bghUslf;fk;

jiyg;g[

gf;f vz;

gad; kjpg;g[fs;

njitfs;

cly;eyKk; rj;Jzt[k;

12

<

kdbtGr;rp tsh;r;rp

20

r\f tsh;r;rp

28

Mh;tk;

31

elj;ijg; gpwH;t[fs;

39

tHpfhl;Ljy;

48

m) gad; kjpg;g[fs;
bray;ghL nehf;fk; : :

(Values)

thH;f;ifia tz;zkakhf;Fjy;/ g';nfw;ghsu; j';fisg; gpw g';nfw;ghsu;fsplk; mwpKfk; bra;Jbfhs;Sjy;/

njitahd bghUl;fs; : Fwpg;ngL. tz;zf;nfhy;fs; (Sketches) neuk; bra;Kiw vy;yhg; g';nfw;ghsu;fsplKk; Fwpg;ngL kw;Wk; tz;zf;nfhy;fs; ,Ug;gij cWjp bra;at[k;/ g';nfw;ghsu;fsplk; j';fSf;Fg; gpoj;j tz;zj;jpy;; j';fspd; : 15-20 kzpj;Jspfs;

bgaiu vGjr; brhy;Yjy; ntz;Lk;/ g';nfw;ghsiuj; jh';fs; vGjpa tz;zj;jpDila Fz';fis

vGJkhW bra;a ntz;Lk;/ Fwpg;gpl;l neuj;jpw;Fs; fUj;jhsu;. g';nfw;ghsu;fs; Twpa

fUj;Jfisj; jtpu ntW rpy fUj;Jfisa[k; Tw ntz;Lk;/

Fwpg;g[ :

tz;z';fisa[k; mtw;Wf;Fhpa Fz';fisa[k; fUj;jhsh;fs; tiuglj;jpy; vGjp itj;jpUj;jy; ed;W/

nehf;fk;

g';nfw;ghsu;fSf;Fs; R\fkhdr; R{Hiy Vw;gLj;Jjy;/

neuk; njitahd bghUs;fs;

10 kzpj;Jspfs;;/

tiuglk;. tz;z tiunfhy;fs;. ehw;fhypfs;. xypg;gjpt[f; fUtp kw;Wk; njrpaj; jiyth;fspd; gl';fs;/

bra;Kiw : g';nfw;ghsu;fis tpisahl;oy; g';nfw;f itj;jy;/ g';nfw;ghsu;fs; bra;jy;/ ,iria xypgug;gp g';nfw;ghsu;fs; ehw;fhypfisr; Rw;wptUkhW brhy;Yjy;/ ,iria epWj;jptpl;L. g';nfw;ghsu;fis ehw;fhypfis nehf;fp btspna tl;lkhf epw;fr; bra;jy;/ j';fs; vjpnua[s;s ehw;fhypapy; VjhtJ ,Uf;fpwjh> vd ghu;f;fr; brhy;Yjy;/ g';nfw;ghsu;fs; jh';fs; fz;blLj;j glj;jpYs;s egiuf; Fwpj;j kjpg;g[fisf; TWjy; ntz;Lk;/ kPjKs;s g';nfw;ghsu;fs;. gl';fs; rhu;e;j TLjy; tptu';fis mspj;jy; ntz;Lk;/ midtiua[k; tFg;giwapy; tl;lkhf epw;fr;

gad; kjpg;g[fs;
bghUs;

(Values)

gad; kjpg;g[fs; xUthpd; elj;ijf;F tHpfhl;oahft[k; mtDila tpUg;g';fs;. njitfs;. cs;sd/ tpUg;gj;njh;t[fs; gad; jhd; kjpg;g[fs; Mfpatw;iwg; vd;git xUtd;

gpujpgypg;gdthft[k; R{H;epiyg;

bghUs;fspd;ghy;.

bfhz;oUf;Fk;

bjhlh;gpd;

bghUspida[k; fUj;jpida[k; mwptjhFk;/ nehf;fk; gad; R{H;epiyapy; xUtDila kjpg;g[fs; jd;id Fwpg;gpl;l Cf;Ftpj;Jf; epiyj;jj; xUthplk; gHft[k;. Fwpg;gpl;l

bfhs;st[k;

Jizg[hpfpd;wd/ tps';fr;

MSikia

jd;ika[ilajhf

bra;fpd;wd/ rKjhak;. rKjha eydpy;. mwpt[ tsh;r;rpapy; gad;kjpg;g[fs; kpFe;j bry;thf;fpidf; bfhz;oUf;fpd;wd/

mog;gilg; gad;kjpg;g[fs; (Basic Values)

1/ cly; rhh;e;j gad;kjpg;g[fs; (Physical Values) 2/ mwpjy; jpwd; gad;kjpg;g[fs; (Intellectual Values) 3/ kdbtGr;rp gad;kjpg;g[fs; (Emotional Values) 4/ cs;sk; rhh;e;j gad;kjpg;g[fs; (Psychic Values) 5/ Md;kPfk; rhh;e;j gad;kjpg;g[fs; (Spiritual Values) gad;kjpg;g[fspd; gad;fs; cz;ikapidf; bfhs;iffSf;Fk; mHfpw;Fk; r\fk; fz;lwpa[k; Mh;tj;ij cilatdhft[k;.

nfhl;ghLfSf;Fk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mspg;gtdhft[k;. jd;ikf;Fk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mspg;gtdhft[k;. mspg;gtdhft[k;.

neh;j;jpahd rhh;e;j

fhuzpfSf;F

thH;f;ifapd; mDgt';fisa[k; Fwpf;nfhs;fisa[k; gw;wpr; rpe;jpg;gjpYk;. mtw;iw eilKiwapy; gpd;gw;WtjpYk; kdepiwt[ milgtdhft[k;

xUtid cUthf;FfpwJ/ 4

Mrphpah; vd;gth; ePjpbewpfisf; fw;gpg;gth;/ ey;y mog;gil kdpj elj;ijfis khzth;fsplk; tsh;g;gth;/ ehL. rKjhak;. kjr;rhh;gw;w jd;ik gw;wpa ek;gpf;iffis

Vw;gLj;Jjy;/ ,aw;if ts';fs;. ghuk;ghpa fyhr;rhuk; Mfpatw;iwg;

ghJfhg;gjpy; cjt[gth;/ ngr;rstpy; kl;Lk; ,y;yhky; cahpa vz;z';fisa[k; tsh;g;gth;/ gad;kjpg;g[fisg; gw;wpa njliy khzth;fsplk; J}z;Lgth;/ njrpa xw;Wikia tsh;f;ft[k;. mjid nkk;gLj;jt[k; cjt[gth;/ khzth;fSf;F cahpa gad;kjpg;g[fisg; bgw ntz;oa

tha;g;g[fisa[k;/ mDgt';fisa[k; Vw;gLj;jpf; bfhLg;gth;/ gad;kjpg;g[fis cila Kd;khjphp khzth;fis cUthf;Fgth;/

gad;kjpg;g[fisg; bgWk; tHpfs;

gFj;jhuha;jy; (Analysis)** bghpnahh;. bray;fisa[k;. FHe;ijfSf;F bra;af;Toad rhpahd gw;wpa[k;. bray;fisa[k;. bra;af;Tlhjd jtwhd gw;wpa[k;

TWk;nghJ gad;kjpg;g[fs; gw;wpa mwpitg; bgWfpwhh;fs;/ vLj;Jf;fhl;L : FHe;ijfs; mth;fs; gHFk; bgw;nwhh;. Mrphpah;fs;.

ez;gh;fs; Mfpnahiu Kd;khjphpahff; bfhz;L tPl;Lr; R{Hy;. rKjhar; R{Hy;. gs;spr; R{Hy;fspypUe;J gad;kjpg;g[fisg; bgWfpwhh;fs;/

gad;kjpg;g[fs; (values)** bghpnahiu kjpj;jy; gpwUila czh;t[fSf;F kjpg;gspj;jy; njitg;gLnthUf;F cjtp g[hpjy; r\f. jj;Jt kdg;ghd;ikia tsh;j;jy; gpwUld; xj;Jg; nghjy; bghJr; brhj;Jf;fisg; ghJfhj;jy; rhiy tpjpKiwfisf; filgpoj;jy; fhye;jtwhik bghWg;g[ld; bray;gLjy; el;igg; ngqjy; rl;lj;ija[k;. tpjpKiwfisa[k; gpd;gw;Wjy; gad;kjpg;g[fis cUthf;Fk; fhuzpfs; FLk;gk; ez;gh;fs; gs;sp jfty; bjhlh;g[r; rhjdk; kjk; gad;kjpg;g[fs; gw;wp mwpa[k; Kiwfs; 1/ gad;kjpg;igg; gFj;jhuha[k; Kiw FHe;ijfs; tpisahLk; ,l';fspYk; tFg;giwfspYk; xG';fhf ele;Jbfhs;tJ gw;wp mth;fshfnt Muha;e;J bjspt[ bgWfpwhh;fs;/ Mrphpah;. khzth;fsplk; jpdKk; Fspj;J tuntz;oajd; mtrpak;

vd;d> vd;W nfl;Fk;nghJ mth;fshfnt rpe;jpj;J gad;kjpg;g[ gw;wpa tpsf;fj;ijg; bgWfpwhh;fs;/

