Rachelle C. Felicidario Lesson Plan is a written guide for trainers plans in order to achieve the intended learning outcomes.

It provides specific definition and direction on learning objectives, equipment, instructional media material requirements, and conduct of the training. A lesson plan is a teacher's detailed description of the course of instruction for an individual lesson. A daily lesson plan is developed by a teacher to guide class instruction. The detail of the plan will vary depending on the preference of the teacher and subject being covered. There may be requirements mandated by the school system regarding the plan. Today lessons are means by acquiring desirable habits, attitudes and skills that will lead to the social and personal evelopment of the individual. It helps the teacher to know what to do in a class (prepared by themselves) with quite specific activities. Careful lesson planning can help to insure the successful running of your courses. Incorporating best practices in teaching and learning into the design process will help students meet learning objectives for your course. There are many different styles of lesson planning, but most contain similar elements, based on what is known about promoting student learning: It is appropriate to mix and match lesson planning styles as needed. Choose the style that best supports the type of learning that is going to occur in your class that day. Remember to consider these important elements for any style you choose: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Write clear and specific lesson objectives that align with course objectives Inform students of lesson objectives Promote recall of prior learning Use activities and assessments to promote learning and to meet lesson objectives Give students feedback on their progress Gauge your timing for each activity Keep a record of the materials needed to complete the lesson Incorporate student activity and interaction into the lesson Record your own reflections on the success of the class

Prerequisites Know what your students have already learned. This is usually pretty easy since you would have been teaching your own students all year long. However, there may be times when it's important to think about this. For example, if you are teaching a class to a group who has never had you before (perhaps you're a specialist on a particular subject and have been brought in to teach your area of expertise or maybe this is the first day of class), then you need to find out from the regular teacher (or the previous teacher[s]) what the students already know. Don't make assumptions about it either. You may be teaching a lesson on energy and say to the students, "as we all know, you cannot get more energy from something than you put in." However, it's possible they may not be familiar with the first law

of thermodynamics and you need to teach them what that is. Prerequisites can be useful when considering the readiness state of your students. Prerequisites allow you, and other teachers replicating your lesson plan, to factor in necessary prep activities to make sure that students can meet the lesson objectives. What must students already be able to do before this lesson? What concepts have to be mastered in advance to accomplish the lesson objectives? The parts of a lesson plan: Title The title of your lesson plan should be concise, clear, and descriptive. It should invite teachers to take a closer look at the plan. Remember that teachers may see only the title and a short abstract of your plan in a page of search results, so they need to know what to expect if they click on it. Introduction Use the introduction to tell us a little about your lesson plan. Briefly describe the instructional techniques, what students are to learn, and any activities or assessments that you think are particularly noteworthy. Learning outcomes Learning outcomes are what students are expected to learn after completing the lesson plan. Learning outcomes should be closely related to the curriculum alignment but should not simply repeat goals and objectives of the Standard Course of Study. Learning outcomes may be broader, address particular aspects of curriculum objectives, or teach the curriculum in a special context. Each learning outcome should be clearly reflected in the activities and assessed at the conclusion of the lesson. Curriculum alignment Your lesson plan must address at least one objective of a current curriculum, and it is a rare plan that addresses more than three objectives at once. If the plan is appropriate to multiple grade levels or courses, list goals and objectives for each grade level or course. Remember that all objectives you list here must be addressed in the learning outcomes, activities, and assessment. Classroom time required Classroom time required is, obviously, the amount of time a teacher will need to schedule for this lesson plan. You might specify minutes, hours, class periods, or even weeks. Consider different scheduling constraints. If youve designed your lesson for a block schedule, mention that (one block period). You might also offer a suggestion in the activities or supplemental information for breaking the plan into two traditional periods. If the plan is intended to last for several days, explain the time requirements as specifically as possible (for example, two hours over a week or three consecutive class periods). Materials needed Materials needed include resources used by both teacher and student, including books, handouts, paper and pencils, art supplies, and so on. If a specific book is needed or

recommended, provide a full citation (author, title, publisher) so that teachers can easily locate it. If you use handouts or specific materials for presentation, please make them available as separate files. If the lesson plan requires that the classroom be arranged in a particular way, mention that here.

Activities Activities explain step by step what the teacher and students will do during the lesson. They should be as specific as possible. Consider the following: If the teacher is to explain something, note key points she/he should cover. Similarly, if there is to be a discussion, note the goals for the discussion what conclusions might or should students reach? If a teacher doesnt have certain materials or is pressed for time, are there steps that can be left out? Remember that many teachers who use this plan will not share your background or experience. Are there instructional techniques you use with which your readers might not be familiar? If there are additional resources or background information you think would benefit beginning teachers, include them in the Supplemental Resources field. Assessment The assessment explains how the teacher will determine whether or to what extent students met the learning outcomes listed at the beginning of the lesson plan. It should explain the means of assessment as well as the standards by which students are to be assessed. If you use a specific test or quiz, please attach it as a separate file. If assessment is oral, explain what words, ideas, or cues the teacher can use to evaluate student understanding.

Modifications Modifications are ways a teacher could adapt this plan to teach special audiences, such as students with learning disabilities, gifted and talented children, or English language learners. It is not necessary to suggest modifications to your plan, but it is helpful to teachers with diverse classrooms. If you provide modifications: Explain what audience the modifications are intended for. List specific activities for this audience, and provide or link to any special resources needed. If possible or necessary, explain how the teacher can adapt classroom management strategies to use this plan with multiple audiences at the same time. Provide alternative assessments in the field below.

