HOW TO USE UBUNTU DESKTOP

Revision History
*A Added, M Modified, D - Deleted
Version

Date

A*, M, D

1.0

15.Jul.2011

Change Description
Create new

Author

Approved By

Nguyn Xun
Hong

L Vn Lp - IT
Manager

Table of Contents
How To Use Ubuntu Desktop.............................................................................................................1

Table of Contents.............................................................................................................3
1 Introduction....................................................................................................................5
1.1 Objectives....................................................................................................................................5
1.2 About Ubuntu...............................................................................................................................5
1.3 Ubuntu releases version................................................................................................................6

1.3.1 Normal releases..........................................................................................................6

1.3.2 Long Term Support.....................................................................................................6
1.4 Whats new?.................................................................................................................................6

2 How to use......................................................................................................................11
2.1 Unity Launcher.............................................................................................................................11

2.1.1 Thm cc ng dng vo Launcher.............................................................................12

2.1.2 Resize li kch thc cc icon trn Launcher..............................................................12
2.1.3 Ty chnh Launcher autohide.....................................................................................13
2.2 Dash............................................................................................................................................14
2.3 Application....................................................................................................................................14

2.3.1 Ubuntu Software Center.............................................................................................14

2.3.2 Evolution mail............................................................................................................15
2.3.3 G ting Vit.............................................................................................................16
2.4 Hotkeys........................................................................................................................................18

2.4.1 Unity Shortcuts..........................................................................................................18

2.4.2 Window Shortcuts......................................................................................................18
2.4.3 Terminal Shortcuts.....................................................................................................18
2.4.4 Compiz Shortcuts......................................................................................................19
2.4.5 Nautilus Shortcuts......................................................................................................19
2.4.6 Common Application Shortcuts..................................................................................20
2.4.7 Useful Shortcuts........................................................................................................20
2.4.8 Mouse Tricks.............................................................................................................20

2.5 Map Network drive........................................................................................................................20

2.6 Share file via Samba.....................................................................................................................21

3 Reference........................................................................................................................22

1 Introduction.
1.1

Objectives.

Ti liu ny m t thng tin tng quan v Ubuntu desktop 11.04 Natty Narwhal v cch s
dng c bn cc ng dng ca n, gip cc bn c th dng Ubuntu lm vic mt cch
nhanh chng, thoi mi v tin li khng khc g h iu hnh Windows.

1.2

About Ubuntu.

Ubuntu (pht m IPA ubuntu) l mt h iu hnh my tnh da trn Debian GNU/Linux,

mt bn phn phi Linux thng dng. Tn ca n bt ngun t "ubuntu" trong ting Zulu, c
ngha l "tnh ngi", m t trit l ubuntu: "Ti c l chnh mnh nh c nhng ngi xung
quanh", mt kha cnh tch cc ca cng ng. Mc nh ca Ubuntu bao gm vic cung cp
mt h iu hnh n nh, cp nht cho ngi dng bnh thng, v tp trung vo s tin
dng v d dng ci t.
Ubuntu l phin bn Linux desktop c s dng nhiu nht tnh ti thi im ny, theo s
liu thng k ca desktoplinux.com :

Ubuntu l phn mm m ngun m t do, c ngha l ngi dng c t do chy, sao chp,
phn phi, nghin cu, thay i v ci tin phn mm theo iu khon ca giy php GNU
GPL. Ubuntu c ti tr bi Canonical Ltd (ch s hu l mt ngi Nam Phi Mark
Shuttleworth). Thay v bn Ubuntu, Canonical to ra doanh thu bng cch bn h tr k thut.
Bng vc cho Ubuntu t do v m m ngun, Canonical c th tn dng ti nng ca
nhng nh pht trin bn ngoi trong cc thnh phn cu to ca Ubuntu m khng cn
phi t mnh pht trin.
Canonical ng h v cung cp h tr cho bn bn phn phi da trn Ubuntu khc: Kubuntu
v Xubuntu, vn s dng KDE v Xfce nh l mi trng desktop thay cho h thng GNOME
mc nh c s dng bi Ubuntu; Edubuntu, mt d n con v l phn b sung cho
Ubuntu, c thit k cho mi trng hc tp v s dng nh; v Ubuntu JeOS, mt phin
bn khc ca Ubuntu, thit k cho cc my o.