2/gad;kjpg;g[ Muha;r;rp Kiw xU fijiaf; TWk;nghJ mjw;Fhpa ePjpf; fUj;Jf;fis

khzth;fs; nahrpj;J kjpg;g[fisg; bgWfpwhh;fs;/

ehk; Vd; czt[g;

bghUs;fspy; fyg;glk; bra;af;TlhJ> vd;w nfs;tpia nfl;Fk;nghJ khzth;fs; fyg;glj;jpdhy; Vw;gLk; jPikfis mth;fshfnt czh;e;J. fyg;glk; bra;af; TlhJ vd;w ePjpia mwpfpwhh;fs;/

3/mwpt[ rhh;e;j mqFKiw xUtd; jd;DilaJ cd;dplkpUe;J vd;W bgha; gzj;ij brhy;fpwhd;/ vLj;Jf; ,e;jr; bfhz;L NH;epiyapy; mJ eP

mtDld; nghuho me;jg; gzj;ijg; bgWthah> my;yJ fhty;Jiwapy; g[fhh; bra;thah> my;yJ cd;Dila cwtpdh;fsplk; bjhptpj;J ,e;jg; gpur;ridia jPh;f;fyhk; vd;W epidg;ghah> ,Jnghd;w nfs;tpfis Mrphpah; khzth;fsplk; nfl;Fk;nghJ FGthfr; nrh;e;J ePjpf;

fUj;Jf;fis tpilahff; TWth;/ bgWth;/

mg;nghJ mth;fs; ed;kjpg;g[fisg;

M) njitfs; **
kh!;nyhtpd; Ie;J tifahd njitg;goepiyfs;

1) caph;thH;tjw;fhd mog;gilj; njitfs; 2) ghJfhg;g[j; njitfs; 3) md;g[j; njitfs; 4) jd;kjpg;g[j; njitfs; 5) jd;dpiwt[j; njitfs;

+l;

(Root)

vd;gtuhy;

1970,y;

,e;jj;

njitfs;

VG

gofspy;

khw;wpaikf;fg;gl;ld/

jdpkdpjDk; mtDila njitfSk;

7/ jd; epiwt[j; njitfs;

6/ mHFzh;; njitfs;

5/ milt[j; njitfs;

4/ jd; kjpg;g[j; njitfs;

3/ md;g[ kw;Wk; chpikj; njitfs;

2/ ghJfhg;g[j; njitfs;

1/ caph; thH;tjw;fhd mog;gilj; njitfs;

1/ caph;thH;tjw;fhd mog;gilj; njitfs; (Physiological Needs) cyfpy; caph;thH;tjw;F czt[. jz;zPh;. ciwtplk; nghd;w

njitfs; mog;gilj; njitfshFk;/ 2/ ghJfhg;g[j; njitfs; (Safety Needs) clypay; njitfs; epiwntw;wg;gl;lt[ld; jP';F kw;Wk;

mr;RWj;jy; nghd;wtw;wpypUe;J cliyg; ghJfhj;Jf; bfhs;Sk; czh;t[ nknyh';Fk;/ ,J nghd;wit ghJfhg;g[j; njitfs; vdg;gLk;/ v/fh/ t';fpfspy; gzj;ijr; nrkpj;J itj;jy;. Ma[s; fhg;gPl;Lf;

fHfj;jpy; gzj;ijr; nrkpj;jy;/ 3/ md;g[ kw;Wk; chpikj; njitfs; (Affectional Needs) md;g[ fhl;Ljy;. xd;wpg; nghjy;. Vw;Wf; bfhs;Sjy;. mDkjpj;jy; nghd;wit md;g[j; njitfs; vdg;gLfpd;wd/ 4/ jd;kjpg;g[j; njitfs; (Self Esteem Needs) r\f m';fPfhuk;. g[fH;. Rakhpahij nghd;wit rKjhaj;jpy;

bgwf;Toa jd;kjpg;g[j; njitfshFk;/ 5/ milt[j; njitfs; (Achievement Needs) milt[j; njit vd;gJ mwpt[rhh;e;j njitahFk;/ bra;jpfspd;

\yj;njhL bjhlh;g[ bfhs;Sjy;. vij vg;gor; bra;a ntz;Lk; vd;W mwpe;jpUj;jy;. bghUs;fs;. epfH;t[fs;. FwpaPLfs; gw;wp mwpe;jpUj;jy; Mfpait milt[j; njitapy; ml';Fk;/ bjhlh;g[fisg; gw;wp mwpjy;.

bray;Kiwfis mwpjy;. gy;tif mwpt[rhh;e;j bray;fis ,izj;jy; MfpaitfSk; ,jpy; ml';Fk;/

6/ mHFzh;; njitfs; (Aesthetic Needs)

J}a;ik. mHF. neh;j;jp. fiyeak; Mfpait mHFzh;; njitfs; MFk;/ fPH:epiy mog;gilj; njitfs; epiwt[ bgwhjth;fs;. mHFzh;

njitfisg; gw;wpr; rpwpJk; rpe;jpj;Jg; ghh;g;gjpy;iy/

7/ jd;dpiwt[j; njitfs; (Self-actualization Needs)

xUtd; vt;tst[ bray;jpwd; cilatdhf ,Ue;jhYk; mjw;nfw;g mjpfgl;r tsh;r;rp bgWtijna jd;dpiwt[j; njitfs;

vd;wiHf;fpnwhk;/ jd;dhw;wy; KGikbgw cjt[k; njitfs;jhd;. midj;Jj;

njitfspYk; Kjd;ikahdit/ ,j;jifa njitfisj; jhd; kh!;nyh thpirg;gLj;jpdhh;/

mjhtJ caph; thH;tjw;fhd mog;gilj; njitfs; epiwntwpa gpd;dh;. ghJfhg;g[j; njitfs; bjhl';Ffpd;wd/ ghJfhg;g[j; njitfs;

epiwntwpa gpd;dh; md;g[ kw;Wk; Vw;g[j; njitfs; bjhl';Ffpd;wd/ md;g[ kw;Wk; Vw;g[j; njitfs; epiwntwpa gpd;dh; jd;kjpg;g[j;

njitfs; bjhl';Ffpd;wd/

jd; kjpg;gj;[ njitfs; epiwntwpa gpd;dh;

milt[j; njitfs;. mHFzh;; njitfs;. jd;dpiwt[j; njitfs; vd mLj;jLj;Jj; bjhlh;fpd;wd/

jpwk;glf; njitfSk; jpwk;glt[k;

fw;wYf;F. mila fw;f

xUtDila ntz;Lk;/ ,ayhJ/

,j;jifa

midj;Jj; fw;gtd; Mrphpah;.

g{h;j;jp

,y;yhtpl;lhy; Mifahy;

vspjhft[k;

khzth;fspilna ,j;jifaj; njitfs; midj;Jk; g{h;j;jpailtijf; fz;fhzpj;jy; ntz;Lk;/

10

bray;ghL nehf;fk;

: :

ehs;fspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;/ cly; eyk; kw;Wk; rj;Jztpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; gw;wp g';nfw;ghsu;fsplk; tpHpg;g[zu;it Vw;gLj;Jjy;/

neuk;

15

kzpj;Jspfs;/

bra;Kiw ehs;fs; kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijg; g';nfw;ghsu;fsplk; gpupj;Jf; bfhLj;J mtu;fSila Jiziaj; njof; fz;Lgpof;fr; bra;J. gpwF me;j ehspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; gw;wp tpthjpf;fr; bra;jy;/ rpy Kf;fpa ehs;fs; $dtup 30 gpg;utup 4 khu;r; 24 Vg;uy; 7 nk 19 nk 31 mf;nlhgu; 10 cyfj; bjhG neha; xHpg;g[ ehs; cyfg; g[w;Wneha; xHpg;g[ ehs; cyff; fhrneha; xHpg;g[ cyf Mnuhf;fpa ehs; ehs;

cyf ru;f;fiuneha; xHpg;g[ehs; cyfg; g[ifapiy xHpg;g[ cyf kdey ehs; ehs;

11

,) cly; eyKk; rj;Jzt[k;

(Health and Nutrition)

kf;fs;

caph;

thH

czt[.

cil.

ciwtplk;

,k;\d;Wk; clypd;

,d;wpaikahjit MFk;/ ,tw;Ws; czt[ Kjyplk; bgWfpwJ/ tsh;r;rpf;Fk; gGJgl;l jpRf;fis g[Jg;gpg;gjw;Fk;.

njitahd

btg;gj;ijj; jut[k; czt[ kpf kpf mtrpak;/ czthf mikjy; ntz;Lk;/ cly; rhptur; bray;glhJ/ tsh;r;rpf; Fiwt[k; Vw;gLk;/ cly; mspg;gjw;Fk; tsh;r;rpiaj; cjt[k; J}z;Ltjw;Fk;.

