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cultural theory and cultural forms, Routledge, London and New York, 1997

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Susan S.
Lanser, Toward a Feminist Narratology Feminisms: an Anthology of Literary Theory and Criticism, Robyn R. Warhol and Diane Price Herndl (ed), Rytgers University Press, New Brunwick, New
Jersey, 1997

11

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Spender Dale, Man Made Language, Routledge and Kegan, London 1980, . 12
, .
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Cixous lne and Clment Catherine, The Newly Born Woman, . Betsy Wing, Manchester
University Press, Manchester 1986, .115.
5

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Spender Dale, Man Made Language, Routledge and Kegan, London 1980, . 101
Kristeva Julia, The Bounded Text, Roudiez Leon S. (ed), Desire in Language, Basil Blackwell, Oxford 1984
8

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Kristeva Julia, The ounded Text, Roudiez Leon S. (ed), Desire in Language, Basil Blackwell, Oxford 1984, 49-50.

16


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17

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. Kate Millet Sexual Politics
: D. H. Lawrence, Henry Miller, Norman Mailer Jean Genet
. , Millet, Freud.
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,

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Freud . 11

Mitchell Juliet, Psychoanalysis and Feminism, Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1975 Mitchel Juliet and
Rose Jacqueline, Feminine Sexuality: Jacques Lacan and the Ecole Freudienne, Macmillan, London,
1982

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Lacan Jacques, The mirror stage Paul du Gay, Jessica Evans and Peter Redman (ed), Identity: a reader, Sage Publications, London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi, 2000, .44-50

20

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13

Showalter Elaine, A Literature of their own: British women novelists from Bront to Lessing, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1977, 14
14
Showalter Elaine, A Literature of their own: British women novelists from Bront to Lessing, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1977, 14

23

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15

Showalter Elaine, The new feminist criticism: Essays on Women, Literature, and Theory, Pantheon
Books, New York, 131
16
Moi Toril, Sexual / Textual Politics: Feminist Literary Theory, Routledge, London and New York
1985, . 78

24

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Kristeva Julia, Revolution in Poetic Language, Columbia University Press, Columbia 1984

25

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Ann Rosalind Jones, Writing the Body: Toward an Understanding of l criture fminine,
Feminist Studies, vol. 7, no. 2 (summer 1981), 247-263.
19
Conley, Verena Adermatt, Hlne Cixous: Writing the Feminine, Lincoln and London: University
of Nebraska Press 1984, . 129

26

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Cixous Hlne, The Laugh of the Medusa, Marks Elaine and Courtivron Isabelle de (eds),
trans. by Liddle Ann, New French Feminists, Harvester, Brighton 1980, . 245-264
21
Cixous Hlne, The Laugh of the Medusa, Marks Elaine and Courtivron Isabelle de (eds),
trans. by Liddle Ann, New French Feminists, Harvester, Brighton 1980, . 245-264

27

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NY 1985, 9-22

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NY 1985, 9-22

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Kristeva Julia, From One Identity to Another, Roudiez Leon S. (ed), Desire in Language, A
Semiotic Approach to Literature and Art by Julia Kristeva, Basil Blackwell, Oxford 1984, 124 147
26
Moi Toril, Sexual / Textual Politics: Feminist Literary Theory, Routledge, London and New York
1985, . 155-156.

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Kristeva Julia, From one dentity to nother, Roudiez Leon S. (ed), Desire in Language, A
Semiotic Approach to Literature and Art by Julia Kristeva, Basil Blackwell, Oxford 1984, 136
28
Roudiez Leon S. (ed), Desire in Language, A Semiotic Approach to Literature and Art by Julia
Kristeva, Basil Blackwell, Oxford 1984, 7

