MC LC

PHN I: TNG QUAN MNG VIN THNG TNH I _ IN THOI........1

I. S TNG QUAN MNG VIN THNG VIT NAM..............................1
II. S TNG QUAN TNG I IN THOI............................................2
III. S - CHC NNG CA CC KHI.......................................................3
1...................................................................................................Khi bo hiu
.........................................................................................................................4
2....................................................................................Khi giao tip thu bao
.........................................................................................................................4
3....................................................................................Khi giao tip trung k
.........................................................................................................................4
4..............................................................................................Khi to m hiu
.........................................................................................................................4
5......................................................................................Kkhi gii m DTMF
.........................................................................................................................4
6...................................................................Khi iu khin - x l trung tm
.........................................................................................................................5
7...........................................................................................Khi chuyn mch
.........................................................................................................................5
IV. BO HIU TRN NG DY THU BAO...............................................5
1. Bo hiu trn ng dy thu bao gi...................................................................6
2. Bo hiu trn ng dy b gi.............................................................................6
V. H THNG M HIU CA TNG I.........................................................7
1. Tn hiu chung ( ring tone ).............................................................................7
2. Tn hiu mi gi ( dial tone ).............................................................................8
3. Tn hiu bo bn ( busy tone )...........................................................................8
4. Gi sai s...........................................................................................................8
5. Tn hiu bo gc my.........................................................................................8
6. Tn hiu o cc................................................................................................8
PHN II: THNG TIN THOI MY IN THOI...........................................10
I. KHI NIM........................................................................................................10
1. .S ...................................................................................................................10

2.

Nguyn l...........................................................................................................10

II.

NHNG YU CU C BN V MY IN THOAI................................10

III. NHNG CHC NNG C BN CA MY IN THOI.......................11

IV. NGUYN TC CU TO CA MY IN THOI..................................12
V.

CC KHI CA MY IN THOI...........................................................13

1.

Mch bo v qu p............................................................................................13

2.

Mch chng o cc...........................................................................................13

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3.

Hook on / off ( kha t hp bng nhc t t hp)............................................14

4.

Mch cp ngun..................................................................................................14

5.

Mch thu chung................................................................................................14

6.

Mch nghe..........................................................................................................15

7.

Mch ni.............................................................................................................15

8.

Mch hold ( mch ch )......................................................................................15

9.

Mch quay s......................................................................................................15

10. Mch trit click...................................................................................................15

11. Mch m thoi..................................................................................................15
12. Mch iu chnh m lng.................................................................................16
13. Cu sai ng.......................................................................................................16
PHN III: TM HIU V MCH GIAO TIP THU BAO..................................18
I.

S KHI MCH GIAO TIP THU BAO.............................................18

II.

CHC NNG CA MCH GIAO TIP THU BAO..................................18

III.

MCH GIAO TIP NG DY V CM BIN CHUNG...................19

IV. MCH M HI CHUNG..........................................................................20

V.

MCH CONTROL RELAY............................................................................21

VI. MCH HYBRID V MCH LC.................................................................21

VII. MCH NHC MY GI...............................................................................22
VIII. MCH BUSY TONE.......................................................................................22
IX. MCH TO TI GI.....................................................................................23
X.

MCH PHT TING NI..............................................................................23

XI. MCH NH THI.........................................................................................24

PHN IV: NGUYN L NHN DNG THU BAO TNG T........................25
I. M HIU MI QUAY S ( dial tone ).............................................................25
II. M BO BN ( busy tone )...............................................................................25
III.M HIU HI M CHUNG ( ringback tone )...............................................26
IV. DNG CP CHUNG.......................................................................................26
V. TN HIU CHUNG..........................................................................................26
VI. TN HIU QUAY S.........................................................................................27
VII. S MCH CHI TIT GIAO TIP THOI .............................................28

PHN I
TNG QUAN MNG VIN THNG
TNG I _ IN THOI
I .S TNG QUAN MNG VIN THNG VIT NAM
- Ngy nay,vn thng tin lin lc lun c t ln hng u. V vy
vic xy dng mt mng vin thng c cu hnh ti u nht, t hiu qu cng
vic cao nht l vic lm cn thit. iu cn thit khi xy dng mt mng li
vin thng hp l ta phi phn tch ,kt hp nhng u_khuyt im ca cc cu
hnh mng khc nhau nhm t c mt mnh li vin thng hon chnh.khi
,mng vin thng hon chnh l s kt hp ca mng hnh sao: cc tng i ni
ht trong vng ni tng i cp trn,tng i chuyn tip v v cc tng i cng
cp c ni vi nhau bng mch vng hay mc li. Vic phn cp tng i
nh vy gip cho vic qun l mng c d dng,gim ti a chi ph lp t v
gim s nh hng khi mng xy ra li.
Sau y l m hnh mng vin thng ca VNPT:

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II. S TNG QUAN TNG I IN THOI

Tng i l mt h thng chuyn mch,n c nhim v kt ni cc cuc
lin lc t thit b u cui ch gi (calling side) n thit b u cui b
gi(called side).