mt;tpj czt[ rj;Js;s

rj;jhd czt[ ,y;iynay; ek;Kila

rj;Jzt[f; Fiwtpdhy; cly; eykpd;ika[k;

clYf;Fr; Cl;;lr;

rf;jpia rj;Jf;fs;

czt[g;

bghUs;fis.

vd;fpnwhk;/ mit g[ujk;. kht[r; rj;J. bfhGg;g[. jhJ cg;g[fs;. ePh;. caph;r;rj;Jf;fs;
(Vitamins)

MfpaitahFk;/

,t;tidj;J

Cl;lr;rj;Jf;fSk; bfhz;l cznt rj;JzthFk;/ fPH; cs;s ml;ltiz. Cl;lr;rj;Jf;fs;. mit gad;gLk; tpjk;. mit epiwe;Js;s czt[g; bghUs;fs;. me;jr; rj;Jf;Fiwtpdhy; Vw;gLk; neha;fs; Mfpatw;iwf; fhl;LfpwJ/ Cl;lr;rj;Jf;fs; gw;wpa ml;ltiz
t/ vz; Cl;lr; rj;Jk; gad;gLk; tpjKk; czt[g; bghUs;fs; Cl;lr; rj;Jf; Fiwtpdhy; Vw;gLk; neha;fs; FHe;ijfspd; cly; tsh;r;rp kw;Wk; kd tsh;r;rpiag; ghjpf;Fk;. cly; tP';Fjy;. neha; vjph;g;g[r; rf;jp Fiwjy; nrhh;t[ epiy Vw;gLjy;. vil Fiwjy;

g[ujk; (Protein) clypd; tsh;r;rpf;F cjt[fpwJ

gUg;g[ tiffs;. jhdpa tiffs;. ghy;. Kl;il. khkprk;. nkhh;

kht[r;rj;J (Carbohydrate) clYf;F Mw;wiy mspf;fpwJ

czt[ jhdpa';fs;. fpH';F tiffs;. rh;f;fiu

12

bfhGg;g[fs; :Mw;wiy mspf;fpwJ/ Mw;wy; nrkpg;ghf tps';FfpwJ/

btz;bza;. bea;. vz;bza; tiffs;. bfhl;ilfs;. kPd;

cly; rf;jp ,He;J nrhh;t[ miljy;. vil Fiwjy; gy; tsh;r;rpapy; ghjpg;g[. vYk;g[j; nja;t[. mjpf ,uj;jg; nghf;F. nrhh;t[. jirfspy; RSf;F (m) ,Gg;g[ Cl;lf; Fiwt[. vil Fiwt[. gytPdk; Vw;gLj;Jk;

jhJ cg;g[fs;: vYk;g[. gw;fs; Kjypait cUthFtjw;Fk;. jirfs; ,a';Ftjw;Fk; gad;gLfpd;wd/ ePh; : tsh;rpij khw;wk;. fHpt[g; bghUs;fis btspnaw;Wjy; nghd;w ntiyfisr; bra;fpwJ/

cg;g[. ghy;. fly; czt[

FoePh;. czt[ tiffs;

caph;rj;Jf;fs; (Vitamins) ml;ltiz

t/ vz;/ Cl;lr; rj;Jf; Fiwtpdhy; Vw;gLk; neha;fs; khiyf;fz; neha;. tpHp btz;glyj;jpy; jpl;Lf;fs; njhd;Wjy;. fUtpHpg; glyj;jpy; g[z;fs; njhd;Wjy;. fz;ghh;it bfLjy;/ vYk;g[fs; ghjpf;fg;gl;L Kwpa[k; jd;ik (Rickets) njhd;Wjy;. gw;fs; jhkjkhf Kisj;jy;/

caph;r;rj;Jk; czt[g; bghUs;fSk;

caph;r;rj;J A vz;bza;. btz;bza;. fhul;. gg;ghspg; gHk;. fPiu tiffs;. gr;irf; fha;fwpfs;. <uy;/

caph;r;rj;J D kPd;. Kl;ilapd; k";rs; fU. btz;bza;. ghy;. ghyhil. Nhpa xsp. kPd; vz;bza;

caph;r;rj;J C g[spg;g[g; gHtiffs;. gr;irf; fha;fwpfs;

gy; <Wfspy; ,uj;jk; frpjy;. gw;fs; MLjy;/

caph;r;rj;J E KistpLk; nfhJik. fPiufs;. ghy;

kyl;Lj; jd;ik/

13

caph;r;rj;J K Kl;ilf; nfh!;. gr;irg; gl;lhzp. fPiu tiffs;

,uj;jk; tojy;

caph;r;rj;J B1 <!;l;. KGj;jhdpa';fs;. gapWfs;. <uy;

bghp bghp. euk;g[j; jsh;r;rp

caph;r;rj;J B2 <!;l;. nfhJik. Kl;il. ghy;. <uy;

tha; Xu';fspy; g[z;. btog;g[ njhd;Wjy;. fhh;dpah ghjpg;g[

caph;r;rj;J B6 <!;l;. khkprk;. bgUk;ghyhd cztpy; cs;sJ/

tha; Xu';fspy; g[z;. btog;g[ njhd;Wjy;. fhh;dpah ghjpg;g[

caph;r;rj;J B12 <uy;. gr;irf; fha;fwpfs;

Mgj;jhd ,uj;j nrhif

Mw;wy; jUk; czt[fs; gy tifahd ntiyfs; bra;tJ nghd;w gl';fisf; fhl;rpahf tiuglj;jhspy;; xl;lr;bra;J xt;bthU glKk; vij czh;j;JfpwJ vd;W nfl;L mjpy; Mw;wy; vd;w fUj;ij typa[Wj;Jjy; ntz;Lk;/ Mw;wy; jUk; czt[fs; 1) nfhJik 2) fk;g[ 3) nrhsk; 4) mhprp 5) thiHg;gHk; 6) cUisf;fpH';F 7) kf;fhr; nrhsk;

14

mjpf Mw;wy; jUk; czt[fs;

Fsph;fhyj;jpy; ekJ clYf;F btg;gj;ij epiyepWj;jpf; bfhs;s mjpf Mw;wy; njit/ clypy; cs;s mjpfg;goahd bfhGg;ig. rh;f;fiur; rj;jhf khw;w mjpf Mw;wy; njit/ rpy tifahd caph;r;rj;Jf;fis clYf;F mspf;f mjpf Mw;wy; jUk; czt[ njit (c/k;) vz;bza; bfhGg;igj; jtpu kw;w czt[fs; rf;jpiar; nrkpf;f cjt[fpd;wd/ (c/k;) njd;

15

Figure 1

fPH;f;fz;l czt[g; bghUs;fs; mjpf Mw;wiyj; juf;Toait1) njd; 2) vz;bza; 3) fliy 4) btz;bza; 5) rh;f;fiu 6) fUk;g[

Mw;wy; cly;

Fiwthd

kw;Wk;

rj;Jf;

Fiwthd

czt[g;bghUs;fs; bfhLf;Fk;/ njhy;

jsh;r;rpiaa[k; KJikahd

njhw;wj;ija[k;

RU';fpf; fhzg;gLtJld; twl;rpahft[k; ,Uf;Fk;/

cly; tsh;r;rpf;fhd czt[ xUth; fdkhd bghUisj; J}f;Ftjhf xU glf; fhl;rp.

,d;bdhUth; fl;olk; fl;LtJ nghd;w glf; fhl;rp/ ,e;jg; gl';fs; ve;j fUj;ij typa[Wj;Jfpd;wd vd;gijf; nfl;L cly; tsh;r;rp vd;w fUj;ij typa[Wj;Jjy;/ 16

 ,e;j czt[fs; cly; tsh;r;rpiaj; J}z;Ltjhf mikfpd;wd/ cly; tsh;r;rpf;fhd czt[fs;: ghy; jha;g;ghy; kPd; Kl;il ,iwr;rp gUg;g[ tiffs; Kisfl;oa gaW tiffs;

Figure 2

17

,e;j tifahd czt[g; gw;whf; Fiwahy; clypy; mjpfg;goahd ePh; nj';fp Vw;gLk;/ tpLk;/ fhy; tPf;fk;. bjhg;ig tapW nghd;w FiwghLfs;

18

gH';fspd; gad;fs;
neha;fs; / FiwghLfs;
cly; nrhh;t[ kd cisr;ry; kd mGj;jk; m$Puzk; neha; vjph;g;g[ rf;jp er;Rj;jd;ik fy;yPuy; Rj;jk; njhy; kpDkpDg;g[

ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gLk; gH';fs; / fha;fwpfs;

