Giao An Day Them Toan 8doc

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1
Bui
1:
Nhn n,a thc
A.Mc Tiu
+ Cng c kin thc v cc quy tc nhn n thc vi a thc, nhn a thc vi
a thc.
+ Hc sinh thc hin thnh tho php nhn n thc, a thc vi a thc.
+ Rn k nng nhn n thc, a thc vi a thc.
B.Chun B:gio n,sgk,sbt,th-c thng.
C.Tin trnh
Hot ng ca GV&HS Ni dung
I.Kim Tra
Tnh (2x-3)(2x-y+1)
II.Bi mi
?Nu quy tc nhn a thc vi a
thc
Hc sinh :..
- Gio vin nu bi ton
?Nu cch lm bi ton
Hc sinh :

-Cho hc sinh lm theo nhm

-Gio vin i kim tra ,un nn
-Gi hc sinh ln bng lm ln l-t
-Cc hc sinh khc cng lm ,theo di
v nhn xt,b sung.
-Gio vin nhn xt

- Gio vin nu bi ton
?Nu yu cu ca bi ton
Hc sinh :
? rt gn biu thc ta thc hin
cc php tnh no
Hc sinh :

-Gi 2 hc sinh ln bng lm ,mi
hc sinh lm 1 cu .

v nhn xt,b sung.
-Gio vin nhn xt

Bi 1.Thc hin php tnh:
a) (2x- 5)(3x+7)
b) (-3x+2)(4x-5)
c) (a-2b)(2a+b-1)
d) (x-2)(x
2
+3x-1)
e)(x+3)(2x
2
+x-2)
Gii.
a) (2x- 5)(3x+7) =6x
2
+14x-15x-35
=6x
2
-x-35
b) (-3x+2)(4x-5)=-12x
2
+15x+8x-10
=-12x
2
+23x-10
c) (a-2b)(2a+b-1)=2a
2
+ab-a-4ab-
2b
2
+2b
=2a
2
-3ab-2b
2
-a+2b
d) (x-2)(x
2
+3x-1)=x
3
+3x
2
-x-2x
2
-6x+2
=x
3
+x
2
-7x+2
e)(x+3)(2x
2
+x-2)=2x
3
+x
2
-2x+6x
2
+3x-6
=2x
3
+7x
2
+x-6
Bi 2.Rt gn ri tnh gi tr ca
biu thc:
a) A=5x(4x
2
- 2x+1) 2x(10x
2
- 5x - 2)
vi x= 15
b) B = 5x(x-4y) - 4y(y -5x)
vi x=
5
1
; y=
2
1

Gii.
a) A = 20x
3
10x
2
+ 5x 20x
3
+10x
2
+ 4x=9x
Thay x=15 A= 9.15 =135
b) B = 5x
2
20xy 4y
2
+20xy
= 5x
2
- 4y
2

B =
5
4
1
5
1
2
1
. 4
5
1
. 5
2 2
! !

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2
- Gio vin nu bi ton
?Nu cch lm bi ton
Hc sinh :Thc hin php tnh
rt gn biu thc

v nhn xt,b sung.
-Gio vin nhn xt ,nhc cc li hc
sinh hay gp.

- Gio vin nu bi ton
? 2 s chn lin tip hn km nhau
bao nhiu
Hc sinh : 2 n v
v nhn xt,b sung.
sinh hay gp.
- Gio vin nu bi ton
?Nu cch lm bi ton
Hc sinh :

v nhn xt,b sung.
sinh hay gp.

- Gio vin nu bi ton
?Nu cch lm bi ton
Bi 3. Chng minh cc biu thc sau
c gi tr khng ph thuc vo gi tr
ca bin s:
a) (3x-5)(2x+11)-(2x+3)(3x+7)
b) (x-5)(2x+3) 2x(x 3) +x +7

Gii.
a)(3x-5)(2x+11)-(2x+3)(3x+7)
= 6x
2
10x + 33x 55 6x
2
14x
9x 21 = -76
Vy biu thc c gi tr khng ph
thuc vo gi tr ca bin s.
b) (x-5)(2x+3) 2x(x 3) +x +7
=2x
2
+3x-10x-15-2x
2
+6x+x+7=-8
Vy biu thc c gi tr khng ph
thuc vo gi tr ca bin s.

Bi 4.Tm 3 s chn lin tip, bit
rng tch ca hai s u t hn
tch ca hai s cui 32 n v.
Gii.
Gi 3 s chn lin tip l: x; x+2; x+4
(x+2)(x+4) x(x+2) = 32
x
2
+ 6x + 8 x
2
2x =32
4x = 32
x = 8
Vy 3 s cn tm l : 8;10;12

Bi 5.Tm 4 s t nhin lin tip, bit
rng tch ca hai s u t hn
tch ca hai s cui 146 n v.
Gii.
Gi 4 s cn tm l : x , x+1, x+2 ,
x+3.
Ta c : (x+3)(x+2)- x(x+1) = 146
x
2
+5x+6-x
2
-x=146
4x+6 =146
4x=140
x=35
Vy 4 s cn tm l: 35; 36; 37; 38

Bi 6.Tnh :
a) (2x 3y) (2x + 3y)
b) (1+ 5a) (1+ 5a)
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3
Hc sinh :

v nhn xt,b sung.

- Gio vin nu bi ton
?Nu cch lm bi ton
Hc sinh :ly 2 a thc nhn vi
nhau ri ly kt qu nhn vi a
thc cn li.
v nhn xt,b sung.
sinh hay gp.

- Gio vin nu bi ton
?Nu cch lm bi ton
Hc sinh :.
-Gio vin h-ng dn.
-Gi 2 hc sinh ln bng lm
v nhn xt,b sung.
-Gio vin nhn xt

III.Cng C
-Nhc li quy tc nhn a thc vi
a thc .
-Nhc li cc dng ton v cch lm .
IV.H-ng Dn
-n li quy tc nhn a thc vi a
thc.
-Xem li cc dng ton luyn tp.

c) (2a + 3b) (2a + 3b)
d) (a+b-c) (a+b+c)
e) (x + y 1) (x - y - 1)
Gii.
a) (2x 3y) (2x + 3y) = 4x
2
-9y
2

b) (1+ 5a) (1+ 5a)=1+10a+25a
2

c) (2a + 3b) (2a +
3b)=4a
2
+12ab+9b
2

d) (a+b-c) (a+b+c)=a
2
+2ab+b
2
-c
2

e) (x + y 1) (x - y - 1)
=x
2
-2x+1-y
2

Bi 7.Tnh :
a) (x+1)(x+2)(x-3)
b) (2x-1)(x+2)(x+3)
Gii.
a) (x+1)(x+2)(x-3)=(x
2
+3x+2)(x-3)
=x
3
-7x-6
b) (2x-1)(x+2)(x+3)=(2x-1)(x
2
+5x+6)
=2x
3
+9x
2
+7x-6

Bi 8.Tm x ,bit:
a)(x+1)(x+3)-x(x+2)=7
b) 2x(3x+5)-x(6x-1)=33
Gii .
a)(x+1)(x+3)-x(x+2)=7
x
2
+4x+3-x
2
-2x=7
2x+3=7
x=2
b) 2x(3x+5)-x(6x-1)=33
6x
2
+10x-6x
2
+x=33
11x=33
x=3

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4

bui 2: hnh thang hnh thang cn
A. Mc tiu:
- Cng c: nh ngha, tnh cht, du hiu nhn bit ca hnh thang, hnh
thang cn.
-Rn k nng chng minh t gic l hnh thang, hnh thang cn.
- Cn tranh sai lm: Sau khi chng minh t gic la hnh thang, i chng minh
tip hai cnh bn bng nhau.
B. Chun b:
GV: H thng bi tp, th-c.
HS; Kin thc. Dng c hc tp.
C. Tin trnh:
1. n nh lp:
2. Kim tra bi c:
3. Bi mi.
Hot ng ca GV, HS Ni dung
GV; Yu cu HS nhc li nh ngha,
tnh cht, du hiu nhn bit hnh
thang, hnh thang cn
HS:
GV: ghi du hiu nhn bit ra gc
bng.

GV; Cho HS lm bi tp.
Bi tp 1: Cho tam gic ABC. T im
O trong tam gic k -ng thng
song song vi BC ct cnh AB M ,
ct cnh AC N.
a)T gic BMNC l hnh g? V sao?
b)Tm iu kin ca (ABC t
gic BMNC l hnh thang cn?
c) Tm iu kin ca (ABC t
gic BMNC l hnh thang vu ng?
GV; yu cu HS ghi gi thit, kt lun,
v hnh.
HS; ln bng.
GV: gi theo s .
a/ BMNC l hnh thang

MN // BC.
- Du hiu nhn bit hnh thang : T
gic c hai cnh i song song l hnh
thang
- Du hiu nhn bit hnh thang cn:
y Hnh thang c hai gc
k mt y bng nhau l
hnh thang cn.
y Hnh thang c hai -ng
cho bng nhau l hnh
thang cn

Bi tp 1
O
N
M
C
B
A

a/ Ta c MN // BC nn BMNC l hnh
thang.
b/ BMNC l hnh thang cn th hai
gc y bng nhau, khi
B C . ! .
Hay ABC ( cn ti A.
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5

b/ BMNC l hnh thang cn

B C . ! .

ABC ( cn
c/ BMNC l hnh thang vu ng

0
0
90
90
B
C
. !
. !

ABC ( vu ng
Bi tp 2:
Cho hnh thang cn ABCD c AB //CD
O l giao im ca AC v BD. Chng
minh rng OA = OB, OC = OD.
GV; yu cu HS ghi gi thit, kt lun,
v hnh.
HS; ln bng.
GV: gi theo s .
OA = OB,

OAB ( cn

DBA CAB ( ! (

DBA CAB . ! .

AB Chung, AD= BC, A B . ! .

c/ BMNC l hnh thang vu ng th
c 1 gc bng 90
0

khi
0
0
90
90
B
C
. !
. !

hay ABC ( vu ng ti B hoc C.

Bi tp 2:
O
D
C
B A

Ta c tam gic DBA CAB ( ! ( v:
AB Chung, AD= BC, A B . ! .
Vy DBA CAB . ! .
Khi OAB ( cn
OA = OB,
M ta c AC = BD nn OC = OD.
4. Cng c. Bi 3: Cho tam gic ABC cn ti A. Trn cc cnh AB, AC ly cc
im M, N sao cho BM = CN
a) T gic BMNC l hnh g ? v sao ?
b) Tnh cc gc ca t gic BMNC bit rng A
= 40
0

GV cho HS v hnh , ghi GT, KL
a) (ABC cn ti A
0
180
2
A
B C
! !
m AB = AC ; BM = CN AM = AN
(AMN cn ti A
=>
0
1
1
180
2
A
M N
! !
Suy ra 1 B M

! do MN // BC
T gic BMNC l hnh thang, li c B C

! nn l hnh thang cn
B C
M N
A
1
2
1
2
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6
b)
0 0
1 2
70 , 110 B C M N

! ! ! !
Bi 4: Cho hnh thang ABCD c O l giao im hai ng cho AC v BD.
CMR: ABCD l hnh thang cn nu OA = OB
Gii:
Xt (AOB c :
OA = OB(gt) (*) (ABC cn ti O
A1 = B1 (1)
M
1 1
B D

! ; nA1=C1( So le trong) (2)
T (1) v (2)=>D1=C1
=>( ODC cn ti O => OD=OC(* )
T (*) v (* )=> AC=BD
M ABCD l hnh thang
GV : yu cu HS ln b ng v hnh
- HS nu phng php chng minh ABCD l hnh thang cn:
+ hnh thang
+ 2 ng cho bng nhau
- gi HS trnh by li gii. Sau nhn xt v cha
K duyt 12/9/2011
Ph hiu trng

.

****************************************

Bui 3: Hng ng thc ng nh
A.Mc Tiu
+ Cng c kin thc v cc hng ng thc: Bnh ph-ng mt tng, bnh
ph-ng mt hiu, hiu hai bnh ph-ng.
+ Hc sinh vn dng thnh tho cc hng ng thc trn vo gii ton.
+ Bit p dng cc hng ng thc vo vic tnh nhanh, tnh nhm.
B.Chun B:gio n,sgk,sbt,th-c thng.
C.Tin trnh:
Hot ng ca GV&HS Kin thc trng tm
1.Kim Tra
Vit cc cc hng ng thc:
Bnh ph-ng mt tng, bnh ph-ng

1 hc sinh ln bng lm
=> ABCD l hnh thang cn
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7
mt hiu, hiu hai bnh ph-ng.
2.Bi mi

- Gio vin nu bi ton
?Nu cch lm bi ton
Hc sinh :
v nhn xt,b sung.
-Gio vin nhn xt

- Gio vin nu bi ton
?Nu cch lm bi ton
Hc sinh :
v nhn xt,b sung.
-Gio vin nhn xt

- Gio vin nu bi ton
?Nu cch lm bi ton
Hc sinh :

v nhn xt,b sung.
sinh hay gp.

- Gio vin nu bi ton
?Nu cch lm bi ton
Hc sinh :

v nhn xt,b sung.
sinh hay gp.
v nhn xt,b sung.

Bi 1.Tnh:
a) (3x+4)
2
b) (-2a+
1
2
)
2

c) (7-x)
2
d) (x
5
+2y)
2

Gii
a) (3x+4)
2
=9x
2
+24x+16
b) (-2a+
1
2
)
2
=4x
2
-2a+
1
4

c) (7-x)
2
=49-14x+x
2

d) (x
5
+2y)
2
=x
10
+4x
5
y+4y
2

Bi 2.Tnh:
a) (2x-1,5)
2
b) (5-y)
2

c) (a-5b)(a+5b) d) (x- y+1)(x- y-1)
Gii.
a) (2x-1,5)
2
= 4x
2
- 6x+2,25
b) (5-y)
2
=25-10y+y
2

c) (a-5b)(a+5b) =a
2
-25b
2

d) (x- y+1)(x- y-1)=(x-y)
2
-1
=x
2
-2xy+y
2
-1

Bi 3.Tnh:
a) (a
2
- 4)(a
2
+4)
b) (x
3
-3y)(x
3
+3y)
c) (a-b)(a+b)(a
2
+b
2
)(a
4
+b
4
)
d) (a-b+c)(a+b+c)
e) (x+2-y)(x-2-y)
Gii.
a) (a
2
- 4)(a
2
+4)=a
4
-16
b) (x
3
-3y)(x
3
+3y)=x
6
-9y
2

c) (a-b)(a+b)(a
2
+b
2
)(a
4
+b
4
)=a
8
-b
8
d) (a-b+c)(a+b+c)=a
2
+2ac+c
2
-b
2

e) (x+2-y)(x-2-y)=x
2
-2xy+y
2
-4

Bi 4.Rt gn biu thc:
a) (a-b+c)
2
+2(a-b+c)(b-c)+(b-c)
2

b) (2x-3y+1)
2
-(x+3y-1)
2

c) (3x-4y+7)
2
+8y(3x-4y+7)+16y
2

d) (x-3)
2
+2(x-3)(x+3)+(x+3)
2

Gii
a) (a-b+c)
2
+2(a-b+c)(b-c)+(b-c)
2

=(a-b+c+b-c)
2
=a
2

b) (2x-3y+1)
2
-(x+3y-1)
2

=(2x-3y+1+x+3y-1)(2x-3y+1+-x-
3y+1)
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8

- Gio vin nu bi ton
?Nu cch lm bi ton
Hc sinh :

v nhn xt,b sung.
sinh hay gp.
- Gio vin nu bi ton
?Nu cch lm bi ton
Hc sinh :

v nhn xt,b sung.

- Gio vin nu bi ton
?Nu cch lm bi ton
Hc sinh :
v nhn xt,b sung.
sinh hay gp.

- Gio vin nu bi ton
?Nu cch lm bi ton
Hc sinh :
-Gio vin h-ng dn.
v nhn xt,b sung.
-Gio vin nhn xt
-T-n t cho hc sinh lm bi 10

=3x(x-6y+2)=3x
2
-18xy+6x
c) (3x-4y+7)
2
+8y(3x-4y+7)+16y
2

=(3x-4y+7+4y)
2
=(3x+7)
2
=9x
2
42x+49
d) (x-3)
2
+2(x-3)(x+3)+(x+3)
2

=(x-3+x+3)
2
=4x
2

Bi 5.Tnh:
a) (a+b+c)
2
b) (a-b+c)
2

c) (a-b-c)
2
d) (x-2y+1)
2

e) (3x+y-2)
2

Gii.
a) (a+b+c)
2
=a
2
+b
2
+c
2
+2ab+2ac+2bc
b) (a-b+c)
2
=a
2
+b
2
+c
2
-2ab+2ac-2bc
c) (a-b-c)
2
=a
2
+b
2
+c
2
-2ab-2ac+2bc
d) (x-2y+1)
2
=x
2
+4y
2
+1-4xy+2x-4y
e) (3x+y-2)
2
=9x
2
+y
2
+4+6xy-12x-4y

Bi 6.Bit a+b=5 v ab=2.Tnh (a-
b)
2

Gii .
(a-b)
2
=(a+b)
2
-4ab=5
2
-4.2=17

Bi 7.Bit a-b=6 v ab=16.Tnh a+b
Gii
(a+b)
2
=(a-b)
2
+4ab=6
2
+4.16=100
(a+b)
2
=100 a+b=10 hoc a+b=-
10

Bi 8.Tnh nhanh:
a) 97
2
-3
2
b)
41
2
+82.59+59
2

c) 89
2
-18.89+9
2

Gii .
a) 97
2
-3
2
=(97-3)(97+3)=9400

b) 41
2
+82.59+59
2
=(41+59)
2
=10000
c) 89
2
-18.89+9
2
=(89-9)
2
=6400

Bi 9.Bit s t nhin x chia cho 7 d-
6.CMR:x
2
chia cho 7 d- 1
Gii.
x chia cho 7 d- 6 x=7k+6 , k N
x
2
=(7k+6)
2
=49k
2
+84k+36
49 7 , 84 7 , 36 :7 d- 1
x
2
:7 d- 1

Bi 10.Bit s t nhin x chia cho 9
d- 5.CMR:x
2
chia cho 9 d- 7
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9

-Lm bi 12.

Gii.
x chia cho 9 d- 5 x=9k+5, k N
x
2
=(9k+5)
2
=81k
2
+90k+25
81 9 , 90 9 , 25 :9 d- 7
x
2
:9 d- 7
Bi 11.Cho 2(a
2
+b
2
)=(a+b)
2

CMR: a=b
Gii.
2(a
2
+b
2
)=(a+b)
2

2(a
2
+b
2
)-(a+b)
2
=0
(a-b)
2
=0 a-b=0 a=b

Bi 12.Cho a
2
+b
2
+1=ab+a+b
CMR: a=b=1

K duyt 12/9/2011
Ph hiu trng

******************************************
Bui
4
Luyn tp: -ng trung bnh ca tam gic
,ca hnh thang

A.Mc Tiu
+Cng nh ngha v cc nh l v -ng trung bnh ca tam gic , hnh
thang.
+ Bit vn dng cc nh l v -ng trung bnh ca tam gic,hnh thang
tnh di, chng minh hai on thng bng nhau, hai -ng thng song song.
+ Rn cch lp lun trong chng minh nh l v vn dng nh l vo gii cc
bi ton thc t.
B.Chun B:gio n,sgk,sbt,th-c thng,ke.
C.Tin trnh:
Hot ng ca GV&HS Ni dung
I.Kim Tra
1.Nu nh ngha -ng trung bnh
ca tam gic , hnh thang?
2.Nu tnh cht -ng trung bnh
ca tam gic , hnh thang?
II.Bi mi
-Hc sinh c bi ton.
-Yu cu hc sinh v hnh
?Nu gi thit ,kt lun ca bi ton

Bi 1(bi 38sbt trang 64).
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10
Hc sinh :..
Gio vin vit trn bng
?Pht hin cc -ng trung bnh ca
tam gic trn hnh v
Hc sinh : DE,IK
?Nu cch lm bi ton
Hc sinh :.
v nhn xt,b sung.
-Hc sinh c bi ton.
Hc sinh :..
?Nu cch lm bi ton
Hc sinh :..;Gio vin gi .
v nhn xt,b sung.
?Tm cch lm khc
Hc sinh :Ly trung im ca EB,

-Hc sinh c bi ton.
Hc sinh :..
?Nu cch lm bi ton
Hc sinh :..

Gio vin gi :gi G l trung im
ca AB ,cho hc sinh suy ngh tip
?Nu cch lm bi ton
Hc sinh :..



v nhn xt,b sung.

Xt (ABC c
EA=EB v
DA=DB nn ED
l -ng trung
bnh
ED//BC
v ED=
1
2
BC
K
I
G
E
D
A
B
C

T-ng t ta c IK l -ng trung bnh
ca (BGC IK//BC v IK=
1
2
BC
T ED//BC v IK//BC ED//IK
T ED=
1
2
BC v IK=
1
2
BC ED=IK
Bi 2.(bi 39 sbt trang 64)
Goi F l trung
im ca EC
v (BEC c
MB=MC,FC=EF
nn MF//BE
F
E
D
M
A
B
C

(AMF c AD=DM ,DE//MF nn AE=EF
Do AE=EF=FC nn AE=
1
2
EC

Bi 3.Cho ABC .Trn cc cnh AB,AC
ly D,E sao cho AD=
1
4
AB;AE=
1
2

AC.DE ct BC ti F.CMR: CF=
1
2
BC.
Gii.

Gi G l
trung im
AB

F
D
G
E
A
B
C

Ta c :AG=BG ,AE =CE
nn EG//BC v EG=
1
2
BC (1)
Ta c : AG=
1
2
AB , AD=
1
4
AB
DG=
1
4
AB nn DG=DA
Ta c: DG=DA , EA=EG nn DE//CG (2)
T (1) v (2) ta c:EG//CF v CG//EF
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11

-Hc sinh c bi ton.
Hc sinh :..
Gio vin vit trn bng
?Nu cch lm bi ton
Hc sinh :..
Gi :Ko di BD ct AC ti F
-Cho hc sinh suy ngh v nu h-ng
chng minh.
v nhn xt,b sung.

-Hc sinh c bi ton.
Hc sinh :..
Gio vin vit trn bng

?Nu cch lm bi ton
Hc sinh :..
-Gio vin gi :Gi E l hnh chiu
ca M trn xy
-Cho hc sinh suy ngh v nu h-ng
chng minh.
Cc hc sinh khc cng lm ,theo di
v nhn xt,b sung.
.Cng C
-Nhc li nh ngha v cc nh
l v -ng trung bnh ca tam gic
, hnh thang .
-Nu cc dng ton lm v cch
nn EG=CF (3)
T (2) v (3) CF=
1
2
BC
Bi 4. ABC vu ng ti A c AB=8;
BC=17. V vo trong ABC mt tam gic
vu ng cn DAB c cnh huyn AB.Gi
E l trung im BC.Tnh DE
Gii.
Ko di BD
ct AC ti F

2
1
17
8
F
D
E
B
A
C

C: AC
2
=BC
2
-AB
2
=17
2
- 8
2
=225
AC=15
( DAB vu ng cn ti D nn
1
A =45
0

2
A =45
0

(ABF c AD l -ng phn gic ng
thi l -ng cao nn (ABF cn ti A
do
FA=AB=8 FC=AC-FA=15-8=7
(ABF cn ti A do -ng cao AD
ng thi l -ng trung tuyn
BD=FD
DE l -ng trung bnh ca (BCF nn
ED=
1
2
CF=3,5
Bi 5.Cho ABC .D l trung im ca
trung tuyn AM.Qua D v -ng thng
xy ct 2 cnh AB v AC.Gi A',B',C' ln
l-t l hnh chiu ca A,B,C ln xy.
CMR:AA'=
' '
2
BB CC +

Gii.
Gi E l hnh chiu ca M trn xy

y
x
E
B'
A'
D
M
A
B
C
C'

ta c:BB'//CC'//ME(cng vu ng gc vi
xy)
nn BB'C'C l hnh thang.
Hnh thang BB'C'C c MB=MC ,
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12
lm.
.H-ng Dn
-n li nh ngha v cc nh l
v -ng trung bnh ca tam gic ,
hnh thang.
-Lm li cc bi tp trn(lm cch khc
nu c th)
ME//CC'
nn EB'=EC'.Vy ME l -ng trung
bnh ca hnh thang BB'C'C
ME=
' '
2
BB CC +
(1)
Ta c: (AA'D=(MED(cnh huyn-gc
nhn) AA'=ME (2)
T (1) v (2) AA'=
' '
2
BB CC +

K duyt 12/9/2011
Ph hiu trng

Bui 5: phn tch a thc thnh nhn t :
A. Mc tiu :
- HS nm -c nm ph-ng php phn tch a thc thnh nhn t :
+ PP t nhn t chung;
+ PP dng hng ng thc
+ PP nhm hng t;
+ Phi hp cc pp phn tch a thc thnh nhn t trn
+ Cc pp khc (pp thm bt, pp tch, pp t n ph ....).
- Rn k nng phn tch a thc thnh nhn t, vn dng phn tch a thc
thnh nhn t gii ph-ng trnh, tnh nhm.
B. Chun b:
GV: h thng bo tp.
HS: cc ph-ng php phn tch a thc thnh nhn t.
3. Tin trnh.

