- 23 -

ts;syhh; bgw;w kuzkpyhg; bgU thH;t[

Kd;g[ njhd;wpa mUshsh;fs; ,iwtdplk; kPz;Lk;

gpwthik ntz;Lk; vd;W ntz;odhh;fs;/ jhd; kl;Lkpd;wp

kdpjuha;j; njhd;wpa xt;bthUtUk; kuzkpyhg; bgUthH;itg; bgw

ntz;Lk; vd;W ts;syhh; Twpdhh;fs;/ Kd;ida mUshsh;fs;

Twpajw;Fk; ts;syhh; Twpajw;Fk; khWghL cz;lh> ,y;iy

vd;gnj gjpy; vt;thbwdpy; ahuhapUe;jhYk; ,e;jj; njfj;jpypUe;J

$Ptd; gphpa[khdhy; bra;jtpidf; nfw;g me;j $PtdhdJ mLj;j

gpwtp vLj;nj jPUk;/ $Ptd; jdpj;J ,a';fhJ/ vdnt ,we;jhy;

gpwtp vlj;nj Mf ntz;Lk;/ gpwthik ntz;Lkhdhy; ,wthik

ntz;Lk;/ ,wthik bgw;nwhh; ahnuh mtnu kPz;Lk; gpwthh;/

Kd;ndhh; Twpa gpwthikf;F tHp ,wthikna/ ,ijj;jhd;

ts;syhh; kuzkpyhg; bgU thH;t[ vd;W vLj;Jf; fhl;odhh;/

,Jtiu njhd;wpa "hdpfs;. nahfpfs;. klhjpgjpfs;.

gf;jh;fs;. bfhil ts;sy;fs;. kd;dh;fs; kw;Wk; nguwpthsh;fs;

nghd;nwhUk; vd;whtJ xU ehs; khz;L nghtijf; fz;L tUk;

cyf kf;fs; kuzkpyhg; bgU thH;itna ek;g khl;lhh;fs; vd;gij

ts;syhUk; mwpthh;/ mjdhy;jhd; kuzkpyhg; bgUthH;tpy;

thH;e;jplyhk; fz;oOh; vd;W Twpat[ld; g[ide;Jiunad; bgha;

g[fnyd; rj;jpak; brhy;fpd;nwd; vd;Wk; Twpdhh;/

njhd;wpaJ kiwa[k; ? gpwe;jJ ,wf;Fk; vd;W TWth;/

ts;syhh; xUth; kl;Lk; ,jid kWg;gJnghy; ek;ikg; ghh;j;J

@fpilj;j ,e;jj; njfj;ijna epj;jpa njfkhf;fpf; bfhz;L

vf;fhyj;Jk; vjdhYk; jilglhj xg;gw;w nghpd;gg; bgUthH;itg;

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 - 24 -

bgw;W thH;jny Md;kyhgk;@ vd;W mwpt[Wj;jpdhh;/ vJt[k; ngRtJ

vspJ/ miltJ fodk;/ kuzkpyhg; bgU thH;t[ mila ntz;Lk;/

vd;W nghjpj;j ts;syhh; mile;jhuh>

Mk;/ jhd; kuzkpyhg; bgUthH;itg; bgw;wijg; gyg;gyg;

ghf;fspny giw rhw;Wfpd;whh;/

MLfpd;w nrtof;nf Mshndd; khshj ahf;if bgw;nwd;

TLfpd;w rd;khh;f;f r';fj;nj eLtpUe;J Fyht[fpd;nwd;

ghLfpd;nwd; ve;ijgpuhd; gjg;g[fiHg; ghog; gho

ePLfpd;nwd; ,d;gf; Tj;jhLfpd;nwd; vz;zbkyhk; epuk;gpndnd

(5445)

nehthJ nehd;g[ vidg; nghy; nehw;wtUk; v";"hd;Wk;

rhth tuk; vidg;nghy; rhh;e;jtUk; njth epd;

nguUis vd;nghyg; bgw;wtUk; vt;t[yfpy;

ahUsh; eP rw;nw miw

(5624)

g";r g{j';fs; kl;Lkpd;wp. gpzpahny bfhiyf; fUtpahny

kl;Lkpd;wp vjdhYk; mHpahj njfk; bgw;nwd; vd;fpd;whh;/

fhw;whny g[tpahny ffdkjdhny fdyhny g[dyhny fjpuhjpahny

Tw;whny gpzpahny bfhiyf; fUtpahny nfhshny gpwtpaw;W';

bfhL";bray;fshny

ntw;whny v";"hd;Wk; mHpahnj tps';Fk; bka;aspf;f

ntz;Lbkd;nwd; tpiue;jspj;jhbddf;nf

Vw;whny ,Hpbtd ePh; epidahjPh; cyfPh; ve;ij

mUl;bgU";n$hjp ,iwtidr; rhh;tPnu/

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 - 25 -

,j;Jld; epy;yhJ gpwtp vd;fpd;w rl;lj;ijna fpHpj;J

tpl;nld; Jf;fj;ijj; Jwe;njd; rhita[k; nehita[k; jtph;e;njd;

vdf;fpJ nghJk; vd;w kd epiwit btspg;gLj;Jfpd;whh;/

fl;lKk; fHd;nwd; ftiy tpl;blhHpe;njd;

fyf;fKk; jPh;e;jdd; gpwtpr;

rl;lKk; fpHpj;njd; J}f;fKk; Jwe;njd;

rhita[k; nehita[k; jtph;e;njd;

rpl;lKkile;njd; rpw;riga[ilahd; bry;t

bka;g;gps;is vd;bwhU ngh;g;

gl;lKe; jhpj;njd; vdf;fpJ nghJk;

gz;zpa jtk; gypj;jJnt/

(4736)

ts;syhh; kuzkpyhg; bgUthH;t[ bgw;whh; vd;gjw;F ,e;j

xU ghl;nl nghJnk! v";"hd;Wk; rhth tuk; vidg; nghy; rhh;e;jth;

vt;t[yfpy; ahh; csh; rw;nw miw vd;W ,iwtdplnk nfl;fpd;w

cWjp mth; bgw;w bgUthH;itg; ngRfpd;wnj/

mth; ghf;fs; kl;Lk; nghJkh> ntW rhd;Wfs; VnjDk;

cz;lh vd;W rpyh; tpdtyhk;> ts;syhhpd; tuyhw;iw ed;F Ma;t[

bra;jhy; mwptJ vd;dbtdpy; Kd;djhfnt jhnd ed;F

jpl;lkpl;Lf; bfhz;L 1874k; Mz;L $dthpj; jp';fs; 30k; ehs;

bts;spf; fpHik eLeprp 12 kzp mstpy; jd; md;gh;fl;F ntz;oa

rkhjhdk; Twpagpd; gyh; Kd;dpiyapy; nkl;Lf;Fg;gk; fpuhkj;jpy;

rpj;jptshfk; vd;w Foypy; Xh; miwapDs; EiHe;J btspf;

fjitg; g{l;of; bfhs;Sk;go md;gh;fl;Ff; fl;lisapl;Lj; jd;

miwf; fjit cl;gf;fk; jhspl;Lf; bfhz;lhh;. vd;gJk; gpd;dh;;

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 - 26 -

murh';f mjpfhhpfs; me;jf; fjitj; jpwe;J ghh;j;jnghJ mJ

btWk; miwahf ,Ue;jJ vd;gJk; MFk;/ mth; miwapDs;ns

EiHa[Kd; Twpa thrf';fisa[k; md;gh;fs; Fwpj;J itj;Js;sdh;/

ts;syhuJ njfk; kw;iwah; clk;g[ nghy; kz;zpy; rkhjp

itf;fnth beUg;gpy; jfpf;fnth ahUf;Fk; fpl;lhJ Cdf;

fz;fSf;Fj; njhd;whJ kiwe;J cs;sjhFk;/

1874 $dthp 30k; ehs; ts;syhh; nkl;Lf;Fg;gj;jpy;

gyuwpaj; jpUf;fhg;gpl;Lf; bfhz;lij midtUk; mwpth;/ Mdhy;

mjw;F Kd;ng 1870k; Mz;onyna gpwh; fz;fSf;Fj; njhd;whky;

rpy khj';fs; kiwe;jpUe;jhh;/

8/6/1870 md;W bjhGt{h; ntyha[j Kjypahh; mth;fs;

tlY}h; jUkr; rhiyapypUe;j _ Mde;jehj rz;Kf ruzhya

RthkpfSf;F vGjpa fojk; ,J/

@ek; bgUkhd; ,g;nghJ vt;tplj;J

vGe;jUspapUf;fpd;wJ> rhiy vd;d !;jpjpapy; ,Uf;fpd;wJ>

mt;tplj;jpa fhhpa';fis ahh; guhkhpf;fpd;whh;fs;> ,J tpgu';fis

clnd fl;lisapLk;gof; nfhUfpd;nwd;/ me;jg; gf;f';fspypUe;J

,';F tUgth;fs; jh';fs; j';fSf;Fj; njhd;wpagona rpy gy

brhy;Yk;nghJ kdk; Jof;fpd;wJ/ Mjyhy; cz;ik tpla';fis

t[zu mUs; bra;jy; ntz;Lk;/@

,f;fojj;ijf; Th;e;J nehf;fpdhy; ts;syhh;

,Uf;Fkplj;ij tprhhpf;Fk; bjhGt{h; ntyha[j Kjypahh;

m';fpUe;J tUgth;fs; j';fl;Fj; njhd;wpagobay;yhk; rpy gy

brhy;Yk;nghJ kdk; Jog;gjhft[k; vGJfpwhh;/ cz;ikapy; ele;jJ

vd;d vd;Wk; nfl;fpd;whh;/

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 - 27 -

,J bjhlh;ghf 28/10/1870 md;W ek; bgUkhdhhplkpUe;J

Xh; mwpf;if btspg;gl;lJ/ mjpYs;s thrfk; ,J/

@md;g[s;s ek;kth;fl;F md;g[ld; mwptpg;gJ/ xUtidg;

gw;wp mde;jk; ngh;fSf;F ed;ik cz;lhk; vd;gij cz;ikahf

ek;gpapU';fs;/ vd;dhy; c';fSf;F ed;ik fpilg;gJ rj;jpak;/ ehd;

,d;Dk; bfh";r jpdj;jpy; jpUtUs; ty;ygj;jhy; btspg;gLfpd;nwd;/

mJ ghpae;jk; bghWj;jpU';fs;/ ehd; kpft[k; rkPgj;jpy; jhnd

btspg;gLntd;/ m";r ntz;lhk;/ rhiyia yFthf elj;J';fs;/@

bjhGt{h; ntyha[j Kjypahh; tlY}h; jUkr;

rhiyapypUe;j _ Mde;j ehj rz;Kf ruzhya Rthkpfl;F

vGjp[a fojj;jpw;Fhpa gjpy; nghy ek; bgUkhdhh; mwpf;if

mike;Js;sJ/ rkPgj;jpy; jhnd btspg;gLntd; vd;fpwhh;/ mth;

gpwh; fz;fSf;Fj; njhd;whJ kiwe;jpUf;fpd;whh; vd;gJ

g[ydhfpd;wJ/ ,t;thW xU Kiw my;y. gy Kiw kiwe;J

kiwe;J gpd;dh; btspg;gl;oUf;fpd;whh;. bjhGt{h; ntyha[j Kjypahh;

mth;fs; milahW gpUk;k "hd r';fj;jhh;f;F mspj;j

thf;FK:yj;jpy; Twpa[s;sjhtJ/

@v';fs; FUehjh; gpwh; fz;fSf;Fj; njhd;whky; mof;fo

kiwe;J tpLtJz;L/ me;j neu';fspy; mth; vd;d Mdhh; ?

v';F nghdhh; vd;gJ xUtUf;Fk; bjhpahJ/@

ts;syhh; jd; njfj;ijg; gpwh; fz;fSf;Fj; njhd;w

bthl;lhky; kiwj;Jf; bfhs;st[k; gpd;dh; njhd;WkhWk; bra;af;Toa

Mw;wy; bgw;wtuhapUe;jhh;/ mt;thnw gyKiw kiwe;J gpd;dh;

btspg;gl;oUf;fpwhh;/

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 - 28 -

ts;syhh; jpUf;fhg;gpl;Lf; bfhz;L gpwh; fz;fSf;Fj;

njhd;whJ kiwe;J tpl;l bra;jp Cbu';Fk; gutpaJ/ cz;ikia

mwpa[k; bghUl;Lj; bjd;dhh;f;fhL khtl;l Ml;rpj; jiytUk;.

khtl;l kUj;Jt mYtyUk;. khtl;lf; fhty;Jiwf;

fz;fhzpg;ghsUk;. jhrpy;jhUk; ts;syhh; kiwe;j miwiar;

nrhjidapl te;jdh;/ m';fpUe;j md;gh;fsplk; me;jf; fjitj;

jpwf;Fk;go Mizapl;ldh;/ nrhjpj;Jg; ghh;j;jjpy;

re;njfj;jpw;fplkhf VJk;; ,y;yhjjhy; mth;fs; ts;syhhpd;

Mw;wypy; jpUg;jpaile;J md;iwa md;djhdj;jpw;F U:/20

md;gspg;ghf mspj;J tpl;Lr; brd;wdh;/ gpd;dh; khtl;l murh';f

bf!l;oy; mwpf;if btspapl;ldh;/ mjd; thrfj;jpd; xU gFjp/

"Ramalinga Paradesi seems to have pursuaded his disciples that they

would rise again from the dead, and he consequently urged that burial was preferable

to cremation. Even Brahmins are said to have been buried in this belief, and people

who died in other villages were in several cases brought to Vadalur and inferred

there. In 1874 he locked himself in a room (still in existence) in Mettukuppam

(hamlet of Karunguli) which he used for Samadhi or mystic meditation, and

instructed his disciples not to open it for sometime. He has never been seen since,

and the room is still locked. It is held by those who still believe in him that he was

miraculously made one with his God and that in the fulness of time he will reappear

to the faithful. Whatever may be the thought of his claims to be a religious leader, it

is generally admitted by those who are judges of such matters that his poems, many

of which have been published, stand on a high plane, and his story is worth, noting

as an indication of the directions which religious favour may still take."