1.3

Ubuntu releases version

1.3.1 Normal releases

Cc phin bn Ubuntu c t tn theo dng Y.MM (tn), trong Y tng ng vi nm
pht hnh, v MM tng ng vi thng pht hnh. Tn trong ngoc l tn hiu c t cho
phin bn trc khi pht hnh chnh thc. Trong thng 10 nm 2004, Ubuntu pht hnh phin
bn u tin, Ubuntu 4.10.
Mi phin bn Ubuntu thng thng c h tr trong vng 18 thng, chng cng c pht
hnh nh k 6 thng 1 ln v vic nng cp ln phin bn mi hon ton min ph. Ngi
dng c khuyn khch nng cp ln phin bn mi c th s dng cc tnh nng mi
nht m ng dng cung cp.
Phin bn Ubuntu chnh thc mi nht hin ti l Ubuntu 11.04 (Natty Narwhal ) pht hnh 28
thng 4 nm 2011. D tnh phin bn tip theo s l 11.10 (Oneiric Ocelot).
1.3.2 Long Term Support
Ubuntu cng c nhng phin bn h tr di hn "Long Term Support", h tr trong vng 3
nm i vi my tnh bn v 5 nm i vi my ch. Ubuntu 10.04 (Lucid Lynx), ra mt vo
ngy 29, thng 4 nm 2010, l phin bn Long Term Support h tr n hin ti. Canonical s
ra mt phin bn Long Term Support mi 2 nm mt ln, v d kin s ra mt bn Long Term
Support tip theo vo nm 2012.

1.4

Whats new?

Trong s nhng im ni bt ca phin bn mi ny, ng ch l giao din Unity, b ng

dng vn phng LibreOffice c tch hp sn, v trnh qun l Compiz. Natty Narwhal - tn
ca mt loi c voi sng quanh nm Bc Cc - biu hin cho s chuyn mnh ln ca
Ubuntu, thot ra khi giao din mc nh GNOME. Ngoi ra, vi Natty Narwhal, Ubuntu c
phin bn dnh ring cho netbook v kh nng mi cho php ngi dng chy h iu hnh
m ngun m ny trong mi trng m my, m khng cn phi ti v hay ci t ln my.

Ca s ng dng

Workspace (vng lm vic) mi ca Ubuntu 11.04 cung cp cc ca s cha c lot ng

dng.
Trnh chiu phim, nghe nhc

Vi Ubuntu 11.04, trnh pht nhc, phim c b sung thanh iu chnh m lng, cho
php ngi dng thc hin cc thao tc nh chuyn sang bi ht tip theo hoc thay i
album t cng mt ch.

Giao din thong ng

Giao din mi ca Ubuntu 11.04 trng thong ng, ngn np.

Trnh qun l nh Shotwell

Shotwell tr thnh trnh qun l nh mc nh trn Ubuntu 11.04.

ng b vi "my"

Vi phin bn min ph Ubuntu One, ngi dng nhn c 2GB dung lng lu tr trn
my ng b cc tp tin, danh b lin lc, bookmark, v nhng ghi ch vi my tnh
ca h.
Firefox 4 l trnh duyt mc nh

Phin bn trnh duyt mi nht Firefox 4 ca Mozilla l trnh duyt Web mc nh trong
Ubuntu 11.04.