Mg;gps;. Mu";R. nful; Mg;gps;. md;dhrpg; gHk;. g[jpdh. vYkpr;ir jf;fhsp. fhul; Mg;gps;. ,";rp. fhul; Mg;gps;. fhul;. vYkpr;ir. ,";rp. g{z;L Mg;gps;. jpuhl;ir. jh;g{rzp. ,";rp md;dhrp. fhul;. gPl;+l;. vYkpr;ir Flkpsfha;. fhul;

neha;fSk; mit tuhky; jLf;Fk; czt[ tiffSk;

neha;fs; / FiwghLfs;
\l;Ltyp kyr;rpf;fy; M!;Jkh rpWePuff; nfhshW cah; ,uj;j mGj;jk; Fiwe;j ,uj;j mGj;jk; ,uj;jr; Rj;jpfhpg;g[ rsp Fly;neha; ,uj;j nrhif rPjngjp gpj;jf;fy; gpj;jg;ig fha;r;ry; tha[j;bjhy;iy ,jak; rk;ge;jkhdJ k";rs; fhkhiy fy;yPuy; ghjpg;g[ Mg;gps; jpuhl;ir gg;ghsp. fhul; khJis vYkpr;ir. jpuhl;ir. fhul; kpsfha;. g{z;L jf;fhsp bey;ypf;fha; nj';fha;g;ghy;. fhul; nghpr;ir. jpuhl;ir. fPiu tiffs; fhul;. khJis gPl;+l; fhul;. gPl;+l;. bts;shp khJis. jpuhl;ir nj';fha;g;ghy;. fhul; fhul;. md;dhrpa[ld; njd;. fPHhbey;yp md;dhrp. fhul;. gPl;+l;. bts;shp neha;fs; tuhky; jLf;Fk; czt[ tiffs;

19

ghJfhg;g[ jUk; czt[fs; :ghy;. fPiufs;. jha;g;ghy;. fhspgpsth;. nfhHpf;fwp. jf;fhsp. Kl;il. kPd;. fhul;. Kl;ilf;nfh!;. KU';iff;fha;.

g{rzpf;fha;.

fliyg;gUg;g[. vYkpr;ir. gg;ghsp. khk;gHk;. bey;ypf;fha; nghd;wit/

,t;tifahd czt[fs; cly; tsh;r;rpf;Fk; cjtpbra;fpd;wd/

rhptpfpj czt[ :ekJ cly;epiyia Mnuhf;fpakhf itj;Jf; bfhs;tjw;F rhptpfpj czt[ kpft[k; mtrpak;/ nkw;fz;l ehd;F tifahd czt[g;

bghUs;fSk; fye;jnj rhptpfpj czthFk;/

20

<) kdbtGr;rp tsu;r;rp

bray;ghL nehf;fk;
:

kdbtGr;rpapd;; tiffis mwpjy;/ Mrpupau;fspilna khztu;fspd; czu;t[fs; Fwpj;J tpHpg;g[zu;t[ Vw;gLj;Jjy;/

neuk;

15 kzpj;Jspfs;

bra;Kiw

gy;ntW

kdbtGr;rpfspd;

bgah;fs;

vGjg;gl;l

fhfpjj;

Jz;Lfisg; g';nfw;ghsu;fSf;F tH';Fjy; ntz;Lk;/ me;j fhfpjj; Jz;Lfspy; cs;s kdbtGr;rpfspd;

tiffSf;nfw;g FG mikj;jy; ntz;Lk;/ gpwF fhfpjj; g';nfw;ghsu;fs; Jz;oy; FGtpy; mtu;fspd; ifapy; cs;s gw;wpf;

vGjg;gl;Ls;s

czu;r;rpfs;

fye;JiuahLjy; ntz;Lk;/ FGtpy; xUtu; Kd;te;J me;j czu;r;rpapid eog;ghf btspg;gLj;Jjy; ntz;Lk;/ kw;wtu;fs; fz;lwpe;J

mth; btspg;gLj;jpa czu;r;rpapid

Tw ntz;Lk;/ gpwF mijg; gw;wp tpthjpj;jy; ntz;Lk;/

21

kdbtGr;rpfs;;

(Emotions);

22

kdbtGr;rp tsh;r;rp
Fkug;gUtj;jpdh;

(Emotional Development)

vg;bghGJk;

kfpH;r;rpahf

,Uf;f

tpUk;g[th;/

,th;fs; gps;isg; gUtj;jpw;Fk; Kjph;gUtj;jpw;Fk; ,ilg;gl;lth;fs;/ rpyntisfspy; vhpr;rYk;. fpsh;r;rpa[k; mile;J. czh;r;rp kw;Wk;

kdbtGr;rpiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;j rpukg;gLth;/ rpy neu';fspy; rphpg;gJk;. gy neu';fspy; fz;zPh; tpLtJk; ,th;fsJ ,ay;ghFk;/ ,th;fspd;

czh;r;rpfs; epiyaw;wit/

bgUk;ghYk; Fkug;gUtj;jpdhpd; czh;r;rp.

glglg;g[. gak;. Mty; nghd;wit fhuzkw;wjhft[k; mh;j;jkw;wjhft[k; ,Uf;Fk;/ ,isnahhplk; fw;gidj; jpwDk; g[hpe;J bfhs;Sk; jpwDk;

mth;fSila kdbtGr;rpapd; fhuzkhf btspg;gLfpd;wd/ kdbtGr;rpapd;nghJ clypy; Vw;gLk; khw;w';fs; clypay; khw;w';fs; mof;fo czh;r;rptrg;gLjy; jdpj;jd;ikia btspg;gLj;Jjy; epiyaw;w kdbtGr;rpfs; cly; gUkdpy; khw;w';fs; elj;ij khw;w';fs;

kdbtGr;rpapd; kjpg;gPLfs; jhd; mjpfk;; tpUk;g[k; bghUs;fisg; bgw Mty;/ ghJfhg;g[zh;t[k; Rakjpg;gPLk; jd;id btspg;gLj;jpf; bfhs;Sk; tha;g;g[fisg; gad;gLj;Jjy; Ra fl;Lg;ghL kfpH;r;rp jd;Dzh;t[ jd;idj;jhnd Cf;Ftpj;jy; tpUk;gj;jfhj czh;t[fis btspg;gLj;Jjy; ,aw;ifia nerpj;jy; 23

mr;rk; Qh;yhf; \d;W vd;ghh; (Horlock) ,isnahhplk; mit fhzg;gLk; mr;rj;ij cwt[.

tifahfg;

gphpj;Js;shh;/

g[wg;bghUs;.

r\f

jd;idg; gw;wpa gpur;ridfs; Mfpatw;iwr; rhh;e;jitahFk;/

ghk;g[.

eha;.

fhw;W.

g[ay;.

tprpj;jpukhd

rj;jk;.

ePh;.

beUg;g[

Mfpatw;wpdhy; Vw;gLk; mr;rk; Kjy; tifapidr; rhh;e;jJ/

gpwiur;

re;jpj;jy;.

jdpikahf

,Uj;jy;.

Tl;lj;jpypUe;J

nkilnawpg; ngRjy;. vjph;ghypdh; kpFe;j ,lj;jpy; ,Uj;jy; nghd;w r\fr; NH;epiyfspy; Vw;gLk; mr;rk; ,uz;lhtJ tifahFk;/

tWik.

,wg;g[.

neha;.

bghJkf;fspilna

kjpg;g[.

ntiy

fpilj;jy;. tPhpak; nghjhepiy nghd;w jd;idr; rhh;e;j gpur;ridfspd; mr;rk; \d;whk; tifapidr; rhUk;/

24

ftiy ftiy bgUk;ghYk; fw;gid bra;Jbfhz;l fhuz';fspdhy; mg;gof; fw;gid epidj;Jg; ghh;j;J

Vw;gLk; xU tif gak; vd;W Qh;yhf; fUJfpd;whh;/ bra;j NH;epiyiaj; jpUk;gj; jpUk;g kdjpy;

FHg;gkiltJ ftiyapd; Kf;fpag; gz;ghFk;/

rpy ntisfspy; fle;j

fhy epfH;r;rpfs; jpUg;jpfukhf ,y;yhjnghJk;. xU braiyr; bra;tjpy; njhd;Wfpd;w MtYk; vjph;fhyk; gw;wpa vjph;ghh;g;g[k; ftiyiaj; ftiy.

njhw;Wtpf;fyhk;/

,jidj; jtpg;g[ (Anxiety) vdf; Fwpg;gplyhk;/

mr;rj;ijg; nghd;W mt;tst[ mGj;jKs;sjha; ,y;yhtpoDk;. mr;rj;jpd; jd;ikfisg; bgUk;ghYk; bgw;Ws;sJ/ ftiy. thH;f;ifapd; vy;yhg;

gUt';fspYk; Vw;glyhk;/ vdpDk;. Fkug; gUtj;jpy;jhd; bgUk;ghYk; ftiy mjpfstpy; fhzg;gLfpwJ/

Mh;tk;

,isnahh; jk;ikg; gw;wpa[k;. jkJ NH;epiyiag; gw;wpa[k; mwpa Mty; bfhs;th;/ gy;ntW tpjkhd kf;fSs; Kjpnahh;. eLj;ju tajpdh;. ehk;

,isnahh; ,th;fspd; eil. cil. ghtidfspy; Mh;tk; fhl;Lth;/

TWk; gjpy;fs; mth;fSf;Fj; jpUg;jp mspf;fhtpl;lhy; nfs;tpfisj; bjhlh;e;J nfl;gh;/

25

nfhgk; ,isnahh; TWjy; fL";brhw;fisf; \yk; bfhz;L jpl;Ljy;. VRjy;. Fiw

nghd;wit

rpdbtGr;rpiaa[k;. r\fk; rhh;e;j

vjph;g;gpida[k; fhuzpfshy; epahakw;w

btspg;gLj;Jth;/ Fkug;gUtj;jpy; Kiwapy; mgfhpj;Jf;

bgUk;ghYk; rpdk; Vw;gLfpwJ/ cld;

rPz;lg;gLjy;. gpwe;jth;fs;

gpwuhy;

elj;jg;gLjy;. bfhs;sy;.