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 - 29 -

ts;syhh; nkl;Lf; Fg;gk; rpj;jp tshf miwf;Fs;

EiHe;J jhspl;Lf; bfhz;L gpwh; fz;fSf;Fj; njhd;whJ

kiwe;Jtpl;l bra;jpia ,e;j murh';f bf!l;od; mwpf;ifa[k;

epU:gpf;fpd;wJ/

18/1/1896 md;W rd;khh;f;f r';fj;jhh; ou!;o kWg;g[ vd;w

Xh; mwpf;if btspapl;ldh;/ mjpy; mth;fs; TwpapUg;gjhtJ :

@ts;syhh;; jpUf;fhg;gpl;Lf; bfhs;Sk; rpy jpdj;jpw;F

Kd; rigia K:otpl;L rhtpiaf; bfhz;L te;J bfhLf;Fk;go

th';fpf; bfhz;L Mz;lth; tU';fhyj;jpy; rigahdJ jhnd

jpwe;J bfhs;Sk; mg;nghJ mJ mw;g[jkhd fl;llkhfj; njhd;Wk;////

ts;syhh; ,Ue;j ,lj;jpy; ,uz;L ,Uk;g[g; bgl;ofs;

,Ue;jd/ mjpy; xU bgl;of;Fj; jPghujid Kjypa cgrhu';fs;

bra;J bfhz;oUe;jhh;fs;/ ts;syhh; jpUf;fhg;gpl;Lf; bfhs;Sk;

bfh";r jpdj;jpw;F Kd; jk;ikr; N:H;e;jpUe;jth;fis nehf;fp ,dp

,e;jg; bgl;oapdplj;jpy; ahUk; yl;rpak itahjPh;fs; ,jpy;

xd;Wkpy;iy vd;whh;fs;/ ,e;jg; bgl;ofs; ts;syhh; jpUf;fhg;gpl;Lf;

bfhz;l miwapy; 4 tUc&k; tiu ,Ue;jd / / /

ts;syhh; jpUf;fhg;gpl;Lf; bfhs;Sk; 10 jpdj;jpw;F Kd;

$kPdj
; hiu tutiHj;J Mz;lth; jd;idf; bfh";r jpdk; kiwj;J

itf;fg; nghfpwjha[k; mg;nghJ ,t;tplk; Mjutw;wpUf;Fk; rpy

ViHfisr; rpy ehs; iftplhky; ghJfhj;Jf; bfhz;L te;jhy;

Mz;lth; cdf;F xd;Wk; Fiwt[ itf;fkhl;lhh; vd;whh;fs;/

ts;syhh; jpUf;fhg;gpl;Lf; bfhz;lgpd; 15 ehs; tiuapy; ts;syhhpd;

cj;jutpd;gona rpy ViHfisf; fhg;ghw;wpf; bfhz;L te;jhh;/ / /

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 - 30 -

,e;j thrf';fisr; rw;W MH;e;J nehf;Fnthk;/

ts;syhh; jpUf;fhg;gpl;Lf; bfhs;Sk; njjp Kd;djhfnt mtuhy;

epr;rak; bra;ag; gl;Ls;sJ/ ntl;ltyk; $kPd;jhiuj; jpUf;fhg;gpl;Lf;

bfhs;Sk; Kd; tutiHj;Jr; rhiyapy; j';fpapUe;j Mjutw;w

ViHfis ,d;Dk; rpyfhyk; iftplhky; czt[k; cila[k;

mspj;Jg; ghJfhf;fr; brhy;yp ,Uf;fpd;whh;/ Mz;lth; bfh";r

jpdj;jpw;Fj; jd;id kiwj;J itf;fg; nghfpwjha[k; Kd;ng

TwpapUf;fpd;whh;/ ts;syhUld; ,Ue;j rd;khh;f;f r';fj;jhh;

btspapl;l ,e;j mwpf;if kw;wth;fspd; Kot[ nghd;wjy;y ts;syhh;

Kot[ vd;gJk; mtnu jpl;lkpl;L Mz;ltd; fl;lisg;go Xh;

miwf;Fs; EiHe;J fjitj; jhspl;Lf; bfhz;L gpwh;

fz;fSf;Fj; njhd;whJ kiwe;jpUf;fpd;whh; vd;gJk;

cWjpahfpd;wJ/

6/6/1933 md;W jpU/ fpUc;&zrhkp gilahr;rp vd;gth;

tHf;fwp"h; jpU/ Kj;ijah brl;oahh; vd;gth; K:ykhf xU tHf;Fj;

bjhlh;e;jhh;/ mjhtJ jUkr; rhiy ,e;J mwepiyaj;Jiwf;F

cl;gl;ljy;y vd;gnj tHf;F/

,jid ed;F tprhhpj;J ,e;J mwepiyaj; Jiw

Mizah;fs; 12/2/1935 ehspl;l cj;jut[ vz; 387y; j';fs; jPhg

; ;ig

btspapl;Ls;shh;fs;/ me;j cj;jutpd; 10tJ ghuhtpy; Twpa[s;sjhtJ/

"We have already referred to the Pattamatral Razinamas of 1867 -

Exhibit III series. Though they are all executed in favour of Appaswami Chettiar

Vagairas referring to the Sanmarga Sangam, all of them designate the founder of the

person in whose name the patta might stand. The patta appears to have continued in

his name till 1880; when evidently lapse of seven years from his disappearance, a

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 - 31 -

notification was issued in the District Gazette proposing transfer of registry in the

names of four persons (Sabapathi Gurukkal, being one of them) described as agents

of the Swamigal. This notification dated 11.10.1880 is exhibit XIII.

ts;syhh; kf;fspd; fz;fSf;Fj; njhd;whjthW jd;

njfj;ij kiwj;Jf; bfhz;ljhy; mth; fhzhkw; ngha; tpl;lhh;

vd;W fUjpa murh';fk; rl;lg;go VHhz;Lfs; fHpj;J ehy;tiu

Vb$z;l; vd;w mstpy; epakdk; bra;jJ. ts;syhh; kf;fspd;

fz;fSf;Fj; njhd;whjthW jd; njfj;ij kiwj;Jf; bfhz;L

fhzhkw; ngha;tpl;lhh; vd;gnj cz;ikbad rl;lg;goa[k;

epU:gzkhfpd;wJ/

1874k; Mz;L $dthpj; jp';fs; 30k; ehs; bts;spf;fpHik

,ut[ 12 kzpastpy; nkl;Lf; Fg;gk; fpuhkj;jpy; rpj;jp tshfk;

vd;fpw Foypy; ts;syhh; Xh; miwf;Fs; EiHe;J fjitj;

jhspl;Lf; bfhz;lhh;/ btspf;; fjit md;gh;fs; g{l;odh;/ gpwF

miwiaj; jpwe;J ghh;j;j nghJ me;j miw btWk; miwahf

,Ue;jJ/ cs;ns EiHe;j ts;syhiuf; fhztpy;iy/ ,Jnt

ele;j cz;ik/

ts;syhhpd; tuyhw;iw vGjg; g[Fe;jth;fs; ele;jij

kl;Lk; vGjpapUf;f ntz;Lk;/ Mdhy; mtuth; kdjpy; njhd;wpa

thbwy;yhk; vGjpa[s;sdh;/

gpU';fpkhefuk; ,uhkrhkp Kjypahh; mth;fs; 1896y; jhk;

btspapl;l (MWjpUKiwfs;); jpUtUl;gh g[j;jfj;jpy; ek;

bgUkhdhhpd; rhpj;jpur; RUf;fj;ij vGjpa[s;shh;/ mjpy;

Twpa[s;sjhtJ :-

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 - 32 -

@Mee;jh jPj epiyapypUe;J rjhde;j rhjdKw;Wj;

jkjhg;j ez;gh;fisj; jpUtUs; nehf;fhy; nehf;fpf;

filf;fzpj;J@ md;gh;fhs; ahk; c';fisr; rpyfhyk; tpl;Lg;

gphpe;jpUf;f vz;z'; bfhz;Ls;nshk;/ rjhde;j rkhjp epl;il Tl

tpr;rpj;Js;nsk;/ vdJ rhPuk; rpwpJ fhyj;Js; c';fs; fz;fSf;Fj;

njhw;whJ kiwe;Jnghk;/ ,f; fhaj;ij c';fspy; ahuhYk;.

mf;fpdpapy; jfpf;fthtJ. kz;zpy; rkhjp itf;fthtJ fpl;lhJ/

,dp ehw;gj; jPuhapu tUl fhyk; rpj;juhakh;e;jpUe;J rfy

rpj;jpfSk; rpj;jpf;fg; bgw;W Mde;jj; jpUtpisahl;lah;e;jpUe;J

mjw;Fnky; gpuzt njfpahfp "hdrk;ge;j FUj;t epiyiag;

bgWnthk; vd;Dk; Fwpg;ig btspapl;Lr; Rl;lhky; Rl;of; fhl;og;

gpd;g[ rhf;fpu Kjypa Ie;jtj;ija['; fle;J epd;W jpUtUl; fpUgh

nehf;fj;jpw;Fj; jk;ik czthf;fp KGtJk; tpG';fg;gl;ltuha;

jj;Jt KGtJk; ,r;ir tHp gzp nfl;gg; gpuztnk jpUt[Uthfr;

rfrtUs; gpwf;f tlY}iu aLj;j nkl;Lf; Fg;gk; fpuhkj;jpy; rpj;jp

tshfj; jpUkhspiff;Fs; fypahg;jk; 4978y; epfGk; _ KftUlk;

ij khjk; 19k; ehs; Rf;fputhuk; g[dh;g{r el;rj;jpu';Toa g{h;t

uhj;jphpapy; braw;ifa[lypaw;ifa[lyhfj; jphpt[gLk; rpd;khj;jpu rf$

rkhjpapy; mirtw epd;W. jkjhj;khh;j;j rw;FUitr; rpe;jpj;J

jhkkh;e;jpUe;j mt;tiwia K:og; g{l;of; bfhs;sj; jkjd;gh;fl;Ff;

Fwpg;g[zh;j;jpg; g{l;lr; bra;J. jhKk; jkJ ,e;jphpaf; fjit K:o

kt[d epl;il To epj;jpahde;jKw;wdh;/@

nkw;fz;lthW gpU';fp; khefuk; ,uhkrhkp Kjypahh;

gjpg;gpy; TwpapUf;f 1924k; Mz;L btspaplg;gl;l r/K/ fe;jrhkpg;

gps;is gjpg;gpy; 63k; gf;fj;jpy; TwpapUg;gjhtJ/

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 - 33 -

@_Kf tUc&j;jpy; khh;fHp khjk;; Kjy; ts;syhh; rpj;jp

tshfj; jpUtiwf;Fs; brd;W rpy ehs; fjit K:of;bfhz;L

,Ug;gJk; gpwF btsp te;J gpur';fk; bra;tJk;. kWgoa[k; rpy ehs;

jhspl;Lf; bfhz;L cs;ns ,Ug;gJk;. gpd;dh; btspte;J gpur';fk;

bra;tJkhfpa mUl;bgU bewpapy; jpfH;e;jdh;/

m';'dk; epfG ehl;fspy; xU ehs; md;gh;fis

nehf;fpf; @filia tphpj;njhk; ? bfhs;thhpy;iy fl;otpl;nlhk;/;

eP';fs;; mUs; miltjw;F ,e;jj; jPgj;jpidf; flt[bsdf;

bfhz;L $PtfhUz;a Kilauhfp rpe;jpj;Jf; bfhz;oU';fs;/ ,dp

,uz;liu foif neuk; c';fs; fz;Qqf;Fj; njhd;w khl;nlhk;/

,t;t[yfj;jpYk; kw;bw';Fk; ,Ug;nghk;/ gpd;dh; mUl;bgU";n$hjp

Mz;lth; tUthh;/ mg;nghJ ,t;t[Ut[ld; rpj;jpfs; gy

epfH;j;Jnthk;/ jpUtUl; br';nfhyhl;rp; bra;nthk;/

mftpdj;jhh;f;Fr; rhfh tuKk; Vidnahh;f;Fg; ghpghf epiyiaa[k;

mspg;nghk;/ ehk; jpUf;fjit K:oapUf;F';fhy; mjpfhhpfs;

jpwf;Fk;go Mf;"hgpf;fpy; Mz;lth; mUs; bra;thh;@ vd;W

fl;lisapl;Lr; rpj;j rhe;jk; cz;lhf;fp _Kf tUc&k; ij khjk;

g[dh;g{rj;jpy; bts;spf;fpHikad;W ,ut[ 12 kzpf;F

nkl;Lf;Fg;gj;jpy; rpj;jp tshfj;jpy; jpUf;fhg;gpl;Lf; bfhz;ldh;/@

jpU/ Cud; mofs; vGjp 1971k; Mz;L btspapl;l

,uhkyp';f mofs; tuyhw;wpy; 548?549k; gf;f';fspy;

TwpapUg;gjhtJ??

@mofs; jkJ jpUtiwf;Fs;nsapUe;J tpiutpy;

,iwtndhouz;lwf; fyg;gjw;fhd rhjidfspy; <Lgl;oUe;jhh;fs;/

fhh;j;jpif. khh;fHpj; jp';fs;fs; fHpe;jd/ ijj;jp';fs; te;jJ/

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 - 34 -

ijj; jp';fspy; mofs; jpUtiwapdpd;Wk; btspna te;J

rpd;dhspUe;jhh;fs;/ rpw;rpy cgnjr';fisr; bra;jUspdhh;fs;/

@fil tphpj;njhk;? bfhs;thhpy;iy ? fl;o tpl;nlhk;/ ,g;nghJ

,e;j clk;gpypUf;fpd;nwhk;/ ,dp vy;yh clk;gpYk; g[Fe;J

bfhs;nthk;@ vd;W Twpj; jhk; clk;ig kiwj;Jf; bfhz;L

,iwtndhouz;lwf; fyf;f ,Ug;gijf; Fwpg;ghft[k;

btspg;gilahft[k; md;gh;fSf;F czh;j;jpdhh;fs;/ ijg;g{rk;

te;jJ/ _Kf Mz;L ijj; jp';fs; 19k; ehs; 30/1/1874

bts;spf;fpHik g{rj;jd;W Kd;dputpy; mofs; m';fpUe;j

md;gh;fisbay;yhk; miHj;Jj;jhKk; miwf;Fs;ns brd;W clk;ig

kiwj;Jf; bfhs;sg;nghtijf; TwpaUspdhh;fs;/ mg;nghJ

Twpajhf md;gh; xUth; Fwpj;J itj;Js;sJ gpd;tUkhW :-

_Kf tUc&k; ij khjk; 19k; njjp

@ehd; cs;ns gj;Jg; gjpide;J jpdkpUf;fg; nghfpnwd;/

ghh;j;J mtek;gpf;ifailahjPh;fs;/ xUf;fhy; ghh;f;f neh;e;J

ghh;j;jhy; ahUf;Fk; njhd;whJ btW tPlhfj; jhdpUf;Fk;go

Mz;lth; bra;tpg;ghh;/ vd;idf; fhl;of; bfhlhh;/@

vd;idf; fhl;of; bfhlhh; vd;gjd; bghUs; vd;idf;

fhz ,ayhJ vd;gjhk; ?

md;W ,ut[ 15 ehHpif (12 kzp)f;F mofs; m';fpUe;j

midth;f;Fk; ,JfhWk; ehk; Twpte;jgo xGfp mUl;bgU";n$hjp

Mz;ltiu tHpgl;L ca;a[';fs; vd;W mwpt[iua[k; thH;j;Jk; Twpj;

jkJ jpUtiwf;Fs; EiHe;J fjitr; rhj;jpf; bfhz;L

,uz;liu ehHpifapy; ,iwtndhL ,uz;lwf; fye;jUspdhh;fs;/

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 - 35 -

brd;id milahW jpahrhgpfy; brhi!l;oahUf;F

bjhGt{h; ntyha[j Kjypahh; (ts;syhhpd; Kjy; khzhf;fh;) mspj;j

thf;FK:yj;jpd; xU gFjp ?

