 133 133 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 162 72 72 140 77 93 72 72 72 72 72 127 73 73 73 73 73 123 13.218 7.007 8.711 6.911 8.076 7.596 8.895 9.173 10.073 7.135 7.779 11.133 11.618 7.558 7.466 9.235 6.861 5.404 5.997 6.841 7.165 5.957 4.900 5.434 4.153 4.080 4.443 6.752 7.010 13.774 4.787 4.589 7.166 7.002 8.351 5.658 3.606 3.962 4.937 4.490 10.978 4.380 4.523 5.933 5.898 3.735 10.459

S.No. City 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 Ambejogai Parli Shegaon Malkapur Buldana Khamgaon Bhadravati Ballarpur Shirpur-Warwade Basmath Hingoli Chopda Chalisgaon Amalner Udgir Kamptee Nandurbar Deolali Manmad Osmanabad Baramati Lonavala Kirkee Pune Khopoli N.Mumbai (Panvel,Raigarh) Ratnagiri Uran Islampur Phaltan Pandharpur Palghar Badlapur Hinganghat Karanja Washim Pusad Meghalaya Tura Nagaland Kohima Orissa Balangir Bargarh Bhadrak Dhenkanal Paradip Jharsuguda Brajarajnagar Bhawanipatna Kendujhar

Population 69277 88510 52418 61015 62979 88670 56679 89995 61688 57360 69552 60865 91094 91456 91908 84340 94365 50617 72412 80612 51342 55650 76608 80191 58657 81886 70335 58330 50798 91381 52699 97917 92325 60158 62863 67152 58391 78584 85203 63651 92397 57651 73633 75570 76941 60745 51832

Per capita Total sewage, Treated sewage disposal ** sewage, l/d * MLD 77 5.334 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 120 73 73 73 73 73 88 112 112 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 6.461 3.827 4.454 4.597 6.473 4.138 6.570 4.503 4.187 5.077 4.443 6.650 6.676 6.709 6.157 6.889 3.695 5.286 5.885 3.748 4.062 5.592 5.854 4.282 5.978 5.134 4.258 3.708 10.966 3.847 7.148 6.740 4.392 4.589 5.909 6.540 8.801 7.668 5.729 8.316 5.189 6.627 6.801 6.925 5.467 4.665 Ib River Ib River Panchganga Patalganga River

S.No. City 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 Barbil Jatani Sunabeda Jeypur Baripada Rayagada Pondicherry * Karaikal Punjab Tarn Taran Faridkot Kot Kapura Sirhind -Fategarh Gobindgarh Firozpur Cantt. Fazilka Fiozpur Gurdaspur Jagraon Mansa Malout Muktsar Nabha Rajpura Sunam Sangrur Barnala Rajasthan Banswara Baran Balotra Barmer Bundi Nimbahera Chittaurgarh Ratangarh Sardarshahar Sujangarh Churu Dausa Bari Dhaulpur Suratgarh Chomu Jaisalmer Nawalgarh Karauli Hindaun Kuchaman City Ladnu

Population 52586 54550 58647 76560 94947 57732 74333 55587 71986 80741 50788 55416 57418 67424 95451 67455 60106 72608 70958 83099 61953 82551 51024 78717 96397 85638 78372 61724 83517 88312 53323 96028 63463 81378 83808 97627 61589 50475 92137 58076 50717 58286 56482 66179 84784 50566 57047

Per capita Total sewage, Treated sewage disposal ** sewage, l/d * MLD 90 4.733 90 90 90 142 90 112 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 66 68 66 75 70 66 67 66 66 66 78 66 66 74 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 4.910 5.278 6.890 13.482 5.196 8.325 8.338 10.798 12.111 7.618 8.312 8.613 10.114 14.318 10.118 9.016 10.891 10.644 12.465 9.293 12.383 7.654 11.808 14.460 5.652 5.329 4.074 6.264 6.182 3.519 6.434 4.189 5.371 5.531 7.615 4.065 3.331 6.818 3.833 3.347 3.847 3.728 4.368 5.596 3.337 3.765 Banas/ Berach River

S.No. City 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 Makrana Nagaur Rajsamand Sawai Madhopur GangapurCity Fatehpur Tamil Nadu Kuniyamuthur Udumalaipettai Mettupalayam Kurichi Pollachi Valparai Panruti Chidambaram Virudhachalam Dharmapuri Krishnagiri Hosur Palani Kasipalayam (E) Gobichet-tipalayam Dharapuram Veerappan-chatram Chengalpattu Avaniapuram Nagapattinam Namakkal Tiruchengode Paramakudi Ramanatha-puram Mettur Attur Karaikkudi Pattukkottai Coonoor Udhagaman-dalam Kambam Bodinayak-kanur TheniAllinagaram Madavaram Thiruvarur Mannargudi Sankarankoil Puliyankudi Tenkasi Kadayanallur Arani Kovilpatti Arcot

Population 83289 88313 55671 97491 96794 78471 56901 58893 66313 76794 88293 94962 55400 58968 59300 64444 65024 84314 67175 52500 55150 65137 72607 62631 51587 92525 53040 80177 82239 61976 53790 58150 86422 65453 50079 93921 58713 73430 85424 76793 56280 61588 53613 60142 62828 75604 60888 87458 50267

Per capita Total sewage, Treated sewage disposal ** sewage, l/d * MLD 66 5.497 66 66 66 66 66 44 44 44 44 44 112 56 56 44 54 44 44 60 44 44 54 44 52 44 44 44 58 44 44 44 44 44 44 58 44 44 77 55 44 44 50 44 44 44 49 44 44 112 5.829 3.674 6.434 6.388 5.179 2.504 2.591 2.918 3.379 3.885 10.636 3.102 3.302 2.609 3.480 2.861 3.710 4.031 2.310 2.427 3.517 3.195 3.257 2.270 4.071 2.334 4.650 3.619 2.727 2.367 2.559 3.803 2.880 2.905 4.133 2.583 5.654 4.698 3.379 2.476 3.079 2.359 2.646 2.764 3.705 2.679 3.848 5.630

S.No. City 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 Tirupathur Arakonam Vaniyambadi Gudiyatham Ambur Tindivanam Viluppuram Sivakasi Virudhunagar Srivilliputhur Aruppukkottai Uttar Pradesh

Population 60803 77453 85459 91376 99855 67826 95439 72170 73003 73131 83999

Per capita Total sewage, Treated sewage disposal ** sewage, l/d * MLD 44 2.675 44 112 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 96 96 96 123 96 97 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 180 100 96 96 96 96 96 112 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 3.408 9.571 4.021 4.394 2.984 4.199 3.175 3.212 3.218 3.696 5.395 7.976 6.201 6.283 8.239 7.005 7.208 5.623 5.858 5.076 5.310 6.562 6.846 7.592 4.900 5.587 4.931 6.711 9.447 15.909 9.249 8.455 5.516 6.450 7.112 9.064 10.667 5.370 6.495 4.803 4.870 4.885 5.121 4.827 6.867 9.099 5.168 5.721 Ganga/ Kali (E) Palar River

Agra Contonment Board 56198 Tanda Auraiya Mubarakpur Baraut Balrampur Nawabganj Baheri Faridpur Sherkot Kiratpur Chandpur Nagina Najibabad Ujhani Sahaswan Jahangirabad Sikandrabad Khurja Mughalsarai Kasganj Shikohabad Dadri Pilkhuwa Muradnagar Behta Hajipur Ghazipur Rath Shahabad Jalaun Konch Mauranipur Hasanpur Chhibramau Kannauj Kanpur Gola Gokarannath Lucknow 83079 64598 51080 85822 72220 75087 58577 61026 52870 55310 68359 71310 79087 51044 58194 51369 69902 98403 88386 92485 88075 57457 67191 74080 94414 95243 55938 67661 50033 50731 50886 53340 50279 71530 94780 53832 59593

S.No. City 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 Mahoba Mainpuri Mawana Meerut Khatauli Kairana Shamli Bisalpur Bela Pratapgarh Gangoh Deoband Bhadohi Tilhar Laharpur Obra Renukoot Gangaghat Uttaranchal Roorkee Rudrapur Kashipur West Bengal Bishnupur Kalna Rampurhat Suri Bolpur Gangarampur Bally Arambag Alipurduar Koch Bihar Old Maldah Ghatal Jhargram Contai KharagpurRly. Settlement Kandi Dhulian Jangipur Phulia Ranaghat Chakdaha New Barrackpur Islampur

Population 78806 89535 69199 93170 58497 73046 89861 60680 71835 53947 81706 74439 52909 50080 52398 53524 70817 97064 88720 92978 61943 52176 50609 61818 65659 53548 92906 56129 73047 76812 62944 51586 53158 77497 88339 50345 72906 74464 50254 68754 86965 83183 52766

Per capita Total sewage, Treated sewage disposal ** sewage, l/d * MLD 96 7.565 112 96 96 96 96 96 96 112 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 113 96 101 86 86 86 96 86 86 86 86 86 124 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 96 86 86 10.028 6.643 8.944 5.616 7.012 8.627 5.825 8.046 5.179 7.844 7.146 5.079 4.808 5.030 5.138 6.798 10.968 8.517 9.391 5.327 4.487 4.352 5.935 5.647 4.605 7.990 4.827 6.282 9.525 5.413 4.436 4.572 6.665 7.597 4.330 6.270 6.404 4.322 5.913 8.349 7.154 4.538

Total

2822

*Figures in italics are based on average water supply of state, other on sewage generation factor ** Shaded river stretches are already identified as most polluted stretches

Table 6 Sewage treatment plants in small towns having <50000 population

S.N. Population Sewage Sewage Capacity City/Town and STP , generation generatio of STP, 2001 factor n, MLD MLD Andhra Pradesh Bhadrachalam Haryana 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 17 18 19 Chhchhrauli Gharaunda Gohana Indri Radaur Karnataka K R Nagar Nanjagud Sri Rangapatna Kerala Pamba Maharashtra Trimbakeshwar Madhya Pradesh Chapara Keolari Orissa Talcher Punjab Phillaur Sultanpur Lodhi Nangal Naya nangal Tamil Nadu Bhawani Uttaranchal Ranipur Uttarkashi I II Uttar Pradesh 20 21 Anupshaher Farrukhabad West Bengal 22 23 24 Murshidabad Jiaganj Ajimganj Diamond Harbour 1.90 1.39 0.52 2005 2006 2005 WSP WSP WSP 2.56 3.96 2004 1988 FAB WSP 0.44 1.00 2004 2006 8.00 2003 3.94 2003 WSP 2.56 2.60 5.68 6.62 2004 2003 1994 1994 WSP WSP ASP ASP 2.00 2005 WSP 1.20 0.75 2001 2001 KARNAL KARNAL 1.00 2003 WSP 4.50 2007 1.45 1.47 1.36 2004 2001 2001 WSP WSP WSP 1.00 3.00 3.50 1.50 1.00 2001 2004 2004 2001 2001 WSP WSP WSP WSP WSP 4.00 Year of Technology Sewage STPs of STP* disposal comm. 2003 WSP River basin

Total

56.64

*ASP: Primary Sedimentation+Activated Sludge Process, UASB: Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor+Polishing pond, WSP: Waste Stabilization Ponds, TF: Primary Sedimentation+Trickling filter **Capacities shown in bold are for the planned/under construction STPs

ANNEXURE II DATA SHEETS OF PERFORMANCE EVALUATION STUDIES OF STPs Performance of STPs in Bihar
35 MLD STP at Beur, Patna (02.03.05) Design capacity of STP: 35 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 18-20 ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Primary clarifiers Aeration tank Final clarifier Sludge digestor Sludge drying beds Number/Size 2nos.: 28 m and 24 m dia, 3 m SWD 5 lines.: each having 3 aerators of 25 HP 32 m dia, 3.12 m SWD 2 nos.: 26 m dia and 11 m dia 8 nos.: 28 m x 15 m each 8 nos.: 32 m x 8 m each
3 2

HRT/SOR/Loading 32.8 m /m /d SOR, 2.2 hr HRT 43.5 m /m /d SOR, 1.72 hr HRT Can handle about 405 m sludge per day with a 8 day filling/ drying/ emptying cycle
3 3 2

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage After primary clarifiers After final clarifier Standards for discharge streams Remarks: i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) vii) pH 8.18 8.15 7.49 5.5-9 BOD 52 20 18 30 COD 120 72 72 250 TSS 116 60 66 100 TDS 798 468 432 2100 Fecal Colliform 7 1.1x10 8x10
5

Total Coliform 7 5x10 1.7x10

6

AmmN

PO4-P

in

Plant was receiving very low strength sewage and most of the treatment was achieved in primary stage itself. Plant faces problem of power failures and there is no standby arrangement. Plant faces problem of shortage of funds for operation and maintetance. Sludge scrapper of final clarifier is not functioning since January 2005. One more final clarifier is required as SOR is high for the present final clarifier. The gas generated in sludge digestor is not utilized. One aeration tank and one final clarifiers are proposed in GAP

45 MLD STP at Saidpur, Patna (02.03.05) Design capacity of STP: 45 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 22-25 ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Primary clarifiers Aeration tank Final clarifier Sludge digestor Sludge drying beds Number/Size 3nos.: 21 m dia each, 2.4 m SWD 4 lines.: each having 4 aerators of 12.5 HP 3 nos.: 30 m dia each, 2.6 m SWD 4 nos.: 7 m x 7 m dia each, 2.3 m SWD 5400 m
2

HRT/SOR/Loading 3 2 43.3 m /m /d SOR, 1.33 hr HRT 21.2 m /m /d SOR, 2.94 hr HRT

3 3 2

Can handle about 405 m sludge per day with a 8 day filling/ drying/ emptying cycle

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage After primary clarifiers After Final clarifiers Standards for discharge streams pH 7.45 7.65 7.91 5.5-9 BOD 90 40 12 30 COD 264 144 40 250 TSS 96 68 76 100 TDS 674 544 456 2100 Fecal Colliform 7 1.4x10 5x10
5

Total Coliform 8 1.6x10 1.1x10

6

AmmN

PO4-P

in

Remarks: i)

ii) iii) iv) v) vi)

Plant was receiving low strength sewage that is effectively treated in primary units before feeding to subsiquent activated sludge process. The activated sludge process recieves very low organic loading owing to low inlet BOD (40 mg/L) and low flow (50% of design flow). This condition may allow operation of few aerators instead of all just to fulfill the aeration and mixing requirements that will help reducing operation costs. Plant faces problem of power failures and there is no standby arrangement. Sludge scrapper of final clarifier is not functioning since January 2005. One more final clarifier is required. The gas generated in sludge digestor is not utilized. One aeration tank and one final clarifiers are proposed in GAP

25 MLD STP at Pahari, Patna (02.03.05) Design capacity of STP: 25 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 17 ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Aeratied lagoon Fish pond Number/Size 2 nos.: 200.5 x 47.5 x 4.6 m each; and 5 nos. aerators of 10 HP capacity each 165 x 48.5 x 1.5 m HRT/SOR/Loading 3.5 d HRT 11.52 hour HRT

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage After Aerated lagoon After Fish pond Standards for discharge streams Remarks: i) ii) iii) iv) pH 7.68 8.04 8.32 5.5-9 BOD 65 23 20 30 COD 188 100 80 250 TSS 112 74 90 100 TDS 700 492 472 2100 Fecal Colliform 7 9x10 5x10
5

Total Coliform 8 2.4x10 9x10

5

AmmN

PO4-P

in

Plant was receiving very low strength sewage. Plant faces problem of power failures and there is no standby arrangement. One lagoon was not functioning due to repairing of aeration system. Accumulation of sludge is less but desludgng may be needed once in few years.

Performance of STPs in Chandigarh

30 MGD STP at Mohali (Diggiyan), Chandigarh (17.05.05) Design capacity of STP: 30 MG/d (136.38 ML/d); Average flow reaching STP: 45 MG/d (30 MG/d is being treated) Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: 15 MGD stream (10 MGD: primary+secondary+tertiary and 5 MGD primary+secondary treatment) Treatment unit Number/Size Primary clarifiers 4nos.: for 5, 5, 2.5 and 2.5 MG/d each Aeration tank 2 nos.: for 7.5 MG/d each Secondary clarifier 2 nos.: for 7.5 MG/d each Tertiary clarifier One: for 10 MGD only Sludge digestor ? Sludge drying beds ? Other 15 MGD stream (secondary treatment) Treatment unit Number/Size Aeration tank 2 nos.: for 7.5 MGD each Secondary clarifier 2 nos.: for 7.5 MGD each Sludge digestor ? Sludge drying beds ?