GV cho HS lm bi tp dng 1:
ph-ng php t nhn t chung.
Dng 1: PP t nhn t chung:
Bi 1: Phn tch a thc sau thnh
nhn t
3 2
10 6
2 2 2 2
)4 14 ;
)5 15 ;
)9 15 21 .
a x x
b y y
c x y x y xy
+
+

Dng 1: PP t nhn t chung:
Bi 1: Phn tch a thc sau thnh
nhn t
a/ 4x
3
- 14x
2
= 4x
2
( x - 7).
b/ 5y
10
+ 15y
6
= 5y
6
( y
4
+ 3)
c 9x
2
y
2
+ 15x
2
y - 21xy
2

= 3xy( 3xy + 5x - 7y).
d/ 15xy + 20xy - 25xy = 10xy
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13
)15 20 25 ;
)9 (2 ) 12 (2 );
) ( 1) (1 );
d xy xy xy
e x y z x y z
g x x y x
+

+

GV h-ng dn HS lm bi.
? phn tch a thc thnh nhn
t bng ph-ng php t nhn t
chung ta phi lm nh- th no?
* HS: t nhng hng t ging nhau
ra ngoi du ngoc.
GV gi HS ln bng lm bi.
Bi 2: Tm x:
2
3
3 5
) ( 1) 2(1 ) 0;
)2 ( 2) (2 ) 0;
)( 3) 3 0;
) .
a x x x
b x x x
c x x
d x x
!
!
+ !
!

? tm x ta phi lm nh- th no?
* HS: dng ph-ng php t nhn t
chung sau -a v tch ca hai
biu thc bng 0.
Yu cu HS ln bng lm bi.

Bi 3: Tnh nhm:
a. 12,6.124
12,6.24;
b. 18,6.45 + 18,6.55;
c. 14.15,2 + 43.30,4
GV gi : Hy dng ph-ng php t
nhn t chung nhm cc hng t
chung sau tnh.
HS ln bng lm bi.

Bi 4:
Phn tch cc a thc sau thnh
nhn t:
a) x
2
2x + 1
b) 2y + 1+ y
2

c) 1+3x+3x
2
+x
3

d) x + x
4

e) 49 x
2
y
2

f) (3x - 1)
2
(x+3)
2

g) x
3
x/49

GV gi :
e/ 9x( 2y - z) - 12x( 2y -z)
= -3x.( 2y - z)
g/ x( x - 1) + y( 1- x) = ( x - 1).( x - y)

Bi 2: Tm x
a/ x( x - 1) - 2( 1 - x) = 0
( x - 1) ( x + 2) = 0
x - 1 = 0 hoc x + 2 = 0
x = 1 hoc x = - 2
b/ 2x( x - 2) - ( 2 - x)
2
= 0
( x - 2) ( 3x - 2) = 0
x - 2 = 0 hoc 3x - 2 = 0
x = 2 hoc x =
2
3

c/ ( x - 3)
3
+ ( 3 - x) = 0
( x - 3)(x - 2)( x - 4) = 0
x - 3 = 0 hoc x - 2 = 0 hoc x - 4
= 0
x = 3 hoc x = 2 hoc x = 4
d/ x
3
= x
5
.
( 1 - x)( 1 + x).x
3
= 0
1 - x = 0 hoc 1 + x = 0 hoc x = 0
x = 1 hoc x = -1 hoc x = 0

Bi 3: Tnh nhm:
a/ 12,6.( 124 - 24) = 12,6 . 100 =
1260
b/ 18,6.(45 + 55) = 18,6 . 100 = 1860
c/ 15,2.( 14 + 86) = 15,2 .100 = 1520

Bi 4:
Phn tch cc a thc sau thnh
nhn t:
a/ x
2
- 2x + 1 =(x - 1)
2
.
b/ 2y + 1 + y
2
= (y + 1)
2
.
c/ 1 + 3x + 3x
2
+ x
3
= (1 + x)
3
.
d/ x + x
4
= x.(1 + x
3
)
= x.(x + 1).(1 -x + x
2
).
e/ 49 - x
2
.y
2
= 7
2
- (xy)
2
=(7 -xy).(7 +
xy)
f/ (3x - 1)
2
- (x+3)
2
= (4x + 2).(2x - 4)
= 4(2x +1).(x - 2).
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14
S dng cc hng ng thc ng
nh.
HS ln bng lm bi.

Bi 5:
Tm x bit :
2
2
)4 49 0;
) 36 12
c x
d x x
!
+ !

GV h-ng dn:
? tm x ta phi lm th no?
* HS: Phn tch a thc thnh nhn
t -a v dng ph-ng trnh tch.
GV gi HS ln bng.

Bi 6:
Chng minh rng hiu cc bnh
ph-ng ca hai s t nhin l lin tip
chia ht cho 8.
GV h-ng dn:
? S t nhin l -c vit nh- th no?
* HS: 2k + 1
? Hai s l lin tip c c im
g?
* HS: Hn km nhau hai n v.
GV gi HS ln bng lm
g/ x
3
- x/49 = x( x
2
- 1/49)
= x.(x - 1/7).(x + 1/7).

Bi 5:
Tm x bit :
c/ 4x
2
- 49 = 0
( 2x + 7).( 2x - 7) = 0
2x + 7 = 0 hoc 2x - 7 = 0
x = -7/2 hoc x = 7/2
d/ x
2
+ 36 = 12x
x
2
- 12x + 36 = 0
(x - 6)
2
= 0
x - 6 = 0
x = 6
Bi 6
Gi hai s t nhin l lin tip l 2k + 1
v 2k + 3
Theo bi ta c:
(2k + 3)
2
- (2k + 1)
2
=2.(4k + 4)
= 8(k + 1)
M 8(k + 1) chia ht cho 8 nn
(2k + 3)
2
- (2k + 1)
2
cng chia ht
cho 8.
Vy hiu cc bnh ph-ng ca hai
s t nhin l lin tip chia ht cho 8
BTVN.
Bi 1:
a. x
2
- 3x b. 12x
3
- 6x
2
+3x
c.
5
2
x
2
+ 5x
3
+ x
2
y d. 14x
2
y-21xy
2
+28x
2
y
2
.
Bi 2 :
a. 5x
2
(x -2y) -15xy(x -2y) ;
b. x(x+ y) +4x+4y ;
a. 10x(x-y)-8y(y-x) ;
b. 5x(x-2000) - x + 2000.

K duyt 12/9/2011
Ph hiu trng

*******************************************
Bui 6:
Hnh c trc i xng
A. Mc tiu:
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15
- Cng c cc khi nim: hai im i xng, hai hnh i xng, hnh c trc i
xng.
- Rn k nng chng minh hnh hc.
B.Chun b:
GV: h thng bi tp, cc hnh c trc i xng.
HS: Cc kin thc v hnh c trc i xng.
C. Tin trnh.
1. n nh lp.
2. Kim tra bi c:
Yu cu HS nhc li cc khi nim: hai im i xng, hai hnh i xng, hnh
c trc i xng.
HS:
- A v A gi l i xng qua -ng thng d khi v ch khi ' AA d 1 v AH = A H (H
l giao im ca AA v d).
- Hai hnh -c gi l i xng vi nhau qua -ng thng d nu mi im thuc
hnh ny i xng vi mt im thuc hnh kia qua -ng thng d v ng-c li.
- -ng thng d gi l trc i xng ca hnh h nu im i xng vi mi
im thuc hinh h qua -ng thng d cng thuc hnh h.
- -ng thng i qua trung im hai y ca hnh thang cn chnh l trc i
xng ca hnh thang cn .
3. Bi mi:
GV yu cu HS lm bi .
Bi 1 :Cho t gic ABCD c AB = AD,
BC = CD (hnh ci diu). Chng minh
rng im B i xng vi im D qua
-ng thng AC.
GV yu cu HS ln bng ghi gi thit,
kt lun, v hnh.
HS ln bng.
GV gi HS lm bi.
? chng minh B v D i xng vi
nhau qua AC ta cn chng minh iu
g?
*HS: AC l -ng trung trc ca BD.
? chng minh AC l -ng trung
trc ta phi lm th no?
*HS: A v C cch u BD.
Bi 2 : Cho ( ABC cn ti A, -ng
cao AH. V im I i xng vi H qua
AB, v im K i xng vi H qua AC.
Cc -ng thng AI, AK ct BC theo
th t ti M, N. Chng minh rng M i
xng vi N qua AH.
GV yu cu HS ghi gi thit, kt lun,
v hnh.
Bi 1

O
D
B
C A

Ta c AB = AD nn A thuc -ng trung
trc ca BD.
M BC = CD nn C thuc -ng trung
trc ca BD .
Vy AC l trung trc ca BC do B v
D i xng qua AC

Bi 2
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16
HS ln bng.
GV h-ng dn HS cch chng minh bi
ton.
? chng minh M v N i xng vi
nhau qua AH ta phi chng minh iu
g?
*HS: Chng minh tam gic AMN cn
ti A hay AM = AN.
? chng minh AM = AN ta chng
minh bng cch no?
* HS: Tam gic AMB v ANC bng
nhau.
? Hai tam gic ny c yu t no bng
nhau?
* HS: AB = AC, C = B, A = A.
M
N
K I
H
C B
A

Xt tam gic AMB v ANC ta c AB = AC
B = C v k b vi B v C m B = C.
A = A v I v H i xng qua AB,
A = A v H v K i xng qua AC, m A
= A v ABC cn
Vy A = A do AMB ANC ( ! ( (g.c.g)
AM = AN
Tam gic AMN cn ti A.
AH l trung trc ca MN hay M v N i
xng vi nhau qua AH.
BTVN:
Cho
0
60 xOy ! , im A nm trong gc . V im B i xng vi A qua Ox,

im C i xng vi A qua Oy.
a. Chng minh : OB = OC.
b. Tnh gc BOC.
c. Dng M thuc tia Ox, im N thuc tia Oy sao cho tam gic AMN c chu
vi nh nht.
K duyt 12/9/2011
Ph hiu trng

Bui 7:
phn tch a thc thnh nhn t
A. Mc tiu :
- HS nm -c nm ph-ng php phn tch a thc thnh nhn t :
+ PP t nhn t chung;
+ PP dng hng ng thc
+ PP nhm hng t;
+ Phi hp cc pp phn tch a thc thnh nhn t trn
+ Cc pp khc (pp thm bt, pp tch, pp t n ph ....).
- Rn k nng phn tch a thc thnh nhn t, vn dng phn tch a thc
thnh nhn t gii ph-ng trnh, tnh nhm.
B. Chun b:
GV: h thng bo tp.
HS: cc ph-ng php phn tch a thc thnh nhn t.
IV. Tin trnh.
1. n nh lp.
2. Kim tra bi c.
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17
- Yu cu HS nhc li cc ph-ng php phn tch a thc thnh nhn t.
- Lm bi tp v nh.
3. Tin trnh.
GV yu cu HS lm bi.
Dng 3:PP nhm hng t:
Bi 1: Phn tch cc a thc sau
thnh nhn t:

3 2
) 2 2;
) 1;
) 3 3 9;
a xy y x
b x x x
c x x x
+
+ + +
+

2
2
) ;
) 1 ;
) .
d xy xz y yz
e xy x y
f x xy xz x y z
+ + +
+ + +
+ +

GV gi :
? phn tch a thc thnh nhn
t bng ph-ng php nhm cc hng t
ta phi lm nh- th no?
*HS: nhm nhng hng t c c
im ging nhau hoc tao thnh
hng ng thc.

Bi 2: Phn tch a thc thnh
nhn t:
2
2
) 2 2 ;
)7 7 5 5 .
a x xy x y
b x xy x y
+ + +
+

2 2
3 2 2
) 6 9 9 ;
) 3 3 1 2( ).
c x x y
d x x x x x
+
+ +

T-ng t bi 1 GV yu cu HS ln
bng lm bi.
HS ln bng lm bi.
HS d-i lp lm bi vo v.

Dng 4: Phi hp nhiu ph-ng
php:
Bi 3:Phn tch a thc thnh nhn
t :
2 2
3 2 2
)36 4 20 25 ;
)5 10 5 10 10
c a ab b
d a a b ab a b
+
+ +

Dng 3:PP nhm hng t:
Bi 1. Phn tch cc a thc sau
thnh nhn t:
a/ xy + y - 2x -2 =(xy + y) -(2x + 2)
= y(x + 1) - 2(x + 1) =( x + 1).(x - 2)
b/ x
3
+ x
2
+ x + 1 =( x
3
+ x
2
) +( x + 1)
= (x
2
+ 1)(x + 1)
c/x
3
- 3x
2
+ 3x -9 = (x
3
- 3x
2
)+ (3x -9)
= x
2
( x - 3) + 3(x -3)
= (x
2
+ 3)(x -3)
d/ xy + xz + y
2
+ yz = (xy + xz)+(y
2
+
yz)
= x(y + z) +y(y + z)
= (y + z)(x + y)
e/ xy + 1 + x + y =(xy +x) +(y + 1)
= x( y + 1) + (y + 1)
(x + 1)(y + 1)
f/x
2
+ xy + xz - x -y -z
= (x
2
+ xy + xz) +(- x -y -z)
= x( x + y + z) - ( x + y + z)
=( x - 1)( x + y + z)

nhn t:
a/ x
2
+ 2xy + x + 2y
= (x
2
+ 2xy) + (x + 2y)
= x( x + 2y) + (x + 2y)
= (x + 1)( x + 2y)
b/ 7x
2
- 7xy - 5x + 5y
= (7x
2
- 7xy) - (5x - 5y)
= 7x( x - y) - 5(x - y)
= (7x - 5) ( x - y)
c/ x
2
- 6x + 9 - 9y
2

= (x
2
- 6x + 9) - 9y
2

=( x - 3)
2
- (3y)
2

= ( x - 3 + 3y)(x - 3 - 3y)
d/ x
3
- 3x
2
+ 3x - 1 +2(x
2
- x)
= (x
3
- 3x
2
+ 3x - 1) +2(x
2
- x)
= (x - 1)
3
+ 2x( x - 1)
= ( x -1)(x
2
- 2x + 1 + 2x)
=( x - 1)(x
2
+ 1).

Dng 4: Phi hp nhiu ph-ng
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18

GV yu cu HS lm bi v trnh by
cc ph-ng php s dng.
- Gi HS ln bng lm bi.
HS d-i lp lm bi vo v.
GV yu cu HS lm bi tp 2.
nhn t

2 2
2 2
3 3
) 4 4 ;
) 2 2 ;
) 3 3 ;
a x y x y
b x y x y
c x y x y
+

+

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2
)( ) ;
)3 3 2 ;
) 2 2 2 1.
d x y xy x y y z x z
e x y x xy y
f x xy y x y
+ +
+ +
+ + +

? C nhng cch no phn tch
a thc thnh nhn t?
*HS: t nhn t chung, dng hng
ng thc, nhm , phi hp nhiu
ph-ng php.
- Yu cu HS ln bng lm bi

php:
Bi 3:Phn tch a thc thnh nhn
t
c/ 36 - 4a
2
+ 20ab - 25b
2

= 6
2
-(4a
2
- 20ab + 25b
2
)
= 6
2
-(2a - 5b)
2

=( 6 + 2a - 5b)(6 - 2a + 5b)
d/ 5a
3
- 10a
2
b + 5ab
2
- 10a + 10b
= (5a
3
- 10a
2
b + 5ab
2
)- (10a - 10b)
= 5a( a
2

- 2ab + b
2
) - 10(a - b)
= 5a(a - b)
2
- 10(a - b)
= 5(a - b)(a
2
- ab - 10)
nhn t
a/ x
2
- y
2
- 4x + 4y
= (x
2
- y
2
)- (4x - 4y)
= (x + y)(x - y) - 4(x -y)
= ( x - y)(x + y - 4)
b/ x
2
- y
2
- 2x - 2y
= (x
2
- y
2
)- (2x + 2y)
= (x + y)(x - y) -2(x +y)
= (x + y)(x - y - 2)
c/ x
3
- y
3
- 3x + 3y
= (x
3
- y
3
) - (3x - 3y)
= (x - y)(x
2
+ xy + y
2
) - 3(x - y)
= (x - y) (x
2
+ xy + y
2
- 3)
e/ 3x - 3y + x
2
- 2xy + y
2

= (3x - 3y) + (x
2
- 2xy + y
2
)
= 3(x - y) + (x - y)
2

= (x - y)(x - y + 3)
f/ x
2
+ 2xy + y
2
- 2x - 2y + 1
= (x
2
+ 2xy + y
2
)- (2x + 2y) + 1
= (x + y)
2
- 2(x + y) + 1
= (x + y + 1
BTVN: Phn tch a thc thnh nhn t.
a.8x
3
+12x
2
y +6xy
2
+y
3

b. (xy+1)
2
-(x-y)
2

c. x
2
- x - y
2
- y
d. x
2
- 2xy + y
2
- z
2

e. x
2
-3x + xy - 3y
f. 2xy +3z + 6y + xz.

K duyt 12/9/2011
Ph hiu trng

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19

***********************************
Bui 8: hnh bnh hnh
A. Mc tiu:
- Cng c : nh ngha, tnh cht, du hiu nhn bit hnh bnh hnh.
- Rn k nng chng minh mt t gic l hnh bnh hnh.
B. Chun b:
- GV: h thng bi tp.
- HS: kin thc v hnh bnh hnh: nh ngha, tnh cht, du hiu nhn
bit.
C. Tin trnh.
1. n nh lp.
2. Kim tra bi c.
- Yu cu HS nhc li nh ngha, tnh cht, du hiu nhn bit hnh bnh
hnh.
*HS: - Cc du hiu nhn bit hnh bnh hnh:
y T gic c cc cnh i song song l hnh bnh hnh.
y T gic c cc cnh i bng nhau l hnh bnh hnh.
y T gic c cc gc i bng nhau l hnh bnh hnh.
y T gic c hai cnh i song song v bng nhau l hnh bnh hnh.
y T gic c hai -ng cho ct nhau ti trung im mi -ng l hnh
bnh hnh.
3. Bi mi:
GV cho HS lm bi tp.
Bi 1: Cho tam gic ABC, cc trung
tuyn BM v CN ct nhau G. Gi P
l im di xng ca im M qua G.
Gi Q l im i xng ca im N
qua G.T gic MNPQ l hnh g? V
sao ?

- Yu cu HS ghi gi thit, kt lun, v
hnh.
*HS: ln bng.
GV h-ng dn HS cch nhn bit
MNPQ l hnh g.
? C nhng cch no chng minh
t gic l hnh bnh hnh?
*HS: c 5 du hiu.
? bi tp ny ta vn dng du hiu
th my?
*HS; du hiu ca hai -ng cho.

Bi 2: Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD.
Ly hai im E, F theo th t thuc

Bi 1:
Q
P
N
M
C
B
A

Ta c M v P i xng qua G nn GP
= GM.
N v Q i xng qua G nn GN = GQ
M hai -ng cho PM v QN ct
nhau ti G nn MNPQ l hnh bnh
hnh.(du hiu th 5).
Bi 2:

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20
AB v CD sao cho AE = CF. Ly hai
im M, N theo th t thuc BC v
AD sao cho CM = AN. Chng minh
rng :
a. MENF l hnh bnh hnh.
b. Cc -ng thng AC, BD, MN, EF
ng quy.
kt lun
*HS ln bng.
GV gi :
*HS: c 5 du hiu.
? bi tp ny ta vn dng du hiu
th my?
*HS : du hiu th nht.

Bi 3: Cho hnh bnh hnh
ABCD. E,F ln l-t l trung im ca
AB v CD.
a) T gic DEBF l hnh g? V sao?
b) C/m 3 -ng thng AC, BD, EF
ng qui.
c) Gi giao im ca AC vi DE v
BF theo th t l M v N. Chng minh
t gic EMFN l hnh bnh hnh.
- Yu cu HS ln bng v hnh, ghi gi
thit, kt lun.
GV gi :
? DEBF l hnh g?
*HS: hnh bnh hnh.
mt hnh l hnh bnh hnh.
*HS: c 5 du hiu.
GV gi HS ln bng lm phn a.
? chng minh ba -ng thng
ng quy ta chng minh nh- th no?
*HS: da vo tnh cht chung ca ba
-ng.

A
B
C
D
O
N
E
M
F

a/Xt tam gic AEN v CMF ta c
AE = CF, A = C , AN = CM
AEN = CMF(c.g.c)
Hay NE = FM
T-ng t ta chng minh -c EM = NF
Vy MENF l hnh bnh hnh.
b/ Ta c AC ct BD ti O, O cch du
E, F. O cch u MN nn Cc -ng
thng AC, BD, MN, EF ng quy.
Bi 3:
O
N
M
F
E
D C
B A

a/ Ta c EB// DF v EB = DF = 1/2 AB
do DEBF l hnh bnh hnh.
b/ Ta c DEBF l hnh bnh hnh,
gi O l giao im ca hai -ng
cho, khi O l trung im ca
BD.
Mt khc ABCD l hnh bnh hnh,
hai -ng cho AC v BD ct nhau
ti trung im ca mi -ng.
M O l trung im ca BD nn O l
trung im ca AC.
Vy AC, BD v EF ng quy ti O.
c/ Xt tam gic MOE v NOF ta c O
= O
OE = OF, E = F (so le trong)
MOE = NOF (g.c.g)
ME = NF
M ME // NF
Vy EMFN l hnh bnh hnh.

Bi 4
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21
Bi 4: Cho (ABC. Gi M,N ln l-t l
trung im ca BC,AC. Gi H l
im i xng ca N qua M.Chng
minh t gic BNCH v ABHN l hnh
bnh hnh.
GV yu cu HS ln bng v hnh, ghi
gi thit, kt lun.
HS ln bng.
? chng minh mt t gic l hnh
bnh hnh c my cch?
*HS: 5 du hiu.
GV gi HS s dng cc du hiu
chng minh.
H
N
M
C B
A

Ta c H v N i xng qua M nn
HM = MN m M l trung im ca
BC nn BM = MC.
Theo du hiu th 5 ta c BNCH l
hnh bnh hnh.
Ta c AN = NC m theo phn trn ta
c NC = BH
Vy AN = BH
Mt khc ta c BH // NC nn AN // BH
Vy ABHN l hnh bnh hnh.
4. Cng c:
- Yu cu HS nhc li cc du hiu nhn bit t gic l hnh bnh hnh.
BTVN:
Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD. E,F ln l-t l trung im ca AB v CD.
a) T gic DEBF l hnh g? V sao?
b) C/m 3 -ng thng AC, BD, EF ng qui.
c) Gi giao im ca AC vi DE v BF theo th t l M v N. Chng minh t gic
EMFN l hnh bnh hnh.
K duyt 12/9/2011
Ph hiu trng

**********************************************
Bui 9: chia n thc ,a thc :
A. Mc tiu :
- Hc sinh vn dng -c quy tc chia n thc cho n thc ,chia a thc
cho n thc thc hin cc php chia.
- Nh li : x
m
: x
n
= x
m-n
, vi 0, , , . x m n m n V = 2 u
B. Chun b.
- GV: h thng bi tp.
- HS: kin thc v chia n a thc thc.
C. Tin trnh.
1. n nh lp.
2. Kim tra bi c: kh ng.
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22
3. Bi mi.
Cho HS lm bi tp.
Bi 1: Thc hin php chia:
2 3
)12 : ( 3 ); a x y xy
4 2
)2 : 5 b x y z xy
5 4 2 5 2
10 1
) : .
3 6
c x y z x yz
GV: yu cu HS nhc li cch chia
n thc cho n thc.
*HS: ln bng lm bi.

Bi 2: Thc hin php tnh:
12 10
33 34
)100 :100 ;
)( 21) : ( 21) ;
a
b

16 14
21 19
1 1
)( ) : ( ) ;
2 2
2 2
)( ) : ( ) .
7 7
c
d

GV gi HS lm bi:
x
m
: x
n
= x
m-n
, vi 0, , , . x m n m n V = 2 u
Bi 3:Tnh gi tr ca biu thc:
3 2 2 2
1 1
( ) : ( )
3 9
x y z x yz vi
1 1
; 101; .
3 101
x y z ! ! !
? tnh gi tr ca biu thc ta
lm th no?
*HS: chia n thc cho n thc sau
thay gi tr vo kt qu.
GV yu cu HS ln bng.
Bi 4: Thc hin php chia.
a/ (7.3
5
- 3
4
+ 3
6
) : 3
4
.
b/ (16
3
- 64
2
) : 8
2

c/ (5x
4
- 3x
3
+ x
2
) : 3x
2

d/ (5xy
2
+ 9xy - x
2
y
2
) : (-xy)
e/ (x
3
y
3
-
1
2
x
2
y
3
- x
3
y
2
) :
1
3
x
2
y
2

GV gi :
? chia a thc cho n thc ta
phi lm th no?
*HS: chia tng hng t ca a thc
cho n thc sau cng cc kt
qu li vi nhau.

Bi 1.
a/ 12x
2
y
3
: (-3xy) = -4xy
2

b/ 2x
4
y
2
z : 5xy =
2
5
x
3
yz
c/
5 4 2 5 2 3
10 1
: 20
3 6
x y z x yz y
!

a/ 100
12
:100
10
= 100
2
.
b/ (-21)
33
: (-21)
34
=
1
21

c/
16 14 2
1 1 1
:
2 2 2

!

d/
21 19 2
2 2 2
:
7 7 7

!

Bi 3:Tnh gi tr ca biu thc:
3 2 2 2
1 1
( ) : ( )
3 9
x y z x yz = 3xyz
Thay
1 1
; 101; .
3 101
x y z ! ! !
1 1
3. .101. 1
3 101
!