@1855k; Mz;oy; mth; (ts;syhh;) brd;idiatpl;Lr;

rpjk;guk; brd;whh;/ gpd; m';fpUe;J tlY}Uf;Fk; fU';FHpf;Fk;

brd;W m';nfna gy Mz;Lfs; j';fpdhh;/ mf;fhy';fspy;

gyKiw jk;ikr; N:H;e;jpUe;jth;fisg; gphpe;J gpwh; fz;fSf;Fg;

g[yg;glh tz;zk; kiwe;J nghthh;/ ePz;l fhyk; mt;thnw gpwh;

mwpah tz;zk; ,Ug;ghh;/

1874 $dthp khjk; ,Wjp ehs;fspy; ngrj; bjhl';fpj;

jhk; TwptUk; jPh;f;f jhprd';fis kPz;Lk; Twpdhh;/ mk;khjk; 30k;

njjp eh';fs; nkl;Lf; Fg;gj;jpy; v';fs; FUitf; filrpahfg;

ghh;j;njhk;/ rPlh;fsplk; md;nghL tpilbgw;w gpd; Vw;ghL bra;jpUe;j

xU rpW fl;olj;jpd; jdp miw xd;wpy; EiHe;J tphpg;gpy;

radpj;Jf; bfhz;lhh;/ mtuJ fl;lisg;go miwf;fjt[

g{l;lg;gl;lJ/ ,Ue;j xnu JthuKk; Rth; itj;J milf;fg;gl;lJ/

Xuhz;ow;Fg; gpd; jpwe;J ghh;j;j nghJ miwapy;

xd;Wkpy;iy/ btw;wiwahfnt ,Ue;jJ/ gpd; xU rkak;

njhd;Wtjhf cWjpahff; TwpapUe;jhbudpDk; njhd;Wk; fhyk; ,lk;

N:H;epiyfisj; bjhptpf;ftpy;iy/ mg;goj; njhd;Wk; tiu

,e;jpahtpy; kl;Lkpd;wp Inuhg;gh. mbkhpf;fh Kjypa kw;bwy;yhj;

njr';fspYk; jf;fth;fspd; cs;sj;jpy; mjpl;oj;J cyifj;

jpUj;Jk; gzpapy; ntiy bra;ag;nghtjhff; Twpdhh;/

gpU';fp; khefuk; ,uhkrhkp Kjypahh; ? r/K/ fe;jrhkpg;

gps;is ? bjhGt{h; ntyha[j Kjypahh; ? jtj;jpU Cud; mofshh; ?

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 - 36 -

kw;Wk; ahuhapUe;jhYk; rhp mth;fs; Twpa thh;j;ijfspy; rpy

khWghLfs; ,Ue;jhYk; vy;nyhUila thh;j;ijfspYk; ts;syhh;

nkl;Lf;Fg;gk; rpj;jp tshfj; jpUkhspifapy; 1874k; Mz;L $dthpj;

jp';fs; 30k; ehs; bts;spf;fpHik ,ut[ 12 kzp mstpy; Xh;

miwapy; cs;ns EiHe;J fjitr; rhj;jpf; bfhz;L jkJ

clk;igg; gpwh; fhzh tz;zk; kiwj;J tpl;lhh; vd;gjpy;

khw;wkpy;iy/

,e;jj; J}y njfkhdJ jhd; bra;fpd;w jtj;jpd;

gadhfr; rpy khw;w';fis milfpd;wJ/ Kjypy; Rj;j njfkhf

khwpg; gpd;dh; gpuzt njfkhfp Kothf "hd njfkhfpd;wJ/

mt;thW khw;wk; mila[';fhy; ,j;njfj;jpd; jd;ik vt;thW

tps';Fk; vd;gij ts;syhnu tiuaiw bra;fpd;whh;/ J}y

njfkhdJ Rj;j my;yJ Rth;z njfkhf khWk;nghJ mila[k;

khw;w';fs;/

Rj;j njfj;jpd; jd;ik :

fhhpa U:gk; ? gunjfk; ? gu czh;r;rp ? gu mwpt[ ?;

guj;tk; ? bghd; tz;zk; ? 16 Kjy; 12 taJ gUtk; ? eiu.

jpiu. gpzp. K:g;g[. kyk;. $yk;. tpah;it. Mfhuk;. epj;jpiu. jhfk;.

rhia Kjypad ,y;yhik ? cnuhk tsh;r;rp jhH;r;rp ,y;yhik ?

mgu";rp khw;W ? fh;k rpj;jp ? fy;gnjfp ? mgukhh;f;fp/

gpuzt njfj;jpd; jd;ik :

fhhpa fhuz U:gk; ? guk;gu njfk; ? guk;gu czh;r;rp ?

guk;gu mwpt[; ? guk;gu jj;Jtk; ? 16 Kjy; 108 tiu khw;W ? 8

taJ Kjy; 5 taJ gUtk; ? ciuglhjJ ? njfk; njhw;Wk;

gpoglhJ ? rh;t rj;jp ? gpuhz fy;g njfp ? gu mgu khh;f;fk;/

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 - 37 -

"hdnjfj;jpd; jd;ik :

fhuz U:gk; ? v';Fk; g{uz tpahgfk; ? guhgu mwpt[ ?

rg;jka jhprdk; ? rh;tkfh rf;jp ? rh;t Rje;juk; ? cUtk;

njhw;wpa[k; njhw;whkYk; ,Uf;Fk; ? fhyhjPjd;/

,e;j K:d;W njf';fspd; khw;w';fisj; jhd; bgw;wij

ts;syhh; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;/ ehnd jtk; g[hpe;njd; ek; bgUkhd;

ey;yUshy;

ehnd mUl;rpj;jp ehlile;njd; ? ehnd

mHpah totk;; mit K:d;Wk; bgw;nwd;

,Hpahky; MLfpd;nwd; ,';F/

Rj;j tot[[k; Rftothk; X';fhu

epj;j tot[k; epiwe;njh';F ? rpj;bjDnkhh;

"hd tot[k; ,';nf ehd; bgw;nwd; v';bf';Fk;

jhd tpisahl;oaw;wj;jhd;/

ts;syhh; Rj;j njfk; bgw;whh; vd;gjw;F Mjhuk; :

epHy; tpHhj njfnk Rj;j njfk; vd;fpd;whh;/

kapiyiar; rhh;e;j jpU jzpfhryk; vd;gth; xd;gJ Kiw

ts;syhiu epHw;glkhf (nghl;nlh) vLf;f Kad;Wk; ,ayhJ

nghapw;W/ ts;syhh; cUtk; epHw;glkhf tpHtpy;iy/ ,uhkfpUc;&z

gukcwk;!h;. Rthkp tpntfhde;jh;. ts;syhuJ jiy khzhf;fh;

bjhGt{h; ntyha[j Kjypahh; nghd;nwhuJ epHw;glk; ,Ug;gjhy;

mth;fsJ cz;ikahd Kfr; rhay; xnu khjphp ekf;Ff;

fpl;oa[s;sJ/ Mdhy; ts;syhuJ Kfr; rhanyh glj;jpw;Fg; glk;

khW gl;oUf;fpwJ/ mtuJ cz;ikahd Kfr; rhay; epHw;glk;

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 - 38 -

K:ykhf ekf;Ff; fpl;lhkw; nghdnj ts;syhh; Rj;j njfj;Jld;

tps';fpdhh; vd;gjw;Fg; nghJkhd MjhukhFk;/

ts;syhh; Rj;j njfk; kl;Lkpd;wpg; gpuzt njfk; "hd

njfk;. Mfpatw;iwa[k; bgw;Wf; bfhz;lij mth; ghl;od; K:yk;

fz;nlhk;/ "hd njfj;ijg; gw;wpf; TWk;nghJ njhd;wpa[k;

njhd;whkYk; ,Uf;Fk; vd;fpwhh;/ gyKiw ts;syhh; gy khj';fs;

kiwe;jpUe;J btspg;gl;oUg;gnj mtuJ njfk; njhd;whkYk;

njhd;wpa[k; ,Ue;jJ vd;gjw;F Mjhukhf cs;sJ/

g[tpahnyh. g[dyhnyh. fdyhnyh. fhw;whnyh.

Mfhaj;jhnyh vjdhy; mHpe;jhYk; mJ kuznk/ clk;ig g";r

g{jj;jpy; fiuj;Jtpl;lhh; vd;whYk; me;j Kot[k; kuznk/

njfj;Jld; ,Ug;gnj kuzkpyhg; bgU thH;t[. njfk; ,y;yhkw;

nghapd; mjpypUe;j $Ptdhy; jdpj;J ,a';f Koahj fhuzj;jhy;

gpwtp vLj;nj jPUk;/ ts;syhh; kuzkpyhg; bgU thH;t[ bgw;wth; ?

mth; jdJ njfj;Jld; ,Uf;fpwhh;/ 1874f;F Kd; vt;thW

mof;fo gpwh; fz;fSf;Fj; njhd;whky; jd; clk;ig kiwj;Jf;

bfhz;lhnuh mt;thnw 1874 $dthp 30k; ehsd;Wk; gpwh;

fz;fSf;Fj; njhd;whky; kiwj;Jf; bfhz;lhh;/ Kd;bgy;yhk;

vt;thW kiwe;Jgpd;; kPz;Lk; njhd;wpdhnuh mt;thnw kPz;Lk;

njhd;Wthh;. mg;nghbjy;yhk; kiwe;j rpy khj';fspy; njhd;wpdhh;/

,g;nghJ rpy Mz;Lfs; Mfpd;wd. ,Jnt cz;ik/

ts;syhh;; miwf;Fs; g[Fe;J kiwe;jij me;j

E}w;whz;oy; thH;e;J ts;syhiur; re;jpj;J mstshtp kfpH;e;j

tz;zr; rugk; jz;lghzp Rthkpfs; md;gh;fs; V';f ts;syhh;

miwf;Fs; EiHe;jijj; jhd; ghoa ghl;oy; epU:gpf;fpwhh;/

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 - 39 -

bghw;iw xU tpy;yhfg; g[tpa{h;e;J g[u"; brw;nwhd;

gw;iw btd;nwhh; j';fisa[k; gijahky; ,fH;ntd;ghy;

mw;iwapw; rpw;rpynu';f miwa[l;nghk; tlY}uhd;

kw;iwah; fz; Tr tUthbdd;Wiuj;jhnd/

ek;g[ ktdpkpj;jbkhU ehhpaplk; J}jhndhd;

btk;g[ Jah;f;fhjhukh kpogl;L bkypntd;ghy;

mk;g[tp bay;yhkwpa miwa[l;nghk; tlY}uhd;

tk;g[iug;ghh; gyh; fhz tUthbdd;Wiuj;jhnd/

ts;syhh; miwf;Fl; brd;W fjitr; rhj;jpf;

bfhz;lnghJ rpyh; V';fpajhft[k; mth; miwf;Fs; EiHe;jij

mk;g[tp vy;yhKk; mwpa[k; vd;Wk; jhd; jpUk;gp tUtjhfr;

brhy;ypna ts;syhh; brd;wpUf;fpwhh; vd;Wk; jz;lghzp Rthkpfs;

Twpa[s;sJ ek; bgUkhdhh; mile;j kuzkpyhg; bgU thH;it

nkYk; epU:gpf;fpd;wJ/

,Jtiu Twpte;jij xd;W jpul;of; fhz;nghk;/

1) ts;syhh; Rj;j njfk; bgw;W tpl;ljhy; mth; cUtk;

epHw;glkhf ekf;Ff; fpilf;ftpy;iy/

2) "hd njfk; njhd;wpa[k; njhd;whkYk; ,Uf;Fk;/

1874 $dthp 30k; ehs; ts;syhh; jpUf;fhg;gpl;Lf; bfhz;lij

cyfnk mwpa[k;/ Mdhy; mjw;F Kd;ng ts;syhh; gy Kiw

md;gh; fz;fSf;Fj; njhd;whky; jd; clk;ig kiwj;Jf;

bfhz;Ls;shh;/ gpd;dh; njhd;wpa[s;shh;/ ts;syhhpd;; Kjy; khzth;

bjhGt{h; ntyha[j Kjypahh; milahW gpUk;k "hd r';fj;jhh;f;F

mspj;Js;s thf;FK:yj;jpypUe;J ,e;j cz;ik btspahfpd;wJ/

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 - 40 -

3) ts;syhUld; nehpy; gHfpa gpU';fp khefuk; ,uhkrhkp

Kjypahh;. fhuzg;gl;L r/K/ fe;jrhkpg; gps;is nghd;nwhh; vGjpa[s;s

,uhkyp';fhpd; rhpj;jpuf; Fwpg;g[fSk; ts;syhh; Xh; miwf;Fs;

EiHe;J fjitr; rhj;jpf; bfhz;lij epU:gpf;fpd;wJ/

4) ts;syhh; 1874k; Mz;L Kjy; fhzhky; ngha;tpl;ljhy;

rl;lg;go md;iwa bts;is murh';fk; VHhz;Lfs; fHpe;j gpd;dh;

r';f md;gh;fs; ehy;tiu 1881k; Mz;L khh;r; khjk; Vb$z;Lfshf

epakpj;jJ/ me;jr; bray; ts;syhh; gpwh;nghy; khz;Lnghftpy;iy

vd;gija[k; kw;wth; fz;fSf;Ff; fhzhky; jd; clk;ig kiwj;Jf;

bfhz;lhh; vd;gija[k; epU:gpf;fpd;wJ/

5) rd;khh;f;f r';fj;ij mg;nghJ rhh;e;jpUe;j md;gh;fs;

btspapl;l ou!;o kWg;g[ ts;syhh; Vw;fdnt ed;F jpl;lkpl;nl

gytpjkhd Kd; Vw;ghLfisr; bra;jpUf;fpwhh; vd;gija[k; ts;syhh;

jpUf; fhg;gpl;Lf; bfhz;lija[k; epU:gpf;fpd;wJ/

6) ts;syhh; jpUf;fhg;gpl;Lf; bfhz;l miwiar;

nrhjpj;j mg;nghija khtl;l Ml;rpahsh; ? khtl;lf; fhty;Jiwf;

fz;fhzpg;ghsh; ? khtl;l kUj;Jt mYtyh;. jhrpy;jhh;