HRT/SOR/Loading

HRT/SOR/Loading

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL):

First 15 MGD stream Sample point Raw sewage After primary clarifiers After sec.clarifiers(15MGD) After tert.clarifiers(10MGD) Second 15 MGD stream Sample point Raw sewage After secondary clarifiers Mixed streams Sample point Discharged into drain 5 MGD primary + secondary treated +15 MGD secondary treated +15 MGD untreated Utilized for gardening Tertiary treated 10 MGD Standards for discharge in streams Standards for discharge on land Remarks: i) ii) iii)

pH 7.0 7.0 7.2 8.8

BOD 227 122 39 18

COD 548 281 92 46

TSS 311 117 49 35

TDS

Fecal Colliform 8 5x10

Total Coliform 8 9x10

AmmN

PO4-P 50.5 4.7 29.3 2.2

pH 7.0 7.1

BOD 227 43

COD 548 134

TSS 311 67

TDS

Fecal Colliform 8 5x10

Total Coliform 8 9x10

AmmN

PO4-P 50.5 7.5

pH 7.1

BOD 112

COD 246

TSS 251

TDS

Fecal Colliform 7 2.5x10

Total Coliform 7 5x10

AmmN

PO4-P 8.0

8.8 5.5-9

18 30

46 250

35 100 2100

2.2

iv)

v) vi)

Primary clarifiers of the first stream are not performing at optimum efficiency both in terms of percentage TSS removal (only 62%) and TSS in effluent (117 mg/L). Secondary treatment (ASP) unit of first stream providing 68% individual eficiency in terms of BOD reduction is not performing at the expected efficiency for a conventional ASP Secondary treatment (ASP) unit of second stream providing 81% individual efficiency in terms of BOD reduction is also not performing at the required efficiency for discharge of sewage in streams. If it is an extended aeration type ASP, as indicated by absence of primary treatment unit, then the observed efficiency is also less than expected from such systems. The two streams of secondary treated sewage of 5 MGD and 15 MGD are not conforming to the discharge standards individiully. These streams are combined and further mixed with 15 MGD untreated sewage and the total 35 MGD combined sewage is discharged into a drain. 10 MGD tertiary treated sewage conforming to the standards for on land discharge is utilized for gardening. Overall housekeaping at the STP was not satisfactory.

1.25 MGD STP at Raipur Khurd, Chandigarh (17.05.05) Design capacity of STP: 1.25 MG/d (5.62 ML/d); Average flow reaching STP: ? ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Screen and Grit chamber Aeration tank Final clarifier Sludge drying beds Number/Size One each One: having 6 aerators of 20 HP each One 8 nos. HRT/SOR/Loading

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point pH BOD COD TSS TDS Fecal Colliform 8 3x10 Total Coliform 8 5x10 AmmN PO4-P 6.5 6.9

Raw sewage 7.1 236 781 689 Aeration tank 5859 5 6 After Final clarifiers 7.7 15 25 42.8 5x10 1.1x10 Standards for discharge in 5.5-9 30 250 100 2100 streams Standards for discharge on land Remarks: i) Plant mostly serves urban villages and mixing of organic load of animal dung is expected. ii) Treated effluent is utilised for irrigation. iii) Overall performance of the plant is good.

Performance of STPs in Chhattisgarh

46 MLD STP at Kutelbhata village, Bhilai (Decmber 2002) Design capacity of STP: 46 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Oxidation pond Number/Size One HRT/SOR/Loading

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage Final outlet Standards for streams Remarks: i) ii) Plant was receiving low BOD sewage but COD/BOD ratio (10.2) is very high indicating possible mixing of industrial effluents. Plant is able to achieve prescribed norms in terms of BOD, COD and TSS. pH 7.4 7.8 5.5-9 BOD 66 27 30 COD 672 230 250 TSS 180 154 100 TDS Fecal Colliform Total Coliform 210 2100 AmmN PO4-P

discharge

in

14 MLD STP at Risali, Bhilai (Decmber 2002) Design capacity of STP: 14 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Oxidation pond Number/Size One HRT/SOR/Loading

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage Final outlet Standards for streams Remarks: i) ii) pH 7.6 8.1 5.5-9 BOD 75 22 30 COD 634 211 250 TSS 190 64 100 TDS Fecal Colliform 32 2100 Total Coliform 120 AmmN PO4-P

discharge

in

Plant was receiving low BOD sewage but COD/BOD ratio (8.5) is very high indicating possible mixing of industrial effluents. Plant is able to achieve prescribed norms in terms of BOD, COD and TSS.

9 MLD STP at Bhillai House, Bhilai (Decmber 2002) Design capacity of STP: 14 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Oxidation pond Number/Size One HRT/SOR/Loading

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage Final outlet Standards for discharge in streams pH 7.8 8.4 5.5-9 BOD 21 14 30 COD 173 49 250 TSS 110 70 100 TDS Fecal Colliform Total Coliform 105 2100 AmmN PO4-P

Remarks: iii) iv)

Plant was receiving very low BOD sewage but COD/BOD ratio (8.5) is very high indicating possible mixing of industrial effluents. Plant is able to achieve prescribed norms in terms of BOD, COD and TSS.

Performance of STPs in Delhi

An specific publication on STPs of Delhi has been brought out by Central Pollution Control Board. However, results of two rounds of performance evaluation of STPs of Delhi are presented below: S. No 1 STP DR.SEN NH-2.2 Technology HR-BIO Filter-DEG Date of study 2003 NovDec Cap. Flow Sample BOD COD TSS Fecal Coliform 1.02x10
8 4

Total Coliform 1.33 x10 2.4 x10

8

10

10

Influent Effluent

236 16 573 31 147 20 209 46 205 55 97 33 126 7 179 6 306 20 299 11 106 4 110 17

585 46 662 29 605 62 394 120 399 151 405 137 326 35 338 46 565 80 484 58 272 26 224 51

370 36 662 29 263 26 176 25 330 47 177 39 251 12 169 18 479 49 321 13 412 11 172 50

2.17 x10
8

--do--

2004 Sep

10

11

Influent Effluent Influent Effluent

1 x10 7 2.9 x10 1.9 x10 1.1 x10

7 6

3.1 x10 7 3.3 x10 2.6 x10 1.7 x10

7 6

DELHI GATE-2.2

HR-BIO Filter-DEG

2003 NovDec

10

10

--do--

2004 Sep

10

10.91

Influent Effluent Influent Effluent

8.0 x10 7 2.1 x10 7.1 x10 5.9 x10

8 6

2.0 x10 7 2.9 x10 1.08 x10 4.9 x10

9

RITHALANEW-40

HR-BIO Filter-DEG

2003 NovDec

181.84

185.07

--do--

2004 Sep

181.84

136.38

Influent Effluent Influent Effluent

7.0 x10 7 1.5 x10 2.1 x10 2.0 x10

8 4

1.0 x10 7 3.2 x10 2.9 x10 4.9 x10

8 5

MEHRAULI -5

ASPEXT.AER.

2003 NovDec

22.73

4.95

--do--

2004 Sep

22.73

2.273

Influent Effluent Influent Effluent

4.0 x10 5 8.0 x10 3.9 x10

7 5

8.0 x10 6 4.4 x10 6.9 x10

7 5

VASANT KUNJ(2)-3

ASPEXT.AER.

2003 NovDec

13.63

4.36

1.01 x10

1.78 x10

--do--

2004 Sep

13.63

5.046

Influent Effluent Influent Effluent

5.0 x10 5 8.0 x10 1.08 x10 4.1 x10

7

8.0 x10 8 7.9 x10 4.6 x10 9.0 x10

7 4

TIMARPUR -6

OXIDATIO N P.

2003 NovDec

27.27

4.79

--do--

2004 Sep

27.27

9.092

Influent Effluent

1.0 x10 6 1.0 x10

3.0 x10 6 2.0 x10

CORO. PILLAR(1)10

TRICKLING F.

2003 NovDec

45.46

Influent Effluent

--do--

2004 Sep

45.46

Influent Effluent
7 7

CORO. PILLAR(2)20

ASP

2003 NovDec

90.92

56.55

Influent Effluent

48 15

172 48

342 93

4.4 x10 2.0 x10

7.8 x10 7.0 x10

S. No

STP CORO. PILLAR(2)20

Technology

Date of study

Cap.

Flow

Sample

BOD

COD

TSS

Fecal Coliform
8

Total Coliform
8

2004 Sep

90.92

43.46

Influent Effluent

148 21

278 57

205 17

3.0 x10 4.1 x10

4.0 x10 4.7 x10

CORO. PILLAR(3)10

ASP

2003 NovDec

45.46

40.84

Influent Effluent

112 18 140 19

317 61 273 44

179 35 156 18

3.2 x10 1.1 x10

3.9 x10 2.0 x10

--do--

2004 Sep

45.46

52.507

Influent Effluent Influent Effluent

3.0 x10 5 3.0 x10

4.0 x10 5 7.0 x10

10

GHITORNI5

ASP

2003 NovDec

22.73

--do--

2004 Sep

22.73

Influent Effluent Influent Effluent

11

KESHOPU R (1) -12

ASP

2003 NovDec

54.55

--do--

2004 Sep

54.55

Influent Effluent Influent Effluent 282 45 246 94 282 10 257 20 241 27 155 28 261 34 192 5 237 14 192 18 54 1 560 149 386 191 560 55 397 61 507 140 252 123 588 50 420 48 615 50 420 129 205 38 404 78 248 87 404 21 269 23 363 68 212 55 604 45 212 11 519 16 212 68 165 29 1.35 x10 7.2 x10 1.0 x10
8

12

KESHOPU R (2)-20

ASP

2003 NovDec

90.92

95.1

4.3 x10 9.1 x10

8 7

--do--

2004 Sep

90.92

90.92

Influent Effluent Influent Effluent

13

KESHOPU R (3)-40

ASP

2003 NovDec

181.84

106.46

1.35 x10 5.1 x10

4.3 x10

8 7

1.15 x10

--do--

2004 Sep

181.84

183.21

Influent Effluent Influent Effluent

4.0 x10 6 1.3 x10 3.2 x10

8 7

7.0 x10 6 2.3 x10 6.7 x10 2.4 x10

8 7

14

KONDLI (1)-10

ASP

2003 NovDec

45.46

56.55

1.39 x10

--do--

2004 Sep

45.46

34.959

Influent Effluent Influent Effluent

2.0 x10 6 7.0 x10 4.8 x10 1.8 x10

8 6

4.0 x10 7 1.4 x10 9.1 x10 5.5 x10

8 6

15

KONDLI(2)25

ASP

2003 NovDec

113.65

57.96

--do--

2004 Sep

113.65

83.648

Influent Effluent Influent Effluent

3.0 x10 6 3.0 x10 3.7 x10 1.4 x10

8 5

8.0 x10 6 5.0 x10 5.7 x10 2.7 x10

8 6

16

KONDLI(3)10

ASP

2003 NovDec

45.46

28.36

--do--

2004 Sep

45.46

42.324

Influent Effluent Influent Effluent

3.0 x10 7 1.1 x10 5.1 x10 1.2 x10

6 5

8.0 x10 7 2.3 x10 1.09 x10 3.2 x10

7

17

NAJAFGAR H-5

ASP

2003 NovDec

22.73

2.27

S. No

STP NAJAFGAR H-5

Technology

Date of study 2004 Sep

Cap.

Flow

Sample

BOD

COD

TSS

Fecal Coliform

Total Coliform

22.73

Influent Effluent

18

NILOTHI-40

ASP

2003 NovDec

181.84

15

Influent Effluent

90 4 74 3 100 8 151 34 204 10 206 4 207 48 206 18 222 45 206 48 249 12 206 20 249 19 206 8 103 10 326 16 205

328 26 190 41 447 72 331 104 517 54 411 33 486 108 411 60 551 153 411 138 515 62 411 48 515 51 411 42 275 46 602 41 399

432 21 110 5 15 426 38 122 29 498 21 364 3 291 83 364 32 647 76 364 33 480 32 364 24 480 27 364 6 142 39 642 24 330

5.0 x10 7.0 x10 2.0 x10 1.2 x10 1.0 x10 4.0 x10

7 4

6.1 x10 1.2 x10 4.0 x10 2.3 x10 1.7 x10 1.1 x10

7 5

--do--

2004 Sep

181.84

21.59

Influent Effluent

8 6

8 6

19

NARELA10

ASP

2003 NovDec

45.46

2.5

Influent Effluent

7 3

7 5

--do--

2004 Sep

45.46

7.319

Influent Effluent Influent Effluent

4.0 x10 5 3.0 x10 6.5 x10 2.3 x10

7 5

6.0 x10 5 8.0 x10 3.7 x10 2.9 x10

8

20

OKHLA(1)12

ASP

2003 NovDec

54.55

39.09

85

--do--

2004 Sep

54.55

52.735

Influent Effluent Influent Effluent

8.0 x10 6 1.0 x10 2.7 x10 5.3 x10

7 5

1.1 x10 6 3.0 x10 5.1 x10 9.9 x10

7 5

21

OKHLA(2)16

ASP

2003 NovDec

72.73

40.91

--do--

2004 Sep

72.73

67.282

Influent Effluent Influent Effluent

8.0 x10 6 1.0 x10 1.07 x10 2.5 x10 8.0 x10 2.2 x10
8

1.1 x10 6 8.0 x10 2.04 x10 1.2 x10 1.1 x10 5.1 x10
8

22

OKHLA(3)30

ASP

2003 NovDec

136.38

136.98

--do--

2004 Sep

136.38

122.74 4

Influent Effluent

8 7

9 7

23

OKHLA(4)37

ASP

2003 NovDec

168.2

159.11

Influent Effluent

1.11 x10 7.1 x10

1.97 x10 1.28 x10

8 6

--do--

2004 Sep

168.2

150.93

Influent Effluent Influent Effluent

8.0 x10 6 3.0 x10 1.11 x10 6.0 x10 8.0 x10
8

1.1 x10 6 5.0 x10 1.97 x10 4.1 x10 1.1 x10
8

24

OKHLA(5)45

ASP

2003 NovDec

204.57

181.84

--do--

2004 Sep

204.57

190.02 6

Influent Effluent

25

PAPANKAL AN-20

ASP

2003 NovDec

90.92

37.73

Influent Effluent

1.03 x10 7.0 x10

1.31 x10 1.2 x10

--do--

2004 Sep

90.92

45.461

Influent Effluent Influent

3.0 x10 6 2.9 x10 7.1 x10

8

5.0 x10 6 3.2 x10 1.08 x10

9

26

RITHALAOLD-40

ASP

2003 NovDec

181.84

46.28

S. No

STP

Technology

Date of study

Cap.

Flow

Sample Effluent

BOD 14 110 17

COD 54 374 64

TSS 75 148 18

Fecal Coliform 6 4.6 x10 7.0 x10 5.0 x10

8 8

Total Coliform 7 3.2 x10 1.0 x10 9.0 x10

9 5

RITHALAOLD-40

2004 Sep

181.84

45.461

Influent Effluent

27

ROHINI-15

ASP

2003 NovDec

68.19

Influent Effluent

--do--

2004 Sep

68.19

Influent Effluent Influent Effluent 174 17 195 5 199 20 185 11 505 84 513 59 538 44 373 59 391 44 245 27 405 39 140 15 4.1 x10 4.6 x10
8 6

28

YAMUNAVI HAR (1)-10

ASP

2003 NovDec

45.46

27.27

1.21 x10 1.9 x10

--do--

2004 Sep

45.46

7.728

Influent Effluent Influent Effluent

1.0 x10 6 3.0 x10 3.7 x10 5.2 x10

8 6

3.0 x10 6 7.0 x10 1.57 x10 8.5 x10

9

29

YAMUNAVI HAR (2)-10

ASP

2003 NovDec

45.46

14.77

--do--

2004 Sep

45.46

9.092

Influent Effluent

1.0 x10 7 3.2 x10

7

7.0 x10 7 4.2 x10

7

30

VASANT KUNJ(1)2.2

ASP

2003 NovDec

10

3.18

Influent Effluent

323 7 464 4 30 20

460 43 665 37 250

379 23 359 14 100 30

4.6 x10 8.0 x10

7.1 x10 1.7 x10

--do--

2004 Sep

10

7.274

Influent Effluent

3.0 x10 6 1.1 x10

7.0 x10 6 9.5 x10

Standards for discharge in streams Sttandards for discharge in streams (Delhi)

Performance of STPs in Gujrat

106 MLD STP at Pirana, Ahmedabadt (xxx) Design capacity of STP: 106 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 100% of design capacity Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Screens+Deteriters UASB reactors Facultative lagoons Sludge drying beds Number/Size HRT/SOR/Loading

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage Final outlet Standards for discharge prescribed by GPCB Standards for discharge in streams pH 7.1 7.5 6.5-8.5 5.5-9 BOD 210 21 30 30 COD 506 118 100 250 TSS 182 15 30 100 TDS 847 860 Fecal Colliform >1600 >1600 Total Coliform 6 >1.6x10 6 >1.6x10 AmmN 22 34 50 PO4-P

2100

Remarks: i) ii) iii) iv)

Plant generates 17000 Kg/d sludge. Biological sludge is sold to farmers and is used as manure. 3 UASB unit of the plant generates about 2000-4000 m /d biogas. This gas is used for electricity generation in dual fuel engines. Efffluent COD (118 mg/L) is higher than the limit (100 mg/L) prescribed by Gujrat Pollution Control Board. Other parameters are within the prescribed limits. Individual performance of UASB unit and facultative ponds cannot be commented upon as sample has not been collected at intermediate point.