Unity hay GNOME

Ubuntu 11.04 cho php la chn giao din mi Unity h tr a chm hoc vn gi
nguyn giao din c in ("classic"). Ubuntu s t ng xc nh card ha xem c h
tr Unity hay khng. Nu my qu c khng h tr, giao din mc nh vn gi theo kiu
"c in".
Tm kim ng dng d dng

Natty Narwhal gip bn d dng tm kim cc tp tin, th mc, v ng dng. Vi tnh

nng Dash ca Ubuntu, bn ch cn nhp mt vi k t vo tm kim ngay pha trn v
lp tc s xut hin mt danh sch cc mc c s dng trong ngy, hm qua, v
nhng ngy gn nht. Nu bn khng nh tn ca mt tp tin c th, n gin ch vic
tm kim theo nhm.

2 How to use
2.1

Unity Launcher

Ubuntu 11.04 gii thiu mt b cnh mi c tn gi Unity, l nh cao thit k sau hai nm n
lc ca Canonical v cng ng Ubuntu.
Giao din sau khi ng nhp c dng nh sau :

Bn tay tri mn hnh l Launcher, gn cc shortcut cho php bn truy cp nhanh vo cc

chng trnh ci t trong my. Nu mt chng trnh m bn mun dng c sn trn
Launcher, n gin ch cn click vo icon ca n.
Khi mt ng dng khi ng, Launcher s trng thi n. Bn c th lm n xut hin
bng cc cch sau:

-Di chuyn chut sang ht cnh tri ca mn hnh, Laucher s xut hin sau 1 thi
gian ngn delay.

-Di chuyn chut ln phn gc trn bn tri ca mn hnh, Launcher s xut hin ngay.

-Nhn v gi phm Super ( Tc l phm Windows hay cn gi l Meta key ),

Launcher s xut hin km theo s trn cc icon ca ng dng nm trn n. Lc ny,
bn c th nhn km theo phm s tng ng vi cc ng dng khi ng ng
dng .

2.1.1

Thm cc ng dng vo Launcher

Chng ta s phi lm g khi mun thm cc ng dng mong mun vo Launcher cho d truy
cp?

Ko cc icon t ca s Dash vo Launcher.

Khi cc chng trnh ang chy, s c icon xut hin Laucher, click vo v chn
Keep in Launcher. g b icon ra khi Launcher, lp li thao tc ny.

Bn c th thay i, sp xp li v tr ca cc icon cho va bng cc ko th.

2.1.2

Resize li kch thc cc icon trn Launcher

Bn cm thy cc icon qu to, nhn thy ght ? Vy lm th no chnh n nh li va
mnh? Mc nh bn khng th chnh li kch thc cc icon trn Launcher, nhng c th
install software lm vic ny:

Ci t CompizConfig Settings Manager (ccsm) t Software Center.

Chy chng trnh ny, click vo Ubuntu Unity Plugin, v chn tab Experimental.

Di chuyn thanh slider tng hoc gim ty thch.

Ch : Kch thc mc nh ca cc icon trn Launcher l 48.

2.1.3

Ty chnh Launcher autohide

Khi bn s dng cc ng dng ca mnh, Launcher lanh chanh t xut hin khi r chut st
mn hnh tri. Lm th no iu ny khng xy ra?

Vo System Settings gc trn cng bn phi mn hnh

mc Personal, chn Launcher & Menu

Chn Touches the top left corner of the screen.

2.2

Dash

Dash cho php bn search nhanh mt ng dng ci t trong my hoc tm kim file, cng
nh ghi nh li cc ng dng v file bn mi va dng. Khi bn tng chnh sa mt bng
tnh hoc mt tm hnh m qun mt ni bn va save n, bn s thy tnh nng ny ca
Dash hu dng nh th no.
dng Dash, bn nhn vo logo ca Ubuntu gc trn bn tri mn hnh hoc nhn phm
Super. n n, nhn phm Esc.
Search bar trong Dash l global search bar, ngha l bn c th dng n search c ng
dng v file,khi search c ng dng hoc m bn mong mun, click vo n thc thi.
Hoc nhn phm Enter thc thi item u tin ca danh sch search.

2.3
2.3.1

Application
Ubuntu Software Center

Ubuntu cung cp th vin phn mm rt a dng v hon ton min ph cho ngi dng. Bn
c th tm kim cc ng dng mnh cn y v ci t ch vi 1 click chut.

