GTHS KUMBO_Electrical Department_Third sequence examJan.

2012
1
Courses In
Electrical
Engineering
Volume IV
ELECTRICAL MACHINES
THIRD SEQUENCE EXAM WITH SOLUTION
By
Jean-Paul NGOUNE
DIPET I (Electrotechnics), DIPET II (Electrotechnics)
DEA (Electrical Engineering)
Teacher in the Electrical Department, GTHS KUMBO, Cameroon.
GTHS KUMBO_Electrical Department_Third sequence examJan.2012
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PART ONE : TECHNOLOGY
1. Explain why the series field DC motor rotates at high speed at no load when it
is supplied at his nominal voltage.
2. For each of the following electrical machines, cite a magnetic material which is
used in the manufacturing of the magnetic circuit: a) transformer; b) DC
machine stator, c) permanent magnet DC motor.
3. Give the role of the isoptherme in an AC electrical machine.
4. Give the role of the excitation resistance in a DC motor.
5. Give the role of auxiliary commutation poles in a DC motor.
6. Give the differences between an asynchronous squirrel cage motor and an
asynchronous wound winding motor.
7. Name the test which is conducted in order to determine iron and friction losses
in a DC motor.
PART TWO: ELCTROTECHNOLOGY
Exercise 1: Shunt generator
The open circuit characteristics at 1000rpm of a 4 pole, 220V shunt generator with 72
slots and 8 conductors per slot with armature conductors lap connected is as follows:
Field current (A) 0.25 0.5 1 2 3 4 5
emf (V) 25 50 100 175 220 245 255
The field circuit resistance is 75 .
1. Explain how this test was carried out
REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON
Peace Work Fatherland

GTHS KUMBO/ ELECT DPT

THIRD SEQUENCE EXAM
Class: F
3
6
Option: Electrotechnology
Duration: 03H
Coefficient: 3
Written paper
ELECTRICAL MACHINES
No document is allowed except the one given to
the candidates by the examiners.
GTHS KUMBO_Electrical Department_Third sequence examJan.2012
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2. Plot the curve and determine: a) The emf induced due to residual magnetism;
b) The emf generated at the given field resistance when the generator is under
normal operation.
3. The useful flux per pole.
4. The residual flux.
Exercise 2: Series motor
The starter of a Peugeot 504 (a series motor) takes 200A under a voltage of 12 V.
Under these conditions, it runs at 1000rpm and delivers a useful power of 1500W.
The constant losses are estimated at 100W. Calculate: a) The power absorbed by
the starter. b) Its efficiency. c) Its useful torque. d) The joule losses. e) The total
resistance (armature + field windings). f) The back emf of the motor. g) Determine the
direct starting current. h) What is the value of the resistance to be connected in series
with the motor to limit the starting current to 240A?
Exercise 3: Three Phase asynchronous motor
A three phase asynchronous motor, with the stator coupled in delta, is supplied by a
network supply of 380V, 50Hz. Each phase of the stator has a resistance 0.4 . At no
load the motor rotates at 1500rpm and absorbs a power of 1150W; the current in a
line is 3.2A. A test at a nominal load, under the same voltage of 380V, 50Hz has
given the following results: Slip g = 4%; Power absorbed: Pa = 18.1kW; Line current:
I = 32A.
1. For the no load test, calculate: a) the stator copper losses when the motor rotates
at no load. b) The stator iron losses knowing that the mechanical losses are 510W.
2. For the nominal load test, determine: a) The power factor. b) The speed of rotation.
c) The frequency of the rotor current. d) The stator copper losses. e) The rotor copper
losses. f) The useful power. g) The efficiency of the motor. h) The useful torque
SUBJECT MASTER: NGOUNE Jean-Paul,
PLET Electrotechnics, GTHS KUMBO.
GTHS KUMBO_Electrical Department_Third sequence examJan.2012
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AKNOWLEDGEMENT
Almost all the exercises solved in this document are past Probatoire Technique
examination questions proposed by the Cameroon General Certificate of Education
Board (CGCEB).
PROPOSITION OF SOLUTION
PART ONE TECHNOLOGY:
1. At no load, armature current and consequently the field flux is very is very
small. This leads to the increasing of the speed of DC series motor, since the
speed is inversely proportional to the armature current (to the field flux).
u