126 MLD STP at Vasna, Ahmedabad (xxx) Design capacity of STP: 126 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 100% of design capacity Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Screens+Deteriters UASB reactors Pre-aerator/De-gasifier Flash mixer Clariflocculator Sludge drying beds Number/Size HRT/SOR/Loading

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage Final outlet Standards for discharge prescribed by GPCB Standards for discharge in streams Remarks: i) ii) iii) iv) pH 7.3 7.4 6.5-8.5 5.5-9 BOD 155 49 30 30 COD 753 149 100 250 TSS 218 38 30 100 TDS 1542 1137 Fecal Colliform 4 5x10 4 5x10 Total Coliform 6 3x10 6 3x10 AmmN 24 23 50 PO4-P

2100

Plant generates 25000 Kg/d sludge. Biological sludge is sold to farmers and is used as manure. 3 UASB unit of the plant generates about 2200 m /d biogas. This gas is used for electricity generation in dual fuel engines. Efffluent BOD, COD and SS exceed the limits prescribed by Gujrat Pollution Control Board. BOD exceeds even the general standards prescribed under the Environmental Protection Rules. Individual performance of UASB unit and the tertiary sedimentation cannot be commented upon as sample has not been collected at intermediate point.

44.5 MLD STP at Rajkot (03.02.2005) Design capacity of STP: 44.5 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 44.5 ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Screens+Deteriters Facultative lagoons Aeration tank Final clarifier Sludge drying beds Number/Size HRT/SOR/Loading

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage Final outlet Standards for discharge prescribed by GPCB Standards for discharge in streams pH 7.1 7.5 6.5-8.5 5.5-9 BOD 200 53 30 30 COD 703 197 100 250 TSS 355 111 30 100 TDS 913 946 Fecal Colliform Total Coliform AmmN 34 45 50 PO4-P

2100

Remarks: i) ii) iii)

Efffluent BOD, COD and TSS exceed the limits prescribed by Gujrat Pollution Control Board. BOD and TSS exceed even the general standards prescribed under the Environmental Protection Rules. Individual performance of Facultative lagoon and ASP unit cannot be commented upon as sample has not been collected at intermediate point. High TSS in final clarifier indicates that it is not operating well. A well performing ASP clarifier is expected to provide TSS< 50 mg/L in effluent.

86 MLD STP at Atladara, Vadodara, Gujrat (xxx) Design capacity of STP: 86 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 43 ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Number/Size Grit chamber UASB reactors Aeration tank Final clarifier Sludge thickener Sludge digestor Sludge drying beds

HRT/SOR/Loading

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point pH BOD COD TSS TDS Fecal Total AmmPO4-P Colliform Coliform N 4 4 Raw sewage 7.45 125 647 66 >1.6x10 >1.6x10 4 4 Final outlet 8.0 30 37 6 >1.6x10 >1.6x10 Standards for discharge 6.5-8.5 30 100 30 50 prescribed by GPCB Standards for discharge in 5.5-9 30 250 100 2100 streams Remarks: i) ii) iii) Efffluent BOD, COD and TSS are well within the limits of 20, 100 and 30 mg/L, respectively, prescribed by Gujrat Pollution Control Board. Individual performance of UASB unit and the tertiary sedimentation cannot be commented upon, as sample has not been collected at intermediate point. 3 Sludge digestor unit of the plant generates about 1200 m /d biogas. This gas is used for electricity generation.

52 MLD STP at Tarsali, Vadodara (xxx) Design capacity of STP: 52 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 18 ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Grit chamber Primary clarifier Aeration tank Final clarifier Sludge thickener Sludge digestor Sludge drying beds Number/Size HRT/SOR/Loading

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage Final outlet Standards for discharge prescribed by GPCB Standards for discharge in streams pH 7.33 7.78 6.5-8.5 5.5-9 BOD 88.2 15.6 30 30 COD 569 90 100 250 TSS 110 13 30 100 2100 TDS Fecal Colliform 4 >1.6x10 4 >1.6x10 Total Coliform 4 >1.6x10 4 >1.6x10 AmmN PO4-P

50

Remarks: i) ii) iii) iv) Efffluent BOD, COD and TSS are well within the limits of 30, 100 and 30 mg/L, respectively, prescribed by Gujrat Pollution Control Board. Individual performance of Primary clarifier and ASP unit cannot be commented upon, as sample has not been collected at intermediate point. 3 UASB unit of the plant generates about 1900 m /d biogas. This gas is flarred. Gas generated in sludge digester is not utilized for lack of any arrangement.

66 MLD STP at Gajarwadi, Vadodara (xxx) Design capacity of STP: 66 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 42 ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Number/Size Screens Grit chamber Primary clarifier Aeration tank Final clarifier Sludge thickener Sludge digestor Sludge drying beds

HRT/SOR/Loading

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point pH BOD COD TSS TDS Fecal Total AmmPO4-P Colliform Coliform N 4 4 Raw sewage 7.05 162 634 81 >1.6x10 >1.6x10 4 4 Final outlet 7.67 20 86 28 >1.6x10 >1.6x10 Standards for discharge 6.5-8.5 30 100 30 50 prescribed by GPCB Standards for discharge in 5.5-9 30 250 100 2100 streams Remarks: i) ii) iii) iv) Efffluent BOD, COD and TSS are well within the limits of 30, 100 and 30 mg/L, respectively, prescribed by Gujrat Pollution Control Board. Individual performance of Primary clarifier and ASP unit cannot be commented upon, as sample has not been collected at intermediate point. 3 UASB unit of the plant generates about 6000 m /d biogas. This gas is flarred. Gas generated in sludge digester is not utilized for lack of any arrangement.

82.5 MLD STP at Anjana, Surat (xxx) Design capacity of STP: 82.5 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 35-40 ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Number/Size Screens Grit chamber Primary clarifier Aeration tank Final clarifier Sludge thickener Sludge digestor Sludge drying beds

HRT/SOR/Loading

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage Final outlet Standards for discharge prescribed by GPCB Standards for discharge in streams pH 6.91 7.56 6.5-8.5 5.5-9 BOD 93.7 19.6 30 30 COD 748 106 100 250 TSS 138 12 30 100 2100 TDS Fecal Colliform 4 >1.6x10 4 >1.6x10 Total Coliform 4 >1.6x10 4 >1.6x10 AmmN PO4-P

50

Remarks: i) Efffluent BOD and TSS are well within the limits of 30 mg/L prescribed by Gujrat Pollution Control Board. However, COD is slightly higher than the prescribed limit because of very high COD in influent. Influent COD/BOD ratio is very high (=8) indicating possible mixing of some industrial effluent that must be investigated and rectified. Individual performance of Primary clarifier and ASP unit cannot be commented upon, as sample has not been collected at intermediate point. 3 UASB unit of the plant generates about 1500 m /d biogas. This gas is flarred. Gas generated in sludge digester is not utilized for lack of any arrangement.

ii) iii) iv) v)

120 MLD STP at Bhatar, Surat (xxx) Design capacity of STP: 120 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 80-90 ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Screens Grit chamber Primary clarifier Aeration tank Final clarifier Sludge thickener Sludge digestor Sludge drying beds Number/Size HRT/SOR/Loading

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage Final outlet Standards for discharge prescribed by GPCB Standards for discharge in streams Remarks: i) ii) iii) iv) Efffluent BOD is within the limits of 30 mg/L but COD and TSS exceed the limits of 100 and 30 mg/L, respectively, prescribed by Gujrat Pollution Control Board. COD in influent. Individual performance of Primary clarifier and ASP unit cannot be commented upon, as sample has not been collected at intermediate point. 3 UASB unit of the plant generates about 7000-8000 m /d biogas. This gas is flarred. Gas generated in sludge digester is not utilized for lack of any arrangement. pH 6.92 7.3 6.5-8.5 5.5-9 BOD 101 10.4 30 30 COD 439 180 100 250 TSS 53 35 30 100 2100 TDS Fecal Colliform 4 >1.6x10 4 >1.6x10 Total Coliform 4 >1.6x10 4 >1.6x10 AmmN PO4-P

50

100 MLD STP at Singanapore, Surat (xxx) Design capacity of STP: 100 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 50 ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Screens Grit chamber Primary clarifier Aeration tank Final clarifier Chlorination Sludge thickener Sludge digestor Sludge drying beds Number/Size HRT/SOR/Loading

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage Final outlet Standards for discharge prescribed by GPCB Standards for discharge in streams Remarks: i) ii) iii) iv) v) Efffluent BOD is within the prescribed limit but COD and TSS exceed the limits of 100 and 30 mg/L, respectively, prescribed by Gujrat Pollution Control Board. Influent COD/BOD ratio is very high (=9.7) indicating possible mixing of some industrial effluent that must be investigated and rectified. Individual performance of Primary clarifier and ASP unit cannot be commented upon, as sample has not been collected at intermediate point. 3 UASB unit of the plant generates about 1100-1200 m /d biogas. This gas is flarred. Gas generated in sludge digester is not utilized for lack of any arrangement. pH 7.17 7.38 6.5-8.5 5.5-9 BOD 62 29 30 30 COD 601 252 100 250 TSS 128 60 30 100 2100 TDS Fecal Colliform 4 >1.6x10 4 >1.6x10 Total Coliform 4 >1.6x10 4 >1.6x10 AmmN PO4-P

50

Performance of STPs in Haryana

25 MLD STP at Yamunanagar/Jagadhari (March 05) Design capacity of STP: 25 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: (?) ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Screen and Grit channel UASB reactors Polishing pond Sludge drying beds Number/Size 2 nos.: 40 x 24 x 5.5 m each 323 x 63 x 1.2 m 20 nos.: 16 m x 16 m each HRT/SOR/Loading 8 hr HRT 24 hr HRT 3 Can handle about 384 m sludge per day with a 8 day filling/ drying/ emptying cycle

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage After UASB reactors After Polishing pond Standards for discharge streams pH 7.3 7.1 7.1 5.5-9 BOD 194 113 39 30 COD 501 499 131 250 TSS 492 128 51 100 TDS Fecal Colliform 6 2.3x10 1.1x10 2100
5

Total Coliform 6 3x10 1.7x10

5

AmmN

PO4-P 1.55 2.27 1.40

in

Remark: UASB unit is functioning at suboptimal efficiency in terms of reduction in organic matter. TSS in UASB outlet is also high.

10 MLD STP at Yamunanagar/Jagadhari (March 05) Design capacity of STP: 10 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: (?) ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Screen and Grit channel UASB reactors Polishing pond Sludge drying beds Number/Size 10 x 4 m 2 nos.: 24 x 16 x 5.5 m each 120 x 79 x 1.2 m 12 nos.: 14 m x 14 m each HRT/SOR/Loading 8 hr HRT 24 hr HRT 3 Can handle about 176 m sludge per day with a 8 day filling/ drying/ emptying cycle

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage After UASB reactors After Polishing pond Standards for discharge streams Remarks: i) ii) pH 7.2 7.0 7.1 5.5-9 BOD 168 71 36 30 COD 556 447 219 250 TSS 295 200 43 100 TDS Fecal Colliform 5 8x10 4x10 2100
5

Total Coliform 6 1.7x10 8x10

5

AmmN

PO4-P 3.57 5.60 6.26

in

UASB unit is functioning at suboptimal efficiency in terms of COD reduction. TSS in UASB outlet is also high. Polishing pond is effecting about 50% reduction to its inlet BOD/COD

40 MLD STP at Karnal (March 05) Design capacity of STP: 40 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: (?) ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Number/Size Screen and Grit channel UASB reactors Polishing pond Sludge drying beds 4 nos.: 32 x 24 x 5.5 m each 241 x 135 x 1.25 m 20 nos.: 18 m x 18 m each

HRT/SOR/Loading 8 hr HRT 24 hr HRT 3 Can handle about 486 m sludge per day with a 8 day filling/ drying/ emptying cycle

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point pH BOD COD TSS TDS Fecal Total AmmPO4-P Colliform Coliform N 6 7 Raw sewage 7.4 133 483 261 8x10 1.3x10 5.73 After Grit channel 7.5 170 487 266 6.04 After UASB reactors 7.7 28 165 53 5.90 5 5 After Polishing pond 7.9 19 91 17 2x10 4x10 5.78 Standards for discharge in 5.5-9 30 250 100 2100 streams Remark: The overall performance of the plant is very good. 8 MLD STP at Karnal (March 05) Design capacity of STP: 8 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: (?) ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Anaeribic ponds Oxidation ponds-I stage Maturation ponds-II stage Number/Size 2 nos.: 48 x 33 x 4 m each 2 nos.: 165 x 102 x 1.25 m each 2 nos.: 165 x 102 x 1.25 m each HRT/SOR/Loading

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage Final outlet of STP Standards for discharge streams pH 7.4 8.0 5.5-9 BOD 233 11 30 COD 715 61 250 TSS 549 17 100 TDS Fecal Colliform 6 8x10 5 8x10 Total Coliform 7 1.3x10 6 1.1x10 AmmN PO4-P 7.19 6.36

in

2100

Remark: The overall performance of the plant is very good.

35 MLD STP at Panipat (March 05) Design capacity of STP: 35 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: (?) ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Screen and Grit channel UASB reactors Polishing pond Sludge drying beds Number/Size 2 nos.: 24 x 20 x 5 m each and 1no.: 32 x 24 x 5 m 241.9 x 116 x 1.5 m 20 nos.: 15.4 m x 15.4 m each 8 hr HRT 24 hr HRT 3 Can handle about 356 m sludge per day with a 8 day filling/ drying/ emptying cycle HRT/SOR/Loading

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage After Grit channel After UASB reactors After Polishing pond Standards for discharge streams Remarks: i) ii) iii) pH 7.5 7.5 7.6 7.6 5.5-9 BOD 176 168 91 83 30 COD 441 418 332 254 250 TSS 218 157 53 17 100 TDS Fecal Colliform 6 8x10
5

Total Coliform 7 1.3x10

5

AmmN

PO4-P 3.43 3.71 2.67 3.45

2x10 2100

4x10

in

UASB unit is functioning at suboptimal efficiency in terms of COD reduction. Polishing pond is also effecting only mariginal reduction in BOD. The overall performance of the plant is not satisfactory.

10 MLD STP at Panipat (March 05) Design capacity of STP: 10 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: (?) ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Screen and Grit channel UASB reactors Polishing pond Sludge drying beds Number/Size 2 nos.: 24 x 18 x 5 m each 128 x 64 x 1.5 m 12 nos.: 14 m x 14 m each HRT/SOR/Loading 8 hr HRT 24 hr HRT 3 Can handle about 176 m sludge per day with a 8 day filling/ drying/ emptying cycle

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage After Grit channel After UASB reactors After Polishing pond Standards for discharge streams Remarks: i) ii) iii) Plant is receiving sewage of exceptionally high strength indicating mixing of industrial effluents in sewerage system. Plant is functioning at an overall BOD/COD removal efficiency of 60-65 %. TSS in Polishing pond outlet is very high. Outlet structure of Polishing pond may be checked. Plant is not able to comply with the discharge standards due to above reasons. pH 6.7 6.5 BOD 955 955 365 30 COD 2187 2249 796 250 TSS 326 382 176 100 TDS Fecal Colliform 7 8x10 Total Coliform 8 2x10 AmmN PO4-P 8.66 8.74

in

5.5-9

2100

30 MLD STP at Sonipat (March 05) Design capacity of STP: 30 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: (?) ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Number/Size Screen and Grit channel UASB reactors Polishing pond Sludge drying beds 3 nos.: each for 10 ML/d flow 220 x 110 x 1.22 m 22 nos.: 16 m x 16 m each

HRT/SOR/Loading 8 hr HRT 24 hr HRT 3 Can handle about 422 m sludge per day with a 8 day filling/ drying/ emptying cycle

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point pH BOD COD TSS TDS Fecal Total AmmPO4-P Colliform Coliform N 7 8 Raw sewage 7.7 230 536 330 4x10 3x10 6.67 After UASB reactors 7.9 114 174 76 6.85 5 5 After Polishing pond 8.2 64 99 45 3x10 5x10 6.02 Standards for discharge in 5.5-9 30 250 100 2100 streams Remarks: i) ii) iii) iv) UASB unit is functioning at suboptimal efficiency in terms of reduction in organic matter. TSS in UASB outlet is also high. Polishing pond is also effecting 44% and 43% reduction in BOD and COD, respectively, which is rather low All sludge beds were filled with sludge and there was no further space for sludge. Plant is not able to comply with the discharge standards due to above reasons.