Bi 4: Thc hin php chia.
a/ (7.3
5
- 3
4
+ 3
6
) : 3
4

= 7.3
5
: 3
4
- 3
4
: 3
4
+ 3
6
: 3
4

= 21 - 1 + 9
= 29
b/ (16
3
- 64
2
) : 8
2

= (2
12
- 2
12
) : 8
2

= 0
c/ (5x
4
- 3x
3
+ x
2
) : 3x
2

= 5x
4
: 3x
2
- 3x
3
: 3x
2
+ x
2
: 3x
2

=
5
3
x
2
- x +
1
3

d/ (5xy
2
+ 9xy - x
2
y
2
) : (-xy)
= 5xy
2
:(-xy) + 9xy : (-xy) - x
2
y
2
: (-xy)
= -5y - 9 + xy
e/ (x
3
y
3
-
1
2
x
2
y
3
- x
3
y
2
) :
1
3
x
2
y
2

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23

Bi 5:
Tm n mi php chia sau l
php chia ht (n l s t nhin).
a/ (5x
3
- 7x
2
+ x) : 3x
n

b/ (13x
4
y
3
- 5x
3
y
3
+ 6x
2
y
2
) : 5x
n
y
n

? a thc A chia ht cho n
thc B ta cn c iu kin g?
*HS: a thc A chia ht cho n
thc B nu bc ca mi bin trong B
kh ng ln hn bc thp nht ca
bin trong A .
GV yu cu HS xc nh bc ca cc
bin trong cc a thc b chia trong
hai phn, sau yu cu HS ln
bng lm bi.
*HS: ln bng lm bi.
= x
3
y
3
:
1
3
x
2
y
2
-
1
2
x
2
y
3
:
1
3
x
2
y
2

- x
3
y
2
:
1
3
x
2
y
2

= 3xy -
3
2
- 3x

Bi 5:
Tm n mi php chia sau l
php chia ht (n l s t nhin).

a/ (5x
3
- 7x
2
+ x) : 3x
n

Ta c bc ca bin x nh nht trong
a thc b chia l 1.
M n l s t nhin nn n = 0 hoc n
= 1.

b/ (13x
4
y
3
- 5x
3
y
3
+ 6x
2
y
2
) : 5x
n
y
n

Ta c bc ca bin x v bin y trong
a thc b chia c bc nh nht l
2.
M n l s t nhin nn n = 0, n = 1
hoc n = 2.

:
- Bi 6: Tm s t nhin n mi php chia sau l php chia ht
a, (5x
3
7x
2
+ x) : 3x
n

b, (13x
4
y
3
5x
3
y
3
+ 6x
2
y
2
) : 5x
n
y
n

Hng dn
a, (5x
3
7x
2
+ x) : 3x
n

n = 1; n = 0
b, (13x
4
y
3
5x
3
y
3
+ 6x
2
y
2
) : 5x
n
y
n

n = 0; n = 1; n = 2
Bi 7: Tnh nhanh gi tr ca biu thc
a, P = ( x + y )
2
+ x
2
y
2
ti x = 69 v y = 31
b, Q = 4x
2
9y
2
ti x =
1
2
v y = 33
c, M = x
3
+ 3x
2
+ 3x + 1 ti x = 99
d, N = x ( x 1) y ( 1 y ) ti x = 2001 v y = 1999
Hng dn
a, P = ( x + y )
2
+ x
2
y
2

= ( x + y )
2
+ ( x + y )( x y ) = ( x + y )( x + y + x y )
= ( x + y ) 2x
Thay x = 69 v y = 31 vo biu thc trn ta c:
P = (69 + 31).2 .69
= 100 . 138 = 13800
b, Q = 4x
2
9y
2
= (2x - 3y)(2x + 3y)
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24
Thay x =
1
2
v y = 3 vo biu thc trn ta c:
Q = (2.
1
2
- 3.33)(2.
1
2
+ 3.33) = (1 - 99)(1 + 99) = - 9800
c, M = x
3
+ 3x
2
+ 3x + 1 = (x + 1)
3

Thay x = 99 vo biu thc trn ta c: M = (99 + 1)
3
= 100
3
= 1000000
d, N = x(x 1) y(1 x) = x(x - 1) + y(x - 1) = (x - 1)(x + y)
Thay x = 2001 v y = 1999 vo biu thc trn ta c:
N = (2001 - 1)(2001 + 1999) = 2000.4000 = 8000000

K duyt 12/9/2011
Ph hiu trng

*****************************************
Bui 10 : hnh ch nhT

A. Mc tiu:
- Cng c : nh ngha, tnh cht, du hiu nhn bit hnh ch nht.
- Rn k nng chng minh mt t gic l hnh ch nht.
B. Chun b:
- GV: h thng bi tp.
- HS: kin thc v hnh ch nht: nh ngha, tnh cht, du hiu nhn bit.
C. Tin trnh.
1. n nh lp.
2. Kim tra bi c.
- Yu cu HS nhc li nh ngha, tnh cht, du hiu nhn bit hnh ch
nht.
*HS:
- Du hiu nhn bit hnh ch nht:
y T gic c ba gc vu ng l hnh ch nht.
y Hnh thang cn c mt gc vu ng l hnh ch nht.
y Hnh bnh hnh c mt gc vu ng l hnh ch nht.
Hnh bnh hnh c hai -ng cho bng nhau l hnh ch nht.
3. Bi mi.
GV cho HS lm bi tp.
Bi 1:
Cho t gic ABCD. Gi M,N,P,Q ln
l-t l trung im ca cc cnh AB, BC,
CD, DA. Chng minh rng MNPQ l
hnh bnh hnh.
T gic ABCD cn iu kin g
th MNPQ l hnh ch nht.

Bi 1:
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25
- GV yu cu HS ln bng v hnh, ghi
gi thit, kt lun.
*HS ln bng lm bi.
GV gi HS lm bi:
? T gic MNPQ l hnh g?
*HS: hnh bnh hnh.
? chng minh mt hnh bnh
hnh l hnh ch nht ta cn chng
minh iu g?
*HS: c mt gc vu ng hoc hai
-ng cho bng nhau.
GV yu cu HS ln bng lm bi.
Bi 2:
Cho t gic ABCD. Gi O l giao
im ca 2 -ng cho ( kh ng
vu ng gc),I v K ln l-t l trung
im ca BC v CD. Gi M v N theo
th t l im i xng ca im O
qua tm I v K.
a) C/m rng t gic BMND l hnh
bnh hnh.
b) Vi iu kin no ca hai -ng
cho AC v BD th t gic BMND l
hnh ch nht.
c) Chng minh 3 im M,C,N thng
hng.
- GV yu cu HS ln bng v hnh, ghi
gi thit , kt lun.
*HS ln bng lm bi.
- GV gi :
? C bao nhiu cch chng minh t gic
l hnh bnh hnh?
*HS: 5 du hiu.
? Trong bi tp ny ta chng minh
theo du hiu no?
*HS: du hiu th 4.
GV yu cu HS ln bng lm phn a.
? chng minh hnh bnh hnh l
hnh ch nht c nhng cch no?
*HS: chng minh c 1 gc bng 90
0

hoc hai -ng cho bng nhau.
? chng minh ba im thng
hnh c nhng cch no?
*HS: gc to bi ba im bng 180
0

hoc chng cng thuc mt -ng
thng.
Q
P
N
M
D
C
B
A

Trong tam gic ABD c QM l -ng
trung bnh nn QM // BD v QM =
1/2.BD
T-ng t trong tam gic BCD c PN l
-ng trung bnh nn PN // BD v
PN = 1/2.BD
Vy PN // QM v PN // QM
Hay MNPQ l hnh bnh hnh.
MNPQ l hnh ch nht th AC v
BD vu ng gc vi nhau v khi hnh
bnh hnh c 1 gc vu ng.

Bi 2.
O
A
C
D
I K
M
N
B

a/ Ta c OCND l hnh bnh hnh v
c hai -ng cho ct nhau ti trung
im ca mi -ng. Do OC // ND
v OC = ND.
T-ng t ta c OCBM l hnh bnh
hnh nn OC // MB v OC = MB
Vy MB // DN v MB = DN
Hay BMND l hnh bnh hnh.
b/ BMND l hnh ch nht th
COB = 90
0
hay CA v BD vu ng gc.
c/ Ta c OCND l hnh bnh hnh nn
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26
Bi 3:
Cho tam gic ABC, cc trung tuyn BM
v CN ct nhau G. Gi P l im
i xng ca im M qua B. Gi Q l
im i xng ca im N qua G.
a/ T gic MNPQ l hnh g?
V sao ?
b/ Nu ABC cn A th t
gic MNPQ l hnh g ? V
sao?
gi thit, kt lun.
GV h-ng dn HS :
? MNPQ l hnh g?
*HS: Hnh bnh hnh.
? Cn c vo du hiu no?
*HS: du hiu th 5.
GV yu cu HS ln bng lm phn a.
? Khi tam gic ABC cn ti A ta c
iu g?
*HS: BM = CN.
? Khi ta c nhn xt g v MP v
NQ.
*HS: MP = NQ.
? Nhn xt g v hnh bnh hnh
MNPQ.
*HS: MNPQ l hnh ch nht.
NC // DO, T gic BMND l hnh bnh
hnh nn MN // BD .
M qua N ch c mt -ng thng
song song vi BD do M, N, C thng
hng.

Bi 3:
P Q
G
N
M
C
B
A

a/ Ta c MG = GP = 1/3.BM
GQ = GN = 1/3.CN.
Vy MNPQ l hnh bnh hnh.
b/ Tam gic ABC cn ti A nn BM =
NC.
Khi QN = MP = 2/3 BM = 2/3 CN.
Vy MNPQ l hnh ch nht.

.
BTVN:
Cho tam gic ABC, cc trung tuyn BM v CN ct nhau G. Gi P l im i
xng ca im M qua B. Gi Q l im i xng ca im N qua G.
a) T gic MNPQ l hnh g? V sao ?
b) Nu ABC cn A th t gic MNPQ l hnh g ? V sao?

K duyt 12/9/2011
Ph hiu trng

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27

Bui 11:
n tp ch-ng I(i s)

A. Mc tiu:
Rn k nng gii cc loi ton: thc hin php tnh; rt gn tnh gi tr ca
biu thc; tm x; chng minh ng thc; phn tch a thc thnh nhn t.
B. ni dung:
1. L thuyt c bn
1) Vit qui tc nhn n thc vi a thc, qui tc nhn a thc vi a
thc.
2) Vit 7 HT ng nh.
3) Nu cc ph-ng php phn tch a thc thnh nhn t.
4) Vit qui tc chia a thc cho n thc; chia 2 a thc mt bin sp
xp.
2. Bi tp
Dng 1: Thc hin tnh.
Bi 1. Tnh:
a) 5xy
2
(x 3y) d) (x + 2y)(x y)
b) (x +5)(x
2
- 2x +3) e) 2x(x + 5)(x 1)
c) (x 2y)(x + 2y) f) (x 1)(x
2
+ x + 1)
Bi 2. Thc hin php chia .
a) 12a
3
b
2
c:(- 4abc) b) (5x
2
y 7xy
2
) : 2xy
c) (x
2
7x +6) : (x -1) d) (12x
2
y) 25xy
2
+3xy) :3xy
e) (x
3
+3x
2
+3x +1):(x+1) f) (x
2
-4y
2
) :(x +2y)
Dng 2: Rt gn biu thc.
Bi 1. Rt gn cc biu thc sau.
a) x(x-y) (x+y)(x-y) b) 2a(a-1) 2(a+1)
2

c) (x + 2)
2
- (x-1)
2
d) x(x 3)
2
x(x +5)(x 2)
Bi 2. Rt gn cc biu thc sau.
a) (x +2y)(x
2
-2xy +4y
2
) (x-y)(x
2
+ xy +y
2
)
b) (x +1)(x-1)
2
(x+2)(x
2
-2x +4)
Bi 3. Cho biu thc: M = (2x +3)(2x -3) 2(x +5)
2
2(x -1)(x +2)
a) Rt gn M
b) Tnh gi tr ca M ti x =
3
1
2 .
c) Tm x M = 0.
Dng 3: Tm x
Bi 1. Tm x, bit:
a) x(x -1) (x+2)
2
= 1. b) (x+5)(x-3) (x-2)
2
= -1.
c) x(2x-4) (x-2)(2x+3).
Bi 2. Tm x , bit:
a) x(3x+2) +(x+1)
2
(2x-5)(2x+5) = -12
b) (x-1)(x
2
+x+1) x(x-3)
2
= 6x
2

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28
Bi 3. Tm x , bit:
a) x
2
-x = 0 c) (x+2)(x-3) x-2 = 0
b) 36x
2
-49 = 0 d) 3x
3
27x = 0
Dng 4: Phn tch a thc thnh nhn t.
Bi 1. Phn tch cc a thc thnh nhn t.

1. 3x +3
2. 5x
2
5
3. 2a
2
-4a +2
4. x
2
-2x+2y-xy
5. (x
2
+1)
2
4x
2

6. x
2
-y
2
+2yz z
2

Bi 2. Phn tch a thc thnh nhn t.

1, x
2
-7x +5
2, 2y
2
-3y-5
3, 3x
2
+2x-5
4, x
2
-9x-10
5, 25x
2
-12x-13
6, x
3
+y
3
+z
3
-3xyz

Bi 3.
a/ Thc hin php tnh:
(x
3
+ x
2
- x + a) : (x + 1)
= x
2
- 1 +
1
1
a
x
+
+

b/ Xc nh a a thc: x
3
+ x
2
- x + a chia ht cho(x - 1)
Ta c:

(x
3
+ x
2
- x + a) : (x - 1)
= x
2
+ 2x + 1 +
1
1
a
x
+

a thc: x
3
+ x
2
- x + a chia ht cho
(x - 1) th 1 + a = 0
Hay a = -1.
Vy vi a = -1 th a thc: x
3
+ x
2
- x + a chia ht cho(x - 1).

Bi 4:Tm tt c cc gi tr nguyn ca n 2n
2
+ 3n + 3 chia ht cho 2n -1.
Thc hin php chia 2n
2
+ 3n + 3 cho 2n 1 ta -c
2
2 3 3 5
2
2 1 2 1
n n
n
n n
+ +
! + +

2
2 3 3
2 1
n n
n
+ +
l s nguyn th
5
2 1 n
phi l s nguyn. Suy ra 2n -1 l -c ca 5.

(5) = { -1 , 1, -5, 5}
Vi 2n 1 = -1 ta c n = 0
Vi 2n 1 = 1 ta c n = 1
Vi 2n 1 = -5 ta c n = -2
Vi 2n -1 = 5 ta c n = 3
Vy vi n = 0; n = 1 ; n = -2 ; n = 3 th 2n
2
+ 3n + 3 chia ht cho 2n -1.

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29

Bui 12: hnh thoi hnh vung
A. Mc tiu:
- Cng c : nh ngha, tnh cht, du hiu nhn bit hnh thoi.
- Rn k nng chng minh mt t gic l hnh thoi.
B. Chun b:
- GV: h thng bi tp.
- HS: kin thc v hnh thoi: nh ngha, tnh cht, du hiu nhn bit.
C. Tin trnh.
1. n nh lp.
2. Kim tra bi c.
? Trnh by nh ngha, tnh cht, du hiu nhn bit hnh thoi.
*HS: - Du hiu nhn bit hnh thoi :
y T gic c bn cnh bng nhau l hnh thoi.
y Hnh bnh hnh c hai cnh k bng nhau l hnh thoi.
y Hnh bnh hnh c hai -ng cho vu ng gc l hnh thoi.
Hnh bnh hnh c mt -ng cho l phn gic ca mt gc l hnh thoi.

- Du hiu nhn bit hnh vu ng :
y Hnh ch nht c hai cnh k bng nhau l hnh vu ng
y Hnh ch nht c hai -ng cho vu ng gc vi nhau l hnh vu ng.
y Hnh ch nht c mt -ng cho l phn gic ca mt gc l hnh
vu ng.
y Hnh thoi c mt gc vu ng l hnh vu ng.
Hnh thoi c hai -ng cho bng nhau l hnh vu ng.
3. Bi mi.
GV cho HS lm bi tp.
Bi 1:
Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD, v BH1AD,
BK1DC. Bit rng BH = BK, chng t
rng ABCD l hnh thoi. .
Yu cu HS ln bng v hnh, ghi gi
thit, kt lun.
* HS ln bng lm bi.
GV gi HS cch lm bi.
? Hnh bnh hnh l hnh thoi khi
no?
*HS: c hai cnh k bng nhau, c hai
-ng cho vu ng gc vi nhau, -ng

Bi 1:

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30
cho l tia phn gic ca gc.

Bi 2 :
Cho tam gic ABC, trung tuyn AM
Qua M k -ng thng song song vi
AC ct AB P. Qua M k -ng
thng song song vi AB ct AC Q.
a/ T gic APMQ l hnh g ? V
sao ?
b/ ABC cn iu kin g th
APMQ l hnh ch nht , hnh thoi?
* HS ln bng lm bi.
GV gi HS cch lm bi.
? APMQ l hnh g?
*HS: Hnh bnh hnh.
? Cn c vo u?
*HS: du hiu cc cnh i song song.
? APMQ l hnh ch nht ta cn
iu kin g?
*HS: c 1 gc vu ng.
? Tam gic ABC cn iu kin g?
*HS: gc A vu ng.
*HS: du hiu cc cnh i song song.
? APMQ l hnh thoi ta cn iu
kin g?
*HS: c hai cnh k bng nhau.
? Tam gic ABC cn iu kin g?
*HS: tam gic cn.

Bi 3:
Cho t gic ABCD. Gi M,N,P,Q ln
l-t l trung im ca AB,BC,CD,DA.
a) T gic MNPQ l hnh g? V
sao?
b) Tm iu kin ca t gic ABCD
t gic MNPQ l hnh vu ng?

thit, kt lun.
* HS ln bng lm bi.
GV gi HS lm bi.
? Nhn dng t gic MNPQ?
*HS: T gic MNPQ l hnh bnh
hnh.
K
H
D
C
A B

Ta c: BH = BK, m BH1AD,
BK1DC. do B thuc tia phn gic
ca gc ADC , theo du hiu nhn
bit hnh thoi ta c t gic ABCD l
hnh thoi.

Bi 2:
P
Q
M
C
B
A

a/ Theo bi ta c :
AP // MQ, AQ // PM nn APMQ l hnh
bnh hnh.
b/ Ta c APMQ l hnh bnh hnh,
APMQ l hnh ch nht th mt
gc bng 90
0
, do tam gic ABC
vu ng ti A.
APQMQ l hnh thoi th PM = MQ
hay tam gic ABC cn t A.

Bi 3:
Q
P
N
M
D
C
B
A

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31
? Cn c vo u?
*HS: Mt cp cnh i song song v
bng nhau.
? MNPQ l hnh vu ng ta cn
iu kin g?
*HS: hai -ng cho vu ng gc v
bng nhau.
? Vy t gic ABCD cn iu kin
g?
*HS: hai -ng cho vu ng gc v
bng nhau.
Bi 4:
Cho hnh thoi ABCD, O l giao im
ca hai -ng cho.Cc -ng phn
gic ca bn gc nh O ct cc cnh
AB, BC, CD, DA theo th t E, F, G,
H. Chng minh EFGH l hnh vu ng.

thit, kt lun.
* HS ln bng lm bi.
GV gi HS lm bi.
t gic l hnh vu ng?
*HS: c 4 gc vu ng, c 4 cnh bng
nhau.

a/ Ta c MN // AC, MN = 1/2. AC,
PQ // AC, PQ = 1/2.AC,
Do t gic MNPQ l hnh bnh
hnh.
b/ Ta c MNPQ l hnh bnh hnh,
MNPQ l hnh vu ng th MN =
MQ, m MN = 1/2 .AC, MQ = 1/2. BD
nn
AC = BD.
Khi MNPQ l hnh thoi.
MNPQ l hnh vu ng th gc M
bng 90
0
, vy AC 1BD.
Vy MNPQ l hnh vu ng th AC
= BD v AC 1BD.

Bi 4:
O
G
G
F
E
D
C
B
A

Ta c BOE BOF ( ! (
(cnh huyn- gc nhn)
nn OE = OF ta li c OE 1OF nn tam
gic EOF vu ng cn ti O.
T-ng t ta c , , FOG GOH HOE ( ( (
vu ng cn ti O.
Khi EFGH l hnh vu ng.

4. Cng c:
- yu cu HS nhc li nh ngha, tnh cht , du hiu nhn bit hnh thoi.
BTVN:
Cho hnh thoi ABCD . Gi O l giao im ca 2 -ng cho.
V -ng thng qua B v song song vi AC, v -ng thng qua C v song
song vi BD, hai -ng thng ct nhau K.
a) T gic OBKC l hnh g? v sao?
b) Chng minh rng AB = OK.

K duyt 12/9/2011
Ph hiu trng

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32

******************************************
Bui 13: n tp ch-ng I

A. Mc tiu.
- H thng ton b kin thc v t gic.nh ngha, tnh cht, du hiu nhn
bit cc hnh: hnh thang, hnh thang cn, hnh bnh hnh, hnh ch nht,
hnh thoi, hnh vu ng, cc tnh cht ca -ng trung bnh ca tam gic, ca
hnh thang.
- Rn k nng chng minh cc hnh c bit: hnh thang cn, hnh bnh hnh,
hnh tho, hnh ch nht, hnh vu ng.
B. Chun b:
GV: H thng bi tp.
HS: h thng kin thc t u nm.
.
C. Tin trnh.
1. n nh lp.
2. Kim tra bi c.
- Yu cu HS nhc li :
nh ngha, tnh cht, du hiu nhn bit cc hnh: hnh thang, hnh thang
cn, hnh bnh hnh, hnh ch nht, hnh thoi, hnh vu ng, cc tnh cht ca
-ng trung bnh ca tam gic, ca hnh thang.
*HS:
3. Bi mi.
GV cho HS lm bi tp.
Bi 1.
Cho tam gic ABC, D l im nm
gia B v C. Qua D k cc -ng
thng song song vi AB, AC, chng
ct cc cnh AC, AB theo th t E v
F.
a/ T gic AEDF l hnh g? V sao?
b/ im D v tr no trn cnh BC
th t gic AEDF l hnh thoi.
c/ Nu tam gic ABC vu ng ti A th
ADEF l hnh g?im D v tr
no trn cnh BC th t gic AEDF l
hnh vu ng.
hnh.
*HS ln bng, HS d-i lp lm bi vo
v.

Bi 1.
E
F
D
C
B
A

a/ Xt t gic AEDF ta c:
AE // FD, AF // DE
Vy AEDF l hnh bnh hnh(hai
cp cnh i song song vi nhau).
b/ Ta c AEDF l hnh bnh hnh,
AEDF l hnh ch nht th AD l
phn gic ca gc FAE hai AD l
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33
- GV gi :
? T gic AEDF l hnh g?
*HS: hnh bnh hnh?
? Cn c vo u?
*HS: 2 cp cnh i song song v
bng nhau.
? AEDF l hnh thoi ta cn iu
kin g?
*HS: -ng cho l -ng phn gic
ca 1 gc.
? Khi D v tr no?
*HS: D l chn -ng phn gic k t
A.
? Khi tam gic ABC vu ng ti A th t
gic AEDF c iu g c bit?
*HS: C mt gc vu ng.
? T gic AEDF l hnh g?
*HS: Hnh ch nht.

Bi 2.
Cho tam gic ABC vu ng ti A, im D
l trung im ca BC. Gi M l im
i xng vi D qua AB, E l giao im
ca DM v AB. Gi N l im i
xng vi D qua AC, F l giao im ca
DN v AC.
a/ T gic AEDF l hnh g?V sao?
b/ Cc t gic ADBM, ADCN l hnh
g? V sao?
c/ Chng minh rng M i xng vi N
qua A.
d/ Tam gic ABC c thm iu kin g
t gic AEDF l hnh vu ng.
hnh.
v.
- GV gi :
? Nhn xt g v t gic AEDF.
*HS; l hnh ch nht v c 3 gc
vu ng.
? chng minh t gic l hnh thoi ta
cn chng minh nhng iu kin g?
*HS: Hai -ng cho ct nhau ti
trung im ca mi -ng v hai
-ng cho vu ng gc.
phn gic ca gc BAC.
Khi D l chn -ng phn gic k
t A xung cnh BC.
c/ Nu tam gic ABC vu ng ti A th
0
90 A . !
Khi AEDF l hnh ch nht.
Ta c AEDF l hnh thoi khi D l chn
-ng phn gic k t A xung BC, m
AEDF l hnh ch nht.
Kt hp iu kin phn b th AEDF
l hnh vu ng khi D l chn -ng
phn gic k t A n BC.

Bi 2.
E
F
N
M
D
C
B
A

a/ Xt t gic AEDF ta c:
0
90 A E F . ! . ! . !
Vy t gic AEDF l hnh ch nht.
b/ Xt t gic ADBM ta c:
BE 1MD, MD v BE ct nhau ti E l
trung im ca mi -ng.
Vy ADBM l hnh thoi.
T-ng t ta c ADCn l hnh thoi.
c/ Theo b ta c t gic ADBM, ADCN l
hnh thoi nn AM// BD, AN // DC, m
B, C, D thng hng nn A, M, N thng
hng.
Mt khc ta c:
AN = DC. AM = DB, DC = DB
Nn AN = AM.
Vy M v N i xng qua A.
d/ Ta c AEDF l hnh ch nht.
AEDF l hnh vu ng th AE = AF
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34
? chng minh M i xng vi N qua
A ta cn chng minh iu g?
*HS: M, N, A thng hng v A l trung
im ca MN.
? Chng minh M, A, N thng hng?
*HS: cng nm trn -ng thng qua A
v song song vi BC.
? AEDF l hnh vu ng thi ta cn iu
kin g?
*HS : AE = AF.
? Khi tam gic ABC cn iu kin
g?
*HS: AB = AC.