j';fs;

bghUs;fis gpwuhy; rpdj;ij

fL";brhw;fshy; gs;sp

jpl;lg;gLjy;. khzth;fSf;Fr;

mlf;fpahsg;gLjy; cz;lhf;Ffpd;wd/

nghd;wit

bghwhik bghwhik vd;gJ rpdk;. mr;rk;. md;g[. ,Hg;g[ Mfpaitfspd; xU';fpize;j xU kdbtGr;rpahFk;/ bghwhik vd;gJ kdpjh;fsplk;

mth;fSf;F vjpuhfj; njhd;Wk; kdbtGr;rpahFk;/

vjph;ghyhhpy;

xU

Fwpg;gpl;l

jdp

egh;kPJ

mf;fiw ,e;j egh;kPJ

bfhs;Sk;nghJ. bghwhik mjd; cr;rf;fl;lj;ij milfpwJ/ kdepiy gpd;dhy; tsh;e;J. bghwhikg;gLfpd;w me;j

btWg;g[zh;ita[k;. tpnuhjj;ija[k; Vw;gLj;Jtjhf mikfpwJ/ kfpH;r;rpa[k;. fspg;g[k; Fkug;gUtj;jpdh; mila[k; kfpH;r;rpa[k;. mjd; jd;ika[k; mjid btspapLfpd;w Kiwa[k; taJf;nfw;g khWgLtdthff; fhzg;gLfpd;wd/ ,isnahh; Jg;gwpa[k; fijfisa[k;. rphpg;g[j; Jqf;Ffisa[k; gog;gjpy; kfpH;r;rpailfpd;wdh;/ kfpH;r;rpia btspg;gLj;Jfpd;w jd;ikapy;

jdpahs; ntWghLfs; btFthf ,y;iy/ Mz;;fs; rj;jkhfr; rphpf;ifapy;. bgz;fs; bkJthf bky;ypa xypapy; rphpg;ghh;fs;/ xU rpyh;

clk;bgy;yhk; FY';Fk;go rphpg;ghh;fs;/ xU braiyr; bra;J Koj;njhk; vd;W kfpH;th;/ jhd; epidj;j Fwpf;nfhis mile;J tpl;lij

kfpH;r;rpahf btspg;gLj;Jth;/ 26

kdbtGr;rpf; fl;Lg;ghL kdbtGr;rpiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;JtJ vd;gJ ,lk;. bghUs;. fhyk; mwpe;J ve;jj; jd;ikapy; ve;j mstpy;. ve;j nehf;fj;jpy; mitfis btspg;gLj;JtJ vd;gij mwptjhFk;/ FLk;gj;jpy; cly;epiyiag; rhjfkhd NH;epiyapy; gs;sp tsh;jy;. Mnuhf;fpakhd fy;Y}hp

bgw;wpUj;jy;.

thH;f;ifapYk;.

thH;f;ifapYk; gpwUld; ,ad;w mstpw;F kfpH;r;rpfukhd bjhlh;gpid Vw;gLj;jpf; bfhs;s Kidjy; nghd;w bray;fspy;jhd; r\fg; xUtd;

kdbtGr;rpfisf; gz;ghl;Lf;

fl;Lg;gLj;jpf;

bfhs;fpwhd;/

bghUshjhu cjtyhk;/

fhuzpfSk;

mtDf;F bfhz;l

,t;tifapy; elj;ij

,g;gUtj;jpw;Fhpa Cf;fpfisa[k;

khw;w';fisf; rhptug;

,ay;gpida[k;. \yKk;

mth;fisr;

g[hpe;Jbfhs;s

itg;gjd;

td;ikahd ,ay;g[ila kdbtGr;rpfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;j tHptFf;fyhk;/ kdbtGr;rpf; fl;Lg;ghl;oidg; bgWtJ. kdbtGr;rp Kjph;r;rpapd; Xh; mwpFwpahFk;/

27

vd;idj; jiyfPHhfg; ghh;f;ft[k;

Fwpg;g[ - ,Jnghy; Kf\ofisj; jahhpj;Jf; bfhs;sy; ntz;Lk;/

28

c) r\f tsu;r;rp
bray;ghL
:

gl';fis KGikg;gLj;Jjy;.

nehf;fk;

rf g';nfw;ghsu;fspd; xj;JiHg;ig typa[Wj;Jjy;/

neuk;

10 kzpj;Jspfs;;/

bra;Kiw

g';nfw;ghsu;fis ehd;F FGf;fshfg; gpupj;jy; ntz;Lk;/ xt;bthU FGtpypUe;Jk; xUtu; Kd;te;J VjhtJ xU

glj;ij tiuaj; bjhl';Fjy; ntz;Lk;/ mjid Kothf. Twyhk;/ midthpd; xj;JiHg;gpdhy;; xU bray; KGikailfpwJ vd;gijg; g[hpa itj;jy;/ xt;bthUtuhf te;J tiue;J Koj;jy; ntz;Lk;/

g';nfw;ghsu;fs;

glk;

tiue;j

mDgtj;ijf;

29

r\f tsh;r;rp
jdp kdpjd; mtd; jd;

(Social Development)

cUthtJk;.

mtdJ

elj;ij

Kiwfs;; jGtpna

epiybgWtJk; eilbgWfpd;wJ/ Cf;Ftpf;fg;gl;nlh epWj;jg;gLfpd;wd/

rhh;e;jpUf;Fk; r\fj;jpd;

r\fj;jpidj;

jd;ikfshy; MSikj;

ghjpf;fg;gl;nlh jpwd;fs; epiy

mtdJ

vdnt ,isnahiug; gw;wp mwpa. mth;fspd; r\f

tsh;r;rpiag; gw;wp mwpe;J bfhs;s ntz;oaJ ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;/ kdpjd; FHe;ijg; gUtj;jpnyna Xustpw;Fr; r\fg;gLj;jg;gl;L. jd; rktajpdUlDk;. vjph;ghyhUlDk; vy;yhtpjkhd NH;epiyapYk; fye;J gHff; fw;Wf; jd; bfhs;fpd;whd;/ kw;w vdpDk; jd; rktaJ vg;go vjph; ele;J

ghyhhplKk;

tPl;oYs;s

\j;njhhplKk;

bfhs;tJ vd;gjid mtd; ,d;Dk; Mjyhy; ,tw;iwf; fw;Wf;

rhptuf; fw;Wf; bfhs;stpy;iy/ Fkug;gUtj;Jr; r\f

bfhs;tJjhd;

tsh;r;rpapd; Fwpf;nfhshFk;/ vtd; xUtd; jd; r\f thH;f;ifapy; rpwe;J tps';Ffpd;whndh. mika[k;/ ,isnahd; czt[. jd; FLk;gj;jpdhplkpUe;Jk; gw;wpa Rw;wj;jpdhplkpUe;Jk; xU rpy elj;ij mtDila thH;f;ifa[k; gpw;fhyj;jpy; rpwg;ghf

cil.

gHf;ftHf;f';fisg;

Kiwfis kl;Lk; fw;Wj; njWfpwhd;/

jdf;F cfe;j xU FGtpdUld; jd;id ,izj;Jf;bfhz;L mjd; thapyhfnt r\fg; gHf;f tHf;f';fs;. ele;J bfhs;Sk; Kiwfs;. gpwUld; ciuahLk; jpwd;fs; nghd;w gy r\fj; jpwikfis bgw;Wf; bfhs;fpwhd;/

30

Fkug;gUtj;jpdhpd; r\ff; FGf;fs; kdpjd; jd; FLk;gj;jpdhplkpUe;Jk;. Rw;wj;jpdhplkpUe;Jk; czt[. cil. gHf;ftHf;f';fisg; gw;wpa[k; xU rpy elj;ij Kiwfis kl;Lk; fw;fpwhd;/ gpd;dh; mtd; jdf;F cfe;j xU FGtpdUld; jd;id

,izj;Jf; bfhz;L mjd; thapyhfnt r\f gHf;f tHf;f';fs;. ele;J bfhs;Sk; Kiwfs;. gpwUld; ciuahLk; jpwd;fs; \yk; nghd;w gy

r\fj;jpwikfis

milfpd;whd;/

,tw;wpd;

,isnahh;

vjph;ghyhnuhL gHft[k;. r\f kdg;gh';Ffisa[k; gad; kjpg;g[f;fisa[k; gw;wp mwpe;J bfhs;st[k; fw;Wf;bfhs;fpwhd;/ Tl;lk; (Crowd) Fkug;gUtj;jpdhpd; Tl;lk;. bghJg;gilahd Mh;t';fs;. r\fg; bghUshjhu epiy. g[j;Jzh;t[. fth;r;rpfukhd njhw;w';fs; Mfpatw;wpd; mog;gilapy; bfhz;ljhFk;/ cl;FG (Clique) Fkug;gUtj;jpdhpd; bfhz;l bjhFg;g[fshFk;/ Tl;l';fs; bghJthf. rpW FGf;fisf; ftdj;Jld; njh;e;bjLf;fg;gl;l cWg;gpdh;fisf;