Performance of STPs in Himachal Pradesh

1.35 MLD STP at Snowdon, Shimla (April 05) Design capacity of STP: 1.35 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: (?) ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Number/Size Screen Grit channel Extended Aeration tank Secondary clarifier Flash mixer Clariflocculator Filter press for Sludge 2 nos. 3.5 x 0.5 x 0.1 m SWD each 2 nos. 4 x 0.6 x 1.15 m SWD each 29.7 x 9.9 x 3 m with three aerators of 7.5 HP each 9.85 m dia and 3 m SWD 0.75 x 0.75 x 1 m 7.7 m dia and 2.5 m SWD with 3.2 m dia flocculation zone One: 90 litre wet cake holding capacity

HRT/SOR/Loading

15.68 hr HRT,? d SRT, and 0.43 d mg/L MLVSS and observed BOD 3 2 17.7 m /m /d SOR, 4.1hr HRT 35 m /m /d SOR, 2.1 hr HRT
3 2

-1

F/M at 3200

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point pH BOD COD TSS TDS Fecal Total AmmPO4-P Colliform Coliform N 8 8 Raw sewage 6.8 904 1931 2253 1.7x10 9x10 14.5 Aeration tank 665 5 6 Final outlet of STPs 7.4 2 21 8 9x10 1.4x10 3.57 Standards for discharge in 5.5-9 30 250 100 2100 streams Remarks: i) ii) Plant receives very high strength sewage. Its reasons need to be investigated. It is seen that even if the plant was operated at a MLSS level of 4000 mg/L (or 3200 mg/L MLVSS) it would run at an F/M ratio 0.43 for the observed influent BOD. Thus the plant can operate as conventional process and not as an extended process. Overall efficiency of the plant is very good. However, it appears that tertiary sedimentation played a major role in achieving this efficiency. Low MLSS in aeration tank indicates that the biological treatment is not being utilized to its full capacity. Optimum use of biological unit will help reducing chemical costs in tertiary treatment.

iii) iv)

0.76 MLD STP at Dhalli, Shimla (April 05) Design capacity of STP: 0.76 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: (?) ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Number/Size Screen Grit channel Extended Aeration tank Secondary clarifier Flash mixer Clariflocculator Filter press for Sludge 2 nos. 3.5 x 0.5 x 0.4 m SWD each 2 nos. 4.7 x 0.5 x 0.15 m SWD each 29.7 x 9.9 x 3 m with three aerators of 7.5 HP each 9.85 m dia and 3 m SWD 0.75 x 0.75 x 1 m 7.7 m dia and 2.5 m SWD with 3.2 m dia flocculation zone One: 90 litre wet cake holding capacity

HRT/SOR/Loading

27.9 hr HRT, ? d SRT and 0.15 d mg/L MLVSS and observed BOD 3 2 10 m /m /d SOR, 7.2 hr HRT 19.7 m /m /d SOR, 3.7 hr HRT
3 2

-1

F/M at 3200

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point pH BOD COD TSS TDS Fecal Total AmmPO4-P Colliform Coliform N 7 7 Raw sewage 7.3 550 755 552 5x10 9x10 10 Aeration tank 2950 6 6 Final outlet of STPs 6.6 24 95 62 1.4x10 1.4x10 16.5 Standards for discharge in 5.5-9 30 250 100 2100 streams Remarks: i) ii) iii) iv)

Plant receives high strength sewage. Overall efficiency of the plant was very good. MLSS in aeration tank appear low for an extended aeration process. Use of Extended Aeration ASP to its fullest will help reducing chemical costs in tertiary treatment.. A lttle high TSS value in tertiary sedimentation tank indicates that its performance can also be improved further.

3.93 MLD STP Summer Hill Shimla (April 05) Design capacity of STP: 3.93 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: (?) ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Screen Grit channel Extended Aeration tank Secondary clarifier Flash mixer Clariflocculator Filter press for Sludge Number/Size 2 nos. 3.5 x 0.625 x 0.4 m SWD each 2 nos. 13.5 x 0.9 x 0.5 m SWD each 3 nos.: 25.1 x 12.55 x 3.6 m each with six aerators of 15 HP each 2 nos.: 15.85 m dia and 3 m SWD each 2.1 x 1.2 x 2 m 17.1 m dia and 2.5 m SWD with 6.5 m dia flocculation zone One: 120 litre wet cake holding capacity 20.8 hr HRT,? d SRT and 0.13 d F/M at 3200 mg/L MLVSS and observed BOD 3 2 10 m /m /d SOR, 7.2 hr HRT 20 m /m /d SOR, 3.5 hr HRT
3 2 -1

HRT/SOR/Loading

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage Aeration tank Final outlet of STPs Standards for discharge streams Remarks: i) ii) Overall efficiency of the plant is very good. MLSS in aeration tank appear low for an extended aeration process. Use of Extended Aeration ASP to its fullest will help reducing chemical costs in tertiary treatment. pH 7.3 7.1 5.5-9 BOD 370 7 30 COD 1102 64 250 TSS 464 1942 29 100 TDS Fecal Colliform 7 2x10 2x10 2100
5

Total Coliform 7 3.5x10 2x10

5

AmmN

PO4-P 21.7 15

in

4.44 MLD STP at Maliana, Shimla (April 05) Design capacity of STP: 4.44 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: (?) ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Screen Grit channel Extended Aeration tank Number/Size 2 nos. 5 x 0.7 x 0.4 m SWD each 2 nos. 13.75 x 1 x 0.5 m SWD each 2 nos.: 26.7 x 13.75 x 3.6 m each 1no. : 26.7 x 11.85 x 3.6 m with six aerators of 20 HP each 2nos. :16.9 m dia and 3 m SWD each 1.25 x 1.25 x 2 m 18.55 m dia and 2.5 m SWD with 7.7 m dia flocculation zone One: 120 litre wet cake holding capacity HRT/SOR/Loading

20.4 hr HRT,? d SRT and 0.09 d F/M at 3200 mg/L MLVSS and observed BOD 9.9 m /m /d SOR, 7.3 hr HRT 19.9 m /m /d SOR, 3.65 hr HRT
3 2 3 2

-1

Secondary clarifier Flash mixer Clariflocculator Filter press for Sludge

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage Aeration tank Final outlet of STPs Standards for discharge streams Remarks: i) ii) Overall efficiency of the plant is very good and ASP is operating in the usual range of F/M ratio for an extended prosses. Individual performance of the extended aeration process and the chemical aided tertiary sedimentation cannot be commented upon as intermediate sample was not collected. pH 7.1 7.4 5.5-9 BOD 242 15 30 COD 630 45 250 TSS 454 4465 24 100 TDS Fecal Colliform 8 3x10 5x10 2100
5

Total Coliform 8 5x10 8x10

5

AmmN

PO4-P 7 10.6

in

5.8 MLD STP, North Disposal, Shimla (April 05) Design capacity of STP: 5.8 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: (?) ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Screen Grit channel Extended Aeration tank Secondary clarifier Flash mixer Clariflocculator Filter press for Sludge Number/Size 2 nos. 5 x 0.75 x 0.8 m SWD each 2 nos. 13.3 x 1.6 x 1 m SWD each 3 nos.: 30.44 x 15.22 x 3.6 m each with six aerators of 25 HP each 2 nos.: 19.5 m dia and 3 m SWD 2.45 x 1.65 x 2 m 21.2 m dia and 2.5 m SWD with 8.8 m dia flocculation zone One: 120 litre wet cake holding capacity HRT/SOR/Loading

20.7 hr HRT, ? d SRT and 0.16 d F/M at 3200 mg/L MLVSS and observed BOD 3 2 19.9 m /m /d SOR, 3.6 hr HRT 20 m /m /d SOR, 3.65 hr HRT
3 2

-1

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage Aeration tank Final outlet of STP Standards for discharge streams Remarks: i) ii) Overall efficiency of the plant is very good. MLSS in aeration tank appear low for an extended aeration process. Use of Extended Aeration ASP to its fullest will help reducing chemical costs in tertiary treatment. pH 7.2 7.4 5.5-9 BOD 452 5 30 COD 1096 19 250 TSS 718 2991 13 100 TDS Fecal Colliform 8 1.7x10 1.4x10 2100
6

Total Coliform 8 5x10 2.2x10

6

AmmN

PO4-P 14.9 4

in

Performance of STPs in Karnataka

----MLD STP, Madiwala, Bangalore (xxx) Design capacity of STP: ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Screens Grit channels UASB reactors Polishing ponds Sludge drying beds Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage Final outlet of STP Standards for discharge streams pH 6.9 7.6 5.5-9 BOD 190 3 30 COD 570 39 250 TSS 222 4 100 TDS 468 434 2100 Fecal Colliform Total Coliform AmmN PO4-P Number/Size HRT/SOR/Loading

in

Remarks: Overall efficiency of the plant is very good.

----MLD STP, K & C Valley, Bangalore (xxx) Design capacity of STP: ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Primary clarifiers ? Aeration tank Secondary clarifiers Sludge digester ? Sludge drying beds Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage Final outlet of STP Standards for discharge streams pH 7.8 7.8 5.5-9 BOD 220 46 30 COD 771 205 250 TSS 317 83 100 TDS 483 431 2100 Fecal Colliform Total Coliform AmmN PO4-P Number/Size HRT/SOR/Loading

in

Remarks: Overall efficiency of the plant is not satisfactory as the plant is not able to meet the prescribed standards in terms of BOD. ----MLD STP, V. Vally, Bangalore (xxx) Design capacity of STP: ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Primary clarifiers ? Biological filters Secondary clarifiers Sludge digester ? Sludge drying beds Number/Size HRT/SOR/Loading

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage Final outlet of STP Standards for discharge streams pH 7.4 7.9 5.5-9 BOD 203 56 30 COD 562 173 250 TSS 307 60 100 TDS 823 576 2100 Fecal Colliform Total Coliform AmmN PO4-P

in

Remarks: Overall efficiency of the plant is satisfactory as the plant is able to meet the prescribed standards in terms of BOD, COD and TSS. ----MLD STP, Hebbal, Bangalore (xxx) Design capacity of STP: ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Primary clarifiers ? Aeration tank Secondary clarifiers Sludge digester ? Sludge drying beds Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage Final outlet of STP Standards for discharge streams pH 7.3 7.6 5.5-9 BOD 160 23 30 COD 379 67 250 TSS 186 29 100 TDS 592 555 2100 Fecal Colliform Total Coliform AmmN PO4-P Number/Size HRT/SOR/Loading

in

Remarks: Overall efficiency of the plant is satisfactory as the plant is able to meet the prescribed standards in terms of BOD, COD and TSS.

Performance of STPs in Madhya Pradesh

1 MGD STP at South T. T. Nagar, Bhopal (xxx) Design capacity of STP: 1 MG/d; Average flow reaching STP: MG/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Screens Grit chamber Claridigestor Trickling filter Final clarifier Sludge drying beds Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage After Claridigester Outlet of trickling filter Final outlet STP Standards for discharge streams pH 7.06 7.02 7.29 7.27 5.5-9 BOD 167 94 76 67 30 COD 380 212 184 169 250 TSS 190 134 108 136 100 TDS Fecal Colliform 20 Total Coliform 1700 AmmN 22 PO4-P Number/Size HRT/SOR/Loading

Nil 2100

200

20

in

Remarks: i) ii) Operation and maintenance of the plant is very poor and it is merely working as a holding tank. More over sewage is passed through the plant only for 6 hour duration every day during peak hours. Plant is not able to meet the prescribed norms.

2 MGD STP at Bherkheda, BHEL, Bhopal (25.09.04) Design capacity of STP: 2 MG/d; Average flow reaching STP: ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Screens Grit chamber Primary clarifier Bio filter Final clarifier Sludge drying beds Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage Final outlet STP Standards for discharge in streams Standards for discharge on land pH 7.27 7.47 5.5-9 BOD 77 18 30 COD 144 38 250 TSS 113 14 100 TDS Fecal Colliform >1600 >1600 Total Coliform >1600 >1600 AmmN PO4-P Number/Size HRT/SOR/Loading

2100

Remarks: i) ii) iii) iv)

Operation and maintenance of the plant is good. Overall performance of the plant is satisfactory so that the plant is able to meet the prescribed norms. About 16000 Ft gas is generated per day from the digester, which is fully utilized. Treated effluent from the plant is utilized for irrigation.

Performance of STPs in Maharashtra

16 MLD-Adharwadi primary sewage treatment plant, Kalyan (17.02.05) Design capacity of STP: 16 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 16 ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Number/Size Screens Grit chamber Primary treatment unit Sludge digester Sludge drying beds Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point pH BOD COD TSS TDS Fecal Total AmmPO4-P Colliform Coliform N 6 6 Raw sewage 69 130 574 172 572 1.1x10 1.1x10 22 5 5 Final outlet of primary STP 6.9 103 232 73 447 9x10 9x10 20 Standards for discharge in 5.5-9 30 250 100 2100 streams Remarks: i) ii) Installed capacity of sewage treatment (16 MLD Kalyan + 14 MLD Dombivali) is negligible compared to estimated 200 MLD total sewage generation from the city. Efficiency of primary clarifiers in terms of BOD reduction (21%) is less than expected. High effluent TSS value also indicate suboptimal performance of primary clarifier.

HRT/SOR/Loading

22 MLD STP at Triambak, Nashik (03.02.05)

Design capacity of STP: 22 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Number/Size Screens UASB reactor ? Sludge drying beds Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point pH BOD COD TSS TDS Fecal Total AmmPO4-P Colliform Coliform N Raw sewage 6.7 930 1574 2071 698 38 Final outlet of STP 7.3 143 353 111 491 26 Standards for discharge in 5.5-9 30 250 100 2100 streams Remarks: i) ii) Plant operation and maintenance and housekeeping were very poor. Plant was not meeting the prescribed norms in terms of main pollutants BOD, COD and TSS

HRT/SOR/Loading

78 MLD STP at Nashik (03.02.05) Design capacity of STP: 78 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 90-95 ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Number/Size Screens UASB reactor Sludge drying beds Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point pH BOD COD TSS TDS Fecal Total AmmPO4-P Colliform Coliform N Raw sewage 7.5 138 328 114 392 38 Final outlet of STP 7.5 51 172 9 395 26 Standards for discharge in 5.5-9 30 250 100 2100 streams Remarks: i) ii) Plant operation and maintenance and housekeeping were very poor. Plant was not meeting the prescribed norms in terms of BOD.

HRT/SOR/Loading

54 MLD Kopri STP at Thane (17.02.05) Design capacity of STP: 54 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 49 ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Screens Grit channel Primary clarifiers Sludge thickener Sludge digesters Centrifuge Sludge drying beds Number/Size 2 nos.: 2 x 1.45 m each 2 nos.: 9.6 x 9.6 x 1.3 m each 2 nos.: 30 m dia and 3 m SWD and 28.5 m dia and 3 m SWD 11 m dia and 3 m SWD 2 nos.: 24 m dia and 9 m SWD and 12.5 m dia and 6 m SWD 3000 L/hr HRT/SOR/Loading

40 m /m /d SOR, 1.8 hr HRT

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage Final outlet of primary STP Standards for discharge streams Remarks: i) ii) iii) Installed capacity of sewage treatment (56 MLD) is only about one fourth of estimated 216 MLD total sewage generation from the city. High effluent TSS value indicates suboptimal performance of primary clarifier. Plant was not meeting the prescribed norms in terms of main pollutant BOD. pH 6.8 6.9 5.5-9 BOD 105 56 30 COD 331 179 250 TSS 119 74 100 TDS Fecal Colliform 6 3 x 10 4 5 x 10 Total Coliform 6 3 x 10 4 9 x 10 AmmN 21 16 PO4-P

in

2100

Performance of STPs in Punjab

1.75 MGD (6.62 MLD) STP at Naya Nangal (17.05.2005) Design capacity of STP: 1.75 MG/d (6.62 ML/d); Average flow reaching STP: (?) ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Number/Size Screen and Grit channel Primary clarifier Aeration tank Secondary clarifier Chlorination Sludge drying beds One One One with four aerators of 10 HP each One 8 nos

HRT/SOR/Loading

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point pH BOD COD TSS TDS Fecal Total AmmPO4-P Colliform Coliform N 7 7 Raw sewage 6.8 93 322 271 5x10 9x10 7 7 Final outlet of STPs 7.3 6.5 12.8 15.5 2.3x10 8x10 Standards for discharge in 5.5-9 30 250 100 2100 streams Remarks: i) i) Plant receives low sewage of low BOD. Overall efficiency of the plant is very good.

1.5 MGD (5.68 MLD) STP at Nangal (17.05.2005) Design capacity of STP: 1.5 MG/d (5.68 ML/d); Average flow reaching STP: (?) ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Number/Size Screen and Grit channel Primary clarifier Aeration tank Secondary clarifier Sludge digester Sludge drying beds One One One with four aerators of 10 HP each One One 10 nos

HRT/SOR/Loading

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage Final outlet of STPs Standards for discharge streams pH 6.7 7.4 5.5-9 BOD 63 5.3 30 COD 174 9.3 250 TSS 82 13.8 100 TDS Fecal Colliform 8 1.6x10 4 4x10 Total Coliform 8 1.6x10 4 8x10 AmmN PO4-P 1.8 4.4

in

2100

Remarks: i) ii) iii)

Plant receives low strength sewage. Overall efficiency of the plant is very good. Reduction of coliform is also of very high level.