Bi 3.
Cho tam gic ABC vu ng ti A, -ng
cao AH. Gi D l im i xng vi H
qua AB, E l im i xng vi H qua
AC.
a/ Chng minh D i xng vi E qua A.
b/ Tam gic DHE l tam gic g? V
sao?
c/ T gic BDEC l hnh g? V sao?
d/ Chng minh rng: BC = BD + CE.
hnh.
v.
- GV gi :
? chng minh D i xng vi E qua
A ta cn chng minh iu g?
*HS: A, D, E thng hng v A l trung
im ca DE.
- Yu cu HS ln bng lm bi.
? Tam gic DHE l tam gic g?
*HS: tam gic vu ng.
? V sao?
*HS : -ng trung tuyn bng na
cnh i din.
? T gic ADEC l hnh g?
*HS: Hnh thang vu ng.
- yu cu HS ln bng chng minh.
? chng minh BC = BD + CE ta
cn chng minh iu g?
*HS: BD = BH, CH = CE.
M AE = 1/2.AB, AF = 1/2.AC
Khi AC = AB
Hay ABC l tam gic cn ti A.
Bi 3.
E
D
H
C
B
A

a/ Ta c AB l trung trc ca DH nn
DA= HA, hay tam gic DAH cn ti A.
Suy ra DAB BAH . ! .
T-ng t ta c AH = HE, EAC CAD . ! .
Khi ta c:
)
0 0
2
2.90 180
DAH HAE BAH HAC . + . ! . + .
! !

Vy A, D, E thng hng.
V AD = AE ( = AH)
Do D i xng vi E qua A.
b/Xt tam gic DHE c AH = HE = AE
nn tam gic DHE vu ng ti H v -ng
trung tuyn bng na cnh i din.
c/ Ta c
0 0
90 , 90 ADB AHB AEC . ! . ! . !
Khi BDEC l hnh thang vu ng.
d/ Ta c BD = BH v D v H i xng
qua AB.
T-ng t ta c CH = CE.
M BC = CH + HB nn BC = BD + CE.
Bi 4.
O
N
M
F
E
D
C
B
A

a/ T gic DEBF l hnh bnh hnh
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35

Bi 4.
Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD c E, F
theo th t l trung im ca AB, CD.
a/ T gic DEBF l hnh g? V sao?
b/ Chng minh rng cc -ng thng
AC, BD, EF cng ct nhau ti mt
im.
c/ Gi giao im ca AC vi DE v BF
theo th t l M v N. Chng minh
rng t gic EMFN l hnh bnh hnh.
hnh.
v.
- GV gi :
? Nhn dng t gic DEBF?
*HS: Hnh bnh hnh v c 2 cnh
i song song v bng nhau.
? chng minh ba on thng cng
ct nhau ti mt im ta lm th
no?
*HS: Gi s 2 -ng thng ct nhau
ti 1 im sau chng minh on
thng cn li i qua im .
*HS: Tr li cc du hiu.
? Trong bi tp ny ta nn chng minh
theo cch no?
*HS: Hai -ng cho ct nhau ti
trung im ca mi -ng.
GV yu cu HS ln bng lm bi
v EB // DF v EB = DF.
b/ Gi O l giao im ca AC v BD,
ta c O l trung im ca BD.
Theo a ta c DEBF l hnh bnh hnh
nn O l trung im ca BD cng l
trung im ca EF.
Vy AC, BD, EF cng ct nhau ti O.
c/ Tam gic ABD c cc -ng trung
tuyn AO, DE ct nhau ti M nn
OM = 1/3.OA
T-ng t ta c ON = 1/3.OC.
M OA = OC nn OM =ON.
T gic EMFN c cc -ng cho ct
nhau ti trung im ca mi -ng nn
l hnh bnh hnh.
4. Cng c:
- Yu cu HS nhc li cc du hiu nhn bit cc hnh: hnh thang, hnh bnh
hnh, hnh thoi, hnh ch nht, hnh vu ng.
BTVN
Cho tam gic ABC vu ng ti A, -ng cao AH. Gi D l im i xng vi H qua
AB, E l im i xng vi H qua AC.
a/ Chng minh D i xng vi E qua A.
b/ Tam gic DHE l tam gic g? V sao?
c/ T gic BDEC l hnh g? V sao?
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36
d/ Chng minh rng: BC = BD + CE.

K duyt 12/9/2011
Ph hiu trng

**********************************
Bui 14: phn thc i s.
A. Mc tiu:
- Cng c nh ngha phn thc i s, cch xc nh mt biu thc i s l
phn thc i s.
- Rn k nng chng minh hai phn thc i s bng nhau.
- Nng cao tm gi tr ln nht v nh nht ca phn thc i s.
B. Chun b:
- GV: h thng bi tp.
- HS: cc kin thc v phn thc i s.
C. Tin trnh.
1. n nh lp.
2. Kim tra bi c.
- Yu cu HS nhc li nh ngha phn thc i s, hai phn thc bng nhau.
HS:
3. Bi mi.
GV cho HS lm bi tp.
Bi 1: Dng nh ngha hai phn
thc bng nhau chng minh cc phn
thc sau bng nhau.
3 4 4
3
5
/
7 35
xy x y
a
x y
!
)
)
2
2
. 3
/
3
. 3
x x x
b
x
x x
+
!
+
+

2
2
2 4 4
/
2 4
x x x
c
x x
+
!
+

3 2
9 3
/
15 5 5
x x x x
d
x

!

GV gi :
? chng minh hai phn thc bng
nhau ta lm th no?
*HS: Ta ly t ca phn thc th
nht nhn vi mu ca phn thc
th hai v ng-c li, sau so snh
kt qu. Nu kt qu ging nhau th
hai phn thc bng nhau.
Bi 1: Dng nh ngha hai phn thc
bng nhau chng minh cc phn thc
sau bng nhau.
a/ Ta c:
xy
3
.35x
3
y = 35x
4
y
4
= 7.5x
4
y
4

do
3 4 4
3
5
7 35
xy x y
x y
!
b/ Ta c: x
2
(x + 3)(x + 3) = x.x.(x + 3)
2

do :
)
)
2
2
. 3
3
. 3
x x x
x
x x
+
!
+
+

c/ Ta c:
( 2 - x).(4 - x
2
) = (2 + x) (x
2
- 4x + 4)
Do :
2
2
2 4 4
2 4
x x x
x x
+
!
+

d/ T-ng t ta c:
5.(x
3
- 9x) = (15 - 5x).( -x
2
- 3x)
Nn
3 2
9 3
15 5 5
x x x x
x

!

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37
GV cho HS lm bi dng tm gi tr
ln nht v nh nht ca phn thc
i s.
GV -a ra ph-ng php gii sau
cho bi tp.
HS ghi bi.
Bi 2:
a/ Tm GTNN ca phn thc:
3 2 1
14
x +

b/ Tm GTLN ca phn thc:
2
4 4
15
x x +

GV gi :
? tm gi tr ln nht v nh nht
ta phi lm th no?
*HS: -a v bnh ph-ng ca mt
tng hay mt hiu ri xt cc tng
hoc hiu.
GV lm mu, HS ghi bi v t lm
bi.
Bi 3:
Vit cc phn thc sau d-i dng mt
phn thc bng n v c t thc l x
3

y
3
.
a/
x y
x y
+

b/
2 2
x xy y
x y
+ +

GV h-ng dn:
? c phn thc c t l x
3
y
3
th
t thc ca phn a phi nhn vi a
thc no?
*HS: x
2
+ xy + y
2
.
? c phn thc c t l x
3
y
3
th
t thc ca phn b phi nhn vi a
thc no?
*HS: x y .
GV cho HS lm bi tp 2.
Bi 4:Tnh gi tr ca biu thc.
) )
) )
2
3
2 2 2
1 4
x x x
x x x
+ +
+
vi x = -1/2
GV h-ng dn:
- T = a + [f(x)]
2
c gi tr nh nht bng a
khi f(x) = 0.
- T = b - [f(x)]
2
c gi tr ln nht bng b
khi f(x) = 0.
Bi 2:
a/ Tm GTNN ca phn thc:
3 2 1
14
x +

Ta c: mu thc 14 > 0 nn
3 2 1
14
x +
c
GTNN khi 3 + |2x - 1| c GTNN.
V 2x - 1| > 0 nn 3 + |2x - 1| > 3
Suy ra 3 + |2x - 1| c GTNN l 3
khi 2x - 1 = 0 hay x = 1/2
Khi GTNN ca phn thc l 3/14.
b/ Tm GTLN ca phn thc:
2
4 4
15
x x +

Mu thc d-ng nn phn thc c GTLN
khi -4x
2
+ 4x c gi tr ln nht.
Ta c : - 4x
2
+ 4x = 1 - (2x - 1)
2

V - (2x - 1)
2
< 0 nn 1 - (2x - 1)
2
< 1.
GTLN ca phn thc l 1/15 khi x = 1/2.
Bi 3:
Vit cc phn thc sau d-i dng mt
phn thc bng n v c t thc l x
3

y
3
.
a/
) )
) ) ) )
2 2
3 3
2 2 2 2
x y x xy y
x y x y
x y x y x xy y x y x xy y
+ +

! !
+ + + + + + +

b/
) )
) )
)
2 2
2 2 3 3
2
.
x y x xy y
x xy y x y
x y x y x y
x y
+ +
+ +
! !

Bi 4:Tnh gi tr ca biu thc.
) )
) )
2
3
2 2 2
1 4
x x x
x x x
+ +
+
vi x = -1/2
Ta c:
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38
? tnh gi tr ca biu thc ta
lm th no?
*HS: Thay gi tr ca bin vo biu
thc ri tnh.
? bi ny c nn tnh nh- vy
kh ng?
*HS: Nn rt gn tr-c sau mi
tnh.

) )
) )
) )
) )
) )
) ) )
2
3
2
2 2 2
1 4
2 .2 . 1
1 . . 4
2 .2 . 1
1 . . 2 2
2
2
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x x
x
+
+
+
!
+
+
!
+ +
!
+

Thay x = -1/2 vo biu thc ta -c:
2 2 4
1
2 3
2
2
x

! !
+
+

4. Cng c:
- Yu cu HS n li cch tm GTLN, GTNN ca biu thc.
BTVN:
Tm GTLN, GTNN ca cc biu thc sau:
2
4 6
/
3
x x
a
+ +

4 2 1 2
/
5
x
b
+

K duyt 12/9/2011
Ph hiu trng

Bui15: quy ng mu thc ca nhiu phn Thc
A. Mc tiu:
- Cng c quy tc quy ng phn thc i s.
- Rn k nng tm mu thc chung, quy ng phn thc .
B. Chun b:
- GV: h thng bi tp.
- HS: cc kin thc v cch quy dng phn thc i s.
C. Tin trnh.
1. n nh lp.
2. Kim tra bi c.
- Yu cu HS nhc li cc b-c quy ng phn thc.
HS:
3. Bi mi.
GV cho HS lm bi.
Dng 1: Tm mu thc chung.
Bi 1: Tm mu thc chung ca cc
Dng 1: Tm mu thc chung.
Bi 1: Tm mu thc chung ca cc
phn thc sau.
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39
phn thc sau.
3 2 4 3 3
2
/ ; ;
15 10 20
y x
a
x y x z y z

2 2 2 2
/ ; ;
x z y
b
y yz y yz y z +

5 7
/ ; ;
2 4 3 9 50 25
z
c
x x x

? tm mu thc chung ta lm th
no?
*HS: Phn tch mu thnh nhn t,
sau tm nhn t chung v nhn
t ring vi s m ln nht.
Dng 2: Quy ng.
Bi 2:
3 2 4 3 3
2
/ ; ;
15 10 20
y x
a
x y x z y z

2 2 2 2
/ ; ;
x z y
b
y yz y yz y z +

5 7
/ ; ;
2 4 3 9 50 25
z
c
x x x

? Nu cc b-c quy ng mu nhiu
phn thc?
*HS:
- Tm MTC
- Tm nhn t ph
- Nhn c t v mu vi nhn t ph
t-ng ng.
GV lm mu phn a, cc phn khc
HS lm t-ng t.

Bi 3:
2 2
7 1 3 2
/ ;
2 6 9
x x
a
x x x

+

2 2
2 1 1
/ ;
2 4 2
x x
b
x x x x
+
+

3 2
1 2 2
/ ; ;
1 1 1
x x
c
x x x x
+ + +

2 2
7 4
/ ; ;
5 2 8 2
x y
d
x x y y x

2
3 2 2
6 3 2
/ ; ;
6 12 8 4 4 2 4
x x
e
x x x x x x + + + + + +

GV yu cu HS ln bng lm theo
ng trnh t ba b-c hc.
HS ln bng lm bi.

a/ MTC: 60x
4
y
3
z
3
.
b/ Ta c:
y
2
- yz = y(y - z)
y
2
+ yz = y(y + z)
y
2
- z
2
= (y + z)(y - z)
Vy MTC: y.(y + z)(y - z)
c/ Ta c:
2x - 4 = 2( x - 2)
3x - 9 = 3(x - 3)
50 - 25x = 25(2 - x)
Vy MTC : - 150(x - 2)(x - 3)

Dng 2: Quy ng.
Bi 2:
3 2 4 3 3
2
/ ; ;
15 10 20
y x
a
x y x z y z

- MTC: 60x
4
y
3
z
3

- NTP:
60x
4
y
3
z
3
: 15x
3
y
2
= 4xyz
3

60x
4
y
3
z
3
: 10x
4
z
3
= 6y
3

60x
4
y
3
z
3
: 20y
3
z = 3x
4
z
2

- Quy ng.
3
3 2 4 3 3
4
4 3 4 3 3
5 2
3 4 3 3
2 8
;
15 60
24
;
10 60
3
20 60
xyz
x y x y z
y y
x z x y z
x x z
y z x y z
!
!

!

Bi 3:
a/ MTC : 2.(x + 3)(x - 3)
b/ MTC : 2x(x - 1)
2

c/ MTC: x
3
+ 1
d/ MTC: 10x(x
2
- 4y
2
)
e/ MTC: 2.(x + 2)
3
.
Bi 4:Thc hin php tnh sau :
)
) )
2 2
2 2 2
2
10 10
) 1
10 10 10
10 25 10 25
)
25 25 25
5 5
.
5 5 5
x x
a
x x x
x x x x
b
x x x
x x
x x x
+
+ ! !
+ + +
+
+ !

! !
+ +

Bi 5: Thc hin php tnh :
a)
6 2
1
+
+
x
x
+
x x
x
3
3 2
2
+
+

2x + 6 = 2(x + 3)
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40
Bi 4:Thc hin php tnh sau :
2
2 2
10
) ;
10 10
10 25
) .
25 25
x
a
x x
x x
b
x x
+
+ +
+

*HS: ln bng.

Bi 5: Thc hin php tnh :
a)
6 2
1
+
+
x
x
+
x x
x
3
3 2
2
+
+

b)
y x
x
2
+
y x
x
2 +
+
2 2
4
4
x y
xy
.
- Yu cu HS nhc li cc b-c cng
hai phn thc.
*HS: - Quy ng mu thc.
- Cng hai phn thc.
? Nu cc b-c quy ng mu thc?
*HS: - Tm MTC
- Tm NTP
- Quy ng.

x
2
+ 3x =x(x +3)
MTC: 2x(x + 3)
6 2
1
+
+
x
x
+
x x
x
3
3 2
2
+
+
=
( 1)
2 ( 3)
x x
x x
+
+
+
2(2 3)
2 ( 3)
x
x x
+
+

) )
)
2
3 2 4 6
2 ( 3) 2 3
2
2
x x x x x
x x x x
x
x
+ + + + +
! !
+ +
+
!

b)
y x
x
2
+
y x
x
2 +
+
2 2
4
4
x y
xy
.
MTC: 4y
2
- x
2

y x
x
2
+
y x
x
2 +
+
2 2
4
4
x y
xy

=
)
) )
2
2 2
x x y
y x y x
+
+
+
)
)
2
( 2 ) 2
x y x
x y y x
+
+
) )
4
2 2
xy
y x y x +

=
) )
2 2
2 2 4
2 2
x xy xy x xy
y x y x
+ +
+

=
) )
2
2 4
2 2
x xy
y x y x
+
+

=
2
2
x
y x +

BTVN:
Quy ng mu cc phn thc sau:
2 2 2
3 2 2
2 2 2 2
/ ;
2 . .
1 1
/ ; ;
1 1
/ ;
6 . 2 3 4 . 4
x x a
a
x a x a x a x
x x x
b
x x x x x
a x a x
c
x a x a x a x a
+
+
+
+ +
+
+

K duyt 12/9/2011
Ph hiu trng

******************************************
Bui 16: din tch a gic, din tch tam gic.

A. Mc tiu:
- Cng c li kin thc v din tch ca a gic, tam gic.
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41
- Rn k nng vn dng tnh cht din tch ca a gic tnh din tch ca
cc hnh cn li.
- HS bit tnh din tch cc hnh c bn, bit tm din tch ln nht ca mt
hnh.
B. Chun b:
- GV: H thng bi tp.
- HS: c ng thc tnh din tch tam gic, din tch a gic.
C. Tin trnh.
1. n nh lp.
2. Kim tra bi c.
? Nu cc c ng thc tnh din tch tam gic: tam gic th-ng, tam gic vu ng.
*HS:
1
.
2
S a h !
3. Bi mi.
GV cho HS lm bi tp.
Bi 1;
Cho tam gic cn ABC c AB = AC,
BC = 30cm, -ng cao AH = 20cm.
Tnh -ng cao ng vi cnh bn.
- Yu cu HS ln bng v hnh.
? Nhc li c ng thc tnh din tch
tam gic?
*HS:
1
.
2
S a h !
? C my cch tnh din tch tam
gic?
*HS: tnh theo cc cnh v -ng cao
t-ng ng.
? tnh theo cch ta cn phi
lm g?
*HS: K -ng cao t-ng ng vi cc
cnh cn li.

Bi 2:
Cho tam gic ABC vu ng ti A, AB =
6cm. Qua D thuc cnh BC, k on
DE nm ngoi tam gic ABC sao cho
DE // AC v DE = 4cm. Tnh din
tch tam gic BEC.
- Yu cu HS ln bng v hnh.

Bi 1;

K
C
H
B
A

K BK 1AC
Ta c:
AC
2
= AH
2
+ HC
2
= 20
2
+ 15
2
= 625
AC = 25cm
2
1 1
. .30.20 300
2 2
2 2.300
24
25 25
ABC
S BC AH cm
S
BK cm
! ! !
! ! !

Bi 2:
H
D
E
K
C
B
A

Gi H l giao im ca DE v AB.
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42
? tnh din tch tam gic BEC ta
lm th no?
*HS: da v tnh cht din tch a
gic.
? tam gic BCE c th tnh bng cch
no?
*HS: H -ng vu ng gc sau tnh
theo cc i l-ng bit.
Gi K l chn -ng vu ng gc k t C
xung DE. Ta c:
)
)
2
1 1
. .
2 2
1
2
1
.
2
1
.
2
1
.4.6
2
24
BEC BDE CDE
S S S
DE BH DE KC
DE BH CK
DE BH AH
DE AB
cm
! +
! +
! +
! +
!
!
!

4. Cng c.
- Yu cu HS nhc li cc cch tnh din tch a gic, tam gic.
BTVN:
Bi 1.
Cho tam gic cn c -ng cao ng vi cnh y bng 15cm, -ng cao ng vi
cnh bn bng 20. Tnh cc cnh ca tam gic .
Bi 2.
Cho tam gic ABC, cc -ng trung tuyn BD, CE. Bit BC = 10cm, BD = 9cm,
CE = 12cm.
a/ Chng minh rng BD 1CE.
b/ Tnh din tch tam gic ABC.
K duyt 12/9/2011
Ph hiu trng

Bui 17 : n tp hc k i
A - Mc tiu:
- HS -c cng c cc kin thc c bn ca HK I
- HS -c rn gii cc dng ton:
*Nhn,chia a thc
* Phn tch a thc thnh nhn t.
* Thc hin php tnh cng tr nhn chia cc phn thc...
B - ni dung:

GV cho HS lm bi tp.
Bi tp tng hp v cng, tr phn
thc i s.
Bi 1.Cho biu thc:
B =
) )
2
1 1 1
2 3 3 4 15 14 x x x x x
+ +
+ + + + +

a/ Rt gn biu thc.
b/ Tm gi tr ca x B < 0.
Bi tp tng hp v cng, tr phn
thc i s.
Bi 1.Cho biu thc:
B =
) )
2
1 1 1
2 3 3 4 15 14 x x x x x
+ +
+ + + + +

a/ Rt gn biu thc.
B =
) )
2
1 1 1
2 3 3 4 15 14 x x x x x
+ +
+ + + + +

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43
? tnh gi tr ca biu thc A ta
lm th no?
*HS: quy ng sau rt gn biu
thc.
? Nu cc b-c quy ng mu nhiu
phn thc.
*HS:
- Phn tch mu thnh nhn t.
- Tm nhn t ph.
- Quy ng.

? B < 0 ta cn iu kin g?
*HS: 4x + 7 < 0.

Bi 2.Cho biu thc:
C =
2
1 1 5
5 5
x
x x x x
+ +
+ +

a/ Rt gn biu thc.
b/ Tm x C > 0.
t-ng t ging bi 1.

Bi 3.
a/ Thc hin php tnh:
(x
3
+ x
2
- x + a) : (x +1)
? Nu cch chia a thc sp xp.
=
) )
1 1 1
2 3 3 ( 2)(4 7) x x x x x
+ +
+ + + + +

=
4 7 ( 2)(4 7) 3
( 2)( 3)(4 7)
x x x x
x x x
+ + + + + +
+ + +

=
2
4 7 4 15 14 3
( 2)( 3)(4 7)
x x x x
x x x
+ + + + + +
+ + +

=
2
4 20 24
( 2)( 3)(4 7)
x x
x x x
+ +
+ + +

=
4( 2)( 3)
( 2)( 3)(4 7)
x x
x x x
+ +
+ + +

=
4
4 7 x +

b/ Tm gi tr ca x B < 0.
Ta c B =
4
4 7 x +

B < 0 th 4x + 7 < 0
Do x < -7/4.
Vy vi x < - 7/4 th B < 0.

Bi 2.Cho biu thc:
C =
2
1 1 5
5 5
x
x x x x
+ +
+ +

a/ Rt gn biu thc.
C =
2
1 1 5
5 5
x
x x x x
+ +
+ +

=
1 1 5
5 ( 5)
x
x x x x
+ +
+ +

=
5 5
( 5)
x x x
x x
+ + +
+

=
3
( 5)
x
x x +

=
3
5 x +

b/ Tm x C > 0.
Ta c C =
3
5 x +

C > 0 th x + 5 > 0
Do x > - 5.
Vy vi x > -5 th C > 0.

Bi 3.
a/ Thc hin php tnh:
(x
3
+ x
2
- x + a) : (x + 1)
= x
2
- 1 +
1
1
a
x
+
+

b/ Xc nh a a thc: x
3
+ x
2
- x
+ a chia ht cho(x - 1)
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44
*HS: tr li.
b/ Xc nh a a thc: x
3
+ x
2
- x

? mt a thc chia ht cho mt
a thc ta cn iu kin g?
*HS: s d- bng 0.
GV yu cu HS ln bng thc hin v
lm bi.