,isnahhpd; Tl;lk; ,U ghyhiua[k; bfhz;oUf;Fk;/

,r;rpW FGf;fs; cl;FGf;fs; vdg;gLk;/

mjhtJ bghJg;gilahd Mh;t';fs;. tpUg;g[ btWg;g[fs;. r\fj;juk; Mfpaitfspd; ez;gh;fisj; cl;FGthFk;/ mog;gilapy; jd;Ds; ,U ghypdj;ija[k; bfhz;l xU rhh;e;j r\f beU';fpa mikg;g[

xU';nf

cl;FGf;fs;.

bghJthf

jPtpukhd

kdbtGr;rpfspd;

mog;gilapy; xd;wpizf;fg;gl;lit/ Tl;lhspf; FG (Gang) Fkug;gUtj;jpdhpd; Tl;lhspf; Tl;lhspf; FGf;fs;;. FHe;ijg; gUtj;Jf;

FGf;fspypUe;J

ntWgl;litahFk;/

Fkug;gUtj;jpdhpd;

Tl;lhspf; FGf;fs; mth;fspd; Tl;l';fisa[k;. cl;FGf;fisa[k; tpl xUKfg;gLj;jg;gl;litahFk;/ ,it rr;rut[fs;. kd ,Wf;fk;

nghd;wtw;wpd; mog;gilapy; cz;lhtd MFk;/

31

C) Mu;tk;

bray;ghL

"hgfg;gLj;jpf; Twy;.

nehf;fk;

g';nfw;ghsu;fsplk; Mu;tj;ij Vw;gLj;Jjy; ntz;Lk;/

neuk;

15 kzpj;Jspfs;

bra;Kiw

gy

fjhghj;jpu';fs;

cs;sl';fpa

fijfisf;

Twp

gpwF

vj;jid fjhghj;jpu';fs; Twg;gl;ld vd;gija[k;. mtu;fspd; cwt[ Kiwfs; ahit vd;gija[k; Twr; bra;jy;/

32

Mh;t';fs;
g[jpu;fs;
(Puzzles)

g[jpu;-1 fPH;f;fz;l Fr;rpfis mikg;gpy; kl;Lk; cs;s 16 Fr;rpfspypUe;J 4

mfw;wp

ehd;F

Kf;nfhz';fis

cUthf;Fjy; ntz;Lk;/ g[jpu;fis tpLtpf;ff; nfl;fyhk;/

1. Sixteen sticks form eight equal triangles

Can you leave only four triangles by taking away only four sticks.

33

2. Here you see six equal squares.

MW rk rJu';fs; cs;sd/ ,jpy; 5 Fr;rpfis mfw;wp/ \d;W rJu';fs; cUthf;Fjy; ntz;Lk;/

Can you leave just three squares by taking away five sticks?

Answer for Puzzle 1;

olution to:

riangle

ricks

34

Puzzle 2:

Solution to: Sticking Away Squares

35

36

Mh;tk;

(Interest)

Xh; ,isnahhpd; Mh;tk; mtuJ Ez;zwpt[. Mzh bgz;zh vd;w ghy; ,dk;. mtuJ NH;epiy. xg;ghh; FG ,tw;wpidg;

bghWj;jjhf cs;sJ/ nkYk; FLk;gj;jpd; r\fg; bghUshjhu epiy. mtuJ MSikg; gz;g[fs; Mfpaita[k; mtdJ Mh;tj;ijg;

ghjpf;fpd;wJ/ jd;ikia

Fkug;gUtj;jpdhplk; mike;Js;s Mh;tj;jpid. mjd; xl;o. jdf;nf chpj;jhd Mh;tk;

(Personal Interest)

bghGJnghf;F Mh;tk;. r\f Mh;tk;. fy;tpapy; Mh;tk; kw;Wk; bjhHpy; Mh;tk; vd tifg;gLj;jyhk;/

1/bghGJnghf;F Mh;tk; (Interest in Recreation)** thbdhyp nfl;ly;. bjhiyf;fhl;rp ghh;j;jy;. jpiug;glk; ghh;j;jy;. ehlf';fs; ghh;j;jy;. ez;gh;fSld; ngrpf;bfhz;oUj;jy;. rhfrr;

bray;fis tpthpf;Fk; g[j;jf';fisg; goj;jy; Mfpait bghGJnghf;F Mh;tkhf Fkug;gUtj;jpdhplk; mikfpwJ/ brYj;jntz;o ,Ug;gjhy;. jdJ fy;tpapy; mjpf neuk; epfH;r;rpfSf;F mtdhy;

bghGJnghf;F

mjpf neuk; xJf;fKotjpy;iy/

nkYk; xUtdJ r\fg; bghUshjhu

epiyia xl;ona mtdJ bghGJnghf;F Mh;tk; mikfpwJ/

2/jdpg;gl;l Mh;tk; (Personal Interest) jdJ njhw;wk;. kpft[k; rpwg;ghft[k;. kw;wth;fspd; kjpg;igg; bgWk; tifapYk; ,Uf;fntz;Lk; vd;W epidg;gh;/ jkJ njhw;wj;ij xl;ona mikfpwJ r\fj;jpy; jdJ kjpg;g[ vd;w vz;zj;jpy; fhl;Lth;/ jdJ vdnt. bghypt[ld;

njhw;wj;jpw;F rpwg;ghd

kpft[k;

Kf;fpaj;JtKk; Mil mzpjy;.

Mh;tKk;

tifapy;

Kfj;njhw;wj;ijg;

itj;Jf; bfhs;Sjy; nghd;wtw;wpy; <LghL bfhs;th;/

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3/fy;tpapy; Mh;tk; (Interest in Education) Fkug;gUtj;jpdhpy; kpft[k; <LghL fhl;Lth;/ bjhlh;ghf tFg;giwf;F bgUk;ghnyhh; gs;sp rhh;e;j bray;fspy;

tPl;Lg;ghl';fisr; bra;J Koj;jy;. fy;tpj; btspna epfH;j;jg;bgWk; ghl ,izr;

bray;ghLfs;. gs;spr; Rw;Wyh nghd;wtw;wpy; tpUg;gj;Jld; <LgLth;/

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4/bjhHpy; Mh;tk; (Vocational Interest) Mz;. bgz; ,UghyUk; j';fsJ vjph;fhyk;. bjhHpy; gw;wp Mh;tk; fhl;Lth;/ Mz;fs; bgUk;ghYk; kjpg;g[kpf;f. fodkhd. jdJ

jpwikiaf; fhl;lf; Toa tifapy; mika[k; bjhHpy;fisna ehLth;/ Mdhy;. bgz;fs; kpft[k; ghJfhg;ghd. kpf vspjhfr; bra;af; Toa. clYiHg;g[ mjpfk; njitg;glhj bjhHpy;fspy; <LghL fhl;Lth;/

Fkug;gUtj;jpy; xt;bthUtUk; jdf;bfd xU bjhHpiyj; njh;e;bjLj;J mjw;fhd Maj;jg; gzpfspy; 38 <Lgl Kidg;g[ fhl;Lth;/

5/ r\f Mh;tk; (Social Interest) ,g;gUtj;jpy; r\f Kjph;r;rp Vw;gLtjd; fhuzkhf r\f

epfH;r;rpfs;. r\fr; nrit Mfpatw;wpy; Mh;tk; fhl;Lth;/

6/ tpisahl;oy; Mh;tk; (Interest in Sports)

Fkug;gUtj;jpdhpd; mghpkpjkhd cly; rf;jpapd; fhuzkhf mij Mf;fg;g{h;tkhfr; brytHpj;jpLk; nehf;fpy; gy;tif tpisahl;Lf;fspy; mth;fs; <LgLth;/ fhl;Lth;/ tpisahl;Lf; FGf;fis cUthf;fp mjpy; <LghL

xU ehspd; bgUk; gFjpia tpisahl;Lf;F xJf;Fth;/

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39

v) elj;ijg; gpwH;t[fs;
bray;ghL nehf;fk; : : xU epfH;it eoj;njh my;yJ tpsf;fpnah TWjy;/ elj;ijg; gpwH;t[fs; gw;wpa tpHpg;g[zu;it g';nfw;ghsu;fsplk; Vw;gLj;Jjy;/ neuk; : 15 kzpj;Jspfs;.

bra;Kiw g';nfw;ghsu;fsplk; fPH;f;fhqk; elj;ijg; gpwH;t[fspy; VjhtJ xd;iwj; njh;t[ bra;J. mJ rhu;e;j xU epfH;it tpsf;fpnah my;yJ eoj;Jf; fhz;gpf;fnth bra;jy; ntz;Lk;/ mjd; \yk; gpwH;t[fs; Vw;gLtJk;. mtw;wpid vt;thW rkhspg;gJ vd;gija[k; g[upar; bra;jy; ntz;Lk;/ gpothjk; mjpff; Tr;rk; gfl;L jdpj;jpUj;jy; efk; foj;jy; tpuy; Ng;g[jy; nfyp ngRjy; bgha; ngRjy;

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elj;ijg; gpwH;t[fs;

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41

elj;ijg; gpur;ridfSk; mtw;wpd; tpist[fSk;

khzth;fsplk; fhzg;gLk; elj;ijg; gpur;rpid khzth;fsplk; bghUj;jkw;w FHe;ijfsplk; tpl;Ltpl;lhy;. Vw;gLk; kdg;nghuhl;l';fspd; gpur;rpidfs; tpisthf vGk;

bray;fs;

elj;ijg;

vdg;gLfpd;wd/ fisahJ elj;ij

fhzg;gLk; khzth;fs;.