What are some benefits of using lesson plans? Using lesson plans for each class can help you: 1. Incorporate good teaching practices in every lesson 2. Efficiently prepare for the next time you offer the course. You dont have to re-invent the

wheel each semester 3. Be critically reflective in your teaching. If a class goes particularly well (or badly) make notes on your plan so you can adjust the next time as needed 4. Share teaching ideas with your colleagues How to Make a Lesson Plan: Before every class, teachers need to plan their approach to that day's lesson. Construct the lesson plan carefully to identify the topic of the presentation, the teaching method, learning outcomes and assessment techniques for the presentation. Without this lesson plan, a teacher seems disorganized and unprepared. A. Write out the specific topic you are teaching. Make sure your topic is narrow enough to fit into a single lesson. For example, rather than using the topic "Birds," use the topic "Nesting patterns of birds." The more specific you make your topic, the easier it is to plan. B. List the learning outcomes of the lesson. Be specific. Make sure that each statement finishes this sentence. "I want my students to __________." For example, "I want my students to understand the migratory patterns of birds." C. Identify the prerequisites for the lesson. If it is an introductory lesson, you might not have any. A. Decide how you wish to deliver the material. Lecturing works well for short periods of time, but studies show that most students stop listening to a lecture after about 10 minutes. If lecturing is your primary means of teaching, consider breaking you lecture with activities.

B. Determine what materials you will need for your lesson. Too many materials
overwhelm students. Also, make sure that the materials are appropriate for the students. F. Consider your assessment technique. Quizzing and testing provides some information, but there are other techniques that provide students a better learning opportunity. Think-pair-share allows students to collaborate to understand the material better. To do this, give the students a topic and allow them to answer it. Then partner students and have them discuss their responses. G. Type this lesson plan, and file it away. Many school districts require teachers to turn in lesson plans. In addition, if you need to arrange for a substitute, he will have your lesson plan to teach the material.

Lesson plans are an essential component of a successful teaching experience. These plans help ensure that all standards and materials are covered, providing a teacher and students with structure for each class day. Many schools require that teachers submit lesson plans in a specific format on a daily, weekly or monthly basis. For teachers who do not have a required format, there are a variety to choose from. Daily lesson plans may be classified as (1) detailed, (2) semidetailed, and (3) brief. Student teachers are usually given training in all three types. Detailed plan is anticipatory teaching while semidetailed is for mastery and building up confidence with such critics. Least of the above is brief plan which is the shortest and use in teaching the same subjects repeated over and over again. Five-Step Lesson Plan A five-step lesson plan is a form of daily lesson planning that includes the following components: anticipatory set, instruction, guided practice, closure or assessment and independent practice. In the anticipatory set, a teacher should list the objective of the lesson, explain how it connects to past learning and describe the purpose for what is being learned. These items should be written in a student-friendly form so the teacher can easily convey them to the students during the lesson. For the instruction section, a teacher must list how she will use direct teaching through modes such as lecturing, providing notes or showing a video, and modeling by demonstrating how to complete a process or activity. This section should also include questions or brief activities the teacher will use to check for understanding to be sure students are getting the material being presented. The third step is guided practice which asks the teacher to list any activity students will complete in the classroom with teacher or peer assistance. This is followed by the fourth step, closure or assessment, which requires an activity to help the teacher get a snapshot of what students learned that day. This section can include an exit slip, a short reflection or something more in-depth such as a quiz or a test. Independent practice is the fifth section of this format. In many cases independent practice can be completed in class; however, in the five-steps plan, independent practice is the place the teacher lists any homework assignments students will be expected to complete related to that day's lesson. Five-E Lesson Plan The five-E lesson plan format asks teachers to list components that deal with engaging, explaining, exploring, elaborating and evaluating. This lesson plan begins with a question or brief activity that hooks or engages students at the beginning of the lesson. In the second phase, the teacher lectures or provides a video, reading passage or demonstration to explain the material and its key terms. After explaining the concept, a teacher must show what activity students will complete to help them explore the material. These activities can include stations, cooperative learning groups, games, worksheets or other instructional methods. The fourth component, elaborate, can be compared to independent practice. Activities should help students apply the concept to a variety of situations. This work can be completed in class or as a homework assignment.

Each five-E lesson plan ends with an evaluation component to determine whether students have learned the material. This can come in the form of a formal, graded assessment, or students can be informally assessed with a question and answer session, exit slip or short writing prompt. Weekly Lesson Plan A weekly lesson plan is an ideal format for teachers who are covering a similar topic throughout the week. At the top of the lesson plan, teachers should list the standards, objectives and essential questions being covered that week. Under that section, each day of the week is listed with a short description of the activities for that day. At the end of the plan, a section should be included to list any assessments that will cover the week's instruction, such as a unit or chapter exam or special project. Unit Plan For teachers who do not work well with elaborate plans, a unit plan is a simple way to guide instruction. At the top of the unit plan, teachers list all of the standards and objectives covered in the unit along with the projected time-frame for the unit. Below that is a list of all activities expected to be part of the unit, followed by a list of all assessments related to the unit. Each day, a teacher presents lessons to students with that unit in mind, but since there is no specific plan laid out, there is some flexibility in what is covered each day. Inquiry-Based Lesson Plan Inquiry-based lesson plans are especially useful for the science classroom because they involve experimentation and hands-on activities that allow the teacher to be a facilitator of learning rather than an instructor. Lesson plans that are inquiry-based include very little lecture or notes. Teachers begin this type of lesson plan by listing the standards and objectives to be covered. After that should be a detailed description of any activities students are to complete during the day's lesson. Activities should not include worksheets or exams, but instead includes hands-on, problem-solving experiences through experiments, cooperative learning groups or stations. After the activity, teachers should list a variety of inquiry-based questions to ask students to promote discussion of the concepts and material covered in the activity and help further facilitate student learning.