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Trang 6

1. Khi bo hiu.
Thc hin vic trao i thng tin bo hiu thu bao,thng tin bo hiu
ng trung k lin i phc v cho qu trnh thit lp,gii phng cc cuc
gi.cc thng tin ny c trao i vi cc h thng iu khin thc hin qu
trnh x l cuc gi(qu trnh tm chn v thit lp,gii phng tuyt ni cho cuc
gi).
Bo hiu thu bao_tng i: L bo hiu gia thit b u cui vi tng
i(thng thit b u cui l my in thoi)
Bo hiu trung k: L qu trnh bo hiu gia cc tng i vi nhau.
2. Khi giao tip thu bao.
L khi giao tip gia thu bao ni b vi tng i,n thc hin mt s
chc nng c bn sao:
- Cung cp ngun cho thu bao ni b.
- Pht hin trng thi nhc my,gc my ca thu bao.
- Cp chung cho thu baokhi c nhu cu thit lp kt ni.
- Bo v qu p.
3. Khi giao tip trung k
L khi giao tip gia tng i ni b v tng i khc, i vi tng i
khc mch giao tip trung k c xem nh l mt thu bao.thc hin chc nng
giao tip gia cc ng dy thu bao, cc ng trung k vi khi chuyn
mch.
Thu bao c trang b c th l thu bao tng t(Analog),thu bao
s(digital),ty theo cu trc mng tng i.
Trung k c trang b c th l trung k tng t(Analog),trung k
s(trunk digital)
4/. Khi to m hiu
To ra cc m hiu bo hiu nh:Dial tone, busy tone, ring back tone,
ringing.
5/. Khi gii m DTMF
L khi gii m tn hiu DTMF

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6/. Khi iu khin-x l trung tm.

Tp trung v x l ton b qu trnh hot ng ca tng i.
Phn tnh x l cc thng tin t khi bo hu a ti thit lp hoc gii
phng cuc gi(cc cuc gi c th l cuc gi ni ht, cuc gi ra, cuc gi vo,
cuc gi chuyn tip)
Thc hin tnh cc cho cc cuc gi, thc hin chc nng giao tip
ngi_my, cp nht d liu
Ngoi ra khi iu khin cn c chc nng thuc v khai thc bo dng h
thng m bo cho h thng hot ng tin cy
7/. Khi chuyn mch.
Chc nng ch yu ca khi ny l thc hin thit lp tuyn ni gia 1 u
vo bt k vi 1 u ra bt k. i vi h thng chuyn mch s, thit lp
tuyn m thoi gia hai thu bao cn phi thit lp tuyn ni cho c hai hng:
i v v
Thc hin chc nng cung cp tone v chuyn mch thng thoi cho cc
thu bao khi cn thit.
IV/. BO HIU TRN NG DY THU BAO
Qu trnh bo hiu trn ng dy thu bao c phn thnh hai hng
theo gin nh sau:
S

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1/.Bo hiu trn ng y thu bao gi

Trong cc mng in thoi hin nay, ngung ti tng i cung cp n cc
thu bao thng l 48VDC
Yu cu cuc gi: Khi thu bao ri, tr khng ng dy cao, tr khang
ng dy h xung nngay khi thu bao nhc t hp kt qu l dng in tng
cao. Dng tng cao ny c tng i pht hin nh l mt yu cu mt cuc
gik mi v s cung cp n thu bao m hiu mi quay s.
Tn hiu a ch: Sau khi nhn tn hiu mi quay s th bao s gi cc ch
s a ch. Cc ch s a chc th c pht i bng hai cch quay s, quay s
ch PULSE v TONE.
Tn hiu chm dt vic la chn: sau khi nhn a ch, b phn a ch
c ngt ra sau vic kt ni c thit lp,lc ny tng i gi mt trong cc
tn hiu sau:
- Nu ng dy gi b ri, m hiu hi m chuong n thu bao gi v
dng in rung chung n thu bao bo gi.
- Nu ng dy b bn hoc khng th vo cth m hiu bn n thu
bao gi.
- Mt thng bo c ghi sn gi n s thu bag ch dn cuc gi
hin ti b tht lc, khc vi trng hp thu bao b gi mc bn.
Tn hiu tr li tr v: Ngay khi thu bao b gi nhc t hp, mt tn hiu
o cc c pht ln thu bao gi. Vic ny cho php s dng hot ng
thit b c bit c gn vo thu bao gi(nh my tn cc).
Tn hiu gii ta: Khi thu bao gi gii ta co ngha l ON HOOK, tng tr
ng dy ln cao. Tng i xc nhn tn hiu ny gii ta tt c cc thit b lin
quan n cuc gi v xa cc thng tin trong b nh ang c dng km gi
cuc gi. thng thng tn hiu ny c khong thi gian hn 500ms.
2/. Bo hiu trn ng dy thu bao b gi.
Tn hiu rung chung: ng dy thu bao ri nhn cuc gi n, tng i
s gi dng in rung chung ti my b gi. Dng in rung chung ny c tn
s 20Hz, 25Hz, 50HZ c ngt khong thch hp. m hiu hi m chung cng
c gi v thu bao gi.