,t;tifg;

gpur;ridfisf; bewpgpwH;

gpw;fhyj;jpy;

bfhz;lth;fshf khwptpLk; Mgj;Jk; cs;sJ/ elj;ijg; gpur;rpidfSf;Fr; rpy vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs; fhuzkpy;yhky; gs;spf;F tuhkypUj;jy;. mof;fo jhkjkhf tUjy;. tPl;Lg;ghl';fis Kof;fhky; gs;spf;F tUjy;/ jpULtjpy; kfpH;r;rpa[k;. gpwiu Vkhw;Wtjpy; bgUkpjKk; bfhs;th;/ gpwh; bghUs;fisr; nrjg;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; mHpj;jy;/ rfkhzth;fSld; vg;nghJk; rz;ilapLjy;. mth;fisj; jhf;Fjy;. fpz;ly;. nfyp \yk; gaKWj;Jjy;. bfhLikg;gLj;Jjy;/ mof;fo bgha; ngRjy;

gpothjk;. mjpff; Tr;rk;. gfl;L. jdpj;jpUj;jy;. efk; foj;jy;. tpuy; Ng;g[jy;. gLf;ifapy; rpWePh; fHpj;jy; nghd;wit nkYk; rpy elj;ijg; gpur;ridfshFk;/

42

gpur;rid

fhuz';fs; 1/jz;lidapypUe;J jg;g[tjw;fhf 2/gpwh; cilikfisg; bgWtjw;fhf 3/jw;g[fH;r;rpf;fhf 4/nghl;ofspy; btw;wp bgWtjw;fhf

nghf;Fk; tHpKiwfs; 1) jd;dk;gpf;ifia tsh;j;jy;/ 2) ed;bdwpf; fijfs; TWjy;/

mjpfkhft[k;. mof;foa[k; bgha; ngRjy;

3) md;g[. ghpt[ fhl;Ljy;/ 4) bgha; TWtjhy; Vw;gLk; vjph;kiw czh;t[fis czur; bra;jy;/ 5) jdpj;jpwid Cf;Ftpj;jy;

bghUs;

elj;ijg; gpur;rida[k; mjdhy; Vw;gLk; ,ila{WfSk;

rKjhaj;jhy; elj;ijapypUe;J vd;fpnwhk;/ elj;ij Vw;Wf; tpyfpr; bfhs;sg;gLk; elj;ijia bghUj;jg;ghLila elj;ijg; gpur;rid

bry;Yk;

mwpt[

NH;epiy

khzth;fspd; JLf;Fj; jd;ik. fPH;g;goahik. fpsh;r;rp bra;jy; nghd;w elj;ij khWghLfs; gpur;rid elj;ijia njhw;Wtpf;fpd;wd/

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elj;ijg; gpur;ridfs;
gpw FHe;ijfisf; fhag;gLj;Jjy; bghUs;fisr; nrjg;gLj;Jjy;/ jfhj thh;j;ijfisg; gad;gLj;Jjy;/ vija[k; gpwUld; gfph;e;J bfhs;shik/ ftdj;ijj; jd;gf;fk; <h;j;jy;/

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gag;gLjy;/ jpULjy;/ bgha; brhy;Yjy;/ tPl;il tpl;L Xog;nghjy;/ nfhgg;gLjy;/

bghwhikg;gLjy;/ efk; foj;jy;/ gifika[zh;t[/ ftdf; Fiwt[/ 44

 fhyk; jhH:e;J gs;spf;F tUjy;. tPl;Lg;ghlk; Kof;fhjpUj;jy;/ mjpff;Tr;rk;. gfl;L. fpz;ly;. nfyp \yk; gaKWj;Jjy;/

fhuzpfs; FLk;gf; fhuzpfs;/ r\ff; fhuzpfs;/ gs;sp rhh;e;j fhuzpfs;/ gpw fhuzpfs;/

1/ FLk;gf; fhuzpfs; 1) FLk;g tWik/ 2) bgw;nwhh;fsplk; fhzg;gLk; mf;fiwapd;ik/ 3) FLk;gj;jpy; fl;Lg;ghL ,d;ik/ 4) FHe;ijfSf;fhf vy;yhtw;iwa[k; bgw;nwhh;fns bra;jy;/ 5) FHe;ijfspd; czh;r;rpf;F tha;g;gspf;fhky; ,Uj;jy;/ 6) FLk;gj;jpy; Kd;khjphpahd bgw;nwhh;fnsh. Vidnahh;fnsh

,y;yhkypUj;jy;/ 7) FLk;gj;jpy; FHe;ijapd; ghJfhg;gw;w NH;epiy epyt[jy;/

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2/ r\ff; fhuzpfs; 1) elj;ijf; nfLs;s ez;gh;fs;/ 2) jPik gaf;Fk; jpiug;glf; fhl;rpfs;/ 3) ntz;lhj gj;jphpf;ifr; bra;jpfs;/ 4) bghGJnghf;Fr; rhjd';fs; 3/ gs;sp rhh;e;j fhuzpfs; 1) gs;spf; fl;Lg;ghl;oy; FiwghL/ 2) mjpfhuj;ij Kiwahfg; gad;gLj;jhj Mrphpah;fs;/ 3) fw;wYf;Fj; bjhlh;gpy;yhj ntiyfisr; bra;a khztid

fl;lhag;gLj;Jjy;/ 4/ gpw fhuzpfs; 1/ kdg; nghuhl;l';fs;/

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Have Fear

Destroy things

46

elj;ijg; gpur;rid kw;w FHe;ijfisj; jhf;Fjy;

rhpahd fhuzk; FHg;gkhd czh;t[. nfhgk;

bra;af; Tlhjit jz;lid bfhLj;jy;. nfhgg;gLjy;

bra;af; Toait jdpj;jdpahf me;jf; FHe;ijfis miHj;Jr; bry;yy; ntz;Lk;/ mth;fspd; ftdj;ij jpir jpUg;g[jy; ntz;Lk;/ ehk; bra;af; Tlhj bray;fisg; gw;wp tpsf;Fjy; ntz;Lk;/ kPz;Lk; kfpH;r;rpa[ld; tpisahLk; NH;epiyia Vw;gLj;Jjy; ntz;Lk;/ md;ghd czh;it Vw;gLj;Jtjd; \yk; mtd; ftdj;ij jpir jpUg;g[jy; ntz;Lk;/ nrjg;gl;l bghUs;fis mg;g[wg; gLj;Jjy; ntz;Lk;/ g[jpa bghUs;;fis khw;wp itj;jy; ntz;Lk;/ bghWikahf mth;fSf;Fr; bra;af; Toa kw;Wk; bra;af; Tlhj bray;fis vLj;Jf; TWjy; ntz;Lk;/ ngRtij mikjpahf epWj;jr; bra;jy; ntz;Lk;/ ntW ey;y vJif nkhida[ld; Toa ,dpikahd thh;j;ijfis vLj;Jf; TWjy;/ mth;fSila czh;t[fis btspg;gLj;j Mnuhf;fpakhd NHiy Vw;gLj;Jjy; tpUk;gpg; gfph;e;J bfhs;sr; bra;ayhk;/ mtDila brhe;jg; bghUl;fis gfph;e;J bfhLf;Fk; mDgtj;ij Vw;gLj;jpf; bfhLj;jy;

bghUs;fisr; nrjg;gLj;Jjy;

ftdj;ij <h;f;fr; bra;jy;. Mh;tk; mjpfkhjy;. bghwhik czh;t[ eifr;Ritahf epidj;Jf; bfhs;Sjy;. kw;wth;fspd; ftdj;ij <h;j;jy;

jz;lid bfhLj;jy;. jpl;Ljy;

jfhj thh;j;ijfisg; ngRjy;

kfpH;r;rpailjy; mjph;r;rpailjy;.

jpl;Ljy;. jz;lid bfhLj;jy;

gfph;e;J bfhs;shik

gfph;e;J bfhs;tjhy; bgWk; ed;ik gw;wpa mDgtkpd;ik ghJfhg;gpd;i k. md;g[ brYj;j ahUk; ,y;iy vd;w vz;zk; Ke;ija mDgtk;. kdg; nghuhl;lk;. md;g[ brYj;j ahUk; ,y;iy vd;w kdepiy Fw;w czh;t[

gwpj;J kw;wthplk; bfhLj;jy;/ jpl;Ljy;. moj;jy; jpl;Ljy;. jz;lid bfhLj;jy;. xJf;Fjy;

ftdj;ij <h;j;jy;

gag;gLjy;

gaKWj;Jjy;