33

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73

Belsey Catherine and Moore Jane (ed), The Feminist Reader: Essays in Gender
and the Politics of Literary Criticism, MacMillan Press, London, 1997
Benjamin Jessica, The oedipal riddle, Paul du Gay, Jessica Evans and Peter
Redman (ed), Identity: a reader, Sage Publications, London, Thousand Oaks,
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, , . , 7/7/98
Brooks Ann, Post feminisms: Feminism, cultural theory and cultural forms, Routledge, London and New York, 1997
Bryson Valerie, , . . , , 2004
Butler Judith, Gender Trouble: Feminism and the subversion of Identity, Routledge, NY 1990
Butler Judith, Bodies that Matter: on the discursive limits of sex, Routldge, NY
and London, 1993
Cixous lne and Clment Catherine, The Newly Born Woman, . Betsy
Wing, Manchester University Press, Manchester 1986
Cixous Hlne, The Laugh of the Medusa, Marks Elaine and Courtivron
Isabelle de (eds), trans. by Liddle Ann, New French Feminists, Harvester,
Brighton 1980, . 245-264
Conley, Verena Adermatt, Hlne Cixous: Writing the Feminine, Lincoln and
London: University of Nebraska Press 1984
Derrida Jaques, Difference, Paul du Gay, Jessica Evans and Peter Redman
(ed), Identity: a reader, Sage Publications, London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi, 2000, . 87-93
Deveaux Monique, Feminism and Empowerment: A Critical Reading of Foucault, Feminist Studies, Vol. 20, No 2, Women s agency: Empowerment
and the Limits of Resistance (Summer, 1994), . 223-247
Eagleton Mary, Feminist Literary Theory: A Reader, Basil Blackwell, Oxford,
1987

74

Foucault Michel, Domain, Paul du Gay, Jessica Evans and Peter Redman
(ed), Identity: a reader, Sage Publications, London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi, 2000, . 102-107
Frye Northrop, , , Gutenberg,
1997
, , , , 1998
Gamble Sarah (ed), The Routledge Companion to Feminism and Postfeminism,
Routledge, London and NY, 2001
Irigaray Luce, This sex which is not one, trans. Catherine Porter, Cornell University Press, Ithaca , NY 1985
Jones Ann Rosalind, Writing the Body: Towards an understanding of l criture
feminine, Feminist Studies, vol. 7, no. 2 (summer 1981), 247-263
Jouve Nicole Ward, , , : , , , . , , ,
..., 1992, . 29 41
. . (.), : , . 3, , 1986
Kristeva Julia, Revolution in Poetic Language, Columbia University Press, Columbia, 1984
Levi Strauss Claude, The structural study of myth, Contemporary Literary Criticism, Longman, NY and London 1986, . 308-322
Lacan Jacques, he mirror stage, Paul du Gay, Jessica Evans and Peter
Redman (ed), Identity: a reader, Sage Publications, London, Thousand Oaks,
New Delhi, 2000, .44-50
Mitchel Juliet and Rose Jacqueline, Feminine Sexuality: Jacques Lacan and the
Ecole Freudienne, MacMillan, London 1982
Mitchell Juliet, Psychoanalysis and Feminism, Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1975
Moi Toril, Sexual / Textual Politics: Feminist Literary Theory, Routledge, London
and New York 1985
, : , . , . , . 30, (
1998), . 11-15

75

Roudiez Leon S. (ed), Desire in Language, A Semiotic Approach to Literature and

Art by Julia Kristeva, Basil Blackwell, Oxford 1984
Showalter Elaine, The new feminist criticism: Essays on Women, Literature, and
Theory, Pantheon Books, New York
Showalter Elaine, A Literature of their own: British women novelists from Bront
to Lessing, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1977
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and Theory, Pantheon Books, NY
Spender Dale, Man Made Language, Routledge and Kegan, London 1980
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2000, 353-361
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77

SUMMARY
Rea Galanaki s novel Helen or Nobody is examined through the prism of feminine criticism. Feminism declares that every literary text is reproducing a predetermined and stabilized order. This Symbolic Order is articulated in narration via
myth which functions as a system of reproducing this same Order and is based on
the co exclusion of opposites. The differentiation of gender and the definition of
feminine gender as the Other is the basic dichotomy of patriarchal society and binary logic that dominates the western rationalistic society.
Women authors react to this binary logic. Using in their narrations these same
means of Symbolic Order, the language -logos-, and the myth, undermine the connotations, disseminate the monolithic signification and in this way rewrite the feminine identity to a new context. Thus, the feminine writing, the criture feminine is proved to be the means of marking out the woman s voice and sensitivity,
because this writing is not based on the language of Patriarchal Order, but works
on the Lacan s Fantastic and Kristeva s Semiotic.
In her novel Helen, or Nobody Rea Galanaki is working on woman s writing
and in this way manages to overturn the stabilized succession of archetypes that
construct Helen s myth. She also rewrites the myth, changing its signifieds and
disordering its diachronical truth. Thus, via the transformed and refracted version
of Helen as a mythical-symbolic character, the author manages at first to perturb
the boundaries of Symbolic Order on which every myth is articulated and secondly
to declare the structural weakness and instability of rationalism, which is considered to be the foundation of western civilization.

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