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Tn hiu tr li : Khi thu bao b gi nhc t hp nhn cuc gi, tng tr

ng dy xuung thp, tng i pht hin vic ny s ct dng rung chung v
m hiu hi m chung bt u giai on m thoi.
Tn hiu gii ta: Nu sau khi giai on m thoi, thu bao b gi ngt t
hp trc thu bao gi s thay i tnh trng tng tr ng dy khi tng i
s gi tn hiu ng dy lu di n thu bao gi v gii ta cuc gi sau mt
thi gian.
Tn hiu gi li b ghi pht: Tn hiu gi li trong giai on quay s trong
khang thi gian thoi c gi l tn hiu gi li b ghi pht.
Ngoi ra tng i cn cung cpcho thu bao mt s m bo v bn tin thng
bo khc. Tt c cc loi m bo u c s ha v lu tr trong vi mch
EPROM, mi mt m bo chim mt vng nh nht nh.
V/. H THNG M HIU CA TNG I
ng dy in thoi hin nay gm c hai dy v thng gi l tp ring
c mu v xanh. Chng ta khng cn quan tm n dy no mang tn l Tip
v Ring v iu ny tht s khng quan trng .
Tt c cc in thoi hin nay u c cp ngun t tng i thng qua
hai dy tip v ring. in p cung cp thng l 48VDC,nhng n cng c th
thp n 47VDC hoc n 105VDC ty thuc vo tng i.
Ngoi ra, hot ng giao tip c d dng, tng i gi mt s tn hiu
c bit n in thoi nh tn hiu chung, tn hiu bo bn. v.v Sau y ta s
tm hiu v cc tn hiu in thoi v ng dng ca n.
1/. Tn hiu chung (ring tone)

Dng tin hi chung

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Khi mt thu bao b gi th tng i s gi tn hiu chung n bo cho

thu bao bit c ngi gi.tn hiu chung l tn hiu xoay chiu AC thng
c tn s 25Hz tuy nhin n c th cao hn n 60Hz hoc thp hn n 16Hz.
Bin ca tn hiu chung cng thay i t 40V n 130V thng l 90V. Tn
hiu chung c gi n theo dng xung thng l 2s c v 4s khng(nh hnh
v) hoc c th thay i thi gian ty thuc vo tng tng i.
2/.Tn hiu mi gi(Dial tone)
y l tn hiulin tc khng phi l tn hiu xung nhcc tn hiu khc
c s dng trong h thng in thoi. Tn hiu ny c to ra bi m thanh
(tone) c tn s 350Hz v 440Hz.
3/.Tn hiu bo bn (busy tone).
Khi thu bao nhc my thc hin mt cuc gi th thu bao s nghe mt
trong hai tn hiu.
- Tn hiu mi gi cho php thu bao thc hin ngay mt cuc gi.
- Tn hiu bo bn bo cho thu bao bit ng dy ang bn khng th
thc hin ngay lc ny. Thu bao phi ch dn khi nghe tn hiu mi gi. khi
thu bao bi gi d nhc my trc khi thu bao gi cng nghe c tn hiu ny.
Tn hiu bo bn l tn hiu xoay chiu c dng xung c tng hp bi hai
m c tn s 480Hz v 620Hz. Tn hiu ny c chu k 1s(0.5sc v 0.5s khng).
4/. Tn hiu chung hi tip
Tng i s gi mt tn hiu chung hi tip v cho thu bao gi tng ng
vi ting chung thu bao b gi. Tn hiu chung hi tip ny c tng hp
bi hai m c tn s 440Hz v 480Hz. Tn hiu ny cng c dng xung nh tn
hiu chung gi n cho thu bao b gi.
5/.Gi sai s
Nu bn gi nhm s m khng tn ti thi bn nhn c tn hiu xung c
chu k 1Hz v c tn s 200Hz-400Hz. hoc i vi cc h thng in thoi
ngy nay bn s nhn c thng bo rng bn gi sai s.
6/. Tn hiu bo gc my.
Khi thu bao nhc ng nghe (telephone reciver) khi din thoi qu lu m
gith thu bao s nhn c mt tn hiu chung rt ln canh bo. Tn hiu

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ny l tng hp ca 4 tn s 1400Hz+2050Hz+2450Hz+2600Hz c pht dng

xung 0,1s c v 0,1s khng.
7/. Tn hiu o cc.
Hnh minh ha:

Tn hiu o cc chnh l s o cc tnh ca ngun ti tng i, khi hai

thu bao bt u cuc m thoi, mt tn hiu o cc s xut hin. Khi h
thng tnh cc ca tng i s bt u vic tnh cc m thoi cho thu bao
gi. cc trm cng cng c trang b my tinh cc, khi khi c quan bu
in s cung cp mt tn hiu o cc cho trm thun tin cho vic tnh cc.