Kjypnahuhy; gpd;dh; btspaplg;gl;l murh';f bf!l;Lk; ts;syhh;

jpUf;fhg;gpl;Lf; bfhz;lij epU:gpf;fpd;wJ/

7) ts;syhhpd; rkfhyg; g[ytuhd tz;zr; rugk;

jz;lghzp Rthkpfs; md;gh;fs; V';f miwf;Fs; ts;syhh;

brd;wij epU:gpf;fpd;whh;/

8) 1935y; ,e;J mw epiyaj;jpd; Mizah;fs; Ie;J

Mz;Lfs; tprhuizf;Fg; gpd;dh; btspapl;l jkJ jPh;g;gpYk;

ts;syhh; jpUf;fhg;gpl;Lf; bfhz;lij epU:gpf;fpd;wdh;/

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 - 41 -

9) vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; nkyhfj; jhd; bgw;w bgU

epiyahfpa kuzkpyhg; bgUthH;it ts;syhnu jkJ jpUtUl;ghtpy;

mfr; rhd;whfg; gyg; ghf;fspy; bjspt[gLj;jpa[s;shh;/

Kot[

ts;syhh; kw;wth; nghy; khz;L nghdth; my;y/ gyuwpa

Xh; miwapDs; EiHe;J gpwh; fhzh tz;zk; jd; cliy

kiwj;Jf; bfhz;L jd;; njfj;Jld;; ,d;Wk; ,Ug;gtnu/

10) ts;syhhpd; moath; xUth; rpj;jp tshfj;jpy; jd;

cliy ts;syhh; kiwj;Jf; bfhz;lij cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;whh;/

mUSUf;bfhz;l xU tot[ rpt nahfp tothd

epd;dhpa Konky; m';nf tsh;e;j rpif

K:d;W gphpt[s;ns epd;dhpajha; rpd;dk;ikjhd;

mUs; rptdor; nrh;e;j gpd;dh; xU rpif bfhz;L

mhpa btz;Jfpy; nkw;bfhs; , mUl;ghjk;

Vw;Fk; ed;fpU ghjul;ir jid m';'dkfw;wpMSk;

,UsW rpj;jp tshf bkDk; Xhplj;Jf; fw;g{u jPgk;

Vw;wp Muhjpj;J Mde;j nkypl;L

,dpa Tj;jho epd;W

gUt[ly; kiwj;J btspahd munr tUf ? tUf

ey;yhpa rpj;jpaUs; tz;ikj; jpUtUl;

gpufhr ts;sny tUf ? vd; kzp tUfnt/

gU cly; kiwj;J btspahd munr vd;w thp ts;syhh;

bgw;w mHpahj njf rpj;jpia[ak; kuzkpyhg; bgU thH;ita[k;

cWjpg; gLj;Jfpd;wJ/

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 - 42 -

Fwpg;g[ : ts;syhiug; gw;wp vGJfpd;wth;fs; ,dpahfpYk; j';fs;

kdk; nghdgoj; jhWkhwhf vGjhky; ts;syhh; thH;tpy;

ele;j rk;gt';fis cs;sthW vGJkhW

ntz;lg;gLfpwJ/ kuzkpyhg; bgU thH;tpy; c';fl;F

ek;gpf;if ,y;yhJ nghdhYk; mjw;fhf c';fs; kdf;

fUj;ij ts;syhh; kPJ jpzpf;fhky; ts;syhh; mUk;ghL

gl;L mile;j bgU epiyia cz;ikia cs;sthW

vGJ';fs;/

ts;syhh; jpUf;fhg;gpl;Lf;bfhz;L ,iwtDld;

,uz;lwf; fye;J tpl;lhh; vd;W gyh; ngrpa[k; vGjpa[k; tUfpd;wdh;/

,jw;F Kd; njhd;wpa Md;nwhh;fspy; gyh;

Kf;jpaile;Jtpl;ljhft[k;. Kf;jp vd;gJ J}yt[liy tpl;lhYk;

$PtdhdJ ,iwtDld; xd;Wgl;Lf; fye;J tpLtnj vd;Wk; Twp

te;Js;sdh;/ Md;kPfthjpfs; mj;jid ngUk; mijna ,d;Wk;

ek;g[fpd;whh;fs;/ cz;ik epiy vd;d> ,e;j caph; cliy tpl;Lg;

gphpe;j gpd;dh; Mz;ltDld; fyf;f Koa[kh> ,iwtd;

Mfhaj;jpny v';nf ,Uf;fpd;whd;> capuhdJ clk;gpDs;ns

,Ue;J bray;gl;oUf;Fk;nghJ ,iwtid mwpahky; ,Uf;fpd;wJ/

Mdhy; clk;ig tpl;L btspnawpat[ld; Mz;ltdpd; ,Ug;gplj;ij

mwpe;J m';nf brd;W capuhdJ ,iwtDld; ,uz;lwf;

fye;JtpLfpd;wjhk;> capUf;F me;j mwpt[ vg;go tUk;>

$Ptd; jdpj;J ,a';fhJ vd;W ek; bgUkhdhh;

Twpa[s;sjhy; clk;ig tpl;Lg; gphpe;j capuhdJ tpidf;nfw;gg; gpwtp

vLf;Fnk jtpu ,iwtDld; fyj;jy; vd;gnj fpilahJ/ ,e;j

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 - 43 -

cz;ikia czuhj gy Md;kPfg; bgU kf;fs; j';fs; capuhdJ

Mz;ltDld; fyg;gjw;Fj; j';fs; clk;ng jilahf cs;sJ vdf;

fUjpj; jd; rPlh;fisf; bfhz;L jd; jiy kPJ nj';fha;

cilf;fr; bra;Jk;. rkhjp xd;W jf;f ,lj;jpy; fl;lr; bra;J

capUld; mjpy; ,w';fpr; Rtiu milf;fr; bra;Jk; j';fisj;

jh';fns kha;j;Jf; bfhz;Ls;s tuyhWfs; epiwa cz;L/

,g;gog;gl;l bghpath;fs; ,iwtDld; fye;Jtpl;ljhff; Twpf;

bfhs;tJ rhpahdjy;y/

,';nf ts;syhhpd; thrfk; xd;wpid epidt[ Th;tJ

mtrpakhfpd;wJ/

@rka kj rd;khh;f;fpfspy; jha[khd RthkpfSk; ,d;Dk;

mndf bghpnahh;fSk; Rj;jg; gug;gpuk;kj;jpdplj;jpy; ,uz;lwf; fye;J

tpl;lljhf KiwapLtJ th!;jtkh vd;why; mth!;jtk;/ Rj;j

rd;khh;f;fk; xd;Wf;nf rhj;jpak; ifTLk;. vd;Wk; rhfhj

epiyiag; bgw;Wr; rh;t rpj;jp ty;ygKk; bgwf;TLk;/ kw;w rka

kj khh;f;f';fbsy;yhk; Rj;j rd;khh;f;fj;jpw;Fr; bry;yf; fPH;g;gofs;

Mjyhy; mtw;wpy; If;fpak; vd;gnj ,y;iy/ jha[khdth;

Kjyhdth;fs; Rj;j rd;khh;f;fpfs; my;yh;/ kj rd;khh;f;fpfs;

vd;W xUthW bfhs;syhk;/ ,jpy; epj;jpa njfk; fpilahJ/ ,J

rhjf khh;f;fnkad;wpr; rhj;jpaky;y/ ehis Rj;j rd;khh;f;fk;

tH';Fk;nghJ ,th;fs; ahtUk; caph; bgw;W kPs tUthh;fs;

Kd;dpUe;j msitf; fhl;oYk; tpnrc& "hdj;njhL Rj;j

rd;khh;f;fj;jpw;Fhpath;fsha; tUthh;fs;/ rhj;jpauha;; ,uz;lwf;

fyg;ghh;fs;/

(ciueil gf;fk; 305)

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 - 44 -

,wthik bgw;wth;fshy; kl;Lnk ,iwtDld; ,uz;lwf;

fyf;f Koa[k;/ ,we;j gpwF cliytpl;Lg; gphpe;j capuhdJ

v';nfh ,Uf;Fk; ,iwtidf; fz;L mile;J mtDld;

fyg;gjy;y/ ,e;jj; njfj;jpnyna ,e;jg; gpwtpapnyna ,iwtid

mila ntz;Lk; vd;gnj ts;syhh; bfhs;if/ mth; ,e;j

cyfpw;F te;j nehf;fKk; mJnt/ Mjhuk;??

mfj;nj fWj;Jg; g[wj;J btSj;jpUe;j cyfuidtiua[k;

rfj;nj jpUj;jpr; rd;khh;f;fr; r';fj;J miltpj;jpl mtUk;

,fj;nj guj;ijg; bgw;W kfpH;e;jpLjw;bfd;nw vid ,e;j

a[fj;nj ,iwtd; tUtpf;ft[w;nwd; mUisg; bgw;nwnd

,e;jg; gpwtpapnyna ,iwtid mila ntz;Lk; vd;w

ts;syhh; mwptpg;ig ,fj;nj guj;ijg; bgw;W kfpH;e;jpLjw;bfd;nw

vd;w thp epU:gpf;fpd;wJ/

ts;syhh; jUk; flt[s; tpsf;fk;:

,Jtiu njhd;wpa rka';fs; kf;fSf;F

mwpKfg;gLj;jpa[s;s flt[s;fs; Vuhsk; Vuhsk;/ xt;bthU

rkaj;jtUk; j';fs; rkaj;ijr; rhh;e;j flt[ns cz;ikahdth;

vd;Wk;. cs;sgona ,Ug;gth; vd;Wk;. mtnu Mw;wy;fs; midj;Jk;

bfhz;lth; vd;Wk; mUs; juf; Toath; mtnu vd;Wk; ek;g[fpd;wdh;

? tHpgLfpd;wdh;/

xd;nw Fyk; xUtnd njtd; vd;W vg;nghnjh

Twg;gl;oUe;jhYk; mj;jid flt[s;fl;Fk; Mya';fSk; g[uhz';fSk;

epiwa cs;sd/ nfhof; fzf;fhd gf;j nfhofs; mtuth;

rkaj;ijr; rhh;e;j Mz;ltid KG ek;gpf;ifa[ld;

tHpgl;LtUtijf; fz;Tlhff; fz;L tUfpd;nwhk;/

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 - 45 -

ahuhtJ ,j;jid flt[sh;fs; cz;ikapy; ,Uf;f

Koa[kh vd;W rpe;jpj;jduh vd;why; ,y;iy/ flt[spd; jd;ikia

tpthpf;fpd;w bghGJ m';fp';bfdhjgo v';Fk; g{uzkha;

epiwe;Js;sth; vd;W TWfpd;whh;fs;/ xnu xU flt[s; ,Ue;jhy;

mt;thW TWtJ bghUe;Jk;/ xd;Wf;F nkw;gl;L ,uz;lhtJ

flt[s; xUth; ,Ue;jhy; xUth; kl;Lk; vt;thW g{uzkhf v';Fk;

epiwe;jpUf;f Koa[k;> mnef flt[sh;fs; ,Ue;jhy; ahuhYk;

g{uzkhf v';Fk; epiwe;jpUf;f Koahnj! ,ijbay;yhk; rpe;jpj;Jg;

ghh;f;f ntz;lhkh>

xt;bthU rkaj;jtUk; j';fSf;bfd;W Xh;; ,iwtid

Vw;gLj;jpf; bfhz;L tz';fp tUfpd;wdh;/ cjhuzkhfr;

irth;fSf;Fr; rptDk;. rhf;jh;fl;Fr; rf;jpa[k;. fhzhgj;ah;fl;Ff;

fzgjpa[k;. bfskhuh;fl;Ff; FkuntSk;. brsuh;fl;Fr; N:hpaDk;

kw;Wk; itzth;fl;F tpc;&Qqt[k; bja;tbkdf; bfhz;L rka';fs;

tps';Ffpd;wd/ nkYk; xt;bthU rkaj;jtUk; j';fs; bja;tk;

kl;Lnk cz;ikahdJ vd;W ek;gpa[k; ngrpa[k; tUfpd;wdh;/ ghku

kf;fs; kl;Lkh ,e;jj; bja;t';fis ek;gp tHpgLfpd;wdh;!

bghpath;fSk; tz';Ffpd;wduhk;/ ,J gw;wpa ts;syhh; fUj;J :

@,Jtiu bghpath;fs; vd;W bgahpl;Lf;

bfhz;oUe;jth;fSk; cz;ikawpahJ mg;gona ,Ug;gjhf ek;gp

Vkhe;J fz;iz K:of;bfhz;L cswpf; bfhl;oapUf;fpwhh;fs;/@

,j;jid bja;t';fSk; ,y;iy vd;why; bghpath;fs;

mtt;st[k; ,Ug;gjhf vz;zpa[k; tHpgl;Lk; te;Js;sdnu vd;W

tpdtyhk;/ ,jw;Fk; ts;syhh; xUtnu tpilaspf;fpd;whh;/

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 - 46 -

,iwtDf;F mUl;bgU";n$hjp vd;W ts;syhh; bgah;

N:l;Lfpd;whh;/ me;j ,iwtdhfpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp

xt;bthUtUila cs;sj;jpYk; mDgtkhf btspg;gLkhk;/ mJt[k;

,e;jphpa';fSk; fuz';fSk; fle;J mwpaf;Toa mDgtnk

mUl;bgU";n$hjp vd;fpwhh;/

jE fuzhjpfs;jhk; fle;J mwpa[nkhh;

mDgtkhfpa mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (mfty;)

kdk; bray;gLfpd;wtiu mUl;bgU";n$hjp mDgtk;

fpl;lhjhk;/ Vbddpy; vg;nghJk; vijahtJ vz;zpf;bfhz;nl

,Uf;fpd;w kdk; rpe;jidaw;W kfhbksd epiy mila[';fhyj;nj

mUl;bgU";n$hjp tps';Fk; vd;fpd;whh;/

ciu kd'; fle;j xU bgU btspnky;

miuR bra;J X';Fk; mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (mfty;)

mUl;bgU";n$hjp mDgtk; vd;why; mij xU kdpjd;

jd; mfj;jpDs;nsjhd; fhz Koa[nk jtpug; g[wj;nj fhz

Kw;gl;lhy; njhd;whJ vd;fpwhh; ts;syhh;/

bghJt[zh; t[zUk; nghjyhy; gphpj;nj

mJ vdpy; njhd;wh mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (mfty;)

mfj;jpny mUl;bgU";n$hjp jhprdk; vt;thW ,Uf;Fk;>

mJ Kr;Rluhf tps';Fkhk;/ ghliyf; ftdpa[';fs;:

<w;wwpnad; ,Ue;jpUe;jp'; fjprapg;gbjd;eP

vd;fpd;wha; ePjhd; vidtpl;nlFbjhWk; ehd;whd;

fhw;wwpahj; jPgk;nghy; ,Ue;jpLk; mj;jUzk;

fz;l ghpbrd; g[fy;ntd; mz;lgfpuz;lk;

www.vallalar.org
 - 47 -

njhw;wwpahg; bgU";n$hjp kiy guehjj;nj njhd;wpa

jh';fjdLnt njhw;wpa bjhd;wJ jhd;

khw;wwpahg; bghd;bdhspnah mt;bthspf;Fs;shLk;

ts;syjUbshspnah <jjprapf;Fk; tifna/

,g;ghlypd; jpuz;l tpsf;fk; ,Jjhd;: V kdnk eP vid tpl;L

mfd;wt[ld; ehd; fhw;wpdhy; mirf;fg;glhj jPgk; nghy; mirahJ

epd;nwd;/ me;j epiyapy; guehjk; vd;w epiy cUthfp me;jg;

guehj epiyapy; bgU";n$hjp kiynghy; njhd;wpaJ/

mg;bgU";n$hjp eLnt bghd;bdhsp xd;W njhd;wpaJ/

mg;bghd;bdhspapd; eLnt njhd;wpa xspna ts;syhfpa ,iwtdhk;/

bgU";n$hjp ? xU n$hjp

bghd;bdhsp ? xU n$hjp

brt;bthsp ? xU n$hjp

n$hjpa[l; n$hjpa[l; n$hjpna ,iwtd;/

bgU";n$hjp Muk;gk; mjhtJ mo

bghd;bdhsp eL

brt;bthsp Ko

Mz;ltdpd; mo eL Koapd; tpsf;fKk; ,Jnt/

bgU";n$hjp rpw;rig/ mjd; eLnt njhd;wpa

bghd;bdhspna bghw;rig/ mg;bghw;rigahfpa bghd;bdhspapd;

cs;ns njhd;Wtnj eluhrh;??