Ta c:

(x
3
+ x
2
- x + a) : (x - 1)
= x
2
+ 2x + 1 +
1
1
a
x
+

a thc: x
3
+ x
2
- x + a chia ht
cho
(x - 1) th 1 + a = 0
Hay a = -1.
Vy vi a = -1 th a thc: x
3
+ x
2
- x

Bi 1: Lm tnh nhn:
a) 3x(x
2
-7x+9) b) (x
2
1)(x
2
+2x)
Bi 2: Lm tnh chia:
a) (2x
3
+5x
2
-2x+3):(2x
2
-x+1) b) (x
4

x-14):(x-2)
a)
x
x
x
x
+
+ 1
1 2
1
2
b)
2
x xy
y
xy y
x

c)
1
2
2 2
3
2 2
2
2
+
+
x
x
x
x
x
x

Bi 4: Cho biu thc: M =
2 2 2
5 2 5
( ) :
25 5 5
x x x
x x x x x

+ +

a) Tm x gi tr ca M -c xc nh.
b) Rt gn M.
c) Tnh gi tr ca M ti x = 2,5
p s:
a) x= 5; x= -5; x= 0; x= 2,5.
b) M =
5
5 x

c) Ti x=2,5 kh ng t/m KX ca biu thc M nn M kh ng c gi tr ti x=2,5)
K duyt 12/9/2011
Ph hiu trng

*****************************************
Bui 18: n tp hc k I

A. Mc tiu.
- H thng ton b kin thc v t gic.nh ngha, tnh cht, du hiu nhn
bit cc hnh: hnh thang, hnh thang cn, hnh bnh hnh, hnh ch nht,
hnh thoi, hnh vu ng, cc tnh cht ca -ng trung bnh ca tam gic, ca
hnh thang.
- Rn k nng chng minh cc hnh c bit: hnh thang cn, hnh bnh hnh,
hnh tho, hnh ch nht, hnh vu ng.
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45
- Bit tm iu kin t gic l cc hnh c bit.
B. Chun b:
GV: H thng bi tp.
HS: h thng kin thc t u nm.
C.. Tin trnh.
1. n nh lp.
2. Kim tra bi c.
- Yu cu HS nhc li :
nh ngha, tnh cht, du hiu nhn bit cc hnh: hnh thang, hnh thang
cn, hnh bnh hnh, hnh ch nht, hnh thoi, hnh vu ng, cc tnh cht ca
-ng trung bnh ca tam gic, ca hnh thang.
3. Bi mi.
Bi 1:
Cho tam gic ABC vu ng ti A, -ng
trung tuyn Am. Gi D l trung im
ca AB, E l im i xng vi M qua
D.
a/ Chng minh rng im E i xng
vi im M qua AB.
b/ Cc t gic AEMC, AEBM l hnh
g? V sao?
c/ Cho AB = 6cm, AC = 8cm. Tnh
chu vi t gic AEBM.
d/ Tm iu kin t gic AEBM l
hnh vu ng.
- Yu cu HS ln bng ghi gi thit,
kt lun, v hnh.
*HS ln bng.
GV gi HS chng minh bi ton.
? chng minh E i xng vi M qua
AB ta cn chng minh iu g?
*HS; AB l trung trc ca EM.
? Ta c nhn iu kin g?
*HS: DE = DM, cn chng minh
EM 1AB.
? T gic AEBM , AEMC l hnh g?
*HS:AEBM l hnh thoi, AEMC l
hnh bnh hnh.
? Cn c vo u?
*HS: du hiu nhn bit hnh bnh
hnh, du hiu nhn bit hnh thoi.
? tnh chu vi AEBM ta cn bit
yu t no?
*HS: Tnh BM.
? Tnh BM ta da vo u?
*HS: tnh BC trong tam gic vu ng
Bi 1:

E
D
M
C
B
A

a/ Xt tam gic ABC c MD l -ng
trung bnh nn DM // AC.
M AC 1AB nn DM1AB
Hay EM 1AB.
Mt khc ta c DE = DM
Vy AB l trung trc ca EM.
Do E i xng vi M qua AB.
b/ Xt t gic AEMC ta c:
EM // AC,
EM = 2.DM
AC = 2.DM
Vy t gic AEMC l hnh bnh hnh(
t gic c mt cp cnh i song song
v bng nhau).
Xt t gic AEMC ta c:
AB 1EM,
DB = DA
DE = DM
Do t gic AEMC l hnh thoi(t
gic c hai -ng cho ct nhau ti
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46
ABC.
? AEBM l hnh vu ng ta cn
iu kin g?
*HS: hnh thoi AEBM c mt gc
vu ng.
? Trong bi tp ny ta cn gc no?
*HS: gc BMA.
? Khi tam gic ABC cn iu kin
g?
*HS: tam gic ABC cn ti A.

trung im ca mi -ng, hai -ng
cho vu ng gc vi nhau).
c/ Trong tam gic vu ng ABC,
c AB = 6cm, AC = 8cm.
p dng nh l pitago ta c BC =
10cm
Khi BM = 5cm
Vy chu vi t gic AEBM l:
5.4 = 20cm
d/ Ta c t gic AEBM l hnh thoi,
t gic AEBM l hnh vu ng th
BMA = 90
0

M MA l trung tuyn ca tam gic
ABC
Vy tam gic ABC l tam gic cn ti A.
4. Cng c:
- Yu cu HS nhc li cc du hiu nhn bit cc hnh: hnh thang, hnh bnh
hnh, hnh thoi, hnh ch nht, hnh vu ng.
- n tp li cc dng bi trong ch-ng chun b thi hc k 1.
BTVN:
Cho hnh thang cn ABCD (AB//CD),E l trung im ca AB.
a) Chng minh ( EDC cn
b) Gi I,K,M theo th t l trung im ca BC,CD,DA. T gic EIKM l hnh g?
V sao?
K duyt 12/9/2011
Ph hiu trng

Bui 19: Bi tp ph-ng trnh bc nht mt n

A. Mc tiu:
- HS -c cng c v nh ngha ph-ng trnh bc nht.
- Rn k nng xt mt s c l nghim ca ph-ng trnh hay kh ng.
- Rn k nng nhn dng v gii ph-ng trnh bc nht mt n.
B. Chun b:
- GV: h thng bi tp.
- HS: kin thc v ph-ng trnh bc nht.
C. Tin trnh
1. n nh lp.
2. Kim tra bi c:
?nh ngha ph-ng trnh bc nht, nu cch gii ph-ng trnh bc nht.
*HS:
3. Bi mi.
GV cho HS lm bi tp.
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47
Dng 1: Nhn dng ph-ng trnh bc
nht mt n.
Bi 1: Hy ch ra cc ph-ng trnh
bc nht trong cc ph-ng trnh sau:
a/ 2 + x = 0
b/ 3x
2
- 3x + 1 = 0
c/ 1 - 12u = 0
d/ -3 = 0
e/ 4y = 12
? Th no l ph-ng trnh bc nht
?
*HS: Ph-ng trnh bc nht c dng
a.x + b = 0, a = 0.
HS ln bng lm bi, HS d-i lp lm
bi vo v.
Dng 2: Gii ph-ng trnh bc nht.
Bi 1: Gii cc ph-ng trnh sau:
a/ 7x - 8 = 4x + 7
b/ 2x + 5 = 20 - 3x
c/ 5y + 12 = 8y + 27
d/ 13 - 2y = y - 2
e/ 3 + 2,25x + 2,6 = 2x + 5 + 0,4x
f/ 5x + 3,48 - 2,35x = 5,38 - 2,9x +
10,42
? Nu ph-ng php gii ph-ng trnh
bc nht?
*HS: S dng quy tc chuyn v v
quy tc nhn.
Yu cu HS nhc li hai quy tc.
*HS tr li.
*HS ln bng.

Dng 1: Nhn dng ph-ng trnh bc
nht mt n.
Bi 1: Hy ch ra cc ph-ng trnh
bc nht trong cc ph-ng trnh sau:
Cc ph-ng trnh bc nht l :
a/ 2 + x = 0
c/ 1 - 12u = 0
e/ 4y = 12

Dng 2: Gii ph-ng trnh bc nht.
a/ 7x - 8 = 4x + 7
7x - 4x = 7 + 8
3x = 15
x = 5.
Vy S = { 5 }.
b/ 2x + 5 = 20 - 3x
2x + 3x = 20 - 5
5x = 15
x = 3
Vy S = { 3 }.
c/ 5y + 12 = 8y + 27
5y - 8y = 27 - 12
-3y = 15
y = - 5
Vy S = { -5 }.
d/ 13 - 2y = y - 2
-2y - y = -2 - 13
-3y = -15
y = 5.
Vy S = { 5 }.
e/ 3 + 2,25x + 2,6 = 2x + 5 + 0,4x
2,25x - 2x - 0,4x = 5 - 3 - 2,6
-0,15x = -0,6
x = 4
Vy S = { 4 }.
f/ 5x + 3,48 - 2,35x = 5,38 - 2,9x +
10,42
5x - 2,35x + 2,9x = 5,38 - 3,48
+10,42
5,55x = 12,32
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48

Bi 3: Chng minh rng cc ph-ng
trnh sau v nghim.
a/ 2(x + 1) = 3 + 2x
b/ 2(1 - 1,5x) = -3x
c/ | x | = -1.
? chng minh ph-ng trnh v
nghim ta lm th no?
*HS; bin i biu thc sau dn
n s v l.

trnh sau v s nghim.
a/ 5(x + 2) = 2(x + 7) + 3x - 4
b/(x + 2)
2
= x
2
+ 2x + 2(x + 2)
? chng minh ph-ng trnh v s
nghim ta lm th no?
*HS; bin i biu thc sau dn
n iu lu n ng.

Bi 5: Xc nh m ph-ng trnh
sau nhn x = -3 lm nghim:
3x + m = x - 1
? bit x l nghim ca ph-ng
trnh hay kh ng ta lm th no?
*HS: gi tr ca x tho mn ph-ng
trnh.

x = 1232/555.
Vy S = { 1232/555}.

trnh sau v nghim.
a/ 2(x + 1) = 3 + 2x
2x + 2 = 3 + 2x
3 = 2 ( V l)
Vy ph-ng trnh v nghim.
b/ 2(1 - 1,5x) = -3x
2 - 3x = -3x
2 = 0 ( V l)
Vy ph-ng trnh v nghim.
c/ | x | = -1.
V | x | > 0 vi mi x m -1 < 0 nn
ph-ng trnh v nghim.

trnh sau v s nghim.
a/ 5(x + 2) = 2(x + 7) + 3x - 4
5x + 10 = 2x + 14 + 3x - 4
5x + 10 = 5x + 10
Biu thc lu n ng.
Vy ph-ng trnh v s nghim.
b/(x + 2)
2
= x
2
+ 2x + 2(x + 2)
(x + 2)
2
= x
2
+ 2x + 2x + 4
(x + 2)
2
=(x + 2)
2

Biu thc lu n ng.
Vy ph-ng trnh v s nghim.

Bi 5:
Thay x = -3 vo ph-ng trnh ta -c:
3.(-3) + m = -3 - 1
-9 + m = -4
m = 5
Vy vi m = 5 th x = -3 lm nghim:
3x + m = x - 1
4. Cng c:
GV yu cu HS nhc li cch tm nghim ca ph-ng trnh bc nht.
BTVN:
a/ 4x - 1 = 3x - 2
b/ 3x + 7 = 8x - 12
c/ 7y + 6 - 3y = 10 + 5x - 4
Bi 2: Tm m ph-ng trnh sau nhn x = 4 lm nghim:
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49
4x + 3m = -x + 1
Bi 3: Gii ph-ng trnh sau vi a l hng s:
a(ax + 1) = x(a + 2) + 2

K duyt 12/9/2011
Ph hiu trng

********************************************

Bui 20: din tch hnh thang-.HNHthoi

A. Mc tiu:
- Cng c li kin thc v din tch ca a gic, tam gic.
- Rn k nng vn dng tnh cht din tch ca a gic tnh din tch ca
cc hnh cn li.
- HS bit tnh din tch cc hnh c bn, bit tm din tch ln nht ca mt
hnh.
B. Chun b:
- GV: H thng bi tp.
- HS: c ng thc tnh din tch hnh thang..
C.Tin trnh:
1. n nh lp.
2. Kim tra bi c.
? Nu cc c ng thc tnh din tch hnh thang.
*HS: )
1
.
2
S a b h ! +
3. Bi mi.
Bi 1:
Chio hnh thang ABCD(AB//CD) c
AB = 6cm, chiu cao bng 9.-ng
thng i qua B v song song vi AD
ct CD ti E chia hnh thang thnh
hnh bnh hnh ABED v tam gic
BEC c din tch bng nhau. Tnh
din tch hnh thang.
GV h-ng dn HS lm bi.
? tnh din tch hnh thang ta c
c ng thc no?
Bi 1:

E
D
C
B
A

Ta c:
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50
*HS: )
1
.
2
S a b h ! +

Bi 2:
Tnh din tch hnh thang ABCD
bit
A = D =90
0
, C = 45
0
, AB = 1cm,
CD = 3cm.
GV yu cu HS ln bng v hnh, HS
d-i lp v hnh vo v.
? tnh din tch hnh thang ta
lm th no?
*HS: K -ng cao BH .
? Tnh din tch hnh thang th ng
qua din tch ca hnh no?
*HS: Th ng qua cc tam gic vu ng v
hnh ch nht.

T-ng t bi 2 GV yu cu HS lm
bi3.
Bi 3:
Tnh din tch hnh thang ABCD
bit
A = D = 90
0
, AB = 3cm, BC = 5cm,
Bi 4:
Hnh thoi ABCD c AC = 10cm,
AB = 13cm. Tnh din tch hnh thoi.
? Tnh din tch hnh thoi ta lm th
no?
*HS:
1 2
1
.
2
S d d !
? Bi ton cho nhng iu kin
g? Thiu iu kin g?
*HS: bit mt -ng cho v mt
cnh, cn tnh di mt -ng
cho na. GV gi HS ni hai -ng
cho v vn
2
2
2
6.9 54
54
54 54 108
ABED
BEC ABED
ABCD
S cm
S S cm
S cm
! !
! !
! + !

Bi 2:
D
H
C
B
A

K BH vu ng gc vi DC ta c:
DH = 1cm, HC = 2cm.
Tam gic BHC vu ng ti H, C = 45
0
nn
BH = HC = 2cm.
)
)
2
1
1 3 .2
2 2
4
ABCD
AB CD BH
S
cm
+
! ! +
!

Bi 3:

D
H
C
B
A

K BH vu ng gc vi CD ta c:
DH = HC = 3cm. Ta tnh -c BH =
4cm
)
)
2
1
3 6 .4
2 2
18
ABCD
AB CD BH
S
cm
+
! ! +
!

Bi 4:

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51
dng tnh cht -ng cho ca hnh
thoi.
HS ln bng lm bi.

Bi 5:
Tnh din tch thoi c cnh bng
17cm, tng hai -ng cho bng
46cm.
? Bi ton cho d kin g?
*HS: tng di hai -ng cho v
cnh hnh thoi, ta cn bit di
-ng cho.
?Mun tnh -ng cho ta phi lm
g?
*HS: K -ng thng ph hoc im
ph.
GV gi HS t OA = x, OB = y v
da vo tnh cht -ng cho ca
hnh thoi.
CD = 6cm.
O
C
B
A
D

Gi giao im ca AC v BD l O.
Ta c:
AO = 5cm.
Xt tam gic vu ng AOB c AO = 5cm
AB = 13cm.
p dng nh l pitago ta c OB =
12cm
Do BD = 24cm.
2
1
.24.10 120
2
ABCD
S cm ! !
Bi 5:
O
D
C
B
A

Gi giao im ca hai -ng cho l
O .
t OA = x, OB = y ta c x + y = 23 v
x
2
+ y
2
= 17
2
= 289.
. 2 .2
2
2 2
ABCD
AC DB x y
S xy ! ! !
T x+ y = 23
Ta c (x + y)
2
= 529
Suy ra x
2
+ 2xy + y
2
= 529
2xy + 289 = 529
2xy = 240
Vy din tch l 240cm
2

4. Cng c.
- Yu cu HS nhc li cc cch tnh din tch hnh thang.
BTVN:
Cho hnh thang cn ABCD, AB // CD, AB < CD. K -ng cao AH. Bit AH =
8cm,
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52
HC = 12cm. Tnh din tch hnh thang ABCD.

K duyt 12/9/2011
Ph hiu trng

*******************************************
Bui 21: ph-ng trnh tch

A. Mc tiu:
- Rn k nng xt mt s c l nghim ca ph-ng trnh hay kh ng.
- Rn k nng nhn dng v gii ph-ng trnh tch.
- Rn k nng -a cc ph-ng trnh dng khc v ph-ng trnh tch.
B. Chun b:
- GV: h thng bi tp.
- HS: kin thc v ph-ng trnh bc nht, ph-ng trnh -a v dng ph-ng
trnh tch.
C. Tin trnh
1. n nh lp.
2. Kim tra bi c:
Kh ng.
3. Bi mi.
GV cho HS lm bi tp.
Dng 1: Gii ph-ng trnh.
a/ x
2
2x + 1 = 0
b/1+3x+3x
2
+x
3
= 0
c/ x + x
4
= 0
3 2 2
) 3 3 1 2( ) 0 d x x x x x + + !
2
2
) 12 0
)6 11 10 0
e x x
f x x
+ !
!

? gii ph-ng trnh tch ta lm
th no?
*HS: Phn tch a thc thnh nhn
t.
? Khi ta c nhng tr-ng hp no
xy ra?
*HS: Tng nhn t bng 0.

a/ x
2
2x + 1= 0
(x - 1)
2
= 0
x - 1 = 0
x = 1
b/1+3x+3x
2
+x
3
= 0
(1 + x)
3
= 0
1 + x = 0
x = -1
c/ x + x
4
= 0
x(1 + x
3
) = 0
x(1 + x)(1 - x + x
2
) = 0
x = 0 hoc x + 1 = 0
x = 0 hoc x = -1.
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53

Bi 2: Chng minh cc ph-ng trnh
sau v nghim.
a/ x
4
- x
3
+ 2x
2
- x + 1 = 0
b/ x
4
- 2x
3
+ 4x
2
- 3x + 2 = 0
? chng minh ph-ng trnh v
nghim ta lm th no?
*HS: bin i ph-ng trnh ri dn
n s v l.
GV gi HS lm phn a.
? Ta c th trc tip chng minh cc
ph-ng trnh v nghim hay kh ng?
*HS: Ta phi phn tch a thc v
tri thnh nhn t.
v.

Bi 3: Gii ph-ng trnh:
5 4 3 100 101 102
/
100 101 102 5 4 3
29 27 25 23 21
/ 5
21 23 25 27 29
x x x x x
a
x x x x x
b

+ + ! + +

+ + + + !

? gii ph-ng trnh ta lm th
no?
*HS: bin i bng thn bt hai v
ca ph-ng trnh .
? Nhn xt g v cc v ca hai
ph-ng trnh?
*HS: Tng bng 105
GV gi thm bt cng mt s.

) )
) )
) )
3 2 2
3
2
2
) 3 3 1 2( ) 0
1 2 1 0
1 2 1 2 0
1 1 0
d x x x x x
x x x
x x x x
x x
+ + !
!
+ + !
+ !

x - 1 = 0
x = 1

) )
) )
2
2
) 12 0
4 3 12 0
4 3 0
e x x
x x x
x x
+ !
+ + !
+ !

x + 4 = 0 hoc x - 3 = 0
x = -4 hoc x = 3
2
2
)6 11 10 0
6 15 4 10 0
(2 5)(3 2) 0
f x x
x x x
x x
!
+ !
+ !

2x - 5 = 0 hoc 3x + 2 = 0
x = 5/2 hoc x = -2/3
Bi 2: Chng minh cc ph-ng trnh sau v
nghim.
a/ x
4
- x
3
+ 2x
2
- x + 1 = 0
(x
2
+ 1)
2
- x(x
2
+ 1) = 0
(x
2
+ 1)(x
2
- x + 1)
Ta c x
2
+ 1 > 0 v x
2
- x + 1
Vy Ph-ng trnh v nghim.
b/ x
4
- 2x
3
+ 4x
2
- 3x + 2 = 0
(x
2
- x + 1)(x
2
- x + 2) = 0
Ta c: x
2
- x + 1 > 0 v x
2
- x + 2 > 0
Do ph-ng trnh v nghim.
Bi 3: Gii ph-ng trnh:
)
5 4 3 100 101 102
/
100 101 102 5 4 3
105 105 105 105 105 105
100 101 102 5 4 3
1 1 1 1 1 1
105 0
100 101 102 5 4 3
105 0
105
x x x x x
a
x x x x x x
x
x
x

+ + ! + +

+ + ! + +

+ + !

!
!

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54
)
29 27 25 23 21
/ 5
21 23 25 27 29
29 27 25 23 21
1 1 1 1 0
21 23 25 27 29
50 50 50 50 50 50
0
21 23 25 27 27 29
1 1 1 1 1
50 0
21 23 25 27 29
50 0
50
x x x x x
b
x x x x x
x x x x x x
x
x
x

+ + + + !

+ + + + + + + + !

+ + + + + !

+ + + + !

!
!

4. Cng c:
GV yu cu HS nhc li cch tm nghim ca ph-ng trnh tch.
BTVN:
Gii cc ph-ng trnh:
a/(3x - 1)
2
(x+3)
2

b/ x
3
x/49

c. x
2
-7x+12
d. 4x
2
-3x-1
e. x
3
-2x -4
f. x
3
+8x
2
+17x +10
g. x
3
+3x
2
+6x +4
h. x
3
-11x
2
+30x.

K duyt 12/9/2011
Ph hiu trng

****************************************
Bui 22: nh l talet trong tam gic.
A. Mc tiu:
- HS -c cng c cc khi nim v on thng t l, nh l talt trong tam
gic.
- HS bit s dng nh l talt chng minh v t s ca hai on thng v
on thng t l,bit s dng nh l talt tnh di on thng, chng
minh cc h thc.
B. Chun b:
- GV: H thng bi tp.
- HS: nh l talt trong tam gic.
C. Tin trnh.
1. n nh lp.
2. Kim tra bi c.
? Trnh by nh l talt trong tam gic:
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55
*HS: Nu mt -ng thng song song vi mt cnh ca tam gic v ct hai cnh
cn li th n nh ra trn hai cnh nhng on thng t-ng ng t l.
3. Bi mi.
GV cho HS lm bi tp.
Dng 1: S dng nh l talt
tnh di on thng.
Bi 1:
Cho hnh thang ABCD ( AB // CD).
Mt -ng thng song song vi hai
y ct cnh bn AD, BC theo th t
E, F. Tnh FC bit AE = 4cm, ED =
2cm, BF = 6cm.
- Yu cu HS ln bng v hnh, ghi gi
thit, kt lun.
*HS ln bng.
GV gi :
? tnh di on thng ta lm
th no?
*HS: Xt cc on thng t l da
vo nh l talt.
? Trong bi tp ta c nhng tam gic
no?
*HS: k thm ung thng ph v
im ph tnh.
? Nhn xt g v hai t s ;
BF AE
FC ED

*HS: Hai t s trn bng nhau.
? V sao?
*HS: ;
BF AK AK AE
FC KC KC ED
! !

chng minh cc h thc.
Bi 1:
Cho hnh thang ABCD ( AB // CD).
Mt -ng thng song song vi hai
y ct cnh bn AD, BC theo th t
E, F.
Chng minh rng:
1
AE CF
AD BC
+ !
kt lun.
*HS: ln bng.
tnh di on thng.
Bi 1:

x
6
2
4
K
F
E
D
C
B A

Gi giao im ca AC v EF l K.
Trong tam gic ACD ta c:
EK // DC v EK ct AC ti K, ct AD
ti E.
Theo nh l talt ta c:
AK AE
KC ED
!
T-ng t trong tam gic ABC ta c:
KF // AB, KF ct cnh AC ti K, ct
cnh BC ti F.
BF AK
FC KC
!
Vy ta c :
BF AE
FC ED
!
Thay s ta tnh -c: FC = 6 . 2 : 4 =
3cm.
chng minh cc h thc.
Bi 1:
K
F
E
D
C
B A

Gi giao im ca AC v EF l K.
Trong tam gic ACD ta c:
EK // DC v EK ct AC ti K, ct AD
ti E.
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56
GV gi :
? Cc t s ;
AE CF
AD BC
bng nhnh t s
no?
*HS: ;
AE AK CF CK
AD AC BC AC
! !

Bi 2:
Cho hnh bnh hnh ABCD. Mt
-ng thng i qua D ct cnh AC,
AB, CB theo th t M, N. K. Chng
minh rng:
a/ DM
2
= MN.MK
b/ 1
DM DM
DN DK
+ !
kt lun, v hnh.
GV gi :
S dng h qu ca nh l talt
lm bi.
- Xt cc t s bng nhau sau s
dng tnh cht ca t l thc.
HS ln bng lm bi.

AE AK
AD AC
! (1)
T-ng t trong tam gic ABC ta c:
KF // AB, KF ct cnh AC ti K, ct
cnh BC ti F.
CF CK
BC AC
! (2)
T (1), (2) ta c:
1
AE CF AK CK
AD BC AC AC
+ ! + !

Bi 2:
K
N
M
D
C
B
A

a/ Ta c AD // BC nn
DM MA
MK MC
!
AB // CD nn
NM MA
DM MC
!
Suy ra
DM MN
MK MD
! hay DM
2
= MN.MK
b/ Theo phn a ta c
DM MN
MK MD
! nn
DM MN
DM MK MN DM
DM MN
DK DN
!
+ +
!

Do : 1
DM DM DM MN
DN DK DN DN
+ ! + !
BTVN:
Bi 1: Cho tam gic ABC, im D thuc cnh BC. Qua D k cc -ng thng song
song vi AC, AB, chng ct cnh AB, AC theo th t E, F. Chng minh h thc.
1
AE AF
AB AC
+ !
Bi 2: Cho hnh thang ABCD ( AB // CD) hai -ng cho ct nhau ti O. Chng
minh rng OA. OD = OB. OC.
.
K duyt 12/9/2011
Ph hiu trng

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57

Bui 23: ph-ng trnh cha n mu

A. Mc tiu:
- Cng c cc b-c gii ph-ng trnh cha n mu.
- Rn k nng gii ph-ng trnh cha n mu.
B. Chun b:
- GV: h thng bi tp.
- HS: kin thc v ph-ng trnh cha n mu.
C. Tin trnh
1. n nh lp.
2. Kim tra bi c:
?Trnh by cc b-c gii ph-ng trnh cha n mu?
*HS:
- Tm tp xc nh
- Quy ng kh mu
- Gii ph-ng trnh
- Kt lun
3. Bi mi.

2
4 8
/ 0
2 1
x
a
x
!
+

2
6
/ 0
3
x x
b
x

!

5 1 2 3
/
3 6 2 2 4
x x
c
x x
+
!

2
12 1 3 1 3
/
1 9 1 3 1 3
x x
d
x x x
+
!
+

2
5 1 8
/
1 3 4 3
x x
e
x x x x
+ +
!
+

2
1 5 12
/ 1
2 2 4
x
f
x x x
+
! +
+

GV gi :
? gii ph-ng trnh cha n mu
ta phi lm g?
*HS: Tm KX, quy ng kh mu v
gii ph-ng trnh.
? tm KX ca biu thc ta phi
lm g?
*HS: Tm iu kin mu thc khc
kh ng.
_ a
2
4 8
/ 0
2 1
:
4 8 0
2
2
x
a
x
DKXD R
x
x
S
!
+
!
!
!