2.3.2

Evolution mail
Chng trnh mail client nh km mc nh trong Ubuntu l Evolution Mail.
Bn c th nhn thy n gc trn bn phi mn hnh, IT Dept ci t sn bn c th
dung mail ch vi 1 click chut vo icon hnh l th.
Bn mun to Rule cho cc email ca mnh qun l n vo cc folder mt cch c trt t?
Vo tab Messages -> Create rule -> Filter y bn c th chn lc theo Subject, theo
Sender ty .

Sau chn tt c cc email mun thc thi rule, nhn Ctrl + Y .

Sau ny, khi mun chnh sa cc rule to ra, bn vo menu Edit -> Message Filters
qun l rule ca mnh.
2.3.3

G ting Vit
M SCIM bng Dash v thit lp ch g ting Vit:

T y v sau, khi bn cn g Ting Vit trong bt k trnh son tho vn bn no, bm phm
Ctrl + Space hin th SCIM gc pha di tay phi mn hnh.

Bn c th click vo SCIM toolbar ty chnh ch g VNI hay Telex

2.4
2.4.1

Hotkeys
Unity Shortcuts

Super (Win key) M Launcher, ln na tt.

Alt + F1 M Laucher, dng phm mi tn di chuyn v Enter chn
Alt+ F2 M Dash ch c bit chy command.
Super+A Bt applications menu.
Super+F1 Tp trung vo Launcher, s dng phm mi tn di chuyn v nhn Enter
chn.

Super+W Expo mode, thu nh tt c cc ca s ca tt c cc workspace v cho php di

chuyn chng.

Shift+Alt+ Up - Expo mode , thu nh cc ca s trong workspace hin ti.

Super+D Minimize cc ca s, lp li restore.

CTRL+Alt+Left/Right/Up/Down Di chuyn gia cc workspace

Super+S Expo mode, thu nh cc workspaces v cho php qun l cc ca s

Super+F M Files & Folders menu

Super + T m thng rc

2.4.2

Window Shortcuts
Nhng shortcuts ny c th s dng c trn giao din Classic cng nh Unity.

2.4.3

Alt+Tab Switches gia cc ca s.

Alt+F7 Di chuyn ca s hin hnh
Alt+F8 Thay i kch thc ca s
Alt+F9 Minimises ca s hin hnh
Alt+F10 - Maximises ca s hin hnh
Alt+Space M menu ca ca s.
Alt+F5 tr v kch thc ca s ban u.
Alt+F4 ng ca s
Terminal Shortcuts

Bn c th dng cc hotkeys ny khi ch Terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T).

Ctrl + A a con tr ln u hng

Ctrl + E a con tr ln cui hng
Ctrl + C kills process hin hnh
Ctrl + Z gi process hin hnh chy di ch nn ( background)
Ctrl + D Thot ra
Ctrl + R Tm dng lnh cui cng
Enter a letter, followed by Tab + Tab list ra cc command bt u bng k t
Ctrl + U xa line hin hnh
Ctrl + K xa cu lnh bn phi con tr
Ctrl + W xa cu lnh pha trc con tr
Shift + Ctrl + C copy dng lnh t chn
Shift + Ctrl + V (or Shift + Insert) paste
Alt + F di chuyn ln trc 1 t
Alt + B di chuyn v sau 1 t

Arrow Up/Down duyt li command history

Shift + PageUp / PageDown Scroll terminal output
2.4.4

Compiz Shortcuts

Nhng hotkeys sau i hi Compiz Desktop c bt.