2.6 MLD STP at Sultanpur Lodhi (18.05.2005) Design capacity of STP: 2.6 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: (?) ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Anaeribic pond Facultative pond Maturation pond 40.5 x 23 x 3.5 m 136 x 55 x 2 m 75.5 x 28 x 2 m Number/Size HRT/SOR/Loading 5 d HRT for all ponds --do---do--

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage Final outlet of STP Standards for discharge streams Remark: pH 7.2 7.8 5.5-9 BOD 244 13 30 COD 571 93 250 TSS 439 24 100 TDS Fecal Colliform 7 2.4x10 5 9x10 Total Coliform 7 5x10 6 4x10 AmmN PO4-P 6.53 6.87

in

2100

At the time of power failures, whole sewage is bypassed. This defeats the purpose of having STP to an extent. Otherwise, observed overall efficiency of the plant in terms of reduction of organic matter and solids was good.

2.56 MLD STP at Phillore (18.05.2005) Design capacity of STP: 2.56 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: (?) ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Number/Size Oxidation ponds 2 nos.: 72 x 30 x ? m Maturation pond 72 x 30 x ? m Sludge drying beds 27 nos.: 25 x 10 m each

HRT/SOR/Loading 5 d HRT for all ponds --do---do--

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point pH BOD COD TSS TDS Fecal Total AmmPO4-P Colliform Coliform N 7 7 Raw sewage 7.4 111 318 274 9x10 9x10 2.0 6 7 Final outlet of STP 7.4 19 99 53 8x10 1.49x10 1.9 Standards for discharge in 5.5-9 30 250 100 2100 streams Remark: Plant is not looked after properly and no records are maintained. Otherwise, observed overall efficiency of the plant in terms of reduction of organic matter and solids was good.

Performance of STPs in Rajasthan

27 MLD STP at Jaipur (20.04.2005) Design capacity of STP: 27 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 16 ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Screen channel Grit channel Extended Aeration tank Final clarifiers Sludge thickener Sludge digester Centrifuge 2 nos.: 2 nos.: One One One One One Number/Size HRT/SOR/Loading

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point pH BOD COD TSS TDS Fecal Total AmmPO4-P Colliform Coliform N Raw sewage 7.46 745 1558 964 0.20 After Grit channel 7.51 1013 2050 1196 0.20 Aeration tank 6048 Recycled sludge 7280 Final outlet of STP 7.84 128 328 124 0.02 Standards streams Remarks: i) ii) for discharge in 5.5-9 30 250 100 2100

iii) iv)

Fifty percent wastewater was being bypassed without treatment to Jalmahal lake even though capacity of the plant remained under utilized. At the time of study the plant was mainly receiving industrial effluent of textile processing units located in Grahmapuri instead of sewage and overall operation and maintenance of the plant was very poor. Screens and grit channels were not being cleaned and only 15 of the total 46 aerators were operational. As a consequence of high strength wastewater coming to STP and poor operation and maintenance, the plant was not able to meet the standards. High TSS in final clarifiier outlet also indicate that the plant is not operating properly.

Performance of STPs in Uttar Pradesh

2.7 MLD STP at Fatehgarh (xxx) Design capacity of STP: 2.7 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: (?) ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Number/Size Oxidation ponds-first stage 1A & 1B 2 nos.: 150 x 100 x 1.4 m each Oxidation ponds-second stage 131 x 115 x 1.4 m

HRT/SOR/Loading

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point PH BOD COD TSS TDS Fecal Total AmmColliform Coliform N 6 7 Raw sewage 7.66 33 124 133 8x10 & 1.7x10 & 7 7 1.7x10 2.2 x10 After Oxidation Pond 1A 8.32 36 248 168 After Oxidation Pond 1B 8.64 32 350 198 4 4 After final Oxidation Pond 9.13 55 232 133 4x10 9x10 Standards for discharge in 5.5-9 30 250 100 2100 streams Standards for discharge on land Remark: i) No reduction in BOD and an increase in COD are observed within the first stage oxidation ponds. Simillarly, an increase in BOD is observed in the second stage oxidation pond. This phenomenon can be attributed to algal growth, which was also observed physically. High TSS in oxidation ponds effluents also supports this observation. ii) Plant is not able to meet the standards for discharge in streams due to high algal growth eventhough it is receiving very dilute sewage. iii) There is no standby arrangement of generator during power cuts for running sewage pumps. iv) Treated sewage is utilized for irrigatio/farming. 5 MLD STP at Jajmau, Kanpur (June 2005) Design capacity of STP: 5 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 4.7 ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Number/Size Bar Screen Grit channel 2 nos.: 13.5 x 0.9 x 0.35 m each UASB reactors 1 no.: 10.22 x 13.04 x 4.5 m SWD 2 nos.: 10.22 x 6.52 x 4.5 m SWD each Sludge drying beds

PO4-P 7.22 2.85 1.97 1.88

HRT/SOR/Loading

5.75 hrs HRT

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point pH BOD COD TSS TDS Fecal Total AmmPO4-P Colliform Coliform N Raw sewage 300 503 520 After UASB reactors 90 220 81 Standards for discharge in 5.5-9 30 250 100 2100 streams Remarks: i) Observed efficiency of UASB unit is terms of BOD reduction (70%) and COD reduction (56%) indicates that its performance can be improved further. ii) Treated sewage quality does not conform to the standards for discharge in streams. 36 MLD STP at Jajmau, Kanpur (June 2005) Design capacity of STP: 36 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP:31 ML/d (24 MLD on day of monitoring) (27 MLD sewage+9 MLD ind. Effluent) (25 MLD sewage+6 MLD ind. Effluent) Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Number/Size Screen channel (Industrial) 2 nos.: 9.4 x 2 x 0.3 m each Grit channel (Ind.) 2 nos.: 11.15 x 2 x 0.7 m each Equalization tank (Ind.) 2 nos.: 38 m dia and 3.84 m WD Screen channel (sewage) 2 nos.: 8.56 x 1.2 x 0.3 m each Grit channel (sewage) 2 nos.: 9.63 x 1.5 x 0.63 m each Mixing tank 4.25 m dia and 3.24 m WD UASB reactors 2 nos.: 38.94x 20.8x 7.45 m SWD each Sludge drying beds 64 nos.: 25 x 16 m each

HRT/SOR/Loading

24 hrs

8 hrs HRT, 0.5 Kg COD/ Kg VSS

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point pH BOD COD TSS TDS Fecal Total AmmPO4-P Colliform Coliform N Raw sewage 7.87 480 793 954 After UASB reactors 8.0 193 321 58 Standards for discharge in 5.5-9 30 250 100 2100 streams Remarks: i) Observed efficiency of UASB unit is terms of BOD and COD reduction (60%) indicates that its performance can be improved further. ii) Treated sewage quality does not conform to the standards for discharge in streams. 130 MLD STP at Jajmau, Kanpur (June 2005) Design capacity of STP: 130 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 94 ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Screen channel Grit channel Primary clarifiers Aeration tanks Number/Size 4 nos.: 3 mechanical + 1 manual 3 nos.: 9.3 x 9.3 m each 3 nos.: 44 m dia and 3.5 m SWD each 3 nos: 52.5x 35x 5 m WD each HRT/SOR/Loading

Final clarifiers 3 nos.: 48 m dia and 3.5 m SWD each Sludge drying beds * at 2400 mg/L MLVSS and 0.65 times the observed BOD (assuming 35% removal in primary treatment),

28.5 m /m /d SOR, 2.95 hr HRT -1 5.1 hrs HRT and 0.34 d F/M* (design SRT: 9 d) 3 2 24 m /m /d SOR, 3.5 hr HRT

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage Final outlet of STP Standards for discharge streams pH BOD 264 67 30 COD TSS 548 99 100 TDS Fecal Colliform Total Coliform AmmN PO4-P

in

5.5-9

250

2100

Remarks: i) The Sewage interception works at Kanpur are maintained and operated poorly. During heavy shortage of power (5 hr. load shedding) the sewage pumping station at Jajmau, Kanpur remains non-operational resulting in discharge of 25 to 30 MLD untreated sewage into R. Ganga every day. Individual performance of primary settling unit and ASP unit can to be commented upon. However, overall performance of the plant is suboptimal. Considering the minimal HRT of the aeration tank, it may not be possible to operate the plant at the recommended SRT of 9 days. However, if the plant could be operated at any SRT value higher than 5 day, it may provide sufficient safety factor. High TSS in final clarifiier outlet also indicate that the plant is not operating properly. Treated sewage quality does not conform to the standards for discharge in streams. It is observed that the performance of plant can be improved further.

ii) iii)

iv) v) vi)

60 MLD STP at Allahabad (March 2005) Design capacity of STP: 60 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 48.84 ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Number/Size Primary clarifiers Aeration tanks

HRT/SOR/Loading
3 2

3 nos.: 31 m dia each 2.49 hr HRT, 28 m /m /d SOR -1 3 nos.: 17.8 x 16.6 x 5 m WD each 12.3 hr HRT, 0.42 d F/M* with 9 aerators of 50 BHP each 3 2 Final clarifiers 3 nos.: 34 m dia each 3.26 hr HRT, 28 m /m /d SOR Sludge digesters 3 nos.: 27 m dia each 30 d HRT Sludge drying beds 24 nos.: 24.6 x 24.6 m * at 2400 mg/L MLVSS and 0.65 times the observed BOD (assuming 35% removal in primary treatment), Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point pH BOD COD TSS TDS Fecal Total AmmColliform Coliform N 6 7 Raw sewage 7.6 115 439 276 2.7x10 1.3x10 40.3 After Primary clarifier 1 7.7 53 108 82 44.4 After Primary clarifier 2 7.8 50 161 71 49.0 After Primary clarifier 3 7.8 32 82 66 47.0 Aeration tank 1 512 Aeration tank 2 798 Aeration tank 3 1207 After Secondary clarifier 1 8.0 23 29 32 44.2 After Secondary clarifier 2 8.0 28 51 47 45.1 After Secondary clarifier 3 8.0 29 35 39 40.0 4 6 Final outlet of STP 8.0 28 54 47 1.710 2.2x10 41.0 Standards for discharge in 5.5-9 30 250 100 2100 streams Remarks: i) Distribution of sewage to STP & bypass is not regular, sometimes plant gets huge amount of sewage & sometimes very low. ii) Results of analysis of samples indicate that the primary settling units are performing fairly well in terms of BOD/COD reduction. Their operation needs further improvement to achieve <50 mg/L TSS in outlet. iii) The low MLSS contents and further lower content of its organic proportions, MLVSS indicate that the plant is not properly operated. This may also be due to dilute inlet characteristics iv) ASP unit is being fed with low organic load. Still, its performance in terms of percentage BOD/COD reduction is not upto the mark. Performance of biological unit can be improved. Scope for using fewer aerators can be studied. v) Treated sewage quality conforms to the standards for discharge in streams. vi) It is observed that the performance of plant can be improved further. 14 MLD STP at Mirzapur (March 2005) Design capacity of STP: 14 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 13.78 ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Number/Size Screen channel 9.43 x 4.2 m Grit channel 2 nos.: 9.4 x 2 x 0.6 m each UASB reactors 2 nos.: 46.02x20.81x5.03 m SWD each Polishing pond One Sludge drying beds 12 nos.: 18 x 14 m each

PO4-P 2.5 3.1 2.71 3.61

2.26 2.14 3.19 2.41

HRT/SOR/Loading

24 hour HRT

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage After UASB reactor 1 After UASB reactor 2 Before Polishing pond After Polishing pond Standards for discharge streams Remarks: i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) Plant recieves low strength sewage. Gas formation in UASB system was found below optimum level and thus the treatment economics of the plant is being affected. Flow in inlet varied highly and thus put pressure on reactor's performance and in maintenance of sludge blanket. Proper screening must be ensured; otherwise it is delivering trash into the reactors. Overall performance of the plant is satisfactory. TSS in UASB effluent seems higher. If it can be improved, efficiency of UASB in terms of BOD/COD will also improve correspondingly. Treated sewage quality conforms to the standards for discharge in streams. pH 7.5 7.4 7.8 7.5 7.6 5.5-9 BOD 125 51 44 46 29 30 COD 326 176 177 144 123 250 TSS 279 104 99 100 41 100 TDS Fecal Colliform 6 8x10 Total Coliform 7 1.3x10 AmmN 24.46 27.73 30.23 29.29 25.4 PO4-P 3.06 4.04 4.23 3.96 4.07

2.7x10 2100

3.3x10

in

12 MLD STP at Bhagwanpur, Varanasi (March 05) Design capacity of STP: 12 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 10.82 ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Screens Grit chambers Primary clarifiers Aeration tanks Number/Size HRT/SOR/Loading 2 nos.: 2 x 0.5 x 1 m each 2 nos.: 7.15 x 1.2 x 1.3 m each 3 2 2 nos.: 4.6 m dia and 3.5 m SWD each 3 hr HRT, m /m /d SOR -1 2 nos.: 15.6 m dia and 3.5 m WD each 2.7 hr(?) HRT, 0.21 d F/M* with aerators of 130 BHP 3 2 Final clarifiers 2 nos.: 16 m dia and 3.5 m SWD each 3.5 hr HRT m /m /d SOR Fish Pond 45 x 45 x 2 m Sludge digesters 2 nos.: 18 m dia and 8 m WD each Sludge drying beds 9 nos.: 28 x 12 m each * at 2400 mg/L MLVSS and 0.65 times the observed BOD (assuming 35% removal in primary treatment), Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point pH BOD COD TSS TDS Fecal Colliform 6 2.3x10 Total Coliform 6 5x10 AmmN 10.9 9.1 3.3 PO4-P 1.8 1.8 2.1

Raw sewage 7.7 86 169 113 After Primary clarifier 1 7.5 43 135 70 After Primary clarifier 2 7.5 27 96 43 Aeration tank 1 150 Aeration tank 2 704 4 5 After Secondary clarifier 1 7.6 30 158 161 8x10 1.1x10 3.4 4 4 After Secondary clarifier 2 7.6 8 59 23 7x10 8x10 8.3 Standards for discharge in 5.5-9 30 250 100 2100 streams Remarks: i) Results of analysis of samples indicate that the primary settling units are performing fairly well in terms of BOD/COD reduction. Their operation needs further improvement to achieve <50 mg/L TSS in outlet. ii) ASP unit is being fed with low organic load. Still, its performance in terms of percentage BOD/COD reduction is not upto the mark. Performance of biological unit can be improved. Scope for using fewer aerators can be studied. iii) Treated sewage quality conforms to the standards for discharge in streams. iv) It is observed that the performance of plant can be improved further.

1.8 1.6

80 MLD STP at Dinapur, Varanasi (March 2005) Design capacity of STP: 80 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 81.63 ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Primary clarifiers Trickling filters Aeration tanks Number/Size HRT/SOR/Loading 3 2 3 nos.: 31.2 m dia and 3.5 m SWD each 2.4 hr HRT, 35 m /m /d SOR 3 nos. 22.5 m dia and 1m depth each -1 3 nos.: 60 x 20 x 3.75 m WD each 4.05 hr(?) HRT, 0.25 d F/M* with 9 aerators of 10 BHP each 3 2 Final clarifiers 3 nos.: 40 m dia and 3.5 m SWD each 4 hr HRT, 21.2 m /m /d SOR 3 Sludge digesters 2 nos.: 21 m dia and 8.7 m WD each 2500 m each Sludge drying beds 25 nos.: 30 x 30 m each 3 nos.: 30 x 20 m each +1 no.: 30 x 15 m * at 2400 mg/L MLVSS and 0.65 times the observed BOD (assuming 35% removal in primary treatment), Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point pH BOD COD TSS TDS Fecal Colliform 6 2.3x10 Total Coliform 6 5x10 AmmN 42 42 45 49 54 49 50 PO4-P 1.99 1.65 1.30 1.84 1.47 1.50 1.44

Raw sewage 7.3 156 438 417 After Primary clarifier 1 7.5 90 238 195 After Primary clarifier 2 7.4 89 263 181 After Primary clarifier 3 7.4 80 172 144 After Trickling filter 1 7.4 79 253 149 After Trickling filter 2 7.4 66 215 142 After Trickling filter 3 7.5 62 227 167 Aeration tank 1 3257 Aeration tank 2 2347 Aeration tank 3 2903 After Secondary clarifier 1 7.7 26 96 55 35 After Secondary clarifier 2 7.6 37 85 42 50 After Secondary clarifier 3 7.8 25 46 54 50 4 4 Final outlet 7.7 27 72 53 7x10 8x10 40 Standards for discharge in 5.5-9 30 250 100 2100 streams Remarks: i) Results of analysis of samples indicate that the primary settling units are performing well in terms of BOD/COD reduction but not in terms of outlet TSS. Their operation needs to be improved to achieve <50 mg/L TSS in outlet. ii) ASP unit is being fed with low organic load. Still, its performance in terms of percentage BOD/COD reduction is not upto the mark because of BOD/COD associated with escaping solids. Scope for using fewer aerators can be studied. iii) Treated sewage quality conforms to the standards for discharge in streams. iv) It is observed that the performance of plant can be improved further.