_ a
2
2
2
2
6
/ 0
3
: 3
6 0
3 2 6 0
( 3 ) (2 6) 0
( 3) 2( 3) 0
( 2)( 3) 0
2; 3
2
x x
b
x
DKXD x
x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x
x x
S

!
=
!
+ !
+ !
+ !
+ !
! !

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58
*HS ln bng lm bi, HS d-i lp lm bi
vo v.

GV yu cu HS lm bi tp 2.

Bi 2: Cho ph-ng trnh n x:
2
2 2
3
0
x a x a a a
x a x a x a
+ +
+ !
+

a/ Gii ph-ng trnh vi a = -3.
b/ Gii ph-ng trnh vi a = 1
c/ Xc nh a ph-ng trnh c
nghim
x = 0,5.
- Yu cu HS nhc li cc b-c gii
5 1 2 3
/
3 6 2 2 4
: 2
5 1 2 3
3( 2) 2 2( 2)
2( 5) 3( 2) 3(2 3)
2 10 3 6 6 9
2 3 6 9 10 6
7 25
25
7
25
7
x x
c
x x
DKXD x
x x
x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x
x
S
+
!

=
+
!

+ !
+ + !
!
!
!

!

) )
_ a
2
2 2
2 2
12 1 3 1 3
/
1 9 1 3 1 3
1
:
3
12 1 3 1 3
12 1 6 9 1 6 9
12 12
1
1
x x
d
x x x
DKXD x
x x
x x x x
x
x
S
+
!
+
=
! +
! +
!
!
!

2
2 2
5 1 8
/
1 3 4 3
: 1, 3
( 5)( 3) ( 1)( 1) 8
3 5 15 1 8
2 6
3
x x
e
x x x x
DKXD x x
x x x x
x x x x
x
x
S
+ +
!
+
= =
+ ! +
+ !
!
!
!

2
2
2 2
1 5 12
/ 1
2 2 4
: 2
( 1)( 2) 5( 2) 12 4
3 2 5 10 8
2 4
2
x
f
x x x
DKXD x
x x x x
x x x x
x
x
S
+
! +
+
=
+ + ! +
+ + + ! +
!
!
!

Bi 2: Cho ph-ng trnh n x:
2
2 2
3
0
x a x a a a
x a x a x a
+ +
+ !
+

a/ Vi a = -3 ph-ng trnh c dng:
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59
ph-ng trnh cha n mu.
*HS:
GV gi HS ln bng thay gi tr ca a
vo ph-ng trnh sau gii ph-ng
trnh ging ph-ng trnh bi 1.
*HS ln bng lm bi.

GV gi phn c:
? tm a ta lm th no?
*HS: thay x vo biu thc sau tm
a.
Dng 2: Tm iu kin c nghim ca
ph-ng trnh.
sau c nghim duy nht.
2 1
1
x x
x m x
+ +
!

GV gi :
? ph-ng trnh c nghim duy nht
ta cn nhng iu kin g?
*HS: Mu thc khc kh ng, ph-ng
trnh 1 c nghim. Hoc c 2 nghim,
1 nghim kh ng tho mn.

) )
_ a
2
2 2
3 3 24
0
3 3 9
: 3
3 3 24 0
12 24
2
2
x x
x x x
DKXD x
x x
x
x
S
+
+ !
+
=
+ + !
!
!
!

b/ Vi a = 1 ph-ng trnh c dng:
2
1 1 4
0
1 1 1
x x
x x x
+
+ !
+

DKXD: 1 x =
) )
2
2 2
1 1 4
0
1 1 1
1 1 4 0
4 4 0
1
x x
x x x
x x
x
x
S
+
+ !
+
+ + !
+ !
!
!

c/ Thay x = 0,5 vo biu thc ta c:
)
2
2 2
2
2 2
2
0, 5 0, 5 3
0
0, 5 0, 5 0, 5
: 0, 5
(0, 5 ) 0, 5 3 0
3 0
(3 1) 0
1
0;
3
a a a a
a a a
DKXD x
a a a a
a a
a a
a a
+ +
+ !
+
=
+ + + !
!
!
! !

Vy vi a = 0 v a = 1/3 th ph-ng
trnh c nghim l x = 0,5.

Dng 2: Tm iu kin c nghim ca
ph-ng trnh.
sau c nghim duy nht.
2 1
1
: ; 1
2 1
1
2
x x
x m x
DKXD x m x
x x
x m x
xm m
+ +
!

= =
+ +
!

! +

Ph-ong trnh c nghim duy nht khi
v ch khi:
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60
0
0
2
0 1
2
2
1
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
=
=

= =

=

4. Cng c:
GV yu cu HS nhc li cc b-c gii ph-ng trnh cha n mu.
BTVN:
Bi 1:Gii cc ph-ng trnh sau:
)
2
2
2
2 2 4 2
96 2 1 3 1
/ 5
16 4 4
3 2 6 9
/
3 2 2 3 9 4
1 1 3
/
1 1 1
x x
a
x x x
x x
b
x x x
x x
c
x x x x x x x

+ !
+
+
!
+
+
!
+ + + + +

Bi 2: Xc nh m ph-ng trnh sau v nghim.
K duyt 12/9/2011
Ph hiu trng

*******************************
Bui 24: tnh cht -ng phn gic ca tam gic
A.Mc tiu.
- Cng c nh l v cht -ng phn gic ca tam gic.
- Rn k nng vn dng nh l tnh cht -ng phn gic ca tam gic
tnh di on thng.
B. Chun b.
- GV: h thng bi tp.
- HS: kin thc v tnh cht -ng phn gic ca tam gic.
C. Tin trnh.
1. n nh lp.
2. Kim tra bi c.
? Trnh by nh l tnh cht -ng phn gic ca tam gic:
*HS:
3. Bi mi.
GV cho HS lm bi tp.
Bi 1.
Tam gic ABC vu ng ti A, -ng phn
gic BD. Tnh AB, AC bit rng AD =
4cm
DC = 5cm.

Bi 1.
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61
Yu cu HS ln bng ghi gi thit, kt
lun, v hnh.
GV gi :
? tnh AB, AC ta lm th no?
*HS: da vo tnh cht -ng phn
gic ca tam gic.
? Tam gic ABC c iu g c
bit?
*HS: tam gic ABC vu ng ti A.
? Vy ta c thm d kin g v hai
cnh AB, AC?
*HS: ta c AC
2
+ AB
2
= BC
2
.

Bi 2.
Tam gic ABC c AB = 30cm, AC =
45cm
BC = 50cm, -ng phn gic BD.
a/ Tnh di BD, BC.
b/ Qua D v DE // AB, DF // AC, E v F
thuc AC v AB. Tnh cc cnh ca t
gic AEDF.
lun, v hnh.
GV gi :
? tnh di BD v BC ta lm th
no?
*HS: d vo tnh cht -ng phn
gic ca tam gic v tnh cht dy cc
t s bng nhau.
? Nhn xt g v t gic AEDF?
*HS: l hnh thoi.
Bi 3.
Cho tam gic ABC c BC = 24cm,
AB = 2AC. Tia phn gic ca gc
ngoi ti A ct -ng thng BC E.
Tnh di EB.
y
x
5
4
D
C
B
A

t AB = x, BC = y ta c:
4
5
x
y
!

V y
2
- x
2
= AC
2
= 81
Do :
2 2 2 2
4 5
81
9
16 25 25 16 9
x y
x y y x
!
! ! ! !

3
4 5
4.3 12
5.3 15
x y
x
y
! !
! !
! !

x = 12 v y = 15.
Vy AB = 12cm, BC = 15cm.
Bi 2.

F
E
D C
B
A

a/ V AD l -ng phn gic trong tam
gic ABC nn ta c:
30 2
45 3
2 3
DB AB
DC AC
DB DC
! ! !
!

M DB + DC = 50
p dng tnh cht ca dy cc t s
bng nhau ta c:
50
10
2 3 2 3 5
20
30
DB DC DB DC
DB cm
DC cm
+
! ! ! !
+
!
!

b/ Ta c AEDF l hnh thoi
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62
lun, v hnh.
GV gi :
? Tnh cht -ng phn gic ca tam
gic c cn ng vi tr-ng hp gc
ngoi ca tam gic hay kh ng?
*HS: lu n ng.
? Vy tnh EB ta lm th no?
*HS: Xt cc t s da vo tnh cht
-ng phn gic.

Bi 4.
Tam gic ABC c AB = AC = 3cm,
BC = 2cm, -ng phn gic BD. -ng
vu ng gc vi BD ct AC ti E. Tnh
di CE.
lun, v hnh.
GV gi :
? Nhn xt g v BE?
*HS: BE l phn gic ngoi ti B v BE
vu ng gc vi BD.
? Vn dng tnh cht -ng phn
gic tnh EC.
* HS ln bng lm bi.
v
30
30 50
18
DE DC DE
AB BC
DE cm
! !
!

Vy cnh ca hnh thoi l 18cm.

Bi 3.

24
E
C
B
A

V AE l -ng phn gic gc ngoi
ca gc A trong tam gic ABC nn ta
c:
1
2
1 2
EB AB
EC AC
EB EC
! !
!

M EC - EB = 24cm
p dng tnh cht ca dy cc t s
bng nhau ta c:
24
1 2 2 1 1
24
EB EC EC EB
EB cm
! ! !
!

Bi 4.
E
D
C
B
A

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63
Ta c BE l tia phn gic ngoi ti B
ca tam gic ABC nn
2
3
EB BC
EC BA
! !
t EC = x, ta c:

2
3 3
6
x
x
x
!
+
!

Vy EC = 6cm.
4. Cng c.
- Yu cu HS nhc li nh l tnh cht -ng phn gic ca tam gic.
BTVN:
Cho tam gic cn ABC c AB =AC = 10cm, BC = 12cm. Gi I l giao im cc
-ng phn gic ca tam gic. Tnh di BI.

K duyt 12/9/2011
Ph hiu trng

*************************************
Bui 25: n tp

A. Mc tiu:
- Cng c cc bc gii bi ton bng cch lp phng trnh.
- Rn k nng gii bi ton bng cch lp phng trnh theo cc bc.
- HS nhn dng c mt s dng ton gii bi ton c bn.
B. Chun b
- GV: h thng bi tp.
- HS: kin thc v phng trnh v gii bi ton bng cch lp phng trnh.
C. Tin trnh.
1. n nh lp
2. Kim tra bi c
- Yu cu HS nhc li cc bc gii bi ton bng cch lp phng trnh.
? Nu cc dng gii bi ton bng cch lp phng trnh v nu phng php gii.
3. Bi mi.

GV cho HS lm bi tp
Dng 3:Ton cng vic
- GV cho HS ghi phng php gii
- HS ghi bi vo v
Bi 1:
Nm ngoi, hai n v sn xut nng
nghip thu hoch c 720 tn thc.
Dng 3: Ton cng vic
* Phng php
* Nng sut * thi gian = Tng sn phm
* a% =
100
a

Bi 1:
Gi s tn thc nm ngoi n v 1 sn
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64
Nm nay, n v th nht lm vt mc
15%, n v th hai lm vt mc 12%
so vi nm ngoi. Do c hai n v
thu hoch c 819 tn thc.
GV gi
? Bi ton c my i tng ? my i
lng ? mi i lng c my trng thi.
HS: Bi ton gm hai i tng: 3 i
lng v hai trng thi

xut l x ( 0 < x < 720)
S tn tc nm ngoi ca n v 2 sn
xut l 720 - x (tn)
- V nm nay n v 1 lm vt mc 15%
nn s tn thc nm nay ca n v 1 l
x
100
115
tn
- V nm nay n v 2 lm vt mc 12%
nn s tn thc nm nay ca n v 2 l
100
112
(720 - x) m nm nay c hai n v
thu hoch c 819 tn
- GV hng dn HS lp bng phn tch
n v 1 n v 2
Nm ngoi

x 720 - x
Nm nay
x
100
115

100
) 720 ( 112 x

Phng trnh
x
100
115
+
100
) 720 ( 112 x
= 819
- GV yu cu HS ln bng lm bi
HS di lp lm bi vo v

GV cho HS lm bi tp
Dng 4: Ton lm chung cng vic
GV gii thiu phng php gii
HS ghi bi

GV yu cu HS lm bi
Nn ta c phng trnh
819 ) 720 (
100
112
100
115
! + x
x

115x + 80640 - 112x = 81900
3 x = 1260
x = 420 (TMK)
Vy s tn thc ca n v 1 nm ngoi l
420 tn
S tn thc ca n v 2 nm ngoi l:
720 - 420 = 300 tn

Dng 4: Ton lm chung cng vic
* Phng php gii
- Ton lm chung cng vic c ba i
lng tham gia: ton b cng vic, phn
vic lm trong mt n v thi gian (1
ngy, 1 gi ) v thi gian lm cng vic.
- Nu mt i no lm xong cng vic
trong x ngy th mt ngy i lm c
x
1
cng vic
Bi 1:
Hai vi nc cng chy vo 1 b th sau
4 gi 48 pht b y. Mi gi lng
nc vi I chy c bng 1,5 lng
nc chy c ca vi II. Hi mi vi
chy ring th bao lu y b.
GV yu cu HS c bi v tm tt.
HS
GV gi
? Bi ton gm my i tng ? my i
lng cc i lng c mi lin h nh
Bi 1
i 1 gi 48 pht =
5
4
4 h =
5
24
h; 1,5 =
2
3

Gi x l thi gian vi II chy mt mnh
y b (x > 0)
1 gi vi II chy c
x
1
b
V 1 gi vi I chy c bng 1,5 lng
nc vi II 1 gi vi I chy c
x
1
2
3

b.
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65
th no ?
HS: Bi ton gm 2 i tng: vi I,
vi II, gm 2 i lng
- GV yu cu HS lp bng phn tch theo
hng dn
Mt khc hai vi cng chy vo b th sau
4 gi 48' b y nn 1 gi 2 vi chy c
24
5
b
Do ta c phng trnh
24
5
2
3 1
! +
x x

24 + 36 = 5x
5x = 60
x = 12 (TMK)

Thi gian
chy y b
1 gi chy
c
x
1
.
2
3

Vi I x
x
1

Vi II
5
24

24
5

Phng trnh:
x
1
+
x
1
.
2
3
=
24
5

- GV yu cu HS ln bng trnh by bi
Bi 2:
Hai vi nc chy vo mt b th y b
trong 3 gi 20 pht. Ngi ta cho vi th
nht chy 3 gi. Vi th hai chy 2 gi
th c 2 vi chy c
5
4
b. Tnh thi
gian mi vi chy mt mnh
- GV yu cu HS c bi v tm tt
HS:
Hai vi cng chy: h
3
10

Vi 1 chy 3 gi + vi 2 chy 2 gi =
5
4
b
Tnh thi gian mi vi chy mt mnh

GV gi HS;
- Bi ton c my i tng ? my i
lng
p HS: 2 i tng, 2 i lng
? Nu gi thi gian 1 vi chy l x th 1
gi vi 1 chy c bao nhiu phn ca
b
HS:
x
1
b
V vi II chy mt mnh trong 12 gi y
b.
Trong 1 gi vi I chy c
24
5
-
1 1
12 8
! (b)
Vi I chy mt mnh trong 8 gi y b.
Bi 2:
Gi thi gian vi 1 chy y b l x (gi)
(x > 0)
1 gi vi 1 chy c
x
1
b
Hai vi nc chy 3h20' y b
1 gi vi 2 chy c
10
3
b
1 gi vi 2 chy c l
10
3
-
x
1
b
V vi 1 chy 3 gi, vi 2 chy 2 gi th
c
5
4
b nn ta c phng trnh
3.
x
1
+ 2 (
10
3
-
x
1
) =
5
4

! +
x x
2
5
3 3
5
4

15 + 3x - 10 = 4x
x = 5 (TMK)
Vy thi gian vi 1 chy y b l 5 gi
Trong 1 gi vi 2 chy c
10
1
5
1
10
3
! b
Vi 2 chy mt mnh trong 10 gi y
b
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66
? C 2 vi chy h
3
10
-
x
1
b
? Khi ta c phng trnh nh th no?
HS: 3.
x
1
= 2 (
3
10
-
x
1
) =
5
4

HS ln bng

Bi 3:
Hai i th qut sn mt ngi nh. Nu
h cng lm th 4 ngy xong vic. Nu
h lm ring th i I hon thnh cng
vic nhanh hn i II l 6 ngy. Hi nu
lm ring th mi i phi lm trong bao
nhiu ngy xong vic ?
GV yu cu HS tm tt bi v ln bng
lm bi
HS thc hin:
Tm tt:
i I = i II + 6 ngy
Hai i cng lm th 4 ngy xong
Tnh thi gian mi i lm ring
- GV cha bi
Bi 3:
Gi thi gian i I lm mt mnh l x
(ngy) (x > 0)
V i II hon thnh cng vic lu hn
i I l 6 ngy nn thi gian mt mnh i
II lm xong vic l x + 6 (ngy)
Mi ngy i I lm c
x
1
cng vic.
Mi ngy i II lm c
6
1
+ x
cng vic.
Mi ngy c hai i lm c
4
1
cng
vic.
Ta c phng trnh
x
1
+
6
1
+ x
=
4
1

x. (x+6) = 4x + 4x + 24
x
2
- 2x - 24 = 0
x
2
- 6x + 4x - 24 = 0
(x-6) (x+4) = 0
x = 6 hoc x = - 4 (loi)
Vy i I lm mt mnh mt 6 ngy
i II lm mt mnh mt 12 ngy.

- BTVN
Bi 1:
Hai ngi th cng lm mt cng vic trong 16 gi th xong. Nu ngi th nht lm 3
gi, ngwif th hai lm 6 gi th ch hon thnh c 25% cng vic. Hi nu lm ring th
m ngi mt bao lu.
Bi 2:
Nu hai vi nc cng chy vo mt b sau 1 gi 20 pht s y. Nu m vi th nht
trong 10 pht v vi th hai trong 12 pht th ch c
15
2
b. Hi nu m ring tng vi
th thi gian mi vi chy y b l bao nhiu.

Bui 26: Hai tam gic ng dng
A.Mc tiu.
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67
- Cng c nh ngha hai tam gic ng dng.
- Rn k nng vn dng nhn bit hai tam gic ng dng v vn dng hai tam
gic ng dng chng minh cc gc bng nhau v cc cp on thng t-ng
ng t l.
B. Chun b.
- GV: h thng bi tp.
- HS: kin thc v hai tam gic ng dng.
C. Tin trnh.
1. n nh lp.
2. Kim tra bi c.
? Nu nh ngha hai tam gic ng dng v nh l?
*HS:
Hai tam gic ng dng vi nhau nu chng c ba cp gc bng nhau i mt
v ba cp cnh t-ng ng t l.
3.Bi mi:
GV cho HS lm bi tp.
Bi 1.
Cho tam gic ABC ng dng vi tam
gic A'B'C' theo t s ng dng l
2/3, tam gic A'B'C' ng dng vi tam
gic A"B"C" theo t s ng dng l
3/4.
a/ V sao tam gic ABC ng dng vi
tam gic A"B"C"?
b/ Tm t s ng dng ca hai tam
gic .
GV gi HS lm bi
? Hai tam gic ABC v tam gic
A"B"C" c ng dng vi nhau hay
kh ng?V sao?
*HS ; theo tnh cht bc cu.
- Cn c vo tnh cht hai tam gic
bng nhau tm t s ng dng ca
hai tam gic .
*HS ln bng lm bi.
HS d- lp lm bi vo v.

Bi 2:
Cho tam gic vi di 12m, 16m,
18m. Tnh chu vi v cc cnh ca tam
gic ng dng vi tam gic cho, nu
cnh b nht ca tam gic ny l cnh

Bi 1.
a/
V :
' ' '
' ' ' " " "
ABC A B C
A B C A B C
( (
( (

Nn
" " " ABC A B C ( (
b/ V ' ' ' ABC A B C ( ( theo t s ng
dng l 2/3 nn ta c:
2
' ' 3
AB
A B
!
V ' ' ' " " " A B C A B C ( ( theo t s ng
dng l 3/4 nn ta c:
' ' 3
" " 4
A B
A B
!
M " " " ABC A B C ( (
Khi ta c:
' ' 2 3 1
. .
" " ' ' " " 3 4 2
AB AB A B
A B A B A B
! ! !
Vy t s ng dng ca hai tam gic
ABC v A"B"C" l 1/2.

Bi 2:
V tam gic mi c cnh nh nht bng
cnh ln nht ca tam gic ban u
nn ta c cnh nh nht ca tam gic la
18m.
Gi hai cnh cn li ca tam gic l a
v b
V hai tam gic ng dng nn ta c:
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68
ln nht ca tam gic cho.
GV gi :
? Cnh nh nht ca tam gic cn tm
l bao nhiu?
*HS: 18m.
? Gi hai cnh cn li l a, b khi ta
c -c cc t s nh- th no?
*HS:
12 16 18
18 a b
! !
? Tnh a, b , chu vi tam gic?
*HS: ln bng tnh.
12 16 18
18 a b
! !
Khi :
a = 24m
b = 27m
Chu vi ca tam gic mi l
24 + 18 + 27 = 69m.

4. Cng c.
- Yu cu HS nhc li nh ngha v tnh cht hai tam gic ng dng.
BTVN:
Cho tam gic ABC c AB = 16,2cm ; BC = 24,3cm ; AC = 32,7cm. Tnh di cc
cnh ca tam gic A'B'C' ng dng vi tam gic ABC bit cnh A'B' t-ng ng vi
cnh AB v
a/ Ln hn cnh 10,8cm.
b/ B hn cnh 5,4cm.
K duyt 12/9/2011
Ph hiu trng

*****************************
Bui 27: tr-ng hp ng dng ca tam gic
A.Mc tiu.
- Cng c cc tr-ng hp ng dng ca tam gic.
- Rn k nng vn dng nhn bit hai tam gic ng dng v vn dng hai tam
gic ng dng chng minh cc gc bng nhau v cc cp on thng t-ng
ng t l.
- Rn k nng chng minh hai tam gic ng dng.
B. Chun b.
- GV: h thng bi tp.
- HS: kin thc v cc tr-ng hp ng dng ca tam gic.
C. Tin trnh.
1. n nh lp.
2. Kim tra bi c.
? Trnh by cc tr-ng hp ng dng ca hai tam gic.
*HS:
3.Bi mi:
GV cho HS lm bi.
Bi 1:
T gic ABCD c AB = 3cm, BC =

Bi 1:
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69
10cm,
CD = 12cm, AD = 5cm, -ng cho
BD = 6cm. Chng minh rng:
a/ ABD BDC ( (
b/ ABCD l hnh thang.
gi thit, kt lun.
*HS ln bng lm bi.
GV gi HS lm bi.
? chng minh ABD BDC ( ( ta cn
chng minh iu g.
*HS: Chng minh cc cp t s bng
nhau.
? chng minh ABCD l hnh thang
ta cn chng minh iu g?
*HS: Chng minh hai cp cnh i
song song.
? chng minh hai -ng thng
song song ta chng minh iu g?
*HS: Chng minh hai gc so le trong
bng nhau.
GV yu cu HS ln bng chng minh.

Bi 2:
Cho tam gic ABC c AB = 18cm,
AC = 27cm, BC = 30cm. Gi D l trung
im ca AB, E thuc cnh AC sao
cho AE = 6cm.
a/ Chng minh rng: AED ABC ( (
b/ Tnh di DE.
gi thit, kt lun.
*HS ln bng lm bi.
GV gi HS lm bi.
hai tam gic ng dng?
*HS: tr-ng hp cnh - cnh - cnh; cnh
- gc - cnh.
? Trong bi ny ta chng minh theo
tr-ng hp no?
*HS: cnh - gc - cnh.
? tnh DE ta da vo u?
*HS: AED ABC ( ( .
Bi 3:
Hnh thang ABCD ( AB // CD) c AB =
j
12
10
6
5
3
D C
B A

a/ Xt hai tam gic ABD v BDC ta c:
3 1
6 2
5 1
10 2
6 1
12 2
1
2
AB
BD
AD
BC
BD
DC
AB BD AD
BD DC BC
! !
! !
! !
! ! !

Vy ABD BDC ( (
b/ T cu a suy ra ABD BDC . . , do
AB // CD. Vy ABCD l hnh
thang.

Bi 2:

D
18
30
27
6
E
C
B
A

a/ Xt hai tam gic AED v ABC ta c:
gc A chung
6 1
18 3
9 1
27 3
AE
AB
AD
AC
AD AD
AB AC
! !
! !
!

Hay AED ABC ( (
b/ V AED ABC ( ( nn ta c:
1
30 3
10
DE AE DE
CB AB
DE cm
! !
!

Bi 3:
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70
2cm, BD = 4cm, CD = 8cm. Chng
minh rng : A DBC . ! . .
gi thit, kt lun.
*HS ln bng lm bi.
GV gi HS lm bi.
? chng minh A DBC . ! . ta chng
minh iu g?
*HS: ABD BDC ( (
? Hai tam gic trn c nhng yu t
no bng nhau ?
*HS:
Gc ABD = gc BDC ( so le trong)
2 1
4 2
4 1
8 2
AB
BD
BD
DC
AB BD
BD DC
! !
! !
!

