Written by: - SHAHZAD IFTIKHAR Contact # 0313-7891989, 0333-5319544 e-mail: shahzad2sunny@hotmail.com website: www.eservicespakistan.

com PHYSICS FOR 9TH CLASS (UNIT # 9) ============================================================ Read Instructions before study: Bullet means you have to write the answer in paragraph shape and you could not change the sequence. Bullets are used only for your ease. i) Roman numbered, question may be written as it is. However sequence can be changed. *** This item should not be written in answer. It is just a hint for you. Pay more attention on the bold text in answers. =*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=*=

THEORY
Question: Define Machine? Write objectives and advantages of machine? Such things, which help man in doing work, are called machines. A machine consists of a single part and can do any work is called simple machine. A machine can do the following: i) A machine can transfer force from one place to another. ii) A machine can lift considerably heavy loads by applying a little force ore can overcome strong resistance. iii) A machine can increase or decrease the speed of work. iv) A machine can change the direction of force. Question: Define the following terms? Effort: The force applied on machine for doing work is called effort and this force is represented by E. Load: The weight lifted by a machine or the resistance over which it overcome is called load. It is represented by L. Mechanical Advantage: The ratio of load and effort is called the mechanical advantage of any machine. Mechanical Advantage = Load/Effort M.A = L/E As it is a ratio, therefore it has no unit. Input: If some effort E acts on a machine through a distance d, then the work done on the machine is called input. Work = Force x Displacement Input = Effort x Distance moved by the effort. Input = Exd Output: If a machine moves some load L to distance h then the useful work done by the machine is called output. Efficiency: The ratio of output to input of any machine is called efficiency. Efficiency = output/input %age efficiency = output/input x 100 Ideal machine: A machine whose efficiency is 100%, then this is called ideal machine.
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Written by: - SHAHZAD IFTIKHAR Contact # 0313-7891989, 0333-5319544 e-mail: shahzad2sunny@hotmail.com website: www.eservicespakistan.com PHYSICS FOR 9TH CLASS (UNIT # 9) ============================================================

Question: Define Lever? Its Principal and also derive its mechanical advantage? A bar, which can move around any point is called lever. The point around which, lever is rotated is called fulcrum. Moment of Effort: The product of effort and effort arm is called moment of effort. Moment of Load: The product of load and load arm is called moment of load. Principal of Lever: In every type of lever the moment of effort is always equal to the moment of load when it is in a state of equilibrium. Mechanical Advantage: According to the principal of lever: Moment of Effort = Moment of Load Effort x Effort arm = Load x Load arm ExX = LxY Mechanical Advantage = Load/Effort M.A = L/E = X/Y = Effort arm/Load arm Question: Define Pulley? Write its importance and also describe its types and also derive mechanical advantage? Pulley is a wheel type disc. A slot is made on its circumference. It is supported by a frame, which is called block. Uses/Importance of Pulley: i) We can lift heavy loads. ii) Pulley is used for hoisting a flag. iii) We can draw water form wells. iv) It is used during construction of buildings for lifting up heavy loads. Types of Pulley: There are two types of pulley: i) Single Fixed Pulley: It is used in construction of buildings to life the load upward. In this type of pulley block is fixed to some strong support. (***Draw fig from book) We know that mechanical advantage = Load Arm / Effort Arm = L/E = 1 In this case we neglect the friction force between pulley and string. ii) Single Moveable Pulley: In this type of pulley one end of chord is tied with strong support. Effort is applied on other end. Load to be lifted is connected with the block of the pulley.
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Written by: - SHAHZAD IFTIKHAR Contact # 0313-7891989, 0333-5319544 e-mail: shahzad2sunny@hotmail.com website: www.eservicespakistan.com PHYSICS FOR 9TH CLASS (UNIT # 9) ============================================================

(***Draw fig from book) In this type of pulley tension is equal to effort E. So both ends of chord are pulling the load upward. Therefore effort acting on load will be 2E. So, Load = 2 x Effort L = 2xE L/E = 2 M.A = 2 Question: How direction of force can be changed in case of single moveable pulley? Direction of force can be changed in single moveable pulley by using another single fixed pulley. ***Draw figure here Question: Define Inclined plane, Screw Jack, Wheel & axle? Also derive their mechanical advantages? *** Do these all from book. =*=*=*=*= More works/Tasks: Do Exercise from your Book. Do Objectives from book & from any other objective book. Do Numerical with the help of your teacher. Do Interesting Information from book. Do Scientific Reasons with the help of teacher.

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