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PHN II
THNG TIN THOI MY IN THOI
I/. KHI NIM:
Thng tin thoi l qu trnh truyn ting ni i xa,t ni ny n ni khc,
da trn c s nng lng ca dng in bng my in thoi.
My in thoi l thit b u cui ca mng thng tin in thoi, dng
thc hin qu trnh truyn thng tin thoi i xa (n mt my in thoi khc).
Qu trnh thng tin c minh ha nh sau:
1/. S
Mch in thoi n gin gm:
- ng ni
- ng nghe
- Ngun in
- ng dy

2/. Nguyn l
Khi ta ni trc ng ni ca my in thoi, giao ng m thanh ca ting
ni s tc ng vo mng rung ca ng ni thay i, xut hin dng in bin i
tng ng trong mch. Dng in bin i ny c truyn qua ng dy ti
ng nghe ca my i phng, lm cho mng rung ca ng nghe dao ng, lp
khng kh trc mng rung dao ng theo, pht ra m thanh tc ng n tai
ngi nghe v qu trnh truyn dn ngc li cng tng t.
II/. NHNG YU CU C BN V MY IN THOI
Bt c loi my in thoi no v nguyn l cng phi thoi mn yu cu
no :
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- Khi my in thoi khng lm vic phi trng thi sn sng tip nhn
cuc gi.
- Khi thu pht tn hiu gi b phn thu pht tn hiu gi phi tch ri ng
dy in thoi, lc trn ng dy ch cn tn hiu gi.
- Khi thu pht tn hiu m thoi b phn thu pht tn hiu gi li tch ra
khi ng in, lc trn ng dy ch cn dng tn hiu thoi. Khi m
thoi, b phn pht v tip nhn tn hiu chung phi tch ra khi ng in,
trn ng dy ch c dng in thoai.
- Khi thu pht tn hiu chung th b phn m thoi phi c tch ri
ng in, trn ng ch c dng tn hiu chung.
- My phi pht c m s thu bao b gi t tng i v phi nhn c
tn hiu chung t tng i a ti.
- Trng thi ngh, my thng trc n nhn tn hiu chung ca tng i.
Ngoi ra my cn phi ch to ngn gn, nh, n gn, bn, p, tin li
cho mi ngi s dung.
III/. NHNG CHC NNG C BN CA MY IN THOI:
Chc nng bo hiu: bo cho ngi s dng in thoi bit tng i sn
sng tip nhn hoc cha tip nhn cuc gi bng cc m hiu mi quay s,
m bo bn.
Pht m s ca thu bao b gi vo tng i bng cch thu bao ch gi n,
quay phm s trn my in thoi.
Thng bo cho ngi s dng in thoi bit tnh trng din bin vic kt
ni mch bng cc m hiu hi m chung, m bo bn,
Bo hiu bng chung ku, tn hiu nhc, cho thu bao b gi bit la c
ngi ang gi mnh.
Bin m thanh thnh tn hiu in pht sang my i phng v chuyn tn
hiu in t my i phng ti thnh m thanh.
Bo hiu cuc gi kt thc.
Kh trc m, chng ting di, ting keng, ting clc khi pht xung s.
T ng iu chnh m lng v phi hp tr khng vi ng dy.

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Ngoi ra cc my in thoi t bit cn c nhng chc nng khc nh:

chuyn tn hiu tnh cc n tng i gi mch, truyn s liu, thu pht v
tuyn, gi rt ngn a ch (quay s nhanh), nh s thu bao c bit, gi lic
h thng vi x l, h thng ghi m, mn hnh v cc h thng h tr truyn dn
lm cho my c rt nhiu dch v rt tin li.
IV/. NGUYN TC CU TO MY IN THOI
My in thai l thit b u cui ca h thng in thoi, n c lp t
ti n v thu bao 2 ngi xa lin lc c vi nhau. Hin nay tuy c nhiu
loi khc nhau nhng ni chung my in thoi vn c 3 phn chnh:
Phn chuyn i mch in: Gm h thng tip im v c cc c in ph
c nhim v ng m mch in khi c yu cu.
Phn thu pht tn hiu gi: Gm 2 phn chnh, my pht in quay tay v
chung bo pht in c nhim v pht tn hiu gi ln ng dy v chung c
nhim v bin dng tn hiu gi thnh tn hiu goi.
Phn thu pht thoi: Gm ng ni v ng nghe. ng ni c nhim v bin
i tn hiu m thanh thnh tn hiu in v ng nghe bin i tin hiu in thnh
tn hiu thanh. C 2 c lp chung trong mt b phn gi l t hp.

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V/. CC KHI CA MY IN THOI

1/. S F

2/. Mch bo v qu p.
C chc nng bo v cho in thoi v mch chung khi ng dy line c
in th cao, thng do st nh hoc c s c t tng i.
Mch chng o cc
cp in p mt chiu t tng i a n cc khi ca my.