1.59 0.61 0.50 0.92

12 MLD STP at DLW, Varanasi (xxx) Design capacity of STP: 12 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Grit chamber Primary clarifiers Aeration tanks Number/Size HRT/SOR/Loading

2 nos.: 6.15 x 1 x 1.3 m each 3 2 2 nos.: 13.24 m dia and 3.8 m SWD each 2.1 hr HRT, 43.6 m /m /d SOR -1 2 nos.: 15 x 14 x 3.38 m WD each 2.84 hr(?) HRT, 0.37 d F/M* with 2 aerators of 10 HP each 3 2 Final clarifiers 2 nos.: 16.8 m dia and 3.5 m SWD each 3.1 hr HRT 27.1 m /m /d SOR 3 Sludge digesters 2 nos.: 14 m dia and 6 m WD each 2500 m each Sludge drying beds 10 nos.: 28 x 12 m each * at 2400 mg/L MLVSS and 0.65 times the 160 mg/L BOD (assuming BOD same as for other plant and 35% removal in primary treatment),

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage After Primary clarifier Aeration tank Final outlet Standards for discharge streams Remarks: i) ii) Plant is always under loaded (3-4MLD) and has always been receiving highly diluted sewage. Intermittent sewage supply from the Main Pumping Station (MPS) is a major problem. Raw sewage characteristics are appreciably diluted and this makes plant operation difficult as the plant has been designed for higher organic loading. pH BOD COD TSS TDS Fecal Colliform Total Coliform AmmN PO4-P

in

5.5-9

30

250

100

2100

42 MLD STP at Lucknow (28.02.05) Design capacity of STP: 42 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: Approx. 40 ML/d 3 3 (Instant values varied widely between 290 m /hr to 2900 m /hr) Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Screens Grit chambers Primary clarifiers Fluidized aerobic bed reactors Secondary clarisettlers Chlorine contact tank Sludge thickener Sludge drying beds Number/Size 4 nos.: 6.8 x 1 x 0.566 m each 3 nos.: 6 x 6 x 1 m each 3 nos.: 31.2 m dia and 3.5 m SWD each 6 nos.: 10.6 m dia and 5.5 m WD each 3 nos.: 17.5 m dia and 3.75 m SWD each 3 nos.: 21.5 m dia and 2.75 m WD 14.4 m dia and 3 m SWD 11 nos.: 16 x 15 m each 3 nos.: 16 x 12.5 m each 4 no.: 7.5 x 7.5 m each HRT/SOR/Loading

4.6 hr HRT, 18.31 m /m /d SOR 1.55 hr HRT, 58.2 m /m /d SOR

3 2

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage After Grit chamber After FAB reactor 1 After FAB reactor 2 After FAB reactor 3 After Clarisettler 1 After Clarisettler 2 After Clarisettler 3 Final outlet Standards for discharge streams Remarks: i) ii) Plant operation and maintenance is very poor as indicated by fluctuation in flow being fed to the plant and high TSS in final califiers outlet. Final clarifiier being an integral part of aerobic biological system for it seperates settleable organic matter and results in a clarified effluent, proper operation of final clarifiers is key to achieve better overall efficiency. It is observed that overall performance of the plant could have improved if clarifiiers were operated properly. SOR is too high. Treated sewage quality does not conform to the standards for discharge in streams. pH 7.8 BOD 153 139 122 121 127 45 63 61 58 30 COD 297 293 259 186 241 97 145 158 132 250 TSS 275 285 TDS Fecal Colliform 10 1.6x10 Total Coliform 11 1.6x10 AmmN PO4-P

in

7.9 5.5-9

52 106 124 107 100

1.5x10 2100

1.9x10

iii)

38 MLD STP at Saharanpur (March 2005) Design capacity of STP: 38 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 26 ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Screen chamber Grit channel UASB reactors Polishing pond Sludge drying beds Number/Size 2 nos.: 10 x 5 x 2 m and 10 x 5 x 1.8 m 3 nos.: 2 x 2 x 1.65 m each 4 nos.: 28 x 24 x 5.55 m each 2 nos.: 12667.5 m2 each 20 nos.: 25 x 14 m each HRT/SOR/Loading

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage After Grit channel After UASB reactor After Polishing pond Standards for discharge streams Remarks: i) ii) iii) iv) v) Plant recieves low BOD sewage but COD to BOD ratio of raw sewage (6.6) is quit high indicating possiblity of industrial waste being mixed with sewage. Overall performance of the plant is satisfactory. Treated sewage quality conforms to the standards for discharge in streams. Of the two polishing ponds, only one was in use and the other was damaged. During power cuts of arround 10 hr per day, the sewage is bypassed untreated. pH 7.5 7.5 7.3 7.3 5.5-9 BOD 67 67 18 8 30 COD 440 465 135 99 250 TSS 415 320 64 24 100 TDS Fecal Colliform 5 8x10
5

Total Coliform 6 2.3x10

6

AmmN

PO4-P 3.34 3.29 4.50 4.64

1.4x10 2100

1.7x10

in

32.5 MLD STP at Muzzafarnagar (March 05) Design capacity of STP: 32.5 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Screen chamber Grit channel Primary ponds Secondary ponds Sludge drying beds Number/Size 2 nos.: 3 nos.: 2 nos.: 10.5 ha area and 1.5 m depth each 2 nos.: 10.5 ha area and 1.1 m depth each 20 nos.: 25 x 14 m each HRT/SOR/Loading

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage After Secondary pond 1 After Secondary pond 2 Final outlet (Average of the two secondary ponds) Standards for discharge in streams Remarks: i) ii) iii) Plant is not able to achieve the discharge standards in terms of BOD. It was obseved that the primary ponds were nearly full with sludge and their cleaning was over due. This condition must have led to reduced efficiency TSS in final effluent is also high. Control of TSS by checking adequacy of outlet structures will also help in improving overall efficiency of the plant. pH 7.4 8.5 8.4 8.5 5.5-9 BOD 156.6 23.7 41.9 32.8 30 COD 564 205 218 111.5 250 TSS 570 70 72 71 100 2100 TDS Fecal Colliform 7 1.9x10
5

Total Coliform 7 1.9x10

6

AmmN

PO4-P 5.19 3.29 2.83 3.06

9.5x10

4.6x10

70 MLD STP at Cis Hindon area Ghaziabad (xxx) Design capacity of STP: 70 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 55 ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Screen chamber Grit channel UASB reactors Polishing pond Sludge drying beds Number/Size 4 nos.: 6 x 2.5 x 1.13 m each 4 nos.: 20 x 2.75 x 1.5 m each 4 nos.: 40 x 32 x 6.38 m each 2 nos.: 190 x 144 x 1.5 m each 16 nos.: 35.5 x 23.66 m each HRT/SOR/Loading

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage After Grit channel After UASB reactor After Polishing pond Standards for discharge streams Remarks: i) ii) iii) iv) Overall performance of the plant is not satisfactory and plant is not able to achieve the norms for dicharge in strems. Effiency of UASB reactor in terms of COD reduction is less. High TSS in UASB outlet appaers to be main reason for this. Efficiency of polishing pond unit in terms of BOD/COD reduction is also low because only one pond was in use the other was closed for removal of accumulated sludge. Gas generated in UASB reactors is not being utilized in dual fuel generators. pH 7.3 7.3 7.4 7.4 5.5-9 BOD 209 178 80 50 30 COD 608 500 248 149 250 TSS 479 379 105 40 100 TDS Fecal Colliform 6 1.7x10
5

Total Coliform 6 1.3x10

6

AmmN

PO4-P 5.18 4.82 5.24 4.01

2x10 2100

2.4x10

in

56 MLD STP at Trans Hindon area Ghaziabad (xxx) Design capacity of STP: 56 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Screen chamber Grit channel UASB reactors Polishing pond Sludge drying beds Number/Size 2nos.: 5 x 1.6 m each 2nos.: 5 x 1.3 m each 4 nos.: 20 x 2 x 1.5 m each 4 nos.: 32 x 32 x 6.1 m each 2 nos.: 180 x 120 x 2 m each 16 nos.: 35.5 x 23.66 m each HRT/SOR/Loading

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point After Grit channel After UASB reactor After Polishing pond Standards for discharge streams Remarks: i) ii) iii) Overall performance of the plant is not satisfactory and plant is not able to achieve the norms for dicharge in strems. Efficiency of polishing pond unit in terms of BOD/COD reduction is low because only one pond was in use the other was closed for removal of accumulated sludge. Gas generated in UASB reactors is not being utilized in dual fuel generators. pH 7.1 7.3 7.3 5.5-9 BOD 140 51 37 30 COD 325 145 114 250 TSS 228 68 39 100 TDS Fecal Colliform
5

Total Coliform
6

AmmN

PO4-P

1.3x10 2100

2.4x10

in

27 MLD STP at Sector 54 NOIDA (xxx) Design capacity of STP: 27 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 27 ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Screen channel (for 36 MLD flow) Grit channel (for 36 MLD flow) UASB reactors Polishing pond Sludge drying beds Number/Size 2nos.: 6 x 2 x 1 m each 3 nos.: 21.2 x 2 x 1.28 m each 3 nos.: 26 x 24 x 5.9 m each 2 nos.: 111.5 x 95 x 1.3 m each 10 nos.: 25.58 x 15 m each HRT/SOR/Loading

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage After Grit channel After UASB reactor After Polishing pond Standards for discharge streams Remarks: i) ii) iii) iv) Overall performance of the plant is such that it is just able to achieve the norms for dicharge in strems. Efficiency of polishing pond unit in terms of BOD/COD reduction is low. Gas generated in UASB reactors is not being utilized in dual fuel generators. Plant receives 36 MLD flow of which 9 MLD is diverted after Grit channel to another 9 MLD plant based on oxidation pond technology. pH 7.06 7.15 7.22 7.38 5.5-9 BOD 139 151 62 30 30 COD 454 559 213 99 250 TSS 317 161 90 47 100 TDS Fecal Colliform 6 8x10
4

Total Coliform 7 2.3x10

5

AmmN

PO4-P 3.75 3.79 5.70 5.11

8x10 2100

3x10

in

34 MLD STP at Sector 50 NOIDA (xxx) Design capacity of STP: 34 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 34 ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Screen channel Grit channel UASB reactors Polishing pond Sludge drying beds Number/Size 2nos.: 6.25 x 2 x 1.2 m each 3 nos.: 20 x 2 x 1.25 m each 4 nos.: 24 x 24 x 5.9 m each 2 nos.: 237.4 x 55.1 x 1.3 m each 16 nos.: 22.7 x 13.4 m each HRT/SOR/Loading

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage After Grit channel After UASB reactor After Polishing pond Standards for discharge streams Remarks: i) ii) vii) Plant receives low BOD sewage but COD to BOD ratio (3.6) is high. Overall performance of the plant is not satisfactory and it is not able to achieve the norms for dicharge in strems inspite of low BOD raw sewage. Efficiency of polishing pond unit in terms of BOD/COD reduction is very low. pH 7.07 7.20 7.11 7.59 5.5-9 BOD 92 114 47 35 30 COD 330 418 221 123 250 TSS 183 280 70 31 100 TDS Fecal Colliform 1.7x10 4x10 2100
5 7

Total Coliform 3x10 4x10

7

AmmN

PO4-P 3.14 3.53 4.43 4.89

in

9 MLD STP at Sector 54 NOIDA (xxx) Design capacity of STP: 9 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 9 ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Screen channel (for 36 MLD flow at 27 MLD plant) Grit channel (for 36 MLD flow at 27 MLD plant) Oxidation ponds Number/Size 2nos.: 6 x 2 x 1 m each 3 nos.: 21.2 x 2 x 1.28 m each 2 nos.: HRT/SOR/Loading

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage Final outlet Standards for streams pH 7.02 7.45 5.5-9 BOD 161 39 30 COD 616 178 250 TSS 363 134 100 TDS Fecal Colliform 1.3x10 2100
5

Total Coliform 2.3x10

5

AmmN

PO4-P 4.63 0.42

discharge

in

Remarks: Plant is not maintained properly and is not able to achieve the discharge standards. 10.445 MLD STP at Etawah (July 5, 2005) Design capacity of STP: 10.445 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 16 ML/d 10.445 ML/d treated in plant Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Anaerobic ponds Primary facultative ponds Secondary facultative ponds
2

Number/Size 2 nos.: 832.69 m and 672.06 m 2 2 2 3 nos.: 9728.2 m , 6319 m and 5007.04 m 2 2 2 nos.: 4777.41 m and 6154.99 m
2

HRT/SOR/Loading 1 d HRT 4 d HRT for two stages ..do..

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage Final outlet Standards for streams Remarks: i) ii) iii) iii) Plant receives low BOD sewage but COD to BOD ratio (5) is high. Plant is not able to meet the standards in terms of TSS which is 118 mg/L in final effluent. High TSS in effluent primarily consisted of algae. Improvement in outlet structure to arrest floating algal floccs will help reducing outlet TSS and increase effiency of BOD/COD removal. Plant receives 16 MLD effluents. 10.445 MLD is treated in the plant and the rest is bypassed untreated. Epantion of the plant is proposed in Phase-3 pH 7.70 8.02 5.5-9 BOD 52 21 30 COD 262 167 250 TSS 434 118 100 TDS Fecal Colliform 6 3x10 4 4x10 Total Coliform 6 7x10 4 8x10 AmmN PO4-P 4.4 3.1

discharge

in

2100

0.5 MLD STP at Kali Deh, Vrindavan (March 29, 2005) Design capacity of STP: 0.5 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 0.315 ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Anaerobic ponds Primary facultative ponds Secondary facultative ponds Number/Size 2 nos.: depth 3.5 m 4 nos.: depth 1.5 m 2 nos.: depth 1.5 m HRT/SOR/Loading

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage Final outlet Standards for streams Remarks: i) ii) iii) iv) About half of the sewage reaching STPs was being bypassed and only half was taken for treatment in the plant. Excess sludge accumulation was observed in anaerobic and facultative ponds, which reduced retention time and efficiency. Plant is not able to meet the standards in terms of BOD, which was 57 mg/L in the final effluent. Plant is facing problem of availability of funds for operation and maintenance. pH 7.3 7.4 5.5-9 BOD 118 57 30 COD 407 223 250 TSS 329 74 100 TDS Fecal Colliform 7 5x10 6 1.7x10 Total Coliform 7 9x10 6 1.7x10 AmmN PO4-P 3.81 4.38

discharge

in

2100

4 MLD STP near Pagal Baba Mandir, Vrindavan (March 30, 2005) Design capacity of STP: 4 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 8.2 MLDML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Anaerobic ponds Primary facultative ponds Secondary facultative ponds Number/Size 2 nos.: 47 x 34 x 3.5 m each 4 nos.: 94.6 x 44.6 x 1.5 m each 2 nos.: 94.6 x 44.6 x 1.5 m each HRT/SOR/Loading

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage Final outlet Standards for streams Remarks: i) ii) iii) iv) Plant was overloaded because more than twice the design flow was reaching the plant. Excess sludge accumulation was observed in ponds, which reduced retention time and efficiency. Plant is not able to meet the standards in terms of BOD and SS. Overloading, reduced retention time are the main reasons responsible for poor performance of the plant. However, improvement in outlet structures may be required to control high TSS, and the associated BOD/CODin the effluent. Plant is facing problem of availability of funds for operation and maintenance. pH 7.49 7.56 5.5-9 BOD 240 125 30 COD 628 197 250 TSS 554 108 100 TDS Fecal Colliform 7 8x10 6 1.1x10 Total Coliform 8 1.3x10 6 6.54x10 AmmN PO4-P 8.15 6.54

discharge

in

2100

v)

13.59 MLD STP at Masani, Mathura (March 29, 2005) Design capacity of STP: 13.59 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 15.4 MLDML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Anaerobic ponds Primary facultative ponds Secondary facultative ponds Number/Size 2 nos.: 90 x 50 x 3.8 m each 4 nos.: 82 x 75.5 x 1.5 m each 2 nos.: 179 x 82 x 1.5 m & 117 x 35.2 x 1.5 m HRT/SOR/Loading

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage Final outlet Standards for streams pH 7.6 7.8 5.5-9 BOD 10 31 30 COD 62 185 250 TSS 75 60 100 TDS Fecal Colliform 5 3x10 3 2x10 Total Coliform 6 3x10 3 2x10 AmmN PO4-P 1.07 3.76

discharge

in

2100

Remarks: i) ii) iii) iv) About 60% flow was being bypased and only 40 % was being treated in the plant. Outlet BOD/COD were observed higher than inlet values due possibly to dilution of sewage. Plant operation and maintenance was very poor. Desludging of only anaerobic pond is done and desludging of facultative ponds is not done. Plant is not able to meet the standards in terms of BOD.