Fwpg;gpl;l mst[ ftdj;ijr; brYjJ;jy; ntz;Lk;/ mth;fspd; czh;t[fSf;F kjpg;gspj;jy; ntz;Lk;/ mth;fSld; fUj;Jfisg; gfph;e;J bfhs;Sjy; ntz;Lk;/ FHe;ijfs; gae;j NH;epiyia kfpH;r;rpahd NH;epiyahf khw;Wjy;/ cz;ikahd Mgj;J kw;Wk; ,ila{Wfs; gw;wp tpsf;Fjy;/ md;g[ brYj;jp ghJfhg;g[ czh;it Vw;gLj;Jjy;/ mth;fSila xt;bthU Kaw;rpiaa[k; ghuhl;Ljy;

47

jpULjy;

cilikfspd; chpikfisg; gw;wpa mwpahik. jpUg;jpfukw;w njitfs;

jz;oj;jy;. iftpLjy;. mst[f;fjpfkhf mwpt[iu TWjy;

cz;ikf;Fk; fw;gidahfg; ngRtjw;Fk; cs;s ntWghLfisg; g[hpe;J bfhs;sr; bra;jy;

jLf;Fk; Kiw FHe;ijfsplk; cUthfpd;wd/ bgw;nwhh;fSk; ghJfhtyh;fSk; gpd;gw;w ntz;oait 1) FHe;ijfSf;Fj; njitahd md;g[ mutizg;g[ \yk; mth;fsplk; jd;dk;gpf;ifia tsur; bra;ajy; ntz;Lk;/ 2) mth;fisa[k; rKjhaj;jpy; xUtuhf m';fPfhpj;J mth;fSila mwpt[ rhh;e;j bray;ghLfspy; gyg;gLj;jpf; bfhs;s cjt[jy; ntz;Lk;/ 3) mth;fSila chpikfSf;F khpahij bfhLg;gJld; mth;fs; mijg; g[hpe;J kw;wth;fspd; chpikiaa[k; kjpf;fr; bra;jy; ntz;Lk;/ 4) mth;fSila fw;gidj; jpwidg; bgUf;Ftjw;F cjtp bra;J. elj;ijg; gpur;ridfs; gy;ntW fhuz';fshy;

mth;fSila fw;gid tsk; btspg;gLj;Jk; tha;g;g[fis Vw;gLj;jpf; bfhLj;jy; ntz;Lk;/ 5) mth;fSila Mh;tj;ij Cf;fg;gLj;Jjy; ntz;Lk; 6) FHe;ijfspd; midj;Jj; njitfSk; fw;wy; epiwntWk; epfH;t[. NH;epiyia mDgtk;

Vw;gLj;Jk;nghJ

mth;fSila

rKjha

kfpH;r;rpfukhdjhf mika[k;/ 7) gad;kjpg;g[fis bra;jy; ntz;Lk; 8) vg;nghJk; cz;ikiag; ngr Cf;fg;gLj;Jjy; ntz;Lk; 9) thH;f;ifapd; MHj;ijg; g[hpe;J bfhs;s fiyfspd; thapyhfr; rpwe;j ghijia Vw;gLj;jpf; bfhLj;jy; ntz;Lk;/ 10) thH;f;ifapd; mh;j;jj;ijg; g[hpe;J bfhs;s ghijia Vw;gLj;jpf; bfhLj;jy; ntz;Lk;/ fiyfspd; \yk; rpwe;j mwpe;Jbfhs;s ePjp kw;Wk; tPuk; gw;wp mwpar;

48

V) tHpfhl:Ljy;
bray;ghL : nehf;fk;
:

ghj;jpunkw;W eoj;jy; tHpfhl;Ljy; gw;wpa tpHpg;g[zu;itg; g';nfw;ghsu;fsplk; Vw;gLj;Jjy;/

neuk;

15 kzpj;Jspfs;

bra;Kiw

,uz;L

khztu;fs;

xU

bghUSf;fhfr;

rz;ilapl;Lf;

bfhs;fpwhu;fs;/ mjid Mrpupau;fs; gy;ntW tHpKiwfisg; gpd;gw;wp vt;thW jPu;t[ fhqfpwhu;fs; vd;gijj;

bjspt[gLj;Jjy;/

49

tHpfhl;Ljy;
bghUs; (Meaning) ,d;W bray;fspy; gs;spfspy; xd;whf

(Guidance)

tHpfhl;Ljy;

(Guidance)

kpf

Kf;fpakhdr; vd;gJ

typa[Wj;jg;gLfpd;wJ/

tHpfhl;Ljy;

jw;nghJs;s g[jpa mqFKiwahf ,Ue;jhYk;. gz;ila fhyj;jpYk; ,Ue;jJ vd;gJ cz;ik/ kdpjh;fspy; vd;gJ rpyUf;F xUtUf;F vg;nghJk; neuoahf cjtp cjtp

njitg;gLfpd;wJ/ bra;tJ

tHpfhl;Ljy;

vd;gjd;W/

tHpfhl;Ljy;

vd;gJ

xUtUila

Fwpf;nfhis

miltjw;Ff; bfhLf;fg;gLk; bewpKiwfns tHpfhl;LjyhFk;/ tHpfhl;ly; : tiuaiwfs; (Definitions) tHpfhl;Ljy; gw;wpa tiuaiwahf btt;ntW egh;fs; gy;ntW

fUj;Jfisf; Twpa[s;sdh;/ mh;jh; b$/n$hd;;!; (Arthur J.Jones) vd;gthpd; Tw;Wg;go Mw;wiy tHpfhl;Ljy; kjpg;gply;. vd;gJ "xUtDila njit. ,ay;ghd tsh;j;jy;

thH;f;ifapd;

,yf;Ffis

nghd;witfSf;F cjt[fpd;wd/ ,e;j ,yf;Ffis miltjpy; jpl;lk; cUthf;fy;. jdpg;gl;l mjd; tHpna ,t;tpyf;Ffis rKjhak; miljy; tpUk;gf; nghd;wit Toajhft[k;

jpUg;jpia

mspg;gnjhL

tHpfhl;Ljy; cjt[fpd;wJ vdf; TWfpwhh;/ tHpfhl;ly; tiffs; (Types of Guidance) tHpfhl;lypy; \d;W tiffs; cs;sd/ mit : 1. fy;tp tHpfhl;Ljy; (Educational Guidance) fPH;f;fz;l gpur;ridfis vjph;nehf;Fk; bghGbjy;yhk; fy;tp

tHpfhl;Ljypd; njit mtrpakhfpwJ/ mit gy;ntW Jiwfs; kw;Wk; ghl';fspypUe;J xd;W my;yJ mjw;F nkw;gl;l ghl';fis khztd; njh;t[ bra;a[k; bghGJ/ bjhlh;e;J bghJthd fy;tpiaf; fw;gjh my;yJ bjhHpy; rhh;e;j fy;tpiaj; njh;t[ bra;tjh vd;gij Kot[ bra;a[k; bghGJ/

50

 khztd; jd; vjph;fhyj;jpw;Fj; jpl;lkpLk; bghGJ/ gs;spg; ghl';fspy; mtDila milt[ Fiwfpd;w bghGJ/ nkYk; tpUk;gj;jfhj elj;ijfs; my;yJ ,zf;fkhd gy;ntW gpur;ridfis vjph;nehf;Fk; bghGJ/

2/

bjhHpy; tHpfhl;Ljy; (Vocational Guidance) fPH;f;fz;l gpur;ridfis vjph;nehf;Fk; bghGbjy;yhk; bjhHpy;

tHpfhl;Ljy; njitg;gLfpd;wJ/ mit : 1/ 2/ bjhHpiyj; njh;e;bjLg;gjpy;/// ghJfhg;ghd jahh;gLj;Jjypy;/// 3/ ntiyapy; xj;Jg;nghjy; kw;Wk; mjpy; tsh;r;rpia kw;Wk; njh;e;bjLj;j bjhHpYf;F

Vw;gLj;Jjypy;////

3/

jdpahs; kw;Wk; rKjha tHpfhl;Ljy; (Personal Social Guidance) xUthpd; kdbtGr;rp jdpahfj; rKjha. jPh;g;gjw;F ePjpbewp cjt[k; kw;Wk; xG';Fg; jdpg;gl;l bjhHpy;

gpur;ridfisj; rKjha

tifapy; kw;Wk;

tHpfhl;ly;

tiuaWf;fg;gLfpd;wJ/

fy;tp

tHpfhl;LjYf;F cjt[tjw;F kl;Lkpd;wp thH;f;ifapYs;s gpur;ridfs; vy;yhtw;iwa[k; jPh;g;gjw;F cjt[fpwJ/ mjhtJ jdpg;gl;l tHpfhl;Ljy; jdpkdpjdpd; cly;. kdbtGr;rp. xGf;fk; kw;Wk; Md;kpf tsh;r;rpf;Fk;. tPL gs;sp kw;Wk; rKjhaj;njhL ,zf;fkhd Kiwapy; ele;J

bfhs;tjw;Fk; cjt[fpd;wJ/

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