BLOOD CIRCULATION AND TRANSPORT

CHAPTER 2
TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN HUMANS

 CIRCULATORY SYSTEM- transport system

in human.
 Consist of:
a) Heart- pumps blood into all parts of the
body.
b) Blood vessels- arteries, vein and
capillaries.
c) Blood- plasma, blood cells and
dissolved substances.
HEART

 Cone-shaped, muscular
organ that is the size of
our fist.
 Situated between the
lungs, in the thoracic
cavity.
 Heart acts as a pump-
pump blood through
the body.
 Heart consist of four
chambers:
1) left and right atria (atrium)-
the 2 upper chamber
2) left and right ventricles- the
2 lower chambers.
 Atria are smaller and have
thicker wall compared to the
ventricles.
 Muscular walls of the left
ventricle are thicker than
those in the right (need to
produce greater force to
pump the blood throughout
the body (except lungs).
 Septum in the centre-
divide the heart to the
left side and right side.
 Left side of heart-
contains oxygenated
blood.
 Right side of heart-
contains deoxygenated
blood.
 Each chamber is
connected to a blood
vessel.
-right atrium > vena
cava
-left atrium >
pulmonary vein
-right ventricle >
pulmonary artery
-left ventricle > aorta
*aorta- the largest blood
vessel in the body.
 Valves (in heart and blood
vessel) ensure the flow of blood
is in one direction.
 3 types of valve:
a) bicuspid valve-from the left
atrium to the left ventricle.
b) tricuspid valve-from the right
atrium to the right ventricle
c) semi-lunar valve prevent
backflow
-from the pulmonary artery into
the right ventricle.
-from the aorta into the left
ventricle.
-of blood in veins
FUNCTION OF HEART
 Is to pump blood to all parts of
the body.
 Right side- pump blood to the
lungs
 Left side- pump blood to the
other parts of the body.
 Heart pumps blood by
contracting and relaxing its
muscles.
 The contraction can be heart as
heartbeats.
 The left and right sides of heart
act simultaneously.
Blood Vessel.
 When heart pumps, the blood flows around the body in a system
tubes called BLOOD VESSELS.
 Three types of blood vessel:
1) Arteries
2) Veins
3) Capillaries

 Arteries branch into small vessels called Capillaries.

 Capillaries are found very close to the cells in the body.
 Capillaries join together to form Veins.
Arteries

 Carry blood away from heart to all parts of the body.

 All arteries (except those to the lungs) carry blood
rich in oxygen (Oxygenated blood).
 Have thick muscular walls and relatively small lumen.
This is because the heart forces blood into them and
they need to maintain the pressure of blood. They
branch into very small tubes called capillaries.
 AORTA- Carry Blood from heart to all parts of the
body.
 PULMONARY ARTERY- Carry blood to the lungs.
Capillaries

 They have one cell thick walls that allow

substance to pas through them into cells and
from cells into the blood.
 Capillaries join to form bigger tubes called
veins.
 Capillaries are also involved on the release of
excess heat from the body.
Veins

 Carry blood to the heart from all parts of the body.

 All veins (except those from the lungs) carry blood with
little oxygen (Deoxygenated blood).
 They have thinner and less muscular walls than arteries
because the pressure of the blood is lower in the veins.
 They have relatively large lumen and valves to ensure
one way flow of blood.
 PULMONARY VEIN- Carry blood from the lungs.
 VENA CAVA- Carry blood from all parts of the body to
the lungs.
Path of Blood Flow in the
Circulatory system
 Human circulatory system is called a double
circulatory system because blood is pump
twice in the heart.
 Path 1: From the heart to the lungs and back
again to the heart.
 Path 2: from the heart to the rest of the body
and back again to the heart.
Path of Blood Flow in the
Circulatory system
1. Deoxygenated blood from all
parts of our body except the
lungs is carried by the VENA
CAVA to the RIGHT ATRIUM.
2. When the right atrium is full,
the muscle contract. Blood is
force to the RIGHT
VENTRICLE through the
TRICUSPID VALVE.
3. The RIGHT VENTRICLE then
contracts. The valve closes
and blood is pushed out
through the PULMONARY
ARTERY and carried back to
the lungs.
4. The exchange of gases occurs
in the lungs. The oxygenated
blood is returned to the let
atrium by the PULMONARY
VEIN.
5. When the LEFT ATRIUM is
full, the wall contract. The
blood is forced into the LEFT
VENTRICLE through the
bicuspid valve.
6. When the LEFT VENTRICLE is
filled up, the walls contract.
The valve closes and blood is
force out through the AORTA
to be carried to other parts of
the body.
Path of Blood Flow in the
Circulatory system
 Human circulatory system is called a double
circulatory system because blood is pump
twice in the heart.
 Path 1 (Pulmonary circulation): From the
heart to the lungs and back again to the
heart.
 Path 2 (Systemic Circulation): from the heart
to the rest of the body and back again to the
heart.
Role of Blood in Transport

1. Transport useful substance like Oxygen (in

the red blood cells) and Nutrients (in blood
plasma).
2. Removes waste products like Urea (in blood
plasma) and Carbon Dioxide (in blood
plasma).
3. Transport Hormones and Antibodies (in
blood plasma) to and from all the cells in our
body.