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Lun lun c cc tnh c nh chng ngc ngun lm hng IC trong

my in thoi. Mach thng dng cu diode.
Do in thoi s dng ngun nui 48VDC c cp t tng i, nn qu
trnh u ni ng dy vo in thoi c th lm ngc cc tnh ngun cung
cp cho in thoi lm h in thoi, mch chng o cc c chc nng to cc
tnh ca ngun lun lun ng vi my in thoi, bt chp cc tnh ca ngun
DC t ng line c th thay i.
3/. Hook on/Off (kha t hp bng nhc t t hp)
L cng tc bo hiu trng thi nhc my hoc gc my ca in thoi. khi
gc my thng qua cng tc ny ngun DC t tng i khng cung cp cho my
coi nh in thoi h ra khi ng dy line, nhng mch chung vn c ni
vo ng dy line, nhng mch chung vn c ni vo ng line sn
sng nhn tn hiu chung t tng i a n.
trng thi ngh: T hp t trn my in thoi, mch thu chung c
u ln ng dy thu bao thng trc ch n dng chung t tng i gi
ti, cn cc mch khc (n phm, chn s, m thoi) b ngt ra khi ng
dy.
trng thi lm vic: T hp c nhc ln, mch thu chung b ngt, cc
mch khc u vo ng dy thu bao (chn s v m thoi). Chuyn mch
nhc t c th bng c kh, t, quang ty theo loi my.
4/. Mch cp ngun
Mch iu khin cung cp ngun cho cc thnh phn trong my in thoi
mt cch hp l trong cc tnh hung hot ng khc nhau.
V d: Khi quay s c th mch thoi khng c cp ngun.
5/. Mch thu chung
Nhn tn hiu chung t tng i pht ra m thanh (ting chung reo,
ting nhc,) bo hiu c cuc gi n.
Trong my n phm iu ny c thc hin bng mt chung in t c
th l n m hoc a m. Nng lng c cung cp cho chung l dng
chung n t tng i c bin in p ln vi tn s 20-30Hz.

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Mch chung c u trc tip ln ng dy n dng chung t tng

i a n v s c ngt ra khi ng dy trong qu trnh quay s cng nh
m thoi.
6/. Mch nghe
Khuch i tn hiu thoi t ng dy a ra loa trn t hp.
7/. Mch ni
Mch ni cn c gi l mch pht tn hiu gi. Trong cc chc nng c
bn ca my in thoi n phm th vic gi c cc s thu bao b gi v tng
i l mt chc nng c bn. Chc nng ny c mch pht tn hiu gi dm
nhn, n c th gi c cc m s thu bao di hai phng thc: pulse hoc
tone.
8/. Mch hold (mch ch).
Dng gi cuc gi m thoi tip tc duy tr khi ngi gi tm thi bn
phi gc my tm thi m khng hy cuc gi. Thng thng trng thi ch
mch pht tn hiu nhc c kch hot pht tn hiu nhc ln ng dy cho i
phng nghe v tm ch ni li cuc thoi.
9/. Mch quay s.
Dng pht s b gi ln ng dy, c hai phng thc gi: Pulse (gi
bng xung) v Tone(DTMF-gi i bng tn s). Thi gian gi i mt xung l
100ms, s 0 c 10 xung, s 9 c 9 xungv s 1 c 1 xung, khong thi gian
ngh gia hai lot xung l t 100ms n 1200ms. Thi gian gi m DTMF nhanh
ca mt phm n l 50ms, khong thi gian ngh ca hai s l 50ms.
10/. Mch trit ting click.
Khi gi s, do nh hng ca tn hiu xung chn s vo mch thu chung
lm cho chung ku leng keng. V vy phi dt ting ng ny bng cch ngt
mch thu chung khi pht tn hiu chn s. Khi pht tn hiu chn s cn xut
hin cc xung s cm ng vo ng nghe lam n ku lc cc, l ting click do
vy khi chn s cn ngt mch m thoi.
11/. Mch m thoi.
C nhim v bin i qua li gia nng lng m thanh v n lng in
m bo thu pht tn hiu ting ni. Mch gm mch ni v mch nghe, mch

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khuch i ni, mch khuch i nghe, dng cho vic m thoi gia hai thu
bao.
12/. Mch iu chnh m lng.
Cht lng m thoi ph thuc vo chiu di dy thu bao, do di ca
ng dy thu bao bin i nn suy hao ca n cng bin i, nu ng dy
thu bao cng di th suy hao tn hiu thoi cng ln dn n nghe r b gim.
Hoc ng dy qu ngn, tn hiu thoi qu mnh c th gy t kch. V vy,
khc phc hin tng , trong cc my in thoi ngi ta thit k cc b
khuch i ni, nghe c b phn AGC(Auto Gain Control: iu chnh khuch i
t ng) iu chnh h s khuch i ph hp. Nu my xa tng i, in
tr vng ng dy ln th h s khuch i nghe, ni phi ln, cn my gn
tng i th h s khuch i nghe, ni phi gim bt.
13/. Cu sai ng.
Phn mch ni, nghe ng thi kt hp vi mch cn bng tr khng ng
dy kh trc m.
S minh ha:

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Khi giao tip ng dy c nhim v giao tip vi ng line c tn hiu

ln tn hiu thoi. m bo tr khng 600.
Khi nhn bit tn hiu chung nhn bit c khi tng i chung. B
m s m s ln chung.
Mch iu khin Relay s iu khin Relay to trng thi nhc my gia.
Mch hibrid v mch lc cch ly tn hiu thu v pht, loi b nhng tn hiu
c tn s cao hn tn s tn hiu thoi.
Mch pht ting ni s phat ra ting ni: ch nh i vng khi mi to
trng thi nhc my.
Mch pht hin busy tone khi c tn hiu bo bn khi ny s pht hin v
a tn hiu nhm gii ta mch ghi kt thc.
Mch thu ting ni c nhim v thu li li nh.
Mch nh thi c nhim v gii ta mch ghi ting ni khi gp trng hp
my knh.

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PHN III
TM HIU V MCH GIAO TIP THU BAO

II.CHC NNG CA MCH GIAO TIP THU BAO

L khi giao tip gia thu bao ni b vi tng i, n thc hin mt s
chc nng sau.
Battery : ngun nui cung cp cho mch vang thu bao, c in p n
nh, kh nng cung cp cho my in thoi t tng i qua mng truyn dn,
in p tiu biu l 48VDC. Dng nui c kh nng truyn i v nhn tin tc, hai
chiu t tng i n u cui thu bao.
Overvoltage protection: Bo v mch v chng qu p a vo tng i t
mi trng bn ngoi nh: sm st, s khng n nh ca dng in cng
nghip
Ringing: C kh nng cung cp tn hiu rung chung n thu bao khi cn
thit.

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Suppervision: Theo di cc yu cu v din bin t thu bao.

- Thu bao nhc my.
- Thu bao quay s.
- Thu bao gc my.
Codec: M ha v gii m cc tn hiu tng t thnh tn hiu s.
Hibrid: Mch hn hp chuyn i cc ng thu bao 2 dy thnh cc
ng 4 dy. mch ny c nhim v trit tiu ting di t ng phi n ng thu
v ngc li.
Test: o kim cc ng dy thu bao. vic kim tra hot ng ca mch
vng thu bao thc hin qua vic hin th cc n led.
III. MCH GIAO TIP NG DY V CM BIN CHUNG
S

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Nguyn l hot ng:

Bnh thng khi cha c tn hiu chung th in p trn ng dy l Vdc
c tr s 48V, t C1 ngn dng DC nn khng c dnh phn cc cho diode quang
v th diode quang tt. in p chn vo ca IC 7414 l mc [0] do ng ra
s l mc [1]. Khi c tn hiu chung th in p trn ng dy c tr hiu dng
l 70 90 Vrms v tn s l 25Hz, tn hiu ny qua t C1, v cu diode cho nn
to dng phn cc thun cho diode quanh dn. in p chn 1 ca 7414 s l [1]
v p ng ra s l [0], to thnh mt xung kch cho b m.
IV. MCH M HI CHUNG
Mi khi c tn hiu chung th mch cm bin chung s nhn bit v xut
ra ng ra l mc [0], khi khng c tn hiu chung th ng ra s l mc [1], nh
vy ng ra ca mch ca cm bin chung s to thnh xung CLOCK tc ng
n mch m hi chung, sau khi m 5 hi chung th ti ng ra chn s 3 ca
7408 ( IC cng And ) s l mc [1] v s tc ng n mch Control relay.
S :

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V. MCH CONTROL RELAY

Mch iu khin relay dng chuyn t mch nhn bit chung sang
mch nhc my gi.
Sau 5 hi chung th ng ra 7408 ln [1], lm choC945 dn, relay ng.
tng i nhn bit trng thi nhc my l nh vo tng tr ca in p cch ly.
Diode D1 bo v transistor Q trnh qu p khi relay ng ngt.
S

VI. MCH HYBRID V MCH LC

S :

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VII. MCH NHC MY GI

Mch hybrid: c thit k da trn c tnh ca Op-Amp. nhim v ca
mch hibrid l cch ly tn hiu thu v pht. Tn hiu trn ng truyn v ch i
theo ng Rx vo mch, v tn hiu t h thng pht ch pht ra theo ng Tx i
n ng dy in thai. Mc ch l ngi gi khng nghe thy ting ni c
mnh trong loa, ng thi ngn cch ph tn ca ting ni.
Mch lc: L lc thng thp ch yu l lc ly tn hiu thoi (300Hz
300Hz), nhm loi b cc tn s cao hn ngoi mun.
S