= = u =
K
RaIa U
N RaIa U N K E
b
, so when the armature current (and
consequently the field flux) is small, the speed N increases. This is why it is
forbidden to start DC series motor at no load.
2. Magnetic material used for magnetic circuit:
Machine Magnetic material
Transformer Silicon steel
DC machine stator Cast iron
Permanent magnet DC motor Cast iron, ALNICO (Aluminium, Nickel,
Cobalt)
3. The role of isotherme is to regulate the temperature of motor coils to a
constant value.
4. The excitation resistance permits to regulate the field current flowing in the
field coil of the machine, and therefore to regulate the field flux of the machine.
5. The role of the auxiliary commutation poles (interpoles) is to improve on the
commutation by combating the emf of commutation induced when a section is
crossing the neutral line.
6. Difference between squirrel cage motor and asynchronous wound winding
motor:
GTHS KUMBO_Electrical Department_Third sequence examJan.2012
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Wound winding rotor Squirrel cage rotor
Higher starting current Moderate starting current because of
starting rheostat.
We can get access to rotor windings
through slip rings
Rotor conductors are not accessible
Permits smooth starting Can be directly started
7. The test that permits to determine iron and friction losses is the no load test.
PART TWO: ELECTROTECHNOLOGY
Exercise 1: Shunt generator
Data: N = 1000rpm; 2
2
4
= = p ; U = 220V; Z = 72x8 = 576; lap connection;
Rsh = 75 ; shunt generator.
1. Test procedure for the plotting of open circuit characteristics.
The connection of the DC generators for the determination of the open circuit
characteristics is as follows.
A
V G
If
0A
E
+
-
Rh
The field current I
f
is varied rheostatically and its value measured by an ammeter.
The speed si kept constant and the generated emf in the load is measured by the
voltmeter V. The corresponding values are recorded and the graph of E = f(If) is
plotted.
2. Plot of the curve.
The curve is sketched on the page below (the curve normally should be plotted son a
graph paper.
Scale: 1A = 1cm (abscissa) 10V = 1cm (ordinate)
GTHS KUMBO_Electrical Department_Third sequence examJan.2012
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260
1 2 3 4 5
If (A)
E(V)
0
S T
6 7
R
A
150
10
a) To know the value of the emf induced due to the residual magnetism, we just
have to project the curve back ward to cut the ordinate axis (point A). We
obtain E
0
= 10V
b) The emf for a field resistance of 75
To know the maximum emf the generator will generate on normal operation, we
should draw the shunt resistance line.
To draw the shunt resistance line, take any value of If (for example, let us take 2A),
multiply this value by the shunt resistance Rsh = 75 . Mark the corresponding point
on the ordinate axis. Let that point be R. 75x2 = 150V, hence, R(2A, 150V).
Draw the line joining the origin O and the point R, it cuts the open circuit
characteristics at the point S.
Draw a horizontal line from S to T. OT gives the maximum emf generated with 75
as shunt resistance.
From the curve we can read: OT = E =210V (almost)
GTHS KUMBO_Electrical Department_Third sequence examJan.2012
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3. Useful flux per pole.
A
p ZN
E
2
60

u
= ; Lap winding A p = 2
Hence,
mWb
ZN
E ZN
E
875 . 21
1000 576
210 60
60
60
=

= u
= u
u
=
4. Residual flux.
mWb V E E 04 . 1 10
0
= u = = .
Exercise 2: Series motor
The stator of the Peugeot 504 is a series motor having the following characteristics:
I = 200A; U = 12V; N = 1000rpm; Pu = 1500W; Pc= 100W.
Ra
Eb
Rs
U
a) Power absorbed by the starter.
W UI P 2400 200 12 = = =
b) Efficiency.
% 5 . 62
2400
1500
= = =
P
Pu

c) Useful torque.
m N
N
Pu
T T
N
nT Pu . 33 . 14
1000 14 . 3 2
1500 60
2
60
60
2
2 =