,ijj;jhd; cs;bshspapd; mirnt eluhr eldk; vd;W

Twpa[s;shh;/ ngbuhspa[k; bghd;bdhspa[k; fhl;rpg; bghUns/ cs;bshsp

kl;Lnk ,e;j clk;gpy; fyg;gJ/ Mjhuk;

1) jpUf;ffjtk; jpwthnah jpiufbsy;yhk; jtph;j;nj

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 - 48 -

jpUtUshk; bgU";n$hjpj; jpUt[Uf; fhl;lhnah/

2) kzpf; fjtk; jpwthnah kiwg;igbayhk;

jtph;j;nj khw;wwpahg; bghd;nd epd; totJ fhl;lhnah

3) ciu fle;j jpU mUl; ngbuhsp toitf; fye;nj

,iwtd; vd;gJ cs;ns fhQqfpd;w Kr;Rlhpy; K:d;whtJ

Rlh;/ mJ ,e;j clk;gpy; fyg;gijna ,iwtDld; ,uz;lwf;

fyj;jy; vd;whh;/ ,jdhy;jhd; mUl;bgU";n$hjp mDgtk; vd;whh;/

,e;j xspiaf; fz;L fye;jijna vd; fz;zhy;

fz;L bfhz;nld; fdpe;J bfhz;nld; fye;J bfhz;nld; vd;W

ts;syhh; ghoa[s;shh;/

,iwtDld; ,uz;lwf; fye;jhh; ts;syhh; vd;gJ

cz;ik/ Mdhy; vg;nghJ fye;jhh; ? vt;thW fye;jhh; vd;gjd;

cz;ik vd;d> ts;syhh; jpUf;fhg;gpl;Lf; bfhz;l gpd;dh;

,iwtDld; fyf;ftpy;iy/ mjw;F Kd;ng ,iwtDld;

,uz;lwf; fye;J tpl;lhh;/ Mjhuk;

X';fhu miz kPJ ehdpUe;j jUzk;

cte;bjdJ kzthsh; rpte;j totfd;nw

<';fhug; gdpf;F tobtLj;J vjpnu epd;whh;

,Ue;jUs;f vd vGe;njd; vGe;jpUg;gbjd; eP

M';fhuk; xHp vd;whh; xHpj;jpUe;njd; mg;nghJ

mth; ehndh ehd; mtnuh mwpe;jpyd; Kd; Fwpg;ig

C'fhu ,uz;LUt[k; xd;whnzhk; M';nf

ciwe;j mDgtk; njhHp epiwe;j bgUbtspna

(5440)

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 - 49 -

,uz;LUt[k; xd;whndk; vd;w thpapy; ,iwtd; jd;Dld;

fye;jij btspg;gLj;Jfpd;whh; ts;syhh;/

mUl;bgU";n$hjp. ts;syhh; clk;gpy; fye;jjhy;

ts;syhnu mUl;bgU";n$hjpahdhh;/ rhd;W

mUl;n$hjp Mndd; vd;W miwag;gh KuR

mUshl;rp bgw;nwd; vd;W miwag;gh KuR

kUl;rhh;g[ jPh;e;njd; vd;W miwag;gh KuR

kuzk; jtph;e;njd; vd;W miwag;gh KuR

,iwtDld; ,uz;lwf; fyg;gJ vd;gJ ,e;j clk;g[

,Uf;Fk;nghnj jtk; bra;J guehj epiy tiu brd;W

ngbuhspiaf; fz;L. gpd;dh; mjd; eLnt bghd;bdhspiaf; fz;L

Kothf mirfpd;w xspahfpa brt;bthspiaf; fz;L mr;

brt;bthsp ,e;j clk;gpny fyf;fg; bgWtJjhd; ,iwtDld;

fyf;fg; bgWjy; MFk;/ brt;bthspjhd; ek;Ks;ns fhzg;gLk;

,iwtd;/

,e;j cz;ikia czuhky; jpUf;fhg;gpl;Lf; bfhz;lgpd;

ts;syhh; ,iwtDld; ,uz;lwf; fye;J tpl;lhh; vd;W TWtJ

mwpahik/ ,iwtDld; ts;syhh; jhd; jpUf;fhg;gpl;Lf;

bfhs;tjw;F Kd;ng fye;J tpl;lhh;/

gpUk;kh tpc;&Qq Uj;ud; Mfpa Kk;K:h;j;jpfSk; V';fp

epw;f ehd; ,Ue;j Foirapy; ,iwtd; EiHe;jhd;/ vd; clk;gpy;

EiHe;jhd; vd; cs;sj;jpYk; EiHe;Jtpl;lhd; vd;W

vLj;Jiuf;fpd;whh; ts;syhh;/

thdpUf;Fk; gpukh;fSk; ehuzUk; gpwUk;

khjtk; gd;dhl; g[hpe;J kzp khl eLnt

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 - 50 -

njdpUf;Fk; kyuiz nkw; gspf;fiwapD}nl

jpUto nrh;j;jUs;f vdr; brg;gp tUe;jpaplt[k;

ehdpUf;Fk; Foirapny type;J EiHe;bjdf;nf

ey;y jpUtUsKjk; ey;fpa jd;wpa[bkd;

CdpUf;Fk; FoirapYk; cte;J EiHe;bjspnad;

cs;sbkDk; rpW Foira[s;S EiHe;jidna/

,jdhy; jhd;; ,iwtid mUl;bgU";n$hjp vd;W Twpa

ts;syhh;; mij mDgtk; vd;Wk; Twpdhh;/

,e;j cz;ik kw;w bghpnahh;fl;Fj; bjhpahjh vd;w

tpdh vGfpd;wJ/ ts;syhh; ,jw;Fk; tpilaspf;fpd;whh;/

xt;bthU rkaj;jpYk; cUtfkhff; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s

xt;bthU bja;tKk; jpUr; rpw;wk;gyk; vd;Wk; rpw;rig vd;Wk;

Twg;gLfpd;w g[Ut kj;jpapy; fhQqk; cs; xspiaj; jhd; g[wj;nj

tz;zk; tot[ Kjypad bfhLj;J xU kDc;&aidg; nghy;

fw;gidahf mikj;Js;shh;fs;/ ,e;j cyfj;jpny cs;s mj;jid

rka';fSk; TWtJ ,e;j cz;ikiaj;jhd; vd;fpwhh;/

bfhoapilg; bgz; ngjha;; mk;gyj;nj eof;Fk;

Tj;jho vd;bwdJ bfhGeh; jk;ikf; Fwpj;jha;

goaplj;nj thdplj;nj ghjyj;nj mz;l

gfpuz;l nfhoapny gjp tpsf;fbkyhk;

mokyh; bfhz;L Iah; bra;a[k; jpUf; Tj;jpd;

tpsf;fkhFk; vd;W mUkiwahfk';fs;

bfoa[wnt giwaoj;Jj; jphpfpd;w mtw;iwf;

nfl;lwpe;J bfhs;tha; epd;thl;lbkyhk; jtph;j;nj/

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 - 51 -

,e;j mz;l gfpuz;l nfhoapny ,Jtiu njhd;wpa

mUshsh;fs; Twpa[s;s epj;jpah;fs; vd;Wk; K:h;j;jpfs; vd;Wk;

njtbud;Wk; mtuth; juj;jpw;Fj; jf;fthW gho itj;jpUf;fpd;w

mj;jida[k; g[Ut kj;jpahfpa rpw;rig tpsf;fnkahFk;/ mt;thnw

vd;Dila ghly;fs; midj;Jk; rpw;wk;gyg; ghl;nl

bghd;dk;gyg;ghl;nl vd;W TWfpd;whh;/

ehLfpd;w gy nfho mz;l gfpuz;l ehl;lhh;fs; ahtUk;

me; ehl;lhz;ik ntz;o

ePLfpd;w njtbud;Wk; K:h;j;jpfshbkd;Wk;

epj;jpah;fbsd;Wk; M';nf epiyj;jbtyhk; kd;wpy;

MLfpd;w nrtof;nf j';fs; j';fs; juj;Jf;

fhdtif brhd;khiy mzpe;jjhdyd;nwh

ghLfpd;w vd;Didla ghl;bly;yhk; bghd;dk;

gyg;ghl;nl rpw;wk;gyg; ghl;nl njhHp

,e;jr; rkaj; bja;t';fbsy;yhk; g[wj;nj fw;gidahf

cUthf;fg;gl;litna jtpu cz;ikapy; me;je;j tot';fspy;

,Ug;gitay;y/ mjdhy;jhd; rkaj; bja;t';fis tHpghL bra;tJ

mtrpaky;y vd;whh; ts;syhh;/

ehk; ,Jtiu vz;zpa[k; ghh;j;jpuhj Xh; cz;ikiaa[k;

btspapLfpd;whh;. mjhtJ Mjpapy; flt[is kiwj;jtd; Xh;

ty;ytd; vd;Dk; mtd; g{l;oa me;jg; g{l;il ,Jtiu xUtUk;

jpwe;j ghoy;iy vd;Wk; vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;whh;/ mjhtJ ,iw

cz;ikia mwpe;jpUe;J';Tl cz;ikia btspg;gilahfg; ghku

kf;fSk; czUk;gof; Twhky; gy;ntW fw;gidfis cz;lhf;fpg;

gy cUt';fisg; gilj;J xt;bthd;Wf;Fk; btt;ntW bgahpl;L

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 - 52 -

mt;thnw mj;jid bja;t';fSk; ,Ue;J mUs;ghypg;gjhfnt

Twptpl;lhh;fs;/; ntj';fSk; Mfk';fSk; Tl ,t;thW cz;ikia

btspg;gilahf ciuf;fhky; Njhfnt TWfpd;wd vd;fpwhh;

ts;syhh;/

ntjhfk';fbfsd;W tPz; thjkhLfpd;wPh;

ntjhfkj;jpd; tpistwpaPh; ? Njhfr;

brhd;dtyhy; cz;ikbtsp njhd;w ciuj;ypiy

vd;d gandh ,it/

bja;tj;jpd; cz;ikia kf;fSf;F tpsf;f te;jth;

ts;syhh;/ vdntjhd; mtuhy; kl;Lk; bja;tj;jpd; cz;ikiaj;

bjspthf ciuf;f Koe;jJ/

ts;syhh; mile;j ngWjhd; vd;d> mthpd; cz;ikahd

epiy ahJ>

"hdj;jpYk; xGf;fj;jpYk; rpwe;j ts;syhh; ,iwtidf;

fhQqk; Kaw;rpapy; <LgLfpd;whh;/ $PtfhUz;ank tothf tps';fpa

ts;syhh; jtj;ij nkw;bfhz;lhh;/ gpUk;kh. tpc&;Qq. Uj;ud;.

knfRud;. rjhrptd;. tpe;J Mfpa g{j epiyfs; fle;J ehjk;

gutpe;J guehjk; jpf;fpuhe;jk; mjpf;fpuhe;jk; Rj;j rptk; vd;w

Md;khDgt epiyfisa[k; fle;J mjPj epiyiaa[k; mile;jhh;/

mjd; tpisthf ,iwtdhff; fUjg;gLk; Kr;Rlh;fisa[k; cs;ns

fz;lhh;/ mKjKk; cz;lhh;/ ,wth epiybgw;whh;/ Kr;Rlh;fspy;

n$hjpa[l; n$hjpa[l; n$hjpahf tps';Fk; br";Rlnu ,iwtd;/

mt;bthsp ,tuJ clk;gpy; fye;jJ/ ,ijna ,iwtDld;

fyg;gJ vd;W tpsf;fpdhh;. mth; cly; epHy; tpHhj Rj;j njfkhf

khwpaJ ? gpd;dh; gpuzt njfkhf khwp Kothfj; njhd;wpa[k;

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 - 53 -

njhd;whkYk; vd;Wk; mHpahJ tps';ff;Toa "hd njfkhf khwp

,d;Wk; mHpahJ ,Uf;fpd;wJ/ mth; njfk; fz;Qqf;Fj;

njhd;whky; kiwe;J ,Uf;ff; Toa jd;ik bgw;wij ed;F

tps';fpf; bfhs;nthkhf/

ts;syhiu ekf;Fj; Jizahf Mz;ltd; ,Uf;f

itj;Js;shd;/ Mjhuk;??

vy;yhh;f;Fk; filaha; ,Ue;nj Df;fUs;g[hpe;J

vy;yhh;f;Fk; Jizah apUf;f itj;jhbak;bgUkhd;

vy;yhh;f;Fk; bghJtpy; elkpLfpd;wha; ,t;tz;zk;

vy;yhh;f;Fk; bra;ahik ahJ Fwpj;jpir vdf;nf

(5409)

ekf;Fj; Jizahf ts;syhh; ,Uf;fpwhh; vd;gij ehk;

ed;F czu ntz;Lk;/

nkYk; ehk; cWjpahf mwpa ntz;oaJ xd;Wz;L/ mJ

ahbjdpy; mUl;bgU";n$hjp mftypy; moapw; Fwpj;Js;s ehd;F

thpfs; jhd;/

@cyfpdpy; caph;fSf;F cWk; ,ila{bwyhk;

tpyf eP mile;J tpyf;Ff kfpH;f

Rj;j rd;khh;f;f Rf epiy bgWf

cj;jkdhFf X';Ff vd;wid@

,e;j thpfis Cd;wpf; ftdpf;ft[k;/ @vd;wid@ vd;w

brhy; Mz;ltd; ts;syhhplk; cyfpdpny caph;fs; gLk;