VIII. MCH BUSY TONE

Tng i cp busy- tone khi tt c cc ng dy kt ni thng thoi u b
bn hay thu bao b gi ang thng thoi, hoc 2 thu bao ang thng thoi th
mt bn gc my. V vy ta thit k mch nhn bit tn hiu busy tone ny
nhn bit gc my ca thu bao u kia, v ng thi reset b m hi chung,
tc ng n transistor lm cho relay ngt, dn n h mch to nhc my v
ng b cm bin chung.
nhn bit tn hiu busy tone c tn s 425Hz, bin nh 3v ta s dng
IC LM 567. y l mt IC chuyn dng tch tone c cha mt vng kha pha
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bn trong. Khi tn s u vo bng vi tn s trung tm ( fin = fout) th chn ra

s c mc logic thp. Mt khc, do tn hiu ny cng nm trong di tn hiu m
tn nhng c bin bng 3V trong khi bin tn hiu m tn ch khong vi
chc mV. V vy vic tch v nhn chnh xc ta nn qua b so snh, dng IC
TL 082. Khi bin vo ln hn mt in p chun no (Vr) th tn hiu s
c truyn qua b so snh, cn nh hn in p chun th khng qua b so
snh.
IX. MCH TO TI GI
L mt bin p cch ly c tr khng Zbin p = 600. Khi mch m hi
chung m ti hi th 5 th mch iu khin relay cho php relay ng chuyn
t mch nhn bit chung sang trng thi nhc my gi, thu bao nhn gi c
trng thi nhc my ca thu bao b gi.
S

Do in p lm vic ca IC trong mch l 5V nn ta chn zener 4.7V

ghim mc n c nh khong 5.3V nhm bo v IC.
X.MCH PHT TING NI
Mch pht ting ni dng IC ISD1520 l IC chuyn dng cho vic ghi v
pht ting ni.
Trong mch ny ta thit k theo yu cu sau:
- Mch c th thay i li nhn ca ch nh trc khi i vng.
- Khi mch to ti gi tc ng th phi pht ra li nhn ca ch nh.
Mch hot ng nh sau:
- Ghi li li nhn ca ch nh:

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Chn 2 (rec) l chn ghi m tc ng mc cao. Khi ta nhn phm rec th

chn 2 ln mc [1], IC lp tc ghi m (khi ghi m ta phi lun gi u rec mc
cao). Nh phm rec ra th ngng vic ghi m. Thi gian ghi ti a ca IC
ISD1520 ny l 32s ( xem phn gii thiu linh kin). iu chnh thi gian ghi
ta s dng bin tr ni vo chn ROSC (chn 19). Thng thng ta chn thi
gian ghi l ti a, nh vy theo nh sn xut yu cu th in tr c gi tr khong
160K, ta chn gi tr thc t l 150k. Khi ang ghi m th u ra / RECLED s
mc thp nn n LED S SNG.
Pht li li nhn:
Khi mch m hi chung m ti hi th 5 th ng ra ca IC 7408 s
mc [1]. Ng ra ny s tc ng n chn PLAY (chn 3) ca IC ISD 1520 mt
sn xung ln, IC lp tc pht li nhn ra ng dy in thoai.
XI. MCH NH THI
Ta s dng IC Timer 555 to mch a hi n n.
Nguyn l ca mch lm vic nh sau:
Khi xung t ng ra IC 7414 chuyn xung mc thp [0], ngay lc ny chn
s 2 ca IC555 cng b ko xung mc thp, chn s 3 ca IC555 (chn out) s
ln mc cao[1], ng ra ny s c a vo cng logic OR tc ng vo mch
thu nhm gii ta vic thu.
Kt ni mch nh hnh sau:

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PHN IV
NGUYN L NHN DNG THU BAO TNG T
Cc m hiu (tone) l cc sng m thanh m tng i gi n cc thu bao
nhm phn hi, thng bo, gm cc m hiu sau:
I. M HIU MI QUAY S (Dial tone)
Dial tone l tn hiu hnh sin c tn s: f= 425 25Hz. C tc dng bo cho
thu bao bit tng i sn sng nhn s quay. Thu bao s nghe c m hiu
ny khi nhc my, vi cc iu kin cc ng trung k khng bn.
S

.
II M BO BN (Busy tone)
m hiu ny c tng i gi n cho thu bao gi bit thu bao b gi
bn hay trung k ang bn, hoc ht thi gian quay s,
Busy tone l tn hiu hnh sin c tn s f= 425 25Hz, ngt nhp 0.5s c
0.5s khng.
S

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III. M HIU HI M CHUNG (Ringback tone)

m hiu ny c tng i cp cho thu bao bit: thu bao i phng rnh
hay ang chung. Ringback tone c tn s f= 425 25Hz, hnh sin, nhng c
xung nhp l 4s c 4s khng.
S

IV. DNG CP CHUNG

Nu thu bao b gi rnh, tng i s cung cp dng chung rung chung
cho thu bao b gi. dng chung l dng in AC hnh sin c tn s f=25Hz, c
in p t 75 110V, nhp chu k l 4s c 4s khng.
Tn hiu chung s c cung cp ng thi vi m hiu hi m chung v
c cng xung nhp.
Ngoi cc m hiu k trn, trong tng i cn s dng mt s thng bo
ting ni c ghi sn nh trong tng i ni b khi c thu bao bn ngoi gi
vo
V. TN HIU CHUNG
Tn hiu ny dng rung chung cho thu bao b gi( nu ri). l dng
in AC hnh sin c tn s: f = 20-> 25Hz, in p vo t 75-> 110V.
S

