Written by: - SHAHZAD IFTIKHAR Contact # 0313-7891989, 0333-5319544 e-mail: shahzad2sunny@hotmail.com website: www.eservicespakistan.

com PHYSICS FOR 9TH CLASS (UNIT # 8) ============================================================ Read Instructions before study: Bullet means you have to write the answer in paragraph shape and you could not change the sequence. Bullets are used only for your ease. i) Roman numbered, question may be written as it is. However sequence can be changed. *** This item should not be written in answer. It is just a hint for you. Pay more attention on the bold text in answers. =*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=

THEORY
Question: Define and explain the term work? In physics work is said to be done, when a force produces a displacement in a body. Thus work can be defined as The product of force and distance covered in the direction of force is equal to the work done. For work following conditions must be fulfilled. i) A force should act on a body. ii) The body should cover some distance under the action of this force. If W stands for work, F for force and S for distance than Work = Force x Displacement W = FS Work is a scalar quantity. In SI system its unit is joule. Work will be one joule if a force of one Newton acts on a body and the body covers a distance of one meter in the direction of force Question: Define Power? Rate of doing work with respect to time is called power. Or Rate of work done per unit time is called power. Power = Work/time P = W/t In SI System unit of power is watt. If a body does a work of one joule in one second then its power will be one watt. Question: Define Energy and its basic kinds? The ability of a body to do a work is called energy. It is a scalar quantity and its unit is also joule. Its two basic kinds are: i) Kinetic Energy (K.E) ii) Potential Energy (P.E). Question: Derive the equation for Kinetic Energy? The energy of a body due to its motion is called kinetic energy. Explanation: Let a body of mass m is moving with velocity v. An opposing force F is acting through a distance S brings it to rest. Thus according to the equation of motion: 2aS = Vf2 Vi2
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Written by: - SHAHZAD IFTIKHAR Contact # 0313-7891989, 0333-5319544 e-mail: shahzad2sunny@hotmail.com website: www.eservicespakistan.com PHYSICS FOR 9TH CLASS (UNIT # 8) ============================================================

We know that Vi = v and Vf = 0 and a = F/m, So -2 x F/m x S = (0)2 (v)2 FS = mv2 FS indicates the work, which has been done by body against opposing force, which is equal to the kinetic energy. Hence K.E = mv2 Question: What is the Potential Energy? What are its kinds? Ability of body to do work due to its position is called potential energy. It has two main kinds: Elastic Potential Energy: When a spring is compressed, we have to do work against its elasticity, which is stored in the form of potential energy. When we release the spring, it tries to come in its original position. Energy stored in it is caleld elastic potential energy. Gravitational Potential Energy: The ability of a body to do a work due to its specific height form the surface of earth is caleld gravitational potential energy. F = w = mg Distance covered = S = h Work = Force x Distance covered W = mg x h P.E = mgh Question: Describe the interconversion of K.E and P.E? One form of energy can be converted into another form of energy. The decrease in one form of energy results in the increase of other form of energy. It can be expressed as: Increase in K.E = Decrease in P.E Similarly Increase in P.E = Decrease in K.E Question: Explain the law of conservation of energy? This law states that Energy can be converted form one form to another but total energy of the body remains the same. This is called law of conservation of energy. Explanation: This law can be explained as under: Total Energy at A: As per figure, a body of mass m is at a height of h the initial velocity of the body is zero (Vi = 0). So the K.E of the body is zero. At this point Potential Energy will be mgh. Total Energy of a body = K.E + P.E = 0 + mgh = mgh Total Energy at B: ============================================================
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Written by: - SHAHZAD IFTIKHAR Contact # 0313-7891989, 0333-5319544 e-mail: shahzad2sunny@hotmail.com website: www.eservicespakistan.com PHYSICS FOR 9TH CLASS (UNIT # 8) ============================================================

When this body is dropped from A to B, its P.E is converted into K.E. So Vi = 0 Vf = v Distance Covered = S Acceleration = g So, according to third equation of motion: Vf2 Vi2 V2 0 V2 = = = 2aS 2gS 2gS

Now, K.E at the point B, K.E = mV2

Putting the value of V2 K.E = = x m x 2gS mgS

P.E at point B P.E = = mg (h-S) mgh mgS K.E + P.E mgS + mgh mgS mgh

Total Energy at Point B = = =

So, it is proved that total energy of a body remains constant. Question: A person sitting in car. Is its energy is potential or kinetic or both? When a person sitting in a running car then it has kinetic as well as potential energy. Question: What type of energy is present in petrol? Chemical energy. Question: At what point the energy of a swinging pendulum is wholly potential? At extreme points. Question: Can work be negative. Explain. Yes. When angle between force and displacement is more than 900 then the work will be negative.
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Written by: - SHAHZAD IFTIKHAR Contact # 0313-7891989, 0333-5319544 e-mail: shahzad2sunny@hotmail.com website: www.eservicespakistan.com PHYSICS FOR 9TH CLASS (UNIT # 8) ============================================================

Question: Do we do some work when we lift some load from earth to some height? Yes, we do because according to physics, work is done when force and applied and body cover some distance. Question: A person takes a bucket to some distance. What is the magnitude of work done? Zero. Because the displacement and force are perpendicular. Question: Is there any work done when we ignite a match stick? Work done is zero because displacement is zero. Question: What is potential energy of a body lying on earth? Zero because displacement from earth is zero. =*=*=*=*= More works/Tasks: Do Exercise from your Book. Do Objectives from book & from any other objective book. Do Numerical with the help of your teacher. Do Interesting Information from book. Do Scientific Reasons with the help of teacher.

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