Jd;g';fis bay;yhk; eP mile;J tpyf;Ff kfpH;f vd;Wk; Rj;j

rd;khh;f;f Rf epiy bgWf cj;jkdhFf X';Ff vd;Wk;

Twpdhdhk;/ Mz;ltd; fl;lisg;go ekf;F tUfpd;w

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 - 54 -

,ila{Wfis tpyf;f ntz;oa bghWg;g[ ts;syhUf;F Mz;ltdhy;

jug;gl;oUf;fpwJ/ vdnt ekJ Jd;g';fisa[k; ,ila{Wfisa[k;

tpyf;fpj; jUk;go ts;syhhplk; Kiwapl ntz;Lk; vd;gnj

Mz;ltd; cj;juthFk;/ ehk; Mz;ltd; cj;juit kPwhky; ekf;F

,ila{Wfs; njhd;Wk; nghJ mtw;iw ePf;FkhW ts;syhiu ntz;o

mt;tpila{Wfs; eP';fg; bgw;W thH;nthkhf/

ts;syhh; fhl;oa tHp

vd;dpiy apJt[W epd;dpiy ,Jthk;

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 - 55 -

,U epiyfSk; xU epiybad mwptha;

Kd;dpiy rpwpJwy; ,J kay; cwyhk;

Kd;dpiy gpd;dpiy KG epiy csthk;

,e;epiy mwpe;jtz; vGepiy fle;nj

,adpiy milf vd;wpak;gpa gunk

jd;dpiy ahfpa ed;dpiy aunr

jdp eluhr vd; rw;FUkzpna

(3694)

jdf;F Mz;ltd; mwptpj;jij ,e;jg; ghlypy; ek;

bgUkhdhh; mwptpf;fpd;whh;/ mjhtJ vd;Dila epiy ,Jjhd;

vd;W Kjypy; Mz;ltd; tpsf;fpdhd;/ ve;j epiy vd;Dilajhf

cs;snjh me;j epiyjhd; eP mila ntz;oa epiy[akhFk;/ ePa[k;

me;j epiyia mile;jhy; gpd;dh; eP ntW ehd; ntW my;y/

,Uth; epiya[k; xd;nw/ ,jpypUe;J ehk; czu ntz;oaJ

vd;dbtdpy; xt;bthU kdpjDk; flt[shf ntz;Lk;/ Koa[kh> ?

Koa[bkdpy; vt;thW> ,jw;Fj;jhd; ts;syhh; tHpfhl;Lfpd;whh;/

ekf;F tHp fhl;Ltjw;nf Mapuf; fzf;fhd ghf;fis

ts;syhh; ,aw;wp; mUspa[s;shh;/ mtuJ ghf;fs; MW jpUKiwfshf

tFf;fg;gl;oUe;jhYk; ehk; ehd;F ghf';fshf mtw;iw czuyhk;/

1/ ek;Kila rpWikfis Mz;ltdplk; tpz;zg;gpg;gJ/

2/ Mz;ltDila bgUikfis mwpe;J nghw;WtJ/

3/ ts;syhhpd; mDgt';fis btspg;gLj;Jgit/

4/ ts;syhh; ekf;Fj; jUk; mwpt[iug; ghf;fs;/

ts;syhh; je;Js;s mwpt[iufisg; gpd;gw;wpdhy; mth;

mile;j mDgt';fis ehKk; mila Koa[k;/ cjhuzj;jpw;F

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 - 56 -

ts;syhh; bgw;w mDgtj;ij tpsf;Fk; xU ghliy vLj;Jf;

bfhs;nthk;/

fhl;il bayh'; fle;J tpl;nld; ehl;ilaile;Jd; fo efh;g;

bghd; kjpw;fhl;rp fz; Fspuf; fz;nld;

nfhl;ilbayhk; bfho ehl;of; nfhykplg; ghh;j;njd; nfhapypd; nky;

thapypny Fiwfbsy;yhk; jtph;j;njd;

nrl;il aw;Wf; fUtpbayhk; vd; trk; epd;wplnt rpj;jpbayhk;

bgw;nwd; ehd; jpUr; rpw;wk;gy nky;

ghl;ilbayhk; ghLfpd;nwd; ,J jUzk; gjpna gye;jUbkd;

cse;jdpny fye;J epiwe;J mUns

,e;jg; ghlypy; ts;syhh; jUk; tpsf;fk;jhd; vd;d>

fhL vd;gJ kpUf';fs; thGk; ,lk;/ ehL vd;gJ

kdpjh;fs; thGk; ,lk;/ fhl;ilbayhk; fle;J tpl;nld; vd;W Twp

vij tpsf;Ffpd;whh;> ek; bgUkhdhh; jpUbthw;wpa{Uf;Fr; brd;W

bfhz;oUe;jhh;/ tHpapy; xU eph;thz re;epahrp mkh;e;J bfhz;L

mt; tHpahfr; bry;nthiug; ghh;j;J eha; nghfpwJ ? ehp nghfpwJ ?

rp';fk; nghfpd;wJ ? g[yp nghfpd;wJ vd;bwy;yhk; Twpf;

bfhz;oUe;jhh;/ J}uj;nj ts;syhh; tUtijg; ghh;j;j me;j

eph;thz re;epahrp Xh; cj;jk kdpjh; tUfpd;whnu vd;W

kfpH;e;jhuhk;/

ts;syhiuj; jtpu kw;w midtUk; kpUf';fshfnt

mjhtJ kdpj cUtpy; kpUf Fzj;Jld; thH;e;J te;Js;sdh;/

,f; fhyj;Jk; mnj epiyjhd; vd;W Twyhk;/

Vkhw;Wfpd;wth;fSk;. gHpth';Ffpd;wth;fSk; mLj;jth;; brhj;ij

mgfhpf;fpd;wth;fSk; ,Uf;fj;jhnd bra;fpd;wdh;/ Kjypy; xt;bthU

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 - 57 -

kdpjDk; jd;dplKs;s kpUf Fzj;ij mwpe;J mij xHpj;J

kdpjdhf khw ntz;Lk;/ ,ijj;jhd; fhl;ilf; fle;J ehl;il

mile;J vd;whh;/ kdpjdhf khwpa gpd;dh; miljw;F mhpajhfpa

,iwtdpd; ,Ug;gplk; vdg;gLk; rpw;wk;gyj;ij mile;njd;/ mij

vdf;Fr; brhe;jkhf;fpf; bfhs;s Kide;njd;/ bfhoehl;Ljy;

vd;gJ brhe;jkhf;fpf; bfhs;Sjny/ me;j epiyapy; ve;jf;

Fiwa[k; kdjpy; ,y;yhky; epiwt[ Vw;gl ntz;Lk;/ mjhtJ

vjd; kPJk; Vf;fk; bfhs;shky; epuhira[ld; ,Ue;jhy; kdk;

Kjyhfpa fUtpfs; nrl;ilaw;W epw;Fk;/ rpj;jpbayhk; fpl;Lk;/

,e;jg; ghlypd; jpuz;l fUj;J vd;dbtdpy; Kjypy; xt;bthU

kdpjDk; jd;dplKs;s kpUf Fzj;ij mjhtJ jPa Fz';fis

xHpj;J kdpjdhf khwp jd;Ds;ns ,iwtd; tps';Fk;

jpUr;rpw;wk;gykhfpa nfhl;ilia mwpe;J kdjpny epuhiria

Vw;gLj;jpf; bfhz;L kdk; Kjyhfpa fuz';fisr; brayw;Wg;

nghFkhW jtk; bra;jhy; rpj;jpbayhk;; fpl;Lk; vd;gnjahFk;/

kfhnjt khiyapypUe;Jk; xU Kj;jhd ghlypd;

fUj;ij ,';nf czh;e;J bfhs;tJ ed;ik gaf;Fk;/ mst[

fle;j beL';fhyk; kdjhy; ,iwtid cah;e;jtdhf vz;zp

kjpg;g[j; jUtjhYk;. cs;sj;jpny cz;ikahf czuhJ

nkbyGe;jthhpahf thapdhny kl;Lk; ,iwtdJ ehkj;ij

cr;rhpg;gjhYk; mtiu mile;Jtpl KoahJ vd;W czh;e;Jbfhz;l

cz;ikahd mwpt[ilnahh; jdJ ge;jj;ij ePf;fp. kdk; Kjypa

fuz';fisa[k; ePf;fp. cyfhajg; gog;gwpita[k; ePf;fp. bka;. tha;.

fz;. K:f;F brtpahfpa ,e;jphpa';fisa[k; epf;fpufkhf;fp. Mir

vdg;gLk; khia jd;idj; jPz;lhjthW mfd;W. ve;jf;

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 - 58 -

fhhpaj;ijr; bra;J Koj;jhYk; ehk; bra;J Koj;Jtpl;nlhk; vd;w

fh;tpjj;jpw;F ,l';bfhlhJ. Mztk; khia fd;kk; Mfpa

Kk;ky';fspy; VJk; jiybaLf;f bthl;lhJ mlf;fpj;. jtk;

bra;J. ey;y btg;gk; clypy; Vwt[k;. mJ Fiwt[glhj tifapy;

cyfpay; bjhlh;ig tpl;L. mfd;W epd;why; ? mg;go epw;nghiu

,iwtd; N:H;e;J fye;J epw;ghd; vd;gnj/

kl;lfd;w beL';fhyk; kdj;jhy; thf;fhy; kjpj;jpoDk; g[yk;gpoDk;

thuhbjd;nw

fl;lfd;w bka;awpnthh; fuzk; ePf;fpf; fiyafw;wpf; fUtpbayhk;

fHw;wp khia

tpl;lfd;W fUk ky nghjk; aht[k; tpLj;bjhHpj;J

rfrky tPf;fk; ePf;fpr;

Rl;lfd;W epw;f mth; jk;ik Kw;Wk; N:H;e;J

fye;jpLk; rptnk Jhpaj; njnt

,t;thW gy Mapuf; fzf;fhd ghf;fspy; ek;Kila

epiyikiaa[k; ehk; bra;a ntz;Ltd ahit vd;gija[k; tpsf;fp

ek; bgUkhdhh; ghoa[s;shh;/

,it nghjhbtd;W ciueilahft[k; jdJ

mwpt[iufis kpf vspa Kiwapy; mspj;Js;shh;/ ehk; mila

ntz;oa bgUk; g[Uc&hh;j;j';fs; ehd;F vd;ghh;/

1/ Vk rpj;jp

2/ rhfhf; fy;tp

3/ jj;Jt epf;fpufk; bra;jy;

4/ flt[s; epiyawpe;J mk;kakhjy;

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 - 59 -

,e;j ehd;F bgUk; g[Uc&hh;j;j';fis miltjw;F ehk;

cz;ikahff; filg;gpof;f ntz;oa xGf;f';fSk; ehd;F MFk;/

mitahtd/

1/ ,e;jphpa xGf;fk;

2/ fuz xGf;fk;

3/ $Pt xGf;fk;

4/ Md;k xGf;fk;

bka;. tha;. fz;. K:f;F. brtp. Mfpa Ie;J bghwpfl;Fk;

xGf;fk; fw;gpg;gnj ,e;jphpa xGf;fkhFk;/

1/ bfhoa brhy; brtp g[fhJ ehj Kjypa

!;njhj;jpu';fis cw;Wf; nfl;ly;/

2/ mRj;j ghprkpy;yhJ jahtz;zkhfg; ghprpj;jy;

3/ FU:ukhfg; ghuhjpUj;jy;

4/ cUrp tpUk;ghjpUj;jy;

5/ Rfe;jk; tpUk;ghjpUj;jy;

6/ ,d; brhy;yhly;

7/ bgha; brhy;yhjpUj;jy;

8/ $Ptcwpk;i! nehpL';fhyj;jpy; vt;tpjj;

je;jpuj;jpdhyhtJ jil bra;jy;

9/ bghpnahh;fs; vGe;jUspapUf;Fk; ,l';fSf;Fr; bry;Yjy;/

10/ $Pnthgfhu epkpj;jkha; rhJf;fs; thr!;jhd';fspYk;

ntW ,l';fspYk; r";rhpj;jy;

11/ ed; Kaw;rpapy; bfhLj;jy; vLj;jyhjp bra;jy;

12/ ky $y cghjpfis mf;fpuk mjpf;fpukkpd;wp fpukj;jpy;

epw;fr; bra;tpj;jy;/ vt;tpjbkdpy; kpj Mfhuj;jhYk;

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 - 60 -

kpj nghfj;jhYk; bra;tpj;jy;/ fhyngjj;jhYk; cc;&s

Mghrj;jhYk; jil neh;e;jhy; Xc&jp tiffshYk;.

bgsjpf K:y';fshYk;. rungj m!;j !;ghpr

je;jpuj;jhYk; K:yh';fg; gpuztj; jpahd r';fw;gj;jhYk;

bra;tpj;jy;/

13/ Rf;fpyj;ij mf;fpuk mjpf;ukj;jpy; tplhJ epw;wy;

ke;jjuk;/

14/ vt;tifapYk; Rf;fpyk;; btspg;glhky; bra;tpj;jy;

(jPtpujuk;)

15/ ,iltplhJ nfhrj;ijf; ftrj;jhy; kiwj;jy;

16/ ,Jnghy; cr;rp. khh;g[ Kjypa m';f';fisa[k; kiwj;jy;

17/ r";rhpf;F';; fhyj;jpy; fhypw; ftrk; jhpj;jy;

18/ mGf;fhil cLj;jhjpUj;jy;

fuz xGf;fk;

1/ kdijr; rpw;rig vd;Wk; mwpthfpUjp Mf;fy;/ ,jd;

g{h;tj;jpy; g[Ut kj;jpapy; epw;fr; bra;jy;

2/ Jh; tpc&aj;ijg; gw;whjpUf;fr; bra;jy;

3/ rPtnjhc&k; tprhhpahjpUj;jy;

4/ jd;id kjpahjpUj;jy;

5/ braw;iff; Fz';fshy; cz;lhfpa bfLjpfis ePf;fp

,aw;ifahfpa rj;Jt kakhf epw;wy;

6/ gpwh; nky; nfhgpahjpUj;jy;

7/ jdJ rj;JUf;fshfpa jj;Jt';fisf; nfhgpj;jy;

8/ mf;fpuk mjpf;fpukg; g[zh;r;rp bra;ahjpUj;jy;

$Pt xGf;fk;

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 - 61 -

Mz; kf;fs;. bgz; kf;fs; Kjypa ahth;fsplj;jpYk;