Alt + Tab chuyn qua li cc ca s

Win + Tab chuyn qua li cc ca s c hiu ng Shift Switcher or Ring Switcher
Win + E Expo, hin th tt c cc workspace
Ctrl + Alt + Down hiu ng Film Effect
Ctrl + Alt + Left mouse button Xoay Desktop Cube
Alt + Shift + Up Scale Windows
Ctrl + Alt + D Hin th Desktop (Ch c GNOME)
Win + Left mouse button chp screenshot vng chn
Win + Mousewheel Zoom In/Out
Alt + Mousewheel - Transparent Window
Alt + F8 Resize Window
Alt + F7 Move Window
Win + P Add Helper
F9 - show widget layer
Shift + F9 show water effects
Win + Shift + Left mouse button Fire Effects
Win + Shift + C Clear Fire Effects
Win + Left mouse button Annotate: Draw
2.4.5

Nautilus Shortcuts

Shift + Ctrl + N To mi Folder

Super + T M thng rc
Alt + Home m th mc Home
Ctrl + T Xa file ang chn
Alt + ENTER Show File/Folder Properties
Ctrl + 1 Toggle View As Icons
Ctrl + 2 Toggle View As List
Shift + Right Open Directory (Only in List View)
Shift + Left Close Directory (Only in List View)
F2 Rename File
Ctrl + A Select all files and folders
Ctrl + W Close Window
Ctrl + Shift + W Close All Nautilus Windows
Ctrl + R Reload Nautilus Window
Alt + Up Open parent directory
Alt + Left Back
Alt + Right Forward
Ctrl + L go to location bar
F9 Show sidepane
Ctrl + H Show Hidden Files
Ctrl + + Zoom In
Ctrl + - Zoom Out
Ctrl + 0 Normal Size

2.4.6

Ctrl + C Copy
Ctrl + X - Cut
Ctrl + V Paste/insert
Ctrl + A Chn tt c
Ctrl + N M ti liu mi hoc ca s
Ctrl + S Save ti liu
Ctrl + O M ti liu khc
Ctrl + P In ti liu.
Ctrl + Z - Undo
Ctrl + Q Thot khi chng trnh

2.4.7

Useful Shortcuts
Prt Sc (Print Screen) Chp ton b mn hnh
Alt + Prt Sc Chp ca s hin hnh
Alt+Ctrl+Del khi ng li my.
Alt+Ctrl+L Kha my.

2.4.8

Common Application Shortcuts

Mouse Tricks
Tiling Dragging a Window to the left/right border will auto tile it to that side of the screen
Maximization Li ca s ln pha trn mn hnh maximize n.
Unmaximize Li xung pha di unmaximize ca s trn.

2.5

Map Network drive

Bn mun map th mc share trn network v workspace mi khi khi ng my s dng

cho tin?
Hy lm ln lt nh sau:
Bc 1: Login bng quyn root.To th mc map trong /media/ bng lnh mkdir. Vi tn
th mc c khong trng, bn dng k t \ trc khong trng.

Bc 2: To mi file ( hoc edit nu c )

gedit /root/.cifscredentials
Thm vo User name v password cho php truy cp a mng:
username=your_user
pass=your_pass
Save li.
Bc 3: Edit file /etc/fstab :
thm vo dng sau:
//10.0.1.1/MapFolder /media/Projects\040sm-env cifs
auto,iocharset=utf8,uid=User,gid=users,credentials=/root/.cifscredentials,file_mode=07
75,dir_mode=0775 0 0
Lu : thay th :

//10.0.1.1/MapFolder bng ng dn th mc trn mng bn mun map.

/media/Projects\040sm-env bng tn th mc m bn to ra bc 1.

User bng tn user truy cp network ca bn bc 2.

Nu dng khong trng, thay th bng \040

Dng lnh mount a kim tra li.

i vi a Local, ch thc hin bc 1 v 3, bc 3 thm vo dng sau:
/dev/sda5

/media/Data ntfs-3g

default 0 0

Vi /dev/sda5 l a local ( c th list a bng lnh fdisk l trc)

2.6

Share file via Samba

My bn c ci Samba, dng Dash de run Samba. S cn password root access

Samba, thit lp ch share nh sau :

Vo tab Access phn quyn user access.

3 Reference

https://help.ubuntu.com/11.04/ubuntu-help/index.html

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/NattyNarwhal/

http://www.pcworld.com.vn/