0

x
u
fluid property constant
ible, incompress an of flow Laminar

0
) ( ) (
) , ( ) (

1
]
1

x T x T
x r T x T
x
m s
s
60 10 : flow Turbulent
05 . 0 : flow Laminar
turb
,
lam
,

,
_

,
_

D
x
Re
D
x
h fd
D
h fd
10 : flow Turbulent
05 . 0 : flow Laminar
turb
,
lam
,

,
_

,
_

D
x
Pr Re
D
x
t fd
D
t fd
Hydr odynami c boundar y l ayer
Ther mal boundar y l ayer
Determine the effect of flow rate on outlet temperature
and heat rate for water flow through the tube of a
flat-plate solar collector.
KNOWN: Diameter and length of copper tubing. Temperature of
Collector plate to which tubing is soldered. Water inlet temperature
And flow rate.
FIND: Water outlet temperature and heat rate for
ASSUMPTIONS:
1) Straight tube with smooth surface,
2) Negligible kinetic/potential energy and flow work changes,
3) Negligible thermal resistance between plate and tube inner surface
4)
PROPERTIES: Table A.6, water (assume
Table A.6 water
kg/s 01 . 0 m&
2300 Re
,

c D
3.77 Pr K, W/m 640 . 0
, s/m N 10 577 K, J/kg 4180
, kg/m 986 : ) 5 . 320 5 . 47 2 / ) (
2 6 -
3
,


+
k
c
K C T T T
p
s i m m

2 -6
s/m N 10 00 4 : ) 343 (
s s
K T
ANALYSIS: for kg/s 01 . 0 m
&
( ) , 2200 / 4 Re D m
D
&
in which case the flow may be assumed to be laminar.
( )
( ) W 1519 ) 25 3 . 61 ( 4186 01 . 0
C 3 . 61 ) ( 194 . 0 T T
4186 01 . 0
273 8 01 . 0
exp exp
8.41b, Eq. From
K W/m 273 01 . 0 / 64 . 0 27 . 4 u N (k/D) h
27 . 4
/
Pr Re
86 . 1 u N
t coefficien average the compute to used be
may 8.57 Eq. therefore , 05 . 1 / With
length. tube the of 50% ely approximat
over developed fully is flow the , 800 / and
415 77 . 3 2200 05 . 0 Pr Re 5 . 0 / With
i m, o m,
i m, s s o m,
i m, s
o m, s
2
D
14 . 0
3 / 1
D
14 . 0
,

,
_

,
_

,
_

,
_

T T c m q
T T
h
c m
DL
T T
T T
D L
D L
D x
p
p
s
D
s
D t fd
&
&