$hjp. rkak;. kjk;. Mrpukk;. N:j;jpuk;. nfhj;jpuk;. Fyk;. rh!;j;jpu

rk;ke;jk;. njr khh;f;fk;. cah;e;njhh;. jhH;e;njhh; vd;Dk; ngjk; eP';fp

vy;nyhiua[k; jk;kth;fsha;r; rkj;jpy; bfhs;StJ/

Md;k xGf;fk;
ahid Kjy; vWk;g[ <whfj; njhd;wpa vz;gj;J ehd;F

yl;rk; nahdp ngjKs;s $Pth;fsplj;jpYk; ,uf;fk; itj;J Md;khnt

rigahft[k; mjd; cs;bshspna gjpahft[k; fz;L g{uzkhf epw;wy;/

,tw;Ws; ,e;jphpa xGf;fk;. fuz xGf;fk; Mfpa Kjy;

,uz;L xGf;f';fSk; $Pt Kaw;rpahy; ifTLk;/ vdnt cz;ik

czh;nthL xt;bthUtUk; filg;gpof;f ntz;Lk;/

$PtfhUz;aj;jhy; gpukd; Ma[Rk;.

ghr ituhf;aj;jhy; tpl;LQqtpDila Ma[Rk;

<Rugf;jpahy; Uj;jpud; Ma[Rk;

gpuk "hdj;jhy; vd;Wk; mHpahj Rth;z njfk;

Kjypaita[k; bgw;Wf; flt[s; kakhfyhk;/

,utpy; jPgkpy;yhj ,lj;jpy; ,Uf;fg;glhJ/ Vbddpy;

mg;goapUe;jhy; mJ Ma[s; ec;&*lj;ij cz;L gz;Qqk;/

rpdk; vd;gJ cs;ntf;fhL. g[l epahak; nghy;. ,J

njfj;ijr; rPf;fpuk; ec;&lk; bra;a[k;/

btFsp vd;gJ kPir Joj;jy;. fz; rptj;jy;. iffhy;

clk;g[ Joj;jy; Kjyhfpatw;iw btspg;gilahff; fhl;Ljy;/

,Jt[k; Ma[is ec;&lk; bra;a[k;/

gR vd;gJ Ie;J kyKs;sJ

$Ptd; vd;gJ K:d;W g';F kyKs;sJ

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 - 62 -

Md;kh vd;gJ xU g';F kyKs;sJ

rptk; vd;gJ Kw;Wk; kyk; eP';fpaJ/

Rj;j rd;khh;f;f yl;rpa mDgt tpUg;gk; cilath;fl;F

edtpYk; kz;zhir. fdtpYk; bgz;zhir. RGj;jpapYk;

bghd;dhir Kjypa K:d;Wk; Tlhthk;/ jd;;idf; fhl;lhJ xspf;f

ntz;Lk;/

J}f;fj;ij xHpj;jhy; Ma[R tpUj;jpahFk;/ xUtd; xU

ehisf;F ,uz;liu ehHpif J';fg; gHf;fk; bra;thdhdhy; Mapuk;

Mz;Lfs; $Ptpj;jpUg;ghd;/

,t;thWk; ,d;Dk; mndf mwpt[iufis ts;sw;

bgUkhdhh; ekf;F mspj;Js;shh;/

kuzkpyhg; bgUthH;it jhd; bgw;wJld; kd epiwt[

milahky; kdpjuha;g; gpwe;j xt;bthUtUk; mila ntz;Lk; vd;W

Twpdhh;/

ve;bje;j tHpfspy; kuzk; te;J mila[nkh mj;jid

tHpfisa[k; jtph;j;J vd;Wk; ,Uf;fpd;wthW mjhtJ ,Uf;fpd;whuh

vd;why; Mk; vd;W brhy;YkhW Mz;ltd; mUspdhdhk;/

rhkhwidj;Jk; jtph;j;jp'; bfdf;nf

MkhwUspa mUl;bgU";n$hjp/ (mfty;)

ts;syhh; kuzkpyhg; bgUthH;it vt;thW bgw;whh; vd;W

mwpe;J bfhz;lhy; ,Jtiu mtUf;Fg; gpd; Vd; ahUk; bgwtpy;iy

vd;gJk; ek;khy; bgwKoa[kh vd;gJk; g[hpa[k;/ ,Jtiu Twp te;j

xGf;f';fs; mj;jida[k; ek; bgUkhdhUf;F ,ay;ghfnt mike;J

tpl;ld vd;gij mtuJ tuyhW TWfpd;wJ/ vg;ghLgl;lhfpYk;

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 - 63 -

ehKk; mt;bthGf;f';fisg; g{uzkhf Vw;Wf; filg; gpog;gjpy;

btw;wp fhQqnthkhf/

mLj;jJ ts;syhh; czt[ mUe;Jtjpy; vt;thW

tps';fpdhh; vd;gij ehk; ed;F Ma;t[ bra;J mwpa ntz;Lk;/

bjhGt{h; ntyha[j Kjypahh; mth;fs; ts;syhiug; gw;wp mspj;j

thf;FK:yj;jpd; xU gFjp/

@fLk; kuf;fwp cztpdh; ? ,uz;L K:d;W ehisf;F xU

Kiwna cz;ghh; ? mJt[k; rpy fts';fns/ bjhlh;e;J ,uz;L

K:d;W khj';fs; cz;zhjpUg;ghh;/ mf;fhy';fspy; rpwpJ rh;f;fiu

fye;j bte;ePiu kl;Lnk mUe;Jthh;/@

jpU mUl;ghit Cd;wpg; goj;jhy; ts;syhh; rpy fhyk;

,uz;L ntis kl;Lnk czt[; mUe;jpapUf;fpd;whh;/ gpd;dh; xU

ntis kl;Lnk cz;oUf;fpd;whh;/ gpd;dh; mJt[k; ,y;yhJ gy

khj';fs; tiu cznt mUe;jhky; fLk; epuhfhuj; jgrp nghy;

,Ue;jhh; vd;W mwpfpnwhk;/ ek;khy; xU ntisTl cz;zhjpUf;f

Koatpy;iy/ mth; vg;go khjf; fzf;fpy; cz;zhjpUe;jhh;/

tp";"hd hPjpahf mij Ma;t[ bra;nthk;/

xU kdpjDf;F xU ehisf;Fr; ruhrhp 2400 fnyhhp

btg;gk; njit vd;W tp";"hdpfs; fzf;fpl;L cs;sdh;/ ekf;Fj;

njitahd me;j btg;gk; ehk; cz;Qqk; cztpypUe;J

fpilf;fpd;wJ/ ehk; cz;Qqk; czit $Puzpg;gjw;Fk;. fHpt[g;

bghUs;fis btspg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk;. cztpypUe;J fpilj;j

rf;jpia btg;gj;ij cly; KGf;fg; gutr; bra;J ,He;j rf;jpia

kPz;Lk; bgwr; bra;tjw;Fk;. ekJ clk;gpy; cs;s cWg;g[f;fshfpa

,ae;jpu';fs; bray;gLfpd;wd/ ek; clypy; cs;s ,e;j ,ae;jpu';fs;

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 - 64 -

FHe;ijaha;j; njhd;wpaJ Kjy; bray;gl;Lf; bfhz;nl tUtjhy;

fhyg; nghf;fpy; xt;bthd;wha;g; gGjilfpd;wJ/ rpWePufk; ,Ujak;

nghd;w Kf;fpakhd cWg;g[f;fs; gHjile;Jtpl;lhy; kuzk; clnd

rk;gtpf;fpd;wJ/ ehk; czt[ cz;Ljhd; thH ntz;Lk; vd;w epiy

cs;stiu ,e;j ,ae;jpu';fs; bray;gl;nljPUk;/ vd;whtJ xU

ehs; gGJgl;LtpLk;/ mg;nghJ kuzk; neUk;/ vdnt ,e;j

,ae;jpu';fs; gGJgl;lhYk; kuzk; neuhJ thH Koa[kh> czt[

cz;zhky; thH Koe;jhy; ,e;j ,ae;jpu';fs; njitg;glhJ/

cz;zhky; thH Koa[kh> Koa[k; vd;fpwJ Md;kPfk;/ Mjhuk;

ts;syhhpd; thH;t[/ mJ vg;gor; rhj;jpakhFk;>

ekf;Fj; njitahd btg;gj;ij czt[ jtpu ntW

Kiwapy; ek;khy; bgw Koe;jhy; ekf;F czt[ njitapy;iy/

btg;gk; ntW ve;j Kiwahy; fpl;Lk;/ xU kdpjd; rpdk;

bfhs;Sk;nghJ jPa cc;&zKk; jtk; bra;a[k; nghJ ey;y cc;&zKk;

kdpjdpd; clypy; cz;lhfpd;wJ/

xU rhjhuz kdpjd; 2400 fnyhhp btg;gk; fpilf;fj;

njitahd czitf; fl;lhak; cl;bfhs;s ntz;Lk;/

jpahdk; bra;a[k; xUtd; mjd; K:ykhf 1000 fnyhhp

btg;gk; cz;L gz;zpf; bfhs;thd; vdpy; mtd; 1400 fnyhhp

btg;gk; juf; Toa mstpw;F czt[ bfhz;lhy;nghJk;/

mnj nghyj; jpahdj;jpd; K:yk; jpdrhp 2000 fnyhhp

btg;gk; xUtdhy; bgw Koa[khdhy; mtd; 400 fnyhhp btg;gk; juf;

Toa mst[s;s czit cz;lhy; nghJk;/

,t;thW jtk; (m) jpahdj;jpd; K:yk; ey;y btg;gj;ij

xUtd; cz;L gz;Qqthdhy; mtd; cz;Qqk; Mfhuj;jpd; mst[

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Fiwa[k;/ ,ij ts;syhh; @jpahd kakhdhy; bghrpg;g[ khWk;@ vd;W

mwptpf;fpd;whh;/

ts;syhh; Mfhuk; kpf kpff; Fiwthf cz;lJk;;

Mfhunk cz;zhky; thH;e;jJk; mth; bra;j jtj;jpd; tpisnt

MFk;/

ehKk; jpahdk; (m) jtk; bra;aj; bjhl';fpdhy; ehk;

cz;Qqk; Mfhuj;jpd; mst[k; epr;rak; Fiwaf; fhzyhk;/

ehk; jpahdk; (m) jtk; bra;jhy; ey;y cc;&zk;

cz;lhFk; vd;gjw;F vd;d Mjhuk;> 22/10/1873 _Kf Mz;L

Ig;grpj; jp';fs; 7k; ehs; g[jd; fpHik fhiy 8 kzpf;F nkl;Lf;

Fg;gk; rpj;jp tshfj; jpUkhspifapy; Kjd; Kjyhfr; rd;khh;f;ff;

bfho fl;o ts;syhh; bra;j ngUgnjrj;jpy; mth; Twpa[s;sjhtJ :

@ekJ Md;khitj; bjhpabthl;lhky; K:oapUf;fpd;w

gr;irj; jpiuahfpa ,uhfhjpfis tprhu mjp cc;&zj;jhyy;yhJ

kw;w cc;&z';fshy; ePf;f KoahJ/ me;j cc;&zk; nahfpapDila

mDgtj;jpy; bjhpa[k;/ mij kDc;&a juj;jpy; cz;L

gz;Qqtjw;Fj; bjhpahJ/ me;j tprhuj;ijtpl Mz;ltiu

!;njhj;jpuk; bra;fpd;wjpYk;. bja;tj;ij epidf;fpd;wjpYk; mjpf

cc;&zk; cz;lhFk;/ nahfpfs; tdk; kiy KiH Kjypatw;wpw;Fg;

ngha;. E}W. Mapuk; Kjypa tUc&fhyk; jt"; bra;J

,t;t[c;&zj;ij cz;L gz;zpf; bfhs;Sfpd;whh;fs;/ ,g;goj; jtk;

bra;J cc;&zj;ij cz;L gz;zpf; bfhs;Sfpwijg; ghh;f;fpYk;

bja;tj;ij !;njhj;jpuk; bra;fpd;wjpYk; epidf;fpd;wjpYk;

,ijtplf; nfhog; g';F ? gj;J nfhog; g';F mjpfkhf cc;&zk;

cz;L gz;zpf; bfhs;syhk;/ vt;thbwdpy; xU $hk neuk; kdj;jpy;

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 - 66 -

,f tprhukpd;wpg; gutprhhpg;g[ld; Md;k befpH;r;rpnahL bja;tj;ijr;

rpe;jpj;Jf; bfhz;lhtJ my;yJ !;njhj;jpuk; bra;J

bfhz;lhtjpUe;jhy; ehk; bgw ntz;oaijg; bgw;Wf; bfhs;syhk;/@

jpahdk; kakhfp Mfhuk; Fiwaf; Fiwa Ma[s; ePl;og;g[

Vw;gLk;/ Mfhunk njitapy;iy vd;w epiy Vw;gl;lhy; kuzKk;

,y;iy vd;w epiy Vw;gLk;/

Mfhuk; cs;stiu vt;thW kuzKk; cz;nlh mt;thnw

Jf;fk; cs;stiu kuzKk; cz;L/ kuzj;ij bty;y

ntz;Lkhdhy; J}f;fj;ija[k; bty;y ntz;Lk;/ ts;sw; bgUkhdhh;

J}f;fj;ij xHpj;jpUf;fpwhh;/ Mjhuk;

@J}f;fk; bjhiyj;jhd; vd;W CJ}J r';nf

Jd;gk; jtph;j;jhd; vd;W CJ}J r';nf@

vd;W ghLfpwhh;/ ,d;bdhU ghlypy;

@J}f;fk; bjhiye;jJ/ N:hpad; njhd;wpdd;

Vf;fk; jtph;e;njd; vd;W ce;jP gw@ vd;fpwhh;

gfypy; vf;fhuz';bfhz;Lk; cw';ff; TlhJ vd;fpd;whh;/

xUtd; xU ehisf;F xU kzp neuk; J}';fg; gHf;fk;

bra;thdhdhy; mtd; Mapuk; Mz;Lfs; $Ptpj;jpUg;ghd; vd;fpd;whh;/

,tw;iwbay;yhk; Ma;e;J ghh;j;jhy; J}f;fj;ij xHpj;jhy; Ma[R

tpUj;jpahFk; vd;gJ g[hpfpwJ/ J}f;fj;ij xHpf;f Koa[kh> Xh;;

,ut[ Vnjh xU fhuzj;jhy; J}';f Koatpy;iybadpy; kWehs;

KGtJk; if fhy;fs; typ Vw;gLfpwJ ? nrhh;t[k; mjpfkhff;

fhzg;gLfpd;wJ/ kUj;Jth;fSk; jpdk; MW kzp neukhtJ

J}';f ntz;Lk; vd;W mwpt[iu TWfpd;wdh;/ kdpj epiyik

,t;thwpUf;fj; J}f;fj;ij xHpg;gJ vt;thW rhj;jpakhFk;> ehk;