14.5 MLD STP at Bangali Ghat, Dairy Farm Zone, Mathura (March 29, 2005) Design capacity of STP: 14.5 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: MLDML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Anaerobic ponds Primary facultative ponds Secondary facultative ponds Number/Size 2 nos.: 94 x 52 x 3.5 m each 4 nos.: 127 x 85 x 1.5 m each 2 nos.: 127 x 85 x 1.5 m each HRT/SOR/Loading

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage Final outlet Standards for streams Remarks: i) ii) iii) Desludging of only anaerobic pond is inpractice. Plant was nonoperational in the moring hours of day of monitoring due to power cut. Plant is not able to meet the standards in terms of BOD and TSS. Improvement in outlet structures may be required to control high TSS, and the associated BOD/CODin the effluent. It is expected that control of TSS within 50 mg/L may enable achieving BOD standards also. About 20% of treated sewage is utilized for irrigation but the rest 80% is discharged into an unlinned drain and this is accumulating and water logging a large area. High TSS and COD as compared to BOD in raw sewage indicates possibility of addition of industrial waste. pH 7.8 7.9 5.5-9 BOD 141 41 30 COD 752 140 250 TSS 861 168 100 TDS Fecal Colliform 5 3x10 3 2x10 Total Coliform 6 3x10 3 2x10 AmmN PO4-P 3.99 4.43

discharge

in

2100

iv) v)

2.25 MLD STP at Burhi Ka Nagla, Agra (March30, 2005) Design capacity of STP: 2.25 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Number/Size Anaerobic ponds 2 nos.: 29.5 x 28.5 x 3.5 m each Primary facultative ponds 2 nos.: 61 x 40 x 1.5 m each and 2 nos.: 59 x 42 x 1.5 m each Secondary facultative ponds 2 nos.: 61 x 40 x 1.5 m each

HRT/SOR/Loading

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point pH BOD COD TSS TDS Fecal Total AmmPO4-P Colliform Coliform N 7 7 Raw sewage 7.5 149 514 294 5x10 9x10 5.86 7 7 Final outlet 7.4 37 214 64 1.7x10 2.2x10 4.82 Standards for discharge in 5.5-9 30 250 100 2100 streams Remarks: i) ii) iii) iv) About 90% flow was being bypased and only 10 % was being treated in the plant. Outfall of treated as well as untreated sewage is upstream of Old water works at Agra and affects raw water quality. Plant is not able to meet the standards in terms of BOD. Desludging of anaerobic ponds was in progress and removed sludge was being placed very near to Yamuna River, which will flow into the river with rain water.

10 MLD STP at Peela Khar, Agra (March 30, 2005) Design capacity of STP: 10 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Anaerobic ponds Primary facultative ponds Secondary facultative ponds Number/Size 2 nos.: 47 x 20 x 3.5 m each 4 nos.: 97 x 40 x 1.5 m each 2 nos.: 97 x 40 x 1.5 m each HRT/SOR/Loading

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage Outlet of STP Final outlet (treated + untreated streams) Standards for discharge in streams Remarks: i) ii) iii) iv) About 90% flow was being bypased and only 10 % was being treated in the plant. Outfall of treated as well as untreated sewage is upstream of Old water works at Agra and affects raw water quality. Plant is not able to meet the standards in terms of BOD. Desludging of anaerobic ponds was in progress and removed sludge was being placed very near to Yamuna River, which will flow into the river with rain water. pH 7.6 7.7 7.5 5.5-9 BOD 98 42 46 30 COD 411 210 233 250 TSS 182 97 74 100 2100 TDS Fecal Colliform 7 5x10 6 1.3x10 Total Coliform 7 5x10 6 1.7x10 AmmN PO4-P 5.54 4.83 4.86

78 MLD STP at Dhandupura, Agra (March, 2005) Design capacity of STP: 78 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 50 ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Screen channels Grit channels UASB reactors Polishing ponds Sludge drying beds Number/Size 2 nos.: 6 x 2.5 x 0.52 m each 3 nos.: 20 x 3.05 x 0.75 m each 6 nos.: 40 x 24 x 5.35 m each 3 nos.: 214 x 93 x 1.25 m, 160 x 129 x 1.25 m, and 162 x 122 x 1.25 m 36 nos.: 26 x 14 m each HRT/SOR/Loading

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage Outlet of UASB reactors 1-3 (combined) Outlet of UASB reactors 4-6 (combined) Final outlet after polishing ponds Standards for discharge in streams pH 7.3 7.5 7.7 7.4 5.59 BOD 120 56 46 38 30 COD 424 208 224 173 250 TSS 57 399 80 71 100 5x10 2100
6

TDS

Fecal Colliform 7 3x10

Total Coliform 7 9x10

AmmN

PO4-P 5.67 6.27 6.39

5x10

6.22

Remarks: i) ii) iii) iv) Plant capacity is under utilized as less than the design flow is being treated in the plant. Very less flow reaches STP during night hours 1200 midnight to 0400 am. Excess sludge accumulation in ponds was observed as the main reasons for under performance. Plant is not able to meet the standards in terms of BOD.

Performance of STPs in Uttranchal

0.32 MLD STP at Swargashram, Rishikesh (xxx) Design capacity of STP: 0.32 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: (?) ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Number/Size Settling pit 5 x 4.24 x 2.2 m Primary clarifier 5 m dia and 2.55 m SWD UASB reactors 2 nos.: 20 x 7.3 x 2 and 20.5 x 6.5 x 2 Polishing pond 20 x 6.5 x 1.2 m

HRT/SOR/Loading 3 2 15 m /m /d SOR, 3.5 hr HRT 3 2 16.3 m /m /d SOR, 3.8 hr HRT

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point pH BOD COD TSS TDS Fecal Total AmmColliform Coliform N 8 8 Raw sewage 6.8 212 456 210 2.4x10 5x10 After Primary clarifier 6.8 212 464 204 After UASB reactors 6.8 194 440 184 7 7 After Polishing pond 7.1 126 325 109 3x10 9x10 Standards for discharge in 5.5-9 30 250 100 2100 streams Remarks: i) Primary settling unit is performing badly as there is almost no change in sewage characterstics within this unit. ii) UASB unit is also functioning very poorly as there is negligible improvement in characterstics of sewage within this unit. iii) Polishing pond is also effecting only mariginal reduction in BOD (35%) and COD (26%). iv) High TSS levels in the outlets of primary clarifier, UASB reactor and Polishing pond indicates that settling in each of these unit is not satisfactory. TSS level after proper settling is expected <50 mg/L and should not exceed 100 mg/L. v) There is no arrangement for handling/disposal of primary and secondary sludge, which is a must for proper functioning of primary clarifier and UASB reactors. vi) Plant is not able to comply with the discharge standards due to above reasons. 18 MLD STP at Jagjeetpur, Haridwar (xxx) Design capacity of STP: 18 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 18 ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Number/Size HRT/SOR/Loading Screen 4 nos.: 3 mechanical, 1 manual; each for 15 MLD flow 2 Grit channel 3 nos. 3.2 m each; each for 15 MLD flow 3 2 Primary clarifiers 3 nos.: 15 m dia and 3 m SWD each 34 m /m /d SOR, 2.1 hr HRT -1 Aeration tanks 3 nos.: 15 x 15 x 5.2 m each 4.68 hr(?) HRT, 0.27 d F/M* with three aerators of 40 HP each 3 2 Secondary clarifier 3 nos.: 18.6 m dia and 3.5 m SWD each 22 m /m /d SOR, 3.8 hr HRT Sludge thickeners 2 nos.: 11.4 m dia and 3 m SWD each 6 % consistency Sludge digesters 2 nos.: 18 m dia and 7.9 m SWD 25 day HRT Sludge drying beds 12 nos.: 34.8 x 24 m * at 2400 mg/L MLVSS and 0.65 times the observed BOD (assuming 35% removal in primary treatment), Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point pH BOD COD TSS TDS Fecal Total AmmColliform Coliform N 8 8 Raw sewage 7.1 195 557 463 1.4x10 2.5x10 After Primary clarifier 7.1 93 174 121 4 4 Final outlet of STP 7.2 6 47 26 2x10 2x10 Standards for discharge in 5.5-9 30 250 100 2100 streams Remarks: i) Plant receives 30 MLD sewage. 18 MLD sewage is treated in the plant, and the rest is bypassed. ii) High TSS in outlet of primary settling unit indicates that its performing can be improved further. iii) ASP unit is being fed with low organic loading and it is performing well even though one of the three aeration tank was under maintenance at the time of study. iv) Gas generated in anaerobic sludge reactor is not being utilised v) Plant is able to comply with the discharge standards.

PO4-P 1.91 2.3 2.55 3.74

PO4-P 2.73 3.02 1.84

Performance of STPs in West Bengal

45 MLD STP Cossipore-Chitpore, Bangur, VIP Road, Kolkata, West Bengal (24.05.04) Design capacity of STP: 18 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 25-45 ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Number/Size Grit channel Primary clarifiers 2 nos.: 26.5 m dia and 3.5 m SWD each Aeration tank 91 x 15 x 3.5 m with 14 aerators of 25 HP each

HRT/SOR/Loading 40.8 m /m /d SOR, 2.06 hr HRT -1 2.56 hr HRT, 119-174 mg/L MLSS, 2.84 d F/M* , (?) d SRT 3 2 22.1 m /m /d SOR, 3.8 hr HRT
3 2

Secondary clarifier 2 nos.: 36 m dia and 3.5 m SWD each Sludge thickeners 2 nos.: 15.3 m dia and 3.5 m SWD each Primary sludge digester 15.3 m dia and 3.5 m(?) SWD 20-25day HRT (will depend on sludge qty) Sec.sludge digester+gas holder 24 m dia and 3.5 m(?) SWD 10-15day HRT (will depend on sludge qty) Sludge centrifuge 3 nos.: 20 HP each * at MLVSS=0.8 x 147 mg/L(observed average MLSS) and BOD=35.5 mg/L (observed average BOD after primary treatment)

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point pH BOD COD TSS TDS Fecal Total AmmPO4-P Colliform Coliform N Raw sewage 7.2 69 194 165 458 After Primary clarifier-1 7.12 34 103 60 448 After Primary clarifier-2 7.15 37 101 70 449 After Secondary clarifier-1 7.72 9 54 21 414 After Secondary clarifier-2 7.7 9 53 15 440 5 Final outlet of STP 7.79 8 49 16 464 3x10 Standards for discharge in 5.5-9 30 250 100 2100 streams Remarks: i) Sewage flow reaching STP varied between 25-45 MLD. ii) Plant is able to acheve standards because very low strength sewage is being received. iii) Considering a little high SOR at full design flow on PSTs, hourly flowrate may be regulated to improve their efficiency if total flow reaching STP per day is less than full design flow. iv) A lot of energy is being consumed in ASP unit to achieve a marginal reduction of BOD in this unit. It is required that under existing conditions of low strength sewage, a minimum number of aerators may be aerators may be operated. v) Abnormally high F/M (2.84) is observed at design flow condition. Even at half the design flow F/M will be very high. vi) Gas digestors have never been used as the solids content of sewage is very less.

10 MLD STP Bhatpara, Madrail, Kakinara, Bhatpar, West Bengal (24.05.04) Design capacity of STP: 10 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 10 ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Number/Size Anaerobic pond 106 x 50 x 4.8 m Facultative ponds 2 in parallel 2 nos.: 170 x 88 x 4.3 m each Maturation pond 178 x 116 x 3.9 m

HRT/SOR/Loading

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point pH BOD COD TSS TDS Fecal Total AmmPO4-P Colliform Coliform N Raw sewage 29 56 59 525 After Anaerobic pond After Facultative pond-1 18 47 33 483 After Facultative pond-2 7 14 18 466 5 After Maturation pond 4 11 BDL 443 3x10 Standards for discharge in 5.5-9 30 250 100 2100 streams Remarks: i) Plant receives very low strength sewage because most of the sewage connected is first treated in septic tanks. Even the raw sewage quality is meeting the discharge standards. ii) Accumulated sludge from the ponds has never been cleaned since the plant was established in 1991.

10 MLD STP Bhatpara (Old), Jagaddal, Bhatpara, West Bengal (24.05.04) Design capacity of STP: 10 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 11 ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Grit channel Primary clarifier Aeration tank Secondary clarifier Sludge thickeners Primary sludge digester Sec.sludge digester Sludge drying beds Number/Size HRT/SOR/Loading Reported HRT 2.36 hr Reported HRT 5.61 hr, MLSS: 352 mg/L Reported HRT 2.94 hr

8 aerators of 10 HP each Two

2

24 nos.: 240 m each

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point pH BOD COD TSS TDS Fecal Total AmmPO4-P Colliform Coliform N Raw sewage 60 127 168 After Primary clarifier 6 After Secondary clarifier 23 58 51 1x10 Standards for discharge in 5.5-9 30 250 100 2100 streams Remarks: i) Plant is able to acheve standards because very low strength sewage is being received. ii) A lot of energy is being consumed in ASP unit to achieve a marginal reduction of BOD in this unit. It is required that under existing conditions of low strength sewage, a minimum number of aerators may be aerators may be operated. iii) Gas digestors have never been used, as the solids content of sewage is very less.

10 MLD STP Bhatpara (new), Jagaddal, Bhatpara, West Bengal (24.05.04) Design capacity of STP: 10 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Grit channel Primary clarifier Aeration tank Secondary clarifier Sludge thickeners Primary sludge digester Sec.sludge digester Sludge drying beds Number/Size HRT/SOR/Loading Reported HRT 2.36 hr Reported HRT 5.61 hr, MLSS: 352 mg/L Reported HRT 2.94 hr

8 aerators of 10 HP each

24 nos.: 240 m each

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage After Primary clarifier After Secondary clarifier Standards for discharge streams pH BOD 179 54 30 COD 466 141 250 TSS 442 72 100 1.4x10 2100
8

TDS

Fecal Colliform

Total Coliform

AmmN

PO4-P

in

5.5-9

Remarks: i) ii) iii) Plant is not able to acheve standards.. Reasons for poor performance of STP need to be investigated and plant needs to be operated properly to achieve the standards. Gas digestors have never been used.

4.5 MLD STP Titagarh, Dumping Ground, Dangapara, Rahra, West Bengal (27.05.04) Design capacity of STP: 4.5 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 4-4.5 ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Grit channel Primary clarifier Aeration tanks 3 in parallel Number/Size
3 2

HRT/SOR/Loading

9.45 m dia and 8.45 m SWD 64.16 m /m /d SOR -1 3 nos.: 7.3 x 7.3 x 3.6 m each. Each 3.07 hr HRT, 394-746 mg/L MLSS, 1.56 d F/M*, having 2 aerators of 7.5 HP each (?) d SRT 3 2 Secondary clarifier 2 nos.: 9.45 m dia and 8.45 m SWD each 21.4 m /m /d SOR for circular clarifiers 3 2 1 no.: 7.3 x 7.3 x 3.6 SWD 28.15 m /m /d SOR for rectangular settling tank Sludge lagoon/ponds 2 nos.: 55 x 40 m each and 1 : .: 40 x 35 m * at MLVSS=0.8 x 570 mg/L(observed average MLSS) and BOD=91 mg/L (observed BOD after primary treatment) Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point pH BOD COD TSS TDS Fecal Total AmmPO4-P Colliform Coliform N Raw sewage 7.47 96 303 249 698 After Primary clarifier 7.02 91 289 153 596 After Secondary clarifier-1 7.6 15 104 53 640 After Secondary clarifier-2 7.5 12 95 47 598 After Secondary clarifier-3 7.65 11 84 36 577 6 Final outlet of STP 12 95 42 652 5x10 Standards for discharge in 5.5-9 30 250 100 2100 streams Remarks: i) Plant is able to acheve standards because very low strength sewage is being received. ii) Considering a very high SOR at full design flow on PST, additional PST mayt be added to the scheme. iii) Abnormally high F/M (1.56) is observed at full design flow condition iv) About 90% of the treated sewage is used for irrigation

4.54 MLD STP Titagarh, Dumping Ground, Dangapara, Rahra, West Bengal (27.05.04) Design capacity of STP: 4.54 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 4-4.54 ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Number/Size Oxidation pond-single stage 90 x 55 x 1.5 m

HRT/SOR/Loading 2 day HRT

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point pH BOD COD TSS TDS Fecal Total AmmPO4-P Colliform Coliform N Raw sewage 96 303 249 698 7 After Oxidation pond 22 113 54 617 5x10 Standards for discharge in 5.5-9 30 250 100 2100 streams Remarks: i) Plant is able to acheve standards because very low strength sewage is being received. ii) Separate flow measurement after distribution box of ASP plant and Oxidation pond is not possible. iii) About 90% of the treated sewage is used for irrigation