Bi 4:
Cho hnh thoi ABCD c gc A bng
60
0
. Qua C k -ng thng d ct cc
tia i ca cc tia BA, CA theo th t
E, F. Chng minh rng:
a/
EB AD
BA DF
!
b/ EBD BDF ( (
gi thit, kt lun.
*HS ln bng lm bi.
GV gi HS lm bi.
? chng minh
EB AD
BA DF
! ta cn
chng minh iu g?
*HS: Chng minh hai t s cng
bng mt t s. l EC/CF.
? Cn c vo u chng minh
EBD BDF ( ( ?
*HS:
EB BD
BD DF
!
gc EBD = gc BDF = 120
0
8
4
2
D C
B
A

Xt tam gic ABD v BDC ta c:
Gc ABD = gc BDC ( so le trong)
2 1
4 2
4 1
8 2
AB
BD
BD
DC
AB BD
BD DC
! !
! !
!

Vy ABD BDC ( (
Suy ra A DBC . ! .

Bi 4:
A
F
D
C
B
E

a/ Do BC // AF nn ta c:
EB EC
BA CF
!
M CD // AE nn ta c:
AD EC
DF CF
!
Suy ra
EB AD
BA DF
!
b/ v AB = BD = AD theo a ta c:
EB BD
BD DF
!
M gc EBD = gc BDF = 120
0

Do EBD BDF ( (

BTVN:
Bi 1:
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71
Tam gic ABC c AB = 4cm. im D thuc cnh AC c AD = 2cm, DC = 6cm. Bit
rng gc ACD = 20
0
,tnh gc ABD.
Bi 2:
Hnh thang ABCD ( AB // CD) c AB = 2cm, BD = 4cm, CD = 8cm. Chng minh
rng
A DBC . ! . .
K duyt 12/9/2011
Ph hiu trng

****************************************
Bui 28: Bt ng thc
A.Mc tiu:
- Cng c mi lin h gia th t vi php cng, php nhn.
- M rng cc ph-ng php chng minh bt ng thc.
- Rn k nng chng minh bt ng thc.
B. Chun b:
- GV: h thng l thuyt v bi tp v bt ng thc.
- HS: Kin thc v mi lin h gia th t vi php cng, php nhn.
C. Tin trnh.
1. n nh lp.
2. Kim tra bi c: kh ng.
3. Bi mi:
GV yu cu HS nhc li cc mi lin h
gia th t vi php cng, php nhn.
*HS:
GV cho HS ghi li cc kin thc cn nh.
HS ghi bi.

I. Cc kin thc cn nh.
1. nh ngha bt ng thc.
* a nh hn b, k hiu a < b.
* a ln hn b, k hiu a > b.
* a nh hn hoc bng b, k hiu a e
b.
* a ln hn hoc bng b, k hiu a u b.
2. Tnh cht:
a, Tnh cht 1: a > b th b < a.
b, Tnh cht 2: a > b, b > c th a > c.
c, Tnh cht 3: a > b <=> a + c > b + c
H qu : a > b <=> a - c > b -
c
a + c > b <=> a > b - c
d, Tnh cht 4 : a > c v b > d
=> a + c > b + d
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72

GV cho HS lm bi tp.
Ph-ng php 1: Dng nh ngha.
GV -a ra ph-ng php gii:
HS ghi bi.

Bi 1.1 :
Vi mi s : x, y, z chng minh rng :
x
2
+ y
2
+ z
2
+3 u 2(x + y + z).
? chng minh bt ng thc ta lm
a > b v c < d
=> a - c > b - d
e, Tnh cht 5 : a > b v c > 0
=> ac > bd
a > b v c < 0
=> ac < bd
f, Tnh cht 6 : a > b > 0 ; c > d
> 0
=> ac > bd
g, Tnh cht 7 : a > b > 0 => a
n
>
b
n

a > b <=> a
n
> b
n
vi
n l
3, Mt s bt ng thc thng dng
:
a, Bt ng thc C si :
Vi 2 s d-ng a , b ta c : ab
b a
u
+
2

Du ng thc xy ra khi : a = b
b, Bt ng thc Bunhiac pxki :
Vi mi s a ; b; x ; y ta c :
( ax + by )
2
e (a
2
+ b
2
)(x
2
+ y
2
)
Du ng thc xy ra <=>
y
b
x
a
!
c, Bt ng thc gi tr tuyt i
:
b a b a + u +
Du ng thc xy ra khi : ab u 0
4. Cc ph-ng php chng minh bt
ng thc.
- Dng nh ngha.
- Dng php bin i t-ng -ng.
- Bt ng thc quen thuc.
II. Bi tp.
Ph-ng php 1: Dng nh ngha.
- Kin thc : chng minh A >
B , ta xt hiu A - B ri chng minh A
- B > 0 .
- L-u : A
2
u 0 vi mi A ; du '' =
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73
th no?
HS: chuyn bt ng thc thnh
x
2
+ y
2
+ z
2
+3 - 2( x + y + z) u 0
Chng minhh bt ng thc lu n
ng.
GV yu cu HS ln chng minh.

Bi 1.2 :
Cho a, b, c, d, e l cc s thc :
Chng minh rng :
a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
+ d
2
+ e
2
u a(b + c + d + e)
th no?
a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
+ d
2
+ e
2
- a(b + c + d + e) u
0.
ng.
? chng minh bt ng thc lu n
ng ta lm th no?
*HS: bin i biu thc thnh cc
tng bnh ph-ng.

Bi 1.3 : Chng minh bt ng thc :

2
2 2
2 2

+
u
+ b a b a

th no?
'' xy ra khi A = 0 .
Bi 1.1 :
Vi mi s : x, y, z chng minh rng :
x
2
+ y
2
+ z
2
+3 u 2(x + y + z).
Gii : Ta xt hiu :
H = x
2
+ y
2
+ z
2
+3 - 2( x + y + z)
= x
2
+ y
2
+ z
2
+3 - 2x - 2y - 2z
= (x
2
- 2x + 1) + (y
2
- 2y + 1) + (z
2
- 2z +
1)
= (x - 1)
2
+ (y - 1)
2
+ (z - 1)
2
Do (x - 1)
2
u 0 vi mi x
(y - 1)
2
u 0 vi mi y
(z - 1)
2
u 0 vi mi z
=> H u 0 vi mi x, y, z
Hay x
2
+ y
2
+ z
2
+3 u 2(x + y + z)
vi mi x, y, z .
Du bng xy ra <=> x = y = z =
1.
Bi 1.2 :
Cho a, b, c, d, e l cc s thc :
Chng minh rng :
a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
+ d
2
+ e
2
u a(b + c + d + e)
Gii :
Xt hiu :
H = a
2
+ b
2
+ c
2
+ d
2
+ e
2
- a(b + c + d +
e)
= ( b
a
2
)
2
+ ( c
a
2
)
2
+ ( d
a
2
)
2
+
( e
a
2
)
2

Do ( b
a
2
)
2
u 0 vi mi a, b
Do( c
a
2
)
2
u 0 vi mi a, c
Do ( d
a
2
)
2
u 0 vi mi a, d
Do ( e
a
2
)
2
u 0 vi mi a, e
=> H u 0 vi mi a, b, c, d, e
Du '' = '' xy ra <=> b = c = d = e
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74
2
2 2
2 2

+ b a b a
u 0.
ng.
? chng minh bt ng thc lu n
ng ta lm th no?
*HS: bin i biu thc thnh cc
tng bnh ph-ng.

2. Ph-ng php 2: Dng php bin
i t-ng -ng.
GV cho HS ghi ph-ng php gii.
HS ghi bi.

GV cho HS lm bi tp.
Bi 2. 1 : Cho a, b l hai s d-ng c
tng bng 1 . Chng minh rng :

3
4
1
1
1
1
u
+
+
+ b a

th no?
HS:Bin i bt ng thc cn
chng minh t-ng -ng vi bt ng
thc ng hoc bt ng thc
-c chng minh l ng.

=
2
a


2
2 2
2 2

+
u
+ b a b a

Gii :
Xt hiu :
H =
2
2 2
2 2

+ b a b a

=
4
) 2 ( ) ( 2
2 2 2 2
b ab a b a + + +

2 2 2 2
2
1
(2 2 2 )
4
1
( ) 0
4
a b a b ab
a b
! +
! u

Vi mi a, b
Du '' = '' xy ra khi a = b .
2. Ph-ng php 2 ; Dng php bin
i t-ng -ng .
- Kin thc : Bin i bt ng
thc cn chng minh t-ng -ng vi
bt ng thc ng hoc bt ng
thc -c chng minh l ng .
- Mt s ng thc th-ng dng :
(A+B)
2
=A
2
+2AB+B
2

(A-B)
2
=A
2
-2AB+B
2

(A+B+C)
2
=A
2
+B
2
+C
2
+2AB+2AC+2BC
(A+B)
3
=A
3
+3A
2
B+3AB
2
+B
3

(A-B)
3
=A
3
-3A
2
B+3AB
2
-B
3

Bi 2. 1 : Cho a, b l hai s d-ng c
tng bng 1 . Chng minh rng :

3
4
1
1
1
1
u
+
+
+ b a

Gii:
Dng php bin i t-ng -ng
;
3(a + 1 + b + 1) u 4(a + 1) (b +
1)
9 u 4(ab + a + b + 1) (v a + b =
1)
9 u 4ab + 8
1 u 4ab
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75
(a + b)
2
u 4ab
Bt ng thc cui ng . Suy
ra iu phi chng minh .

4. Cng c:
- GV yu cu HS nhc li hai ph-ng php chng minh bt ng thc.
BTVN:
Bi 2. 2: Cho a, b, c l cc s d-ng tho mn : a + b + c = 4
Chng minh rng : (a + b)(b + c)(c + a) u a
3
b
3
c
3


3
3 3
2 2

+
u
+ b a b a
; trong a > 0 ; b > 0
K duyt 12/9/2011
Ph hiu trng

**********************************************
Bui 29: n tp ch-ng iii
A.Mc tiu:
- Cng c : nh l talet, talet o v h qu, tnh cht -ng phn gic ca
tam gic, cc tr-ng hp ng dng ca tam gic th-ng, cc tr-ng hp ng
dng ca tam gic vu ng.
- Rn k nng chng minh hai tam gic ng dng.
- Bit vn dng tam gic ng dng tnh di on thng v chng
minh hai gc bng nhau, chng minh hai -ng thng song song.
B. Chun b:
- GV: h thng bi tp.
- HS: Kin thc ton ch-ng tam gic ng dng.
C. Tin trnh:
1. n nh lp:
2. Kim tra bi c:
? Trnh by nh l talet, talet o v h qu nh l talet.
? Nu tnh cht -ng phn gic ca tam gic.
? Trnh by cc tr-ng hp ng dng ca tam gic, cc tr-ng hp ng dng ca
tam gic vu ng.
*HS:
3. Bi mi:
GV cho HS lm bi tp.
Bi 1:
Tam gic ABC vu ng ti A, AB =
15cm,
AC = 20cm, -ng phn gic BD.
a/ Tnh di AD.
Bi 1:
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76
b/ Gi H l hnh chiu ca A trn
BC. Tnh di AH, HB.
GV yu cu HS ln bng ghi gi
thit, kt lun v hnh.
HS ln bng lm.
GV gi HS cch chng minh:
? tnh AD ta da vo u?
*HS: Tnh cht -ng phn gic.
? Khi ta c iu g?
*HS:
DA AB
DC BC
!
? Ngoi ra ta c thm iu kin
g?
*HS: DA + DC = AC.
GV yu cu HS ln bng lm phn
a.
? tnh HA v HB ta lm nh- th
no?
*HS: da vo hai tam gic ng
dng.
ABC HBA (

Bi 2:
Tam gic ABC vu ng ti A, -ng
phn gic BD chia cnh AC thnh
cc on thng DA = 3cm, DC =
5cm. Tnh cc di AB, BC.
GV yu cu HS ln bng v hnh,
ghi gi thit, kt lun.
HS ln bng lm bi.
GV gi HS lm bi.
? tnh AB v BC ta lm th
no?
*HS: Da vo tnh cht -ng
phn gic BD.
? BD l phn gic ta co iu g?
*HS:
DA AB
DC BC
!
? Ngoi yu t trn ta cn c iu
g?
*HS: BC
2
= AC
2
+ AB
2

H
D
C
B
A

a/ p dng nh l pytago ta c:
BC
2
= AC
2
+ AB
2

BC = 25cm.
V BD ta phn gic ca gc B nn ta c:
15 3
25 5
DA AB
DC BC
! ! !
Hay
3 5
DA DC
! m DA + DC = 20cm
Suy ra AD = 7,5cm.
b/ Xt tam gic ABC v HBA ta c
0
90 A H ! !
Gc B chung
Suy ra ABC HBA ( (g.g)
Khi ta c:
3
5
AH HB AB
CA AB CB
! ! !
Thay s ta -c AH = 12cm, BH = 9cm.
Bi 2:
5
3
D
C
B
A

V BD l phn gic ca gc B nn ta c:
3
5
DA AB
DC BC
! !
M BC
2
= AC
2
+ AB
2
hay BC
2
AB
2
= 64
p dng tnh cht ca dy cc t s bng
nhau ta tnh -c AB = 6cm, BC = 10cm.

Bi 3:
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77

Bi 3:
Tam gic ABC vu ng ti A, AB =
36cm, AC = 48cm, -ng phn
gic AK. Tia phn gic ca gc B
ct AK ti I. Qua I k -ng thng
song song vi BC, ct AB v AC
D v E.
a/ Tnh di BK.
b/ Tnh t s
AI
AK

c/ Tnh DE.
HS ln bng lm bi.
GV gi HS lm bi.
? Tnh BK ta lm th no?
*HS: da vo -ng phn gic AK.
? Tnh t s
AI
AK
ta cn c vo
u?
*HS: -ng phn gic BI ca tam
gic ABK.
? Tnh DE th ng qua iu g?
*HS: h qu ca nh l talt.

Bi 4:
Cho tam gic ABC vu ng ti A,
-ng cao AH, BC = 20m, AH =
8m, Gi D l hnh chiu ca H trn
AC, E l hnh chiu ca H trn AB.
a/ Chng minh rng ABC ADE
b/ Tnh din tch tam gic ADE.
HS ln bng lm bi.
GV gi HS lm bi.
? ABC ADE ng dng theo
tr-ng hp no?
*HS: gc. Gc.
? tnh din tch tam gic ADE
ta lm th no?
*HS: t s din tch bng bnh
ph-ng t s ng dng.
E
D
I
K
C
B
A

a/ p dng nh l pytago ta c:
BC
2
= AB
2
+ AC
2

BC = 60cm.
V AK l phn gic gc A nn ta c:
36 3
48 4
BK AB
KC AC
! ! !
M BK + CK = 60cm
Suy ra BK =
5
25
7
cm.
b/ Xt tam gic ABK ta c BI l phn gic
nn ta c:
7
5
7
7 5
7
12
AI AB
IK BK
AI
AI IK
AI
AK
! !
!
+ +
!

c/ ta c DE // BC nn:
7
12
35
DE AD AI
BC AB AK
DE cm
! ! !
!

Bi 4:
E
D
H
C
B
A

a/ Xt hai tam gic vu ng ABC v ADE ta
c:

1 1
C A E ! !
Suy ra ABC ADE (g.g)
b/ Ta c:
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78
2 2 2
2
2
8 4
20 25
1
.8.20 80
2
12, 8
ADE
ABC
ABC
ADE
S DE AH
S BC BC
S m
S m

! ! ! !

! !
!

4. Cng c:
- yu cu HS nhc li cc tr-ng hp ng dng ca tam gic, cc tr-ng hp ng
dng ca tam gic vu ng v ng dng ca chng.
BTVN:
Tam gic ABC vu ng ti A, AB = 36cm, AC = 48cm, -ng phn gic AK. Tia
phn gic ca gc B ct AK ti I. Qua I k -ng thng song song vi BC, ct AB
v AC D v E.
a/ Tnh di BK.
b/ Tnh t s
AI
AK

c/ Tnh DE.

Bui 30: Bt ph-ng trnh bc nht mt n
A.Mc tiu:
- Cng c khi nim bt ph-ng trnh bc nht mt n, nghim ca bt ph-ng
trnh bc nht mt n, tp nghim ca bt ph-ng trnh bc nht mt n.
- Rn k nng kim tra nghim ca bt ph-ng trnh, biu din tp nghim ca
bt ph-ng trnh.
- Rn k nng gii cc bt ph-ng trnh quy v bt ph-ng trnh bc nht mt n.
- M rng gii bt ph-ng trnh tch v bt ph-ng trnh cha n mu thc.
B. Chun b:
- GV: h thng bi tp.
- HS: Kin thc v bt ph-ng trnh bc nht mt n.
C. Tin trnh:
1. n nh lp:
2. Kim tra bi c:
? Trnh by khi nim bt ph-ng trnh bc nht mt n, nghim v tp
nghim ca bt ph-ng trnh bc nht mt n.
*HS:
3. Bi mi:
GV cho HS lm bi tp.
Bi 1:
Gii cc bt ph-ng trnh sau v biu
din tp nghim trn trc s:
a/ 3x 7 e 0 .
b/ 5x + 18 > 0.
c/ 9 2x < 0.
d/ -11 3x u0.
? gii bt ph-ng trnh bc nht
Bi 1:
Gii cc bt ph-ng trnh sau v biu
din tp nghim trn trc s:
a/ 3x 7 e 0 .
3x e 7
x e 7/3

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79
mt n ta lm th no?
*HS; S dng hai quy tc chuyn v
v quy tc nhn.

Bi 2: Gii cc bt ph-ng trnh sau:
a/ (x 1)
2
< x(x + 3)
b/ (x 2)(x + 2) > x(x 4)
c/ 2x + 3 < 6 (3 4x)
d/ -2 7x > (3 + 2x) (5 6x)
e/
3 1
2
4
x
"
f/
1 2
4
3
x
"
g/
6 4
1
5
x

? gii cc bt ph-ng trnh ta lm
th no?
*HS: Chuyn v, quy ng chuyn v
bt ph-ng trnh bc nht.
GV yu cu HS pht biu li hai quy tc
chuyn v v quy tc nhn.
Yu cu HS ln bng lm bi, HS d-i lp
lm bi vo v.
*HS ln bng lm bi.

b/ 5x + 18 > 0.
5x > -18
x > -18/5

c/ 9 2x < 0.
-2x < -9
x > 9/2.

d/ -11 3x u0.
-3x u 11
x e -11/3

Bi 2: Gii cc bt ph-ng trnh sau:
a/ (x 1)
2
< x(x + 3)
x
2
2x + 1 < x
2
+ 3x
x
2
x
2
2x 3x + 1 < 0
-5x < -1
x > 1/5
b/ (x 2)(x + 2) > x(x 4)
x
2
4 > x
2
4x
x
2
x
2
+ 4x 4 > 0
4x > 4
x > 1
c/ 2x + 3 < 6 (3 4x)
2x + 3 < 6 3 + 4x
2x 4x < 0
-2x < 0
x > 0
d/ -2 7x > (3 + 2x) (5 6x)
-2 7x > 3 + 2x 5 + 6x
-7x 2x 6x > 3 5 + 2
- 15x > 0
x < 0
e/
3 1
2
4
x
"
3x 1 > 8
3x > 9
x > 3
f/
1 2
4
3
x
"
1 2x > 12
- 2x > 11
x < -11/2
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80
Bi 3:Gii cc bt ph-ng trnh sau:
a/ (3x 2)(4 3x ) > 0
b/ (7 2x)(5 + 2x) < 0
c/
6 3
0
2 7
x
x
"

d/
8 5
0
3 2
x
x

GV gi :
? gii cc bt ph-ng trnh trn ta
lm th no?
*HS: Chia tr-ng hp.
? Chia thnh nhng tr-ng hp no?
*HS: Nu tch hai biu thc ln hn 0
th c hai tr-ng hp.
TH1: c hai biu thc u d-ng.
TH2: c hai u m.
*HS ln bng lm bi.
Cc phn khc GV yu cu HS lm
t-ng t.

g/
6 4
1
5
x

6 4x < 5
- 4x < - 1
x > 1/4
Bi 3:Gii cc bt ph-ng trnh sau:
a/ (3x 2)(4 3x ) > 0
TH1:
2
3 2 0
2 4
3
4 3 0 4 3 3
3
x
x
x
x
x
"
"

"

TH2:
2
3 2 0
3
4 3 0 4
3
x
x
x
x

"
v l.
Vy S =
2 4
/
3 3
x x

b/ (7 2x)(5 + 2x) < 0
TH1:
7
7 2 0
7
2
5 2 0 5 2
2
x
x
x
x
x
"

"

+ "

"

TH2:
7
7 2 0
5
2
5 2 0 5 2
2
x
x
x
x
x
"

+

Vy S =
5 7
/ ;
2 2
x x x

"

c/
6 3
0
2 7
x
x
"

TH1:
2
6 3 0
2
2
2 7 0 7
7
x
x
x
x x

"

"

TH2:
2
6 3 0
2
2
2 7 0
7
x
x
x
x x
"

"

"

Vy S =
2
/ 2;
7
x x x

"

d/
8 5
0
3 2
x
x

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81

Bi 4:Tm cc s t nhin n tho mn
mi bt ph-ng trnh sau:
a/ 3(5 4n) + (27 + 2n) > 0.
b/ (n + 2)
2
(n 3)(n + 3) e 40.
? tm n ta lm th no?
*HS: gii bt ph-ng trnh sau tm
n.
? Tm n bng cch no?
*HS: n l s t nhin.

TH1:
5
8 5 0
3
8
3 2 0 3 2
2
x
x
x
x
x
"
"
"

"

TH2:
5
8 5 0
5
8
3 2 0 3 8
2
x
x
x
x
x

"

Vy S =
5 3
/ ;
8 2
x x x

"

Bi 4:Tm cc s t nhin n tho mn
mi bt ph-ng trnh sau:
a/ 3(5 4n) + (27 + 2n) > 0.
15 12n + 27 + 2n > 0
- 10n + 42 > 0
n < 4,2
M n l s t nhin nn n = {0 ; 1; 2; 3;
4}.
b/ (n + 2)
2
(n 3)(n + 3) e 40.
n
2
+ 4n + 4 n
2
+ 9 e 40
4n e 27
n e 27/4
M n l s t nhin nn n = {0; ...6}.
4. Cng c:
GV yu cu HS nhc li cc dng bi hc, cc cch gii ph-ng trnh bc
nht v bt ph-ng trnh quy v bt ph-ng trnh bc nht.
BTVN:
Bi 1:Gii cc bt ph-ng trnh:
)
)
2
2
2 1 5 3 3 1 3
/
5 4 2 2
1 3 5 20 2 5
/
3 2 3 4
x x x x x
a
x x x x x x
b
+ +
+
+
"

Bi 2:Chng minh rng:
a/ (m +1)
2
u 4m.
b/ m
2
+ n
2
+ 2 u2(m + n).