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 - 67 -

J}';Fk; rkaj;jpy;; ekJ K:isapypUe;J xspf; fjph;fs;

njhd;Wtjhft[k; me;j xspf; fjph;fns ek;Kila fisg;ig ePf;fpg;

g[j;Jzh;r;rpia mspg;gjhft[k; tp";"hdpfs; fz;Lgpoj;Js;sdh;/

vdntjhd; J}';FkhW mwpt[Wj;Jfpd;wdh;/ Md;kPfj; Jiwapy;

xUtd; xU kzp neuk; jpahdk; bra;jhy; me;j xU kzp neuj;jpy;

gj;J kzp neuk; J}';fpdhy; vt;tst[ xspf;fjph;fs; njhd;Wnkh

mt;tst[ njhd;Wfpd;wdthk;/ xUtd; xU kzp neuk; jpahdk;

bra;tJ gj;J kzp neuk; J}';fpajw;Fr; rkkhfpd;wJ/ vdnt xU

kzp neuk; rhpahd tifapy; jpahdk; bra;gtDf;Fj; J}f;fk; vd;w

xd;W jdpahfj; njitg;gLtjpy;iy/ jpahdnk J}f;fj;ij xHpf;Fk;

rhjdkhFk;/

MfhuKk; J}f;fKk; mwnt eP';Fkhdhy; kuzk; eP';Fk;

vd;gJ xUg[wkpUf;f me;j epiy mila[k; tiu MfhuKk;

J}f;fKk; njitg;gLfpd;wJ/ mJtiuapy; ehk; filg;gpof;f

ntz;oa epiy ahJ/ Mfhuk; miu vd;ghh; ek;bgUkhdhh;/

Mfhuj;jpy; fj;jphp. KU';if. mtiu nghd;w cc;&zkhd

gjhh;j;j';fisna nrh;j;Jf; bfhs;s ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; Fsph;r;rpahd

gjhh;j;j';fisj; js;s ntz;Lk; vd;fpwhh;/ g{kpf;foapy; tpisfpd;w

fpH';F tiffisg; g[rpf;f ntz;lhk; vd;W Twpath; fUizf;

fpH';F kl;Lk; bfhs;syhk; vd;W TWfpd;whh;/ cztpy; kpsfha;.

g[sp. cg;g[ Mfpait tPrk; g';Fjhd; nrh;f;f ntz;Lk; vd;fpwhh;/

fhprhiy xU g';F. J}Jis. KRKRf;if. rPufk;

Mfpait fhy; g';F vLj;J epHypy; cyh;j;jpr; N:uzkhf;fp xU

nrh; gRk; ghypy; xU nrh; ePh; tpl;L xU tuhfbdil N:uzk;

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 - 68 -

nrh;j;J me;j ePh; KGtJk; Rz;lf; fha;r;rp ehl;Lr; rh;f;fiu

fye;J fhiy czthff; bfhs;syhk;/

,t;thW J}';fp vGtJ Kjy; ,ut[ gLf;fpd;wtiu ehk;

filg;gpof;f ntz;oa tpjp Kiwfis ek; bgUkhdhh; vGjp

itj;Js;shh;/ kfhd;fsplj;jpy; vt;tst[ fhyk; fhj;jpUe;jhYk;

fhprhiyapd; gaid. mUikia btspaplkhl;lhh;fs; vd;W TWk;

ts;syhh; jpnd jpnd gr;irahfthtJ myl;rpak; bra;ahky;

fhprhiyia cl;bfhs;s ntz;Lk; vd;fpd;whh;/

Fog;gJk; Fspg;gJk; bte;ePuhfnt ,Uj;jy; ntz;Lk;/

Fof;ff; Toa bte;ePUf;F ts;syhh; jUk; gf;Ftnk jdpahdJ/

mjhtJ Rf;ifr; Rz;zhk;g[ jltp beUg;gpy; Rl;L mjd; njhiyr;

rPtpg; gpd;dh; J}shf;fp mjpy; fhbril vLj;J 5 g';F ePhpy;

nghl;L ed;F bfhjpf;f itj;J K:d;W g';F ePh; Rz;l ,uz;L

g';F ePh; epw;ff; fha;r;rp me;j ePiuna gUf ntz;Lk;/

Rj;j rd;khh;f;fj;ij miltjw;F K:d;W gofis

ts;syhh; tFf;fpd;whh;/ mitahtd

1/ rka rd;khh;f;fk;

2/ kj rd;khh;f;fk;

3/ Rj;j rd;khh;f;fk;

rka rd;khh;f;fk; vd;W vijnah ehk; vz;zpf;

bfhz;oUf;fpd;nwhk;/ rka rd;khh;f;fj;jpd;; ,ay;g[fshf ts;syhh;

TWtJ Mnw MW rj;Jt Fz';fis kl;Lnk/ mit

,itjhd;/

1/ bfhy;yhik

2/ bghWik

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 - 69 -

3/ rhe;jk;

4/ mlf;fk;

5/ ,e;jphpa epf;fpufk;

6/ Md;k ,aw;iff; Fzkhfpa $PtfhUz;ak;

,e;j MW Fz';fSk; thr;rpahDgtkhfpr;

brhU:ghDgtkhdhy; rka rd;khh;f;fk;/ mLj;jJ kj rd;khh;f;fk;:

kj rd;khh;f;fk; vd;gJ eph;f;Fz yl;rpak; cilaJ

vd;fpd;whh;/ jha[khd Rthkpfs; epiy kj rd;khh;f;f epiybadpy;

,e; epiy vt;tst[ cah;t[ilaJ vd;gij ehk; vz;z ntz;Lk;/

K:d;whtJ gonah Rj;j rd;khh;f;fk;/ ,e;jg; goia

rhjfh; vd;Wk; rhj;jpah; vd;Wk; ,U tifahfg; gphpf;fpd;whh;/ xU

ey;y Mrhhpaidf; bfhz;L bew;wpf; fz;izj; jpwf;fg; bgw;Wf;

bfhz;L rhjfk; gapy;nthh; rhjfh; vdg;gLth;/ ,th;fsJ mDgtk;

rka kj rd;khh;f;f mDgt';fis cs;slf;fpajhf ,Uf;Fk;/

rka kj rd;khhf;f mDgt';fs; Rj;j rd;khh;f;fj;jpw;F

mDgtnkay;yJ ntwpy;iy/

@rka kj mDgt';fs; Rj;j rd;khh;f;fj;jpw;F my;yhjdntad;wp

,y;yhjdty;y@ vd;w thf;fpaj;ij czh;e;jhy; kl;Lnk nghJnk/

Rj;j rd;khh;f;f rhj;jpah;fs; nfl;ly;. rpe;jpj;jy;. bjspjy;.

epc;&ilTly; Mfpa ehd;ifa[k; fle;J MU:luha; epw;gjhy;

mth;fl;Fr; rhjdk; xd;Wk; njitg;gLjypiy/ Rj;j

rd;khh;f;fj;jpdhy; tUk; gybdd;d>

bghj;jpa kyg; gpzpg;g[Gf;Fuk;igjhd;

rpj;jpay; Rj;j rd;khh;f;fr; nrh;g;gpdhy;

epj;jpakhfpna epfGk; vd;gJ rj;jpak;

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 - 70 -

rj;jpak; rfj; JsPh;fns/

ts;syhuJ tHpapy; ele;jhy; Kk;ky';fshYk; nehapdhYk;

ghjpf;fg;gLk; ,e;j njfnk epj;jpa njfkhfp tps';Fk;/

$PtfhUz;ak; ,d;dbjd mwpe;J cz;ikahf mjidf;

iff; bfhs;s ntz;Lk;/ ,e;jphpa fuz xGf;f';fis

vg;ghLgl;lhfpDk; ehk; mila ntz;Lk;/ rka rd;khh;f;fr; rj;Jt

FzKk;. kj rd;khhf;f eph;f;FzKk; ehk; bgwy; ntz;Lk;/

ts;syhh; Twpa[s;s Mfhuf; fl;Lg;ghl;il kjpj;J mjd;go jhd;

czt[; mUe;j ntz;Lk;/ tpUg;ghy; VwhkYk; btWg;ghy;

FiwahkYk; mstwpe;J cz;z ntz;Lk;/ gH tiffspy; g';fsh

thiHg; gHk; my;yJ u!;jhsp jtpu ntW ve;jg; gHj;ija[k;

g[rpf;ff; TlhJ/

jtj;ij mHpf;Fk; rpdj;ij xHpf;f ntz;Lk;/

,tw;nwhLTof; fhiya[k;. khiya[k;. kj;jpahdj;Jk;. ,ut[k;.

ahkj;Jk;. tpoaw;fhiya[k; rhjdkhfpa jpahdj;jpy; mku ntz;Lk;/

,j; jt cc;&zj;jpdhy; clk;g[ ntjpf;fg;gl;Lr; Rj;j njfkhf

khWk;/

,e;j bewpapy; epw;F';fhy; thj gpj;j rpnyhj;Jk';fs;

msnthL epd;W neha; bra;ah/

gr;irj; jpiuahdJ mRj;j khahjpiu. Rj;j khah jpiu

vd ,UTwhf cs;sJ/ ,iwtd; tU';fhyj;jpy; Kaw;rp

bra;nthUf;F kl;Lk; nkw;Fwpj;j ,uz;ila[k; ePf;fp mUs; bra;thd;

vd;Wk; Kaw;rp ,y;yhjth;fl;F mRj;j khahjpiu xd;wpid

kl;Le;jhd; ePf;Fthh; vd;Wk; ts;syhh; Twpa[s;sij epidtpy;

MHkhfg; gjpa itj;Jf; bfhs;nthk;/ jd;kPJ Mizapl;L vy;yhk;

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 - 71 -

bray;TLk; vd thf;FWjp mspj;jpUf;fpwhh;/ mth; brhw;go

ehkhtJ ele;J mtuJ kdij kfpH;tpg;nghk;/ ekf;Fj; Jizahf

epw;Fk; ts;syhh; vd;Wk; ek;ikf; iftplkhl;lhh;/ mth; bgw;w

ngw;iw ehKk; mila[k;gor; bra;tpg;ghh;/ thH;f ts;syhh;

jpUtofs;/

jpUtUl;gpufhr ts;syhh;

jpt;a jpUtofns ruzk;

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 ±Ï×Ϫ»Ì‘œ ×èãÒ‘Ñ
×èãÒ‘Ñ ÏäÆ

…¯€À —µê

µ‘Å —ºìÅ ½Ïõ‘Ñ´°Å µ‘ò

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ƒ€×€ã —ºì×°í Šà™Å

µ‘ò ׀¿º¨Å.
1.ƒ¹±ÍÆ Šà™Å 2.Ì« Šà™Å 3.ó“× Šà™Å 4.‚òÀ Šà™Å

1. ƒ¹±ÍÆ Šà™Å
ƒ¹±ÍÆ Šà™À‘׳ :- —‘¦Æ —œ‘Ö —œØ½‘³ µ‘°Å ðÓÆ
øþ°‘´±Ì›€ã™ þª¥Ö; Ÿ´° ºÍœÁÖÒ‘³ °Æ‘ׯ«À‘¿ ºÍ´°Ö;
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‡Ü׀ÇÕÅ Ÿ™ŽÒÅ —×俺¥‘€À ¶ì´°Ö; ƒ€¥Ø¥‘³ þ‘œ´€°™ ×œ´°‘Ö
À€é´°Ö, ƒ³þº‘Ö …¢, À‘ѽ ðÓÆ ››€ãÉÅ À€é´°Ö; œ¤œÍ™›
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Šà™Å.

2. Ì« Šà™Å
Ì« Šà™À‘׳:
Šà™À‘׳:- À¢ íœ€ºÇò ¯þ« ¶ì´°Ö; °‘׳ ðÓÖ
½Ï× À´±ÇÖ ¶í¢ —œË°Ö; ³ÑØõÆ´€°¿ ºí鑱ϙ¢ —œË°Ö; ó“×þ°‘õÅ
Øœ‘ÍÆ‘±Ï´°Ö; °ò€î À±Æ‘±Ï´°Ö; ƒÌ‘‘± ÿ™Ž ƒÆ퀍¢
œ´³×ÀÆÀ‘°Ö; °î³ °´³×›€ã ™ŽÌÀ´±í —œÖÒ‘³ ¯¦´°Ö ðÓÆî
Ì« Šà™Å.
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Šà™À‘׳::- ‚¯ À™è, —º¯ À™è ðÓÆ Æ‘×э䥴±ÕÅ ó‘±,
ó“× Šà™À‘׳
œÀÆÅ, À°Å, ‚ÌÀÅ, ¡´±ÌÅ, þ‘´±ÌÅ, ÒÅ, œ‘ø±Ì œÅº¹°Å, þ°œÀ‘Ñ™Å,
…Æѹþ°‘Ñ °‘â¹þ°‘Ñ ‡òñÅ þº°Å ÿ™Ž ‡ÖÒ×Ϲ°ÅÀ×эã‘Ë¢ œÀ´±í
—‘èæ°Ö ó“× Šà™Å.

4.‚òÀ Šà™Å
‚òÀ Šà™À‘׳:
Šà™À‘׳:- Æ‘€î Ã°Ö ‡ìŽ „鑍´ þ°‘òêÆ œÎÌ›äÕèã
ó“בòÀ‘þ× ±Ï¢œ€ºÆ‘ÚÅ °ñè ºÌÀ‘òÀ‘þ× º±Æ‘ÚÅ —‘¯¨ Æ‘³Å
ÿ™Àé ‡ÜØ¥´³Å þº°Àíì ‡ÖÒ‘¹ °‘ ¶íéÖ ‚òÀ Šà™Å.

ƒÜׯ«Å ¶òé‘Ö, þÀíê´° ÏŽÏõ‘Ñ´°Å €˜¨Å.

òþº Ïª—ºÏ¤þœ‘±
‚òÀþµÆ …̀À™ °ÆÚ þׯ¨Å.
ƒÏã‘î ÀÒÀì´ ±ºÌ› ‘¯.
„ÌÃÅ ò½Å —‘¯¨ ƒòîÏè —ºì.
…ÇÏèÆ‘Å ‡ÅÃè …ÇÑ! ƒ€×ɫѹþ° …ÇÑ µÒÅ ºÌڍ!
†î …¥Åþº Šäɥź‘ þÆ‘›Ž ¶í £‘î×ð› —‘è.
‡ÖÒ‘ …ÇэæÅ ƒò½íì בâ.
ˆ‘° ÖØ°‘ò œ‘‘° ÖØ.
‰×€¿ ¾°Ú¥Å ºÞ¹±¦Ö ‡ò½ÍÙÑ.
ŠÏ€ÀÇò …Ò—Ò‘Å ‹›!
‹Å ×‘Æ —×òìòñ± ÀîþÀ!

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