14.1 MLD STP Titagarh, Bandipur Gram Panchayat, Titagarh, West Bengal (27.05.04) Design capacity of STP: 14.1 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 12 ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Grit chamber Anaerobic pond 2 in parallel Facultative ponds 3 in parallel Maturation pond 2 in parallel Number/Size 0.7 Hectare area, 2.5 m depth 4.8 Hectare area, 1.5 m depth 4.8 Hectare area, 1 m depth HRT/SOR/Loading Reported HRT: 1 d Reported HRT: 4 d Reported HRT: 4 d

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage After Anaerobic pond-1 After Anaerobic pond-2 After Facultative pond-1 After Facultative pond-2 After Maturation pond -1 After Maturation pond -2 Final outlet (average) Standards for discharge streams Remarks: i) ii) iii) Plant receives very low strength sewage and treated sewage quality is meeting the discharge standards. Accumulated sludge from the ponds has never been cleaned since the plant was established in 1993. Anaerobic ponds were filled with accumulated sludge. Bunds between the ponds have been damaged at few places and need repair. pH 7.37 6.92 7.4 8.57 8.94 8.48 8.97 in 5.5-9 30 BOD 94 91 107 5 14 4 6 5 COD 303 281 947 89 82 72 41 57 250 TSS 284 82 963 72 31 32 15 24 100 TDS 584 594 571 548 529 510 388 449 2100 Fecal Colliform Total Coliform AmmN PO4-P

3x10 4 1.7x10 4 2.4x10

12 MLD STP Panihati, Natagarh Gram Panchayat, Panihati, West Bengal (27.05.04) Design capacity of STP: 12 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 4.2 ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Grit chamber Anaerobic pond 3 in parallel Facultative ponds 3 in parallel Maturation pond 2 in parallel Number/Size HRT/SOR/Loading

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage After Anaerobic pond-1 After Anaerobic pond-2 After Anaerobic pond-3 After Facultative pond-1 After Facultative pond-2 After Facultative pond-3 After Maturation ponds (combined) Standards for discharge streams Remarks: i) ii) iii) Plant receives very less flow as compared to its capacity and the treated sewage quality is meeting the discharge standards. Accumulated sludge from the ponds has never been cleaned since the plant was established. Bunds between the ponds have been damaged at few places and need repair. pH 7.17 BOD 93 39 33 29 29 33 36 20 30 COD 315 122 110 99 106 122 133 72 250 TSS 441 122 110 107 70 56 60 55 100 TDS 625 604 648 681 575 540 619 602 2100 Fecal Colliform Total Coliform AmmN PO4-P

8.47 in 5.5-9

2.3x10

47.5 MLD STP Garden Reach & South Suburban, Garden Reach, Kolkata, West Bengal (03.06.04) Design capacity of STP: 47.5 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 30-38 ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Grit channel Primary clarifiers Aeration tanks 2 in parallel Number/Size
3 2

HRT/SOR/Loading

2 nos.: 29.3 m dia and 3.5 m SWD each 35.22 m /m /d SOR, 2 hr HRT -1 2 nos.: 50 x 25 x 4.05 m each. Each 5 hr HRT, 224-730 mg/L MLSS, 0.54 d F/M*, (?) having 2 aerators of 25 HP each and 6 d SRT aerators of 20 HP each 3 2 Secondary clarifiers 2 nos.: 37.8 m dia and 3.5m SWD each 21.2 m /m /d SOR, 3.45 HRT Sludge thickeners 2 nos.: 14.5 m dia and 3.05 m SWD each Primary sludge digesters 2 nos.: 15.7 m dia and 8.4 m SWD each 16 hr HRT (will depend on sludge qty) Secondary sludge digesters 2 nos.: 15.5 m dia and 7.7 m SWD each 14 hr HRT (will depend on sludge qty) 3 Sludge cntrifuge 3 nos.: 5 m /hr capacity * at MLVSS=0.8 x 477 mg/L(observed average MLSS) and BOD=44 mg/L (observed average BOD after primary treatment) Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point pH BOD COD TSS TDS Fecal Total AmmPO4-P Colliform Coliform N Raw sewage 6.9 115 297 221 494 After Primary clarifier-1 6.95 53 138 57 487 After Primary clarifier-2 6.98 35 127 57 289 After Secondary clarifier-1 7.6 21 101 55 390 After Secondary clarifier-2 7.61 19 101 62 358 7 Final outlet of STP 32 112 62 402 1.7x10 Standards for discharge in 5.5-9 30 250 100 2100 streams Remarks: i) Plant is not able to acheve standards inspite of very low influent BOD level to activated sludge process. ii) Reasons for poor performance of STP need to be investigated and plant needs to be operated properly to achieve the standards. iii) Considering low influent BOD to aeration tank, use of aerators may be optimised to save energy. iv) Gas digestors have never been used. 30 MLD STP South Suburban (East) and Tollyganj-Jadavpur, South Suburban (East), Kolkata, West Bengal (27.05.04) Design capacity of STP: 30 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Number/Size Anaerobic pond 2 in parallel 2 nos.: 5.26 acre each, 3m depth Facultative ponds 2 in parallel 2 nos.: 20.38 acre each, 1.5 depth Maturation pond 2 in parallel 2 nos.: 15.71 acre each, 1.5 depth

HRT/SOR/Loading 1 d HRT 4.5 d HRT 3 d HRT

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point pH BOD COD TSS TDS Fecal Total AmmColliform Coliform N Raw sewage 7.65 29 107 130 312 After Anaerobic pond-1 7.80 17 50 86 416 After Anaerobic pond-2 7.70 34 103 35 285 After Facultative pond-1 7.9 15 68 64 362 After Facultative pond-2 7.86 20 68 124 737 4 After Maturation ponds 7.85 14 57 99 495 1.7x10 (combined) Standards for discharge in 5.5-9 30 250 100 2100 streams Remarks: i) ii) iii) Plant receives very low strength sewage. Treated sewage quality is meeting the discharge standards except fro TSS. Reasons for high TSS need to be investigated and rectified. Accumulated sludge from the ponds has never been cleaned since the plant was established. Bunds between the ponds have been damaged at few places and need repair.

PO4-P

45 MLD STP Howrah, Arupara, Howrah, West Bengal (07.06.04) Design capacity of STP: 45 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Grit channel Primary clarifiers Trickling filters 2 in parallel Secondary clarifiers Primary sludge digesters Secondary sludge digesters Sludge drying beds Number/Size 2 nos 2 nos 2 nos 2 nos.: 15.7 m dia and 8.4 m SWD each 2 nos.: 15.5 m dia and 7.7 m SWD each 24nos.: 31.7 x 8 x 0.4 5 m each HRT/SOR/Loading

16 hr HRT (will depend on sludge qty) 14 hr HRT (will depend on sludge qty)

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage After Primary clarifier-1 After Primary clarifier-2 Final outlet of STP Standards for discharge streams Remarks: i) ii) Plant receives very low strength sewage. Treated sewage quality is meeting the discharge standards Gas digestors were being used but no gas production was observed. pH 6.7 7.1 7.15 in 5.5-9 BOD 96 14 14 7 30 COD 285 39 39 21 250 TSS 464 23 20 11 100 TDS 481 501 511 1.1x10 2100
6

Fecal Colliform

Total Coliform

AmmN

PO4-P

18.16 MLD STPChandannagore, Khalisani, Chandannagore, West Bengal (07.06.04) Design capacity of STP: 18.16 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 15 ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Grit channel Primary clarifier Trickling filter Secondary clarifier Primary sludge digester Secondary sludge digester Sludge drying beds Number/Size 34.4 m dia and 3.4 m SWD 47.5 m dia and 1.43 m media depth 46.5 m dia and 3 m SWD 24.8 m dia and 7.5 m SWD 24.8 m dia and 7.5 m SWD 2 24nos: 562 m each
3 2

HRT/SOR/Loading 19.54 m /m /d SOR, 4.18 hr HRT 10.69 m /m /d SOR, 6.73hr HRT

3 2

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point pH BOD COD TSS TDS Fecal Total AmmPO4-P Colliform Coliform N Raw sewage 7.54 9 28 31 474 After Primary clarifier 7.65 8 25 20 447 After Trickling filter 8.2 9 25 18 457 5 Final outlet 8.1 5 14 9 438 9x10 Standards for discharge in 5.5-9 30 250 100 2100 streams Remarks: i) ii) Plant receives very low strength sewage. Treated sewage quality is meeting the discharge standards Gas digestors have never been used because of low strength of waste and low solids content.

11 MLD STP Kalyani, Block B2 & B3 Kalyani, West Bengal (10.06.04) Design capacity of STP: 11 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 3 ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Number/Size Grit channel Primary clarifier 24.2 m dia and 5 m SWD Trickling filter 35 m dia and 1 m media depth Secondary clarifiers 2 nos.: 18.3 m dia and 2.27 m SWD and 19.1 m dia and 2.44 m SWD Sludge ponds 2 nos.: 66.5 x 40.7 x 2 m and 66.5 x 39.8 x2m Sludge drying beds 20 nos.: 30 x 8 m each

HRT/SOR/Loading 19.54 m /m /d SOR, 4.18 hr HRT 10.69 m /m /d SOR, 6.73hr HRT

3 2 3 2

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point pH BOD COD TSS TDS Fecal Total AmmPO4-P Colliform Coliform N Raw sewage 6.4 38 126 266 706 After Primary clarifier 6.6 40 130 146 560 After Trickling filter 6.8 36 126 165 558 After Secondary clarifier-1 6.85 26 85 121 555 After Secondary clarifier-2 6.89 24 68 49 564 4 Final outlet of STP 7.02 23 85 87 540 2.2x10 Standards for discharge in 5.5-9 30 250 100 2100 streams Remarks: i) ii) iii) Plant receives very low strength sewage. Treated sewage quality is meeting the discharge standards Trickling filter was found submerged due to clogging of pores and therefore trickling filter was operating under anaerobic conditions. Industrial effluent mixed acidic sewage from Kalyani Silpanchal Area causes frequent corrosion of sewers.

6 MLD STP Kalyani, Block B2 & B3 Kalyani, West Bengal (10.06.04) Design capacity of STP: 6 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 4.5 ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Number/Size Anaerobic pond 2 in parallel 2 nos.: 52 x 26 x 2 m each Facultative ponds 2 in parallel 2 nos.: 150 x 64 x 1.5 m each Maturation pond 4 in parallel 4 nos.: 156 x 52 x 1 m each

HRT/SOR/Loading 1 d HRT 5 d HRT 4 d HRT

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point pH BOD COD TSS TDS Fecal Total AmmColliform Coliform N Raw sewage 6.4 38 126 266 706 781 After Anaerobic pond-1 7.05 37 92 172 After Anaerobic pond-2 7.1 21 82 152 716 After Facultative pond-1 7.7 21 68 35 468 After Facultative pond-2 7.1 12 38 36 599 3 After Maturation ponds 7.9 17 55 58 394 1.7x10 (combined) Standards for discharge in 5.5-9 30 250 100 2100 streams Remarks: i) ii) iii) iv) v) Plant receives very low strength sewage. Treated sewage quality is meeting the discharge. There is no flow measurement facility and flow distribution is also uneven. Water hyacinth was present in abundance in anaerobic ponds. Bluegreen algae were seen in some portion of one of the facultative ponds. Dead fish were also observed in the facultative ponds. Algae and fish were observed in abundance in maturation ponds.

PO4P

40 MLD STP Baranagar Kamarhati, Mathkol, Near Belgachia Metro Car Shed, Baranagar, West Bengal (14.06.04) Design capacity of STP: 40 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 25 ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Grit channel Primary clarifiers Trickling filters Secondary clarifiers Sludge thickeners Primary sludge digesters Secondary sludge digesters Number/Size 2 nos.: 26.2 m dia and 3.5 m SWD each 2 nos.: 34.6 m dia and 2 m media depth 2 nos.: 34 m dia and 3 m SWD each 2 nos.: 11.25 m dia and 3 m SWD each 2 nos.: 16.8 m dia and 6.45 m SWD each 2 nos.: 11 m dia and 7.5 m SWD each
3 2

HRT/SOR/Loading 37.1 m /m /d SOR, 2.26 hr HRT 22.03 m /m /d SOR, 3.27 hr HRT 20-25 d HRT 10-15 d HRT
3 2

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage After Primary clarifier-1 After Primary clarifier-2 After Trickling filter After Secondary clarifier/Final outlet Standards for discharge in streams Remarks: i) ii) Plant receives very low strength sewage. Treated sewage quality is meeting the discharge standards One Trickling filter unit was found completly damaged due to break down of shaft and bearings and it was under maintenance. pH 7.1 6.99 6.95 7.3 7.4 5.5-9 BOD 54 31 19 13 11 30 COD 189 108 102 89 59 250 TSS 170 42 27 32 17 100 TDS 307 544 255 540 551 2100 Fecal Colliform Total Coliform AmmN PO4-P

5x10

18.9 MLD STP Serampore, Jannagar Road, Serampore, West Bengal (14.06.04) Design capacity of STP: 18.9 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 10 ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Grit channel Primary clarifiers Trickling filter Secondary clarifiers Sludge thickeners Primary sludge digesters Secondary sludge digesters Sludge drying beds Number/Size 2 nos.: 24.4 m dia and 3.05 m SWD each 2 nos.: 30.48 m dia and 3 m SWD and 15.24 m dia and 2.5 m SWD 2 nos.: 11.25 m dia and 3 m SWD each
3 2

HRT/SOR/Loading 20.21 m /m /d SOR, 3.62 hr HRT 24 m /m /d SOR (provided flow is distributed proportionate to the surface areas of two clarifiers)
3 2

20 nos.: 31.7 x 8 x 0.4 m each

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage After Primary clarifier-1 After Secondary clarifier-1 After Secondary clarifier-2 Final outlet Standards for discharge in streams Remarks: i) ii) iii) Plant receives very low strength sewage. Treated sewage quality is meeting the discharge standards The treated sewage was slightly red in colour due to probabily to mixing of some cottage dying industry. Owing to clogging of orifice of trickling filter, uneven distribution of wastewater and non-uniform growth of biomass over the media bed and shortcircuiting of wastewater were observed. pH 6.95 BOD 52 27 12 12 8 30 COD 113 71 38 38 57 250 TSS 90 53 13 13 13 100 TDS 474 349
6

Fecal Colliform

Total Coliform

AmmN

PO4-P

7.6 5.5-9

359 2100

3x10

10 MLD STP Nabadwip, West Bengal (17.06.04) Design capacity of STP: 10 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: 4.5 ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Grit chamber Anaerobic pond 2 in parallel Facultative ponds 2 in parallel Maturation pond 2 in series Number/Size 2 nos.: 75 x 50 x 2 m each 2 nos.: 165 x 85 x 1.5 m each 2 nos.: 215 x 55 x 1.5 m each 3.5 d HRT 9 d HRT 7.8 d HRT HRT/SOR/Loading

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point Raw sewage After Anaerobic pond-1 After Anaerobic pond-2 After Facultative pond-1 After Maturation ponds Standards for discharge streams Remarks: i) ii) iii) pH 6.95 7.10 7.15 8.5 5.5-9 BOD 154 42 44 32 12 30 COD 286 112 109 155 99 250 TSS 86 26 26 69 18 100 TDS 809 599 607 620 622 2100 Fecal Colliform Total Coliform AmmN PO4P

1.7x10

in

Treated sewage quality is meeting the discharge. Water hyacinth was present in abundance in anaerobic ponds. No flow at outlet of one facultative pond was observed indicating high ground seepage from the pond. Accumulated sludge has never been cleaned since establishment of the STP.

3.7 MLD STP Behrampore, Interception-Diversion Treatment Scheme, Behrampore, West Bengal (17.06.04) Design capacity of STP: 3.7 ML/d; Average flow reaching STP: ML/d Unit sizes and loading on main treatment units at full load condition: Treatment unit Number/Size 2 Anaerobic pond 3462.7 m area 2 Facultative pond 28323.45 m area 2 Maturation pond 69129.37 m area

HRT/SOR/Loading 1 d HRT 5 d HRT 4 d HRT

Results of analysis of composite samples after different stages of treatment (All values in mg/L except pH, and Colliform in MPN/100 mL): Sample point pH BOD COD TSS TDS Fecal Total AmmColliform Coliform N Raw sewage-Baramuri drain 7.0 82 263 131 722 Raw sewage-Saidabad drain 7.05 93 276 130 883 Raw sewage-Gorabazar drain 7.10 100 213 74 687 After Anaerobic pond-1 After Anaerobic pond-2 After Facultative pond-1 After Facultative pond-2 After Maturation ponds (combined) Standards for discharge in 5.5-9 30 250 100 2100 streams Remarks: i) ii) Plant does not receives sewage due to failure of civil structure near main pumping station, which occurred within a fortnight time of its commissioning in 1994. There are three nearby drains that presently discharge sewage into three different Beels (Ponds). Gorabazar drain discharges sewage into Chaltia Beel, Barmuri drain that carries about 70% sewage discharges into Bishnupur Beel, and Saidabad drain discharges sewage into Chatra Beel. The three Beels meet another biger Beel, namely, Bhanderdah Beel and thereafter the sewage is discharged into River Pagla Chandi.

PO4P