B: Transport in Humans

` The human circulatory system is a system that: a) Transports nutrients and other useful substances to the cells of the body. b) Removes waste produced by cells.

Parts of the circulatory system Heart

Function Pumps blood around the body blood around the body Transports useful substances to the body cells and removes waste products

Blood vessels Circulate ` The human circulatory system consists of: Blood

 The heart is an organ that pumps blood around.

i.

Blood flows from the lungs to the heart through the pulmonary vein.

ii. The heart then pumps the oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. The aorta carries the oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.

i.

The body tissues use the oxygen and give out carbon dioxide which is then carried back to the heart by the vena cava

ii. The heart receives the deoxygenated blood and pumps it to the lungs.

The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the

lungs.

The aorta carries oxygenated blood from the heart to all parts of the body.

The vena cava carries deoxygenated blood from all parts of the body to the heart.

The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

The right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood. (Deoxygenated blood carries carbon dioxide to the lungs to be exchanged)

The left side of the heart receives oxygenated blood. (Oxygenated blood carries oxygen to the cells)

Right side

Left side

Right auricle Left auricle

1. The heart has four chambers.

Left ventricle Right ventricle

2. The right chambers are separated from the left chamber by the septum. It prevents oxygenated blood in the right side. 3. The auricles have thinner walls than the ventricles because the auricles push blood into the ventricles. This does not require much force.

4. The ventricles have thicker walls than the auricles because the ventricles have to force blood out of the heart. 5. The left ventricle has thicker wall than the right ventricle. Why? Because it has to pump blood around the whole body due to high pressure.

Right auricle
Semi-lunar valve Tricuspid valve

Left auricle
Semi-lunar valve Biscuspid valve

Right ventricle Septum

Left ventricle

The right auricle and ventricle are completely separated from the left auricle and ventricle by septum