K duyt 12/9/2011
Ph hiu trng

**********************************
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82
Bui 31: N TP
A. MC TIU
- Gip HS nm c th no l bt phng trnh bc nht mt n, cch gii bt phng
trnh bc nht mt n.
- Rn k nng gii bt phng trnh, k nng biu din tp nghim ca bt phng
trnh trn trc s
B. NI DUNG
Bi 1. Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:
a) x - 5 > 7 b) x - 2x < 8 - 4x
c) - 4x < - 3x + 1 d) 2 + 5x > -3x - 5
Hng dn
a) x - 5 > 7 x > 7 + 5 x > 12.
Vy tp nghim ca bt phng trnh l
_ a
x x 12 "
b) x - 2x < 8 - 4x 3x < 8 x <
8
3
.
8
x x
3

c) 4x 3x 1 x 1 + "
_ a
x x 1 "
7
d) 2 5x 3x 5 x
8
+ " "
7
x x
8

"

Bi 2 Gii cc bt phng trnh v biu din tp nghim trn trc s:
a) 2 - 3x e 14 b) 2x - 1 > 3
c) -3x + 4 u 7 d) 2x - 6 < -2
Hng dn
a) 2 3x 14 -3x 14-2 3x 12 x -4 e e e u
_ a
x x 4 u
Biu din tp nghim trn trc s:
- 4

HS lm cu b, c, d tng t v kt qu nh sau:
b) 2x - 1 > 3.
Vy S =
_ a
x x 2 "
2
(
c) -3x + 4 u 7
Vy tp nghim ca BPT l
_ a
x x 1 e

]
-1
d) 2x - 6 < -2
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83
Vy tp nghim ca BPT l
_ a
x x 2

)
2
a)
1 2 1 5
2
4 8
x x
b)
1 1
1 8
4 3
x x +
" +
Hng dn
a)
1 2 1 5
2
4 8
x x

2(1 2 ) 2.8 1 5
8 8

x x
2 4x 16 < 1 5x
4x + 5x < 2 + 16 + 1 x < 15
Vy x < 15.
b) HS lm tng t v kt qu: x < -115

2 2
a) 3x 2 5 b) 10 2x 6x
c) x 1 x x 3 d) x 1 7 3x 4x
+ "
" + + " +

Bi 5. Tm x sao cho :
a) Gi tr ca biu thc -2x + 7 l s dng.
b) Gi tr ca biu thc x + 3 nh hn gi tr ca biu thc 5 - 4x.
c) Gi tr ca biu thc 3x + 1 khng nh hn gi tr ca biu thc x - 3
d) Gi tr ca biu thc x
2
- 1 khng ln hn gi tr ca biu thc x
2
+ 2x - 4
Hng dn
Tm x sao cho gi tr ca biu thc -2x + 7 l s dng?
Biu thc - 2x + 7 l s dng khi v ch khi

7
2x 7 0 2x 7 x
2
+ " "
a) Lp bt phng trnh:
7
2x 7 0 2x 7 x
2
+ " "
b) Lp bt phng trnh:
2
x 3 5 4x x 4x 5 3 5x 2 x
5
+ +
c) Lp bt phng trnh: 3x 1 x 3 3x x 3 1 2x 4 x 2 + u u u u
d) Lp bt phng trnh:

2 2 2 2
x 1 x 2x 4 x x 2x 4 1 e + e +
3
2x 3 x
2
e u

2 2
a) 3x 2 5 b) 10 2x 6x
c) x 1 x x 3 d) x 1 7 3x 4x
+ "
" + + " +

Hng dn5 x > - 1
Vy tp nghim ca bt ptr l
a) 3x + 2 < 5 3x > 2 _ a / 1 S x x ! "
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84
b) x <
5
4

c) x < 2
d) Bt phng trnh v nghim

) ) ) ) )
2
2
a) x 2 x 1 x 3 4x b) x 1 x 1 x 3
4 2 1 3
c) x 4 d) x 5 x
3 3 2 4
u + + + + e
+ "

Hng dn
) ) )
2
2 2
2 2
a) x 2 x 1 x 3 4x
x 4x 4 x 4x 3 4x
x 4x x 4x 4x 3 4
1
4x 1 x
4
u + +
+ e + +
+ e
e u

1
x x
4

u

) )
2
b) x 1 x 1 x 3 x 2 + + e e
_ a
x x 2 e
4 2 5
c) x 4 x
3 3 2
+ "
5
x x
2

"

1 3
d) x 5 x x 20
2 4
"
_ a
x x 20
BTVN:
Gii cc bt phng trnh sau:
a) 8x + 3( x + 1 ) > 5x ( 2x 6 )
b) 2x( 6x 1 ) > ( 3x 2 )( 4x + 3 )
K duyt 12/9/2011
Ph hiu trng

********************************************
Bui 32: Hnh hp ch nht
A.Mc tiu:
- Cng c nh ngha hnh hp ch nht, cc khi nim v -ng thng song
song vi -ng thng , -ng thng song song vi mt phng, hai mt phng
song song, -ng thng vu ng gc vi mt phng, hai mt phng vu ng gc.
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85
- Rn k nng nhn bit v tr hai -ng thng trong kh ng gian, nhn bit
-ng thng song song vi mt phng, hai mt phng song song, -ng
thng vu ng gc vi mt phng, hai mt phng vu ng gc.
B. Chun b:
- GV: h thng bi tp.
- HS: Kin thc v hnh hp ch nht, th-c k.
C. Tin trnh:
1. n nh lp:
2. Kim tra bi c:
- Yu cu HS nhc li cc khi nim: nh ngha hnh hp ch nht, cc khi
nim v -ng thng song song vi -ng thng , -ng thng song song vi
mt phng, hai mt phng song song, -ng thng vu ng gc vi mt
phng, hai mt phng vu ng gc
*HS:
3. Bi mi:

GV cho HS lm bi tp.
Bi 1:
Cho hnh hp ch nht
ABCD.A B C D.Gi N, I theo th t l
trung im ca BB , CC.
a/ Chng minh AD // B C .
b/ Chng minh NI // mf(A B C D).
GV yu cu HS ln b ng v hnh, ghi
gi thit, kt lun.
*HS ln b ng lm bi.
? chng minh AD // B C ta cn
chng minh iu g?
*HS: c hai on thng cng song
song vi BC.
? Chng minh NI // mf(A B C D) ta
ph i chng minh iu g?
*HS: NI // B C.
Gv yu cu HS ln b ng lm bi.

Bi 2:
Cho hnh hp ch nht
ABCD.A B C D.Chng minh rng
mf(BDA )// mf(CB D).
GV yu cu HS ln b ng v hnh, ghi
gi thit, kt lun.
*HS ln b ng lm bi.
? chng minh mf(BDA )// mf(CB D)
ta cn chng minh iu g?
*HS: BD // mf(CB D ) v
DA // mf(CB D).
Bi 1:

a/ Ta c AD // B C v cng // vi BC.
b/ Ta c NB // IC, NB = IC nn NICB
l hnh bnh hnh.
Suy ra NI // B C.
Hay NI // mf(A B C D ).

Bi 2:

Ta c BB // DD, BB = DD nn BDD B
l hnh bnh hnh.
Suy ra BD // B D
Hay BD // mf(CB D)
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86
? Chng minh BD // mf(CB D) bng
cch no?
*HS: BD // B D
GV yu cu HS ln b ng lm bi.

T-ng t ta c DA // mf(CB D).
M DA v BD ct nhau ti A nn
mf(BDA )// mf(CB D ).

BTVN:
Cho hnh hp ch nht ABCD.A B C D .Cc im M, I, K, N theo th t thuc
cc cnh AA , BB , CC ,DD sao cho A M = D N = BI = CK.
Chng minh mf(ADKI)//(MNC B ).
K duyt 12/9/2011
Ph hiu trng

Bui 33: n tp CUI NM
A. Mc tiu
* HS vn dng -c cc kin thc sau lm bi tp:
- Gii ph-ng trnh bc nht mt n.
- Gii ph-ng trnh -a v ph-ng trnh bc nht mt n.
- Gii bt ph-ng trnh bc nht mt n v biu din trn trc s.
- Gii bt ph-ng trnh -a v bt ph-ng trnh bc nht mt n.
- Gii bi ton bng cch lp ph-ng trnh.
B. Chun b:
GV: H thng bi tp.
HS: Kin thc v ph-ng trnh v bt ph-ng trnh.
C. Tin trnh
1. n nh lp.
2. Kim tra bi c:
3. Bi mi:
GV cho HS lm bi tp.
Bi 1:Gii cc ph-ng trnh.
a/ 7x - 8 = 4x + 7
b/ 2x + 5 = 20 - 3x
c/ 5y + 12 = 8y + 27
d/ 13 - 2y = y 2
) ) )
3 8 5
/
12 8
3 11 3 1 2 2 5
/
4 5 10
2 5 5 3 6 7
/ 2
6 3 4
x x
e
x x x
f
x x x
g x x

!
+
!

+ ! +

Bi 1:Gii cc ph-ng trnh.
a/ 7x - 8 = 4x + 7
7x - 4x = 7 + 8
3x = 15
x = 5.
Vy S = { 5 }.
b/ 2x + 5 = 20 - 3x
2x + 3x = 20 - 5
5x = 15
x = 3
Vy S = { 3 }.
c/ 5y + 12 = 8y + 27
5y - 8y = 27 - 12
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87
HS ln bng lm bi, HS d-i lp lm bi
vo v.

GV cho HS lm bi tp 2.
Bi 2: Gii cc ph-ng trnh sau bng
cch -a v ph-ng trnh tch.
a/ x
2
2x + 1 = 0
b/1+3x+3x
2
+x
3
= 0
c/ x + x
4
= 0
3 2 2
) 3 3 1 2( ) 0 d x x x x x + + !
2
2
) 12 0
)6 11 10 0
e x x
f x x
+ !
!

-3y = 15
y = - 5
Vy S = { -5 }.
d/ 13 - 2y = y - 2
-2y - y = -2 - 13
-3y = -15
y = 5.
Vy S = { 5 }.
) ) )
3 8 5
/
12 8
6 16 15 3
6 3 15 16
9 31
31
9
3 11 3 1 2 2 5
/
4 5 10
3 33 3 3 2 5
4 5 5
15 165 4 32
15 4 165 32
11 197
197
11
2 5 5 3 6 7
/ 2
6 3 4
4 10 12 24 20 12 18 21 12
8 14 14
x x
e
x x
x x
x
x
x x x
f
x x x
x x
x x
x
x
x x x
g x x
x x x x x
x

!
!
+ ! +
!
!
+
!
+
!
! +
! +
!
!

+ ! +
+ ! + +
+ ! 9
8 14 9 14
22 5
5
22
x
x x
x
x
+
!
!
!

Bi 2: Gii cc ph-ng trnh sau bng
cch -a v ph-ng trnh tch.

a/ x
2
2x + 1= 0
(x - 1)
2
= 0
x - 1 = 0
x = 1
b/1+3x+3x
2
+x
3
= 0
(1 + x)
3
= 0
1 + x = 0
x = -1
c/ x + x
4
= 0
x(1 + x
3
) = 0
x(1 + x)(1 - x + x
2
) = 0
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88

GV yu cu HS lm bi.
Bi 3: Gii cc ph-ng trnh cha n
mu.
2
4 8
/ 0
2 1
x
a
x
!
+

2
6
/ 0
3
x x
b
x

!

5 1 2 3
/
3 6 2 2 4
x x
c
x x
+
!

2
12 1 3 1 3
/
1 9 1 3 1 3
x x
d
x x x
+
!
+

2
5 1 8
/
1 3 4 3
x x
e
x x x x
+ +
!
+

2
1 5 12
/ 1
2 2 4
x
f
x x x
+
! +
+

GV yu cu HS nhc li cc b-c gii
ph-ng trnh cha n mu.
*HS :
x = 0 hoc x + 1 = 0
x = 0 hoc x = -1.
) )
) )
) )
3 2 2
3
2
2
) 3 3 1 2( ) 0
1 2 1 0
1 2 1 2 0
1 1 0
d x x x x x
x x x
x x x x
x x
+ + !
!
+ + !
+ !

x - 1 = 0
x = 1

) )
) )
2
2
) 12 0
4 3 12 0
4 3 0
e x x
x x x
x x
+ !
+ + !
+ !

x + 4 = 0 hoc x - 3 = 0
x = -4 hoc x = 3
2
2
)6 11 10 0
6 15 4 10 0
(2 5)(3 2) 0
f x x
x x x
x x
!
+ !
+ !

2x - 5 = 0 hoc 3x + 2 = 0
x = 5/2 hoc x = -2/3
Bi 3: Gii cc ph-ng trnh cha n
mu
_ a
2
4 8
/ 0
2 1
:
4 8 0
2
2
x
a
x
DKXD R
x
x
S
!
+
!
!
!

_ a
2
2
2
2
6
/ 0
3
: 3
6 0
3 2 6 0
( 3 ) (2 6) 0
( 3) 2( 3) 0
( 2)( 3) 0
2; 3
2
x x
b
x
DKXD x
x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x
x x
S

!
=
!
+ !
+ !
+ !
+ !
! !

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89
- KX
- Quy ng , kh mu.
- Gii ph-ng trnh.
- Kt lun.
5 1 2 3
/
3 6 2 2 4
: 2
5 1 2 3
3( 2) 2 2( 2)
2( 5) 3( 2) 3(2 3)
2 10 3 6 6 9
2 3 6 9 10 6
7 25
25
7
25
7
x x
c
x x
DKXD x
x x
x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x
x
S
+
!

=
+
!

+ !
+ + !
!
!
!

!

) )
_ a
2
2 2
2 2
12 1 3 1 3
/
1 9 1 3 1 3
1
:
3
12 1 3 1 3
12 1 6 9 1 6 9
12 12
1
1
x x
d
x x x
DKXD x
x x
x x x x
x
x
S
+
!
+
=
! +
! +
!
!
!

4.Cng c:
- GV yu cu HS nhc li cc dng bi v ph-ng php gii ca cc dng.
- n tp bt ph-ng trnh.
K duyt 12/9/2011
Ph hiu trng

*******************************
Bui 34: N TP
A-Mc tiu :
HS -c cng c cc kin thc tng hp v ph-ng trnh, bt ph-ng trnh, tam gic ng
dng, cc hnh khi kh ng gian dng n gin.
HS bit s dng cc kin thc trn rn k nng cho thnh tho.
b-ni dung:
Khoanh trn vo ch ci in hoa tr-c cu tr li ng:
Cu1: Ph-ng trnh 2x - 2 = x + 5 c nghim x bng:
A, - 7 B,
7
3
C, 3 D, 7
Cu2: Tp nghim ca ph-ng trnh:
5 1
x . x 0
6 2

+ !

l:
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90

5 1 5 1 5 1
A, B, - C, ; - D, ;
6 2 6 2 6 2

Cu3: iu kin xc nh ca ph-ng trnh
5x 1 x 3
0
4x 2 2 x
+
+ !

l:

1 1 1
A, x B, x -2; x C, x ; x 2 D, x -2
2 2 2
= = = = = =

Cu4: Bt ph-ng trnh no sau y l bt ph-ng trnh bc nht mt n:

2
2x+3 1
A, 5x 4 0 B, 0 C, 0.x+4>0 D, x 1 0
3x-2007 4
+ "
Cu5: Bit
MQ 3
PQ 4
! v PQ = 5cm. di on MN bng:
A, 3,75 cm B,
20
3
cm C, 15 cm D, 20 cm
Cu6: Trong hnh 1 c MN // GK. ng thc no sau y l sai:

EM EK EM EN
A, B,
EG EN MG NK
ME NE MG KN
C, D,
EG EK EG EK
! !
! !
Hnh 1
Cu7: Ph-ng trnh no sau y l ph-ng trnh bc nht mt n:

2 1
A, 5 0 B, t 1 0 C,3x 3y 0 D, 0.y 0
x 2
! + ! + ! !
Cu8: Ph-ng trnh | x - 3 | = 9 c tp nghim l:
_ a _ a _ a _ a A, 12 B, 6 C, 6;12 D, 12
Cu9: Nu a b e v c < 0 th:
A, ac bc B, ac bc C, ac bc D,ac bc e ! " u

Cu10: Hnh 2 biu din tp nghim ca bt ph-ng trnh no:
A, x + 3 10 B, x + 3 <
10
C, x + 3 10 D, x + 3 >
10

Cu11: Cch vit no sau y l
ng:

4 4
A, 3x 4 0 x 4 B, 3x 4 0 x 1 C, 3x 4 0 x D, 3x 4 0 x
3 3
+ " " + " + " + "

Cu12: Tp nghim ca bt ph-ng trnh 1,3 x - 3,9 l:

_ a _ a
_ a _ a
A, x / x 3 B, x / x 3
C, x / x 3 D, x / x 3
u u
e "
Hnh v cu
13
Cu13: Trong hnh hp ch nht ABCD.A'B'C'D' c bao
nhiu cnh bng CC':
A, 1 cnh B, 2 cnh
C, 3 cnh D, 4 cnh

Cu14: Trong hnh lp ph-ng MNPQ.M'N'P'Q' c bao nhiu cnh bng nhau:
E

M N

G
0 7 0 7

Hnh 2
B
A B' C
D
A' C'
D'
B
A B' C
D
A' C'
D'
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91
A, 4 cnh B, 6 cnh C, 8 cnh D, 12
cnh
Cu15: Cho x < y. Kt qu no d-i y l ng:
A, x - 3 > y -3 B, 3 - 2x < 3 - 2y C, 2x - 3 < 2y - 3 D, 3 - x
< 3 - y
Cu16: Cu no d-i y l ng:
A, S a m nu 4a < 5a B, S a d-ng nu 4a > 5a
C, S a d-ng nu 4a < 3a D, s a m nu 4a
< 3a
Cu17: di on thng AD' trn hnh v l:
A, 3 cm B, 4 cm C, 5 cm D, C A, B, C u
sai
Cu18: Cho s a hn 3 ln s b l 4 n v. Cch biu
din no sau y l sai:
A, a = 3b - 4 B, a - 3b = 4 C, a - 4 = 3b D, 3b + 4 = a
Cu19: Trong hnh v cu 17, c bao nhiu cnh song song vi AD:
A, 2 cnh B, 3 cnh C, 4 cnh D, 1 cnh
Cu20: di x trong hnh bn l:
A, 2,5 B, 2,9 C, 3 D, 3,2
Cu21: Gi tr x = 4 l nghim ca ph-ng trnh no d-i y:
A, - 2,5x = 10 B, 2,5x = - 10
C, 2,5x = 10 D, - 2,5x = - 10
Cu22: Hnh lp ph-ng c:
A, 6 mt,6 nh, 12 cnh B, 6 nh, 8 mt, 12 cnh
C, 6 mt, 8 cnh, 12 nh D, 6 mt, 8 nh, 12 cnh
Cu23: Cho hnh v. Kt lun no sau y l sai:
A, 345 +35 %015 3+5
&543 510 '435 35+
Cu24: Trong hnh v bn c MQ = NP, MN // PQ. C bao nhiu cp tam gic ng dng::
A, 1 cp B, 2 cp
C, 3 cp D, 4 cp
Cu25: Hai s t nhin c hiu bng 14 v tng bng 100 th hai s l:
A, 44 v 56 B, 46 v 58 C, 43 v 57 D, 45 v 55
Cu26: ABC vu ng ti A, -ng cao AH. Bit AB = 6, AC = 8 th AH bng:
A, 4,6 B, 4,8 C, 5,0 D, 5,2
Cu27: Cho bt ph-ng trnh - 4x + 12 > 0. Php bin i no sau y l ng:
A, 4x > - 12 B, 4x < 12 C, 4x > 12 D, 4x < - 12
Cu28: Bit din tch ton phn ca mt hnh lp ph-ng l 216 cm
2
. Th tch hnh lp
ph-ng l:
A, 36 cm
3
B, 18 cm
3
C, 216 cm
3
D, C A, B, C u sai
Cu29: in vo ch trng (...) nhng gi tr thch hp:
a, Ba kch th-c ca hnh hp ch nht l 1cm, 2cm, 3cm th th tch ca n l V
=.............
b, Th tch hnh lp ph-ng cnh 3 cm l V =....................
Cu30: Bit AM l phn gic ca trong ABC. di x trong hnh v l:
A, 0,75 B, 3
C, 12 D, C A, B, C u sai

K duyt 12/9/2011
Ph hiu trng

B
A B' C
D
A' C'
D'
B
A B' C
D
A' C'
D'
4cm
3cm
B
A B' C
D
A' C'
D'
B
A B' C
D
A' C'
D'
4cm
3cm
B
A B' C
D
A' C'
D'
B
A B' C
D
A' C'
D'
4cm
3cm

Hnh v cu
17
2,5
3,6
3
Hnh v cu 20
x
P

N

Q H M
R
M N

Q
A

3 6

1,5 x
B M
C
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92

Bui 35: N TP
A.Mc tiu:
-Rn k nng vn dng kin thc c bn vo bi lm
B.Ni dung:
Khoanh trn ch ci tr-c cu tr li ng. (Mi ph-ng n tr li ng cho
0,25 im)

Cu 1: Bt ph-ng trnh no d-i y l BPT bc nht mt n :
A.
x
1
- 1 > 0 B. x
3
1
+2 < 0 C. 2x
2
+ 3 > 0 D. 0x
+ 1 > 0
Cu 2: Cho BPT: - 4x + 12 > 0 , php bin i no d-i y l ng :

A. 4x > - 12 B. 4x < 12 C. 4x > 12 D. x
< - 12

Cu 3: Tp nghim ca BPT 5 - 2x 0 u l :
A. {x / x
2
5
u } ; B. {x / x
2
5
u } ; C. {x / x
2
5
e } ; D. { x / x
2
5
e }

Cu 4: Gi tr x = 2 l nghim ca BPT no trong cc BPT d-i y:

A. 3x+ 3 > 9 ; B. - 5x > 4x + 1 ; C. x - 2x < - 2x + 4 ; D. x - 6 >
5 - x

Cu 5: in (ng), S (sai) vo trng thch hp. (Mi ph-ng n tr li
ng cho 0,5 im)
a) Nu a > b th
2
1
a >
2
1
b
b) Nu a > b th 4 - 2a < 4 - 2b
c) Nu a > b th 3a - 5 < 3b - 5
d) Nu 4a < 3a th a l s d-ng

Cu 6: (0,25 ) Cho tam gic ABC c AB = 4cm ; BC = 6 cm ; gc B = 50
0
v tam
gic MNP c :
MP = 9 cm ; MN = 6 cm ; gc M = 50
0
Th :
A) Tam gic ABC kh ng ng dng vi tam gic NMP
B) Tam gic ABC ng dng vi tam gic NMP
C) Tam gic ABC ng dng vi tam gic MNP
Cu 7: (0,25) Cnh ca 1 hnh lp ph-ng l 2 , di AM bng:
a) 2 b) 2 6 c) 6 d) 2 2

S
S
2

A
M
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93

Cu 8: (0,25 ) Tm cc cu sai trong cc cu sau :
a) Hnh chp u l hnh c y l a gic u
b) Cc mt bn ca hnh chp u l nhng tam gic cn bng nhau.
c) Din tch ton phn ca hnh chp u bng din tch xung quanh
cng vi din tch 2 y
Cu 9: (0,25) Mt hnh chp tam gic u c 4 mt l nhng tam gic u
cnh 6 cm. Din tch ton phn ca hnh chp l:
A. 18 3 cm
2
B. 36 3 cm
2

C. 12 3 cm
2
D. 27 3 cm
2

B.Phn i s t lun ( 3 im )

Bi 2: (1,5 im)
a) Gii bt ph-ng trnh v biu din tp nghim trn trc s:
6
1 - 2x

3
2x 1

2
1
"
+
+

)
1 1 2x 2x-1

2 3 6
2 1 2x
3 2x-1

6 6 6
3 2 4x 2x 1
4x 2x 1 5
2x 6
x 3
+
+ "
+
!" + "
!" + + "
!" "
!" "
!" "

Vy tp nghim ca bpt l x > -3

b) Tm x sao cho gi tr ca biu thc 2 - 5x kh ng ln hn gi tr ca biu thc
3.(2-x)

- tm x ta gii bpt:

2 - 5x 3.(2-x)
<=>-5x+3x 6-2
<=>-2x 4
<=>x 2
e
e
e
u

Vy gi tr ca biu thc 2 - 5x kh ng ln hn gi tr ca biu thc 3 (2 - x )
th x 2 u

6
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94

Bi 3: (1,5 im)
Gii ph-ng trnh : 3 x = - 3x +15

- Nu x - 3 0 x 3 th:
x-3 = - 3x +15
<=> x-3 = -3x+15
<=>x+3x=15+3
<=>4x=18
<=>x=4,5
u !" u
0,75
Do x = 4,5 tho mn /K => nhn
Vy pt c 1 nghim l: x = 4,5
D. Phn hnh hct lun (3im)

Bi 1: 1,5 im:

Mt hnh lng tr ng c y l 1 tam gic vu ng, chiu cao lng tr l 7
cm. di 2 cnh gc vu ng ca y l 3 cm; 4cm
Hy tnh :
a) Din tch mt y
b) Din tch xung quanh
c) Th tch lng tr

- Sy =
2
1
.3.4 6(cm )
2
!
- Cnh huyn ca y =
2 2
3 4 25 5(cm) + ! ! .
=> Sxq = 2p.h = (3 + 4 + 5 ). 7 = 84 (cm
2
).
- V = Sy . h = 6 . 7 = 42 (cm
3
)

Bi 4 : 1,5 im:
Cho hnh thang cn ABCD : AB // DC v AB < DC, -ng cho BD vu ng gc vi
cnh bn BC. V -ng cao BH.
a) Chng minh : BDC HBC.
b) Cho BC = 15 cm ; DC = 25 cm. Tnh HC, HD
c) Tnh din tch hnh thang ABCD

V hnh chnh xc: 0,25 A B

D K H C

- Nu x - 3 0 x 3 th:
x-3 = - 3x +15
<=> -(x-3) = -3x+15
<=>-x+3=-3x+15
<=>2x=12
<=>x=6
!"
0,75
Do x = 6 kh ng tho mn /K => loi
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95

a) Tam gic vg BDC v tam gic vg HBC c :
gc C chung => 2 tam gic ng dng

b) Tam gic BDC ng dng tam gic HBC
=>
BC
DC
HC
BC
! => HC = ) cm
DC
BC
9
2
! . HD = DC HC = 25 9 = 16 (cm)
c) Xt tam gic vg BHC c :
BH
2
= BC
2
HC
2
(Pitago)
BH
2
= 15
2
9
2
= 144 => 12 (cm)
H AK 1 DC => vgBCH vgADK ( ! (
=> DK = CH = 9 (cm)
=> KH = 16 9 = 7 (cm)
=> AB = KH = 7 (cm)
S ABCD =
) )
)
2
192
2
25 . 25 7
2
cm
BH DC AB
!
+
!
+

Dng 6: Ton nng cao
Bi1/ Cho biu thc : + ! )
433
1
2 .(
229
3
M
433 . 229
4
433
432
.
229
1

Tnh gi tr ca M
Bi 2/ Tnh gi tr ca biu thc :

39
8
119 . 117
5
119
118
5 .
117
4
119
1
.
117
1
. 3 + ! N

Bi 3/ Tnh gi tr ca cc biu thc :
a) A=x
5
-5x
4
+5x
3
-5x
2
+5x-1 ti x= 4.
b) B = x
2006
8.x
2005
+ 8.x
2004
- ...+8x
2
-8x 5 ti x= 7.
Bi 4/a) CMR vi mi s nguyn n th : (n
2
-3n +1)(n+2) n
3
+2
chia ht cho 5.
b) CMR vi mi s nguyn n th : (6n + 1)(n+5) (3n + 5)(2n 10) chia
ht cho 2.
p n: a) Rt gn BT ta -c 5n
2
+5n chia ht cho 5
b) Rt gn BT ta -c 24n + 10 chia ht cho 2.

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Ph hiu trng

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60 xOy ! , im A nm trong gc . V im B i xng vi A qua Ox,

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