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VI. TN HIU QUAY S

C hai cch quay s:bng xung hay bng nhn s.
1. Quay s bng xung
Cc s quay ca thu bao c truyn n tng i bng cch ngt dng
ng dy theo t s thi gian quy nh to thnh chui xung s. s quay l s
xung trn ng dy nn phng php ny gi l phng php quay s bng
xung thp phn.
2. Quay s bng tn hiu a tn DTMF (Dual tone Multi Frequency)
Khi s dng DTMF quay s, cc s c chn bi cc ma trn cc nt
bm. mi nt tng ng vi mt s hoc mt k t c biu din vi mt cp
tn s, c pht ra khi nhn s. mt cp tn s xut hin ti thiu l 40ms, thi
gian ti thiu gia hai s l 60ms.
S F

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VII. S MCH CHI TIT GIAO TIP THOI

1. S mch chi tit:

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2. Nhim v - chc nng linh kin

- C3, DZ1,R9, R4, Q1: to thnh mch n nh dng cung cp cho thu bao.
- C5: bypass tn hiu thoi, ngn DC.
- R12: hn ch dng chung cung cp cho thu bao.
- R14, D4, D5, Q2: iu khin relay khi cp chung.
- Led1,R17: nhn bit trng thi CPU c iu khin chung cp cho thu
bao hay khng.
- C1, R1 to thnh mch lc thng thp, ng thi ly tn hiu hi tip m
v ng vo chng hin tng t kch khi mch hot ng.
- R5, R6, VR to thnh cu cn bng p, trit tiu s hi tip vng t ng
thu v ng pht.
- D4 c chc nng bo v transistor Q2 trnh qu p khi relay ng ngt.
- C7, DZ6, R16, Opto, R17:cm bin trng thi thu bao nhc my hay gc
my cung cp cho CPU.
- LM324:dng m, c tc dng tng s bin ng ca mch pha trc
khi CPU ko dng ln.
3. Nguyn l hot ng
Khi thu bao gc my: Tng tr vng ca thu bao rt ln ( >20K), nn
xem nh khng c dng chy qua thu bao led ca opto tt TST ca opto
khng dn cm bin HSO mc 1, bo cho CPU bit tnh trng ca thu bao
ang gc my.
Khi thu bao ang nhc my gi: tng tr mch vng ca thu bao gim
xung cn khong 150 1500. Lc ny ngun dng ca tng i (t TST
Q1) s qua mch thu bao n mch cm bin, led ca opto sng TST ca
opto dn bo ha nn cm bin HSO xung 0 bo cho CPU bit thu bao nhc
my.
4. Khi thu bao quay s:
Quay s dng xung: thu bao s pht i cc xung tng ng vi s nhn
c. khi mt xung bt u c pht i, mch vng thu bao s h (do hot
ng ca my in thoi), khng c dng chy qua mch cm bin nn led ca
opto tt HSO = 1. khi kt thc mt xung mch vng thu bao s kn c

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dng chy qua mch cm bin HSO = 0. qu trnh c th tip tc. khi vic
quay s kt thc th thu bao trng thi nhc my bnh thng. nh vy da
vo trng thi xung trn HSO( nhp theo trng thi o ca xung quay s) CPU
s nhn bit c s quay v ghi vo b nh x l.
Quay s dng tone: khi thu bao nhn s mch pht tn hiu s ng thi
sinh ra v pht i t hp hai sng hnh sin m tn (DTMF) ng vi s . s ny
s c pht ra ng TRANSMIT, c CPU nhn v gii m ra s quay thng
qua IC nhn DTMF 8870.
khi thu bao gc my m c thu bao khc gi n mun thng thoi th
CPU s xut ng RL ln mc 1 (VRL = 3.5V) s phn cc cho Q2 dn v relay
c cp ngun hot ng.
kha K2 c chuyn t v tr 4, tn hiu chung s cp cho mch chung
ca my in thoi thu bao (ch l lc ny mch thu bao trong my in
thoi c tch ra khi mch chung). Do tr khng ca mch chung kh ln,
nn dng chung khng cung cp cho led opto sng opto dn. cm bin
HSO vn mc logic 1 v CPU nhn bit trng ny.
Khi chung ang m thu bao nhc my, do tng tr vng ca thu bao
rt nh hn mch chung nn ton b dng chung s qua mch thu bao. t
C8 s lc mt phn in p ca ngun chung sao cho khong thi gian DZ6 nn
in p ny tng i nh kch cho led opto sng opto dn bo ha cm
bin HSO xung mc 0, ng thi diode D4 dn Q2 tt, kha K2 bt v pha
4, ngun dng Q1 s tip tc cp dng cho mch cm bin hot ng.
Qu trnh m thoi : khi hai thu bao thng thoi vi nhau, tn hiu
thoi pht ra t thue bao s bypass qua t C5, qua mch hybrid pht i hoc
thu v.
Cc m hiu s nhn qua mch hybrid v n thu bao.

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