= = = =

d) Joule losses.
Let us first draw the power stages chart.
Pin
Pj
Pm
Pc
Po = Pu
GTHS KUMBO_Electrical Department_Third sequence examJan.2012
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From the chart, we have:
( ) ( ) W Po Pc Pin Pm Pin Pj 800 100 1500 2400 = + = + = =
e) Total resistance (armature + field)
O = = = + + = 02 . 0
200
800
) (
2 2
2
I
Pj
Ra Rs I Rs Ra Pj
f) Bock emf.
( ) ( ) V I Rs Ra U E I Ra Rs E U
b b
8 200 02 . 0 12 = = + = + + =
g) Direct starting current.
At starting, Eb = 0, hence,
( )
A
Rs Ra
U
I
st
600
02 . 0
12
= =
+
=
h) Value of the resistance to be connected in series with the motor to limit the
starting current to 240A.
Eb
Ra
Rst Rs
U
With Eb = 0 at starting, we have:
( )
( ) O = = + =
+ +

= 03 . 0 02 . 0
240
12 0
Rs Ra
I
U
Rst
Rst Rs Ra
U
I
st
st
.
Exercise 3: Three phase asynchronous motor.
Data: Stator Delta connected; U = 380V; R = 0.4 ; Ns = 1500rpm; Po = 1150W;
Io = 3.2A; Pmec = 510W (friction +windage); g = 4%; Pa = 18.1kW; I = 32A.
1. For the no load test:
a) Stator copper losses
W RI
I
R RI Pjs
p
096 . 4 2 . 3 4 . 0
3
3 3
2 2
0
2
0 2
= = = |
.
|

\
|
= =
GTHS KUMBO_Electrical Department_Third sequence examJan.2012
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b) Stator iron losses.
The power consumed by the motor during the no load test is equivalent to the sum of
iron losses, mechanical losses (windage + friction) and stator copper losses; hence
we have:
( ) ( ) W Pjs Pmec Po Pi Pjs Pmec Pi Po 904 . 635 096 . 4 510 1150 = + = + = + + =
2. For nominal load test:
a) Power factor.
8593 . 0
2 32 380
18100
3
cos cos 3 =

= = u u =
UI
Pa
UI Pa
b) Speed of rotation.
( ) ( ) rpm g Ns Nr
Ns
Nr Ns
g 1440 04 . 0 1 1500 1 = = =

=
c) Frequency of rotor current.
Hz f g fr 2 50 04 . 0 . = = =
d) Stator copper losses
W RI
I
R Pjs 6 . 409 32 4 . 0
3
3
2 2
2
= = = |
.
|

\
|
=
The following formula can also be used.
W
Io
I
Pjso Pjs 6 . 409
2 . 3
32
096 . 4
2 2
= |
.
|

\
|
= |
.
|

\
|
=
e) Rotor copper losses
The power stage chart for the asynchronous motor can be drawn as follows:
Pin
Pi
Pjs
Pinr
Pjr Pmec
Pm
Po
( ) W Pjs Pi Pa g Pinr g Pjr 18 . 682 904 . 635 6 . 409 18100 04 . 0 ) ( . = = = =
f) Useful power.
W Pmec g Pinr Pmec Pjr Pinr Po 316 . 15862 510 ) 04 . 0 1 ( 496 . 17054 ) 1 ( = = = =
GTHS KUMBO_Electrical Department_Third sequence examJan.2012
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g) Efficiency of the motor.
% 63 . 87 8763 . 0
18100
316 . 15862
= = = =
Pa
Po

h) Useful torque
m N
N
Po
T T
N
NT Po . 24 . 105
1440 28 . 6
316 . 15862 60
2
60
60
2
2 =

= = = =

END
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
NGOUNE Jean-Paul is the HOD of the electrical
department of GTHS KUMBO. He is teaching this year
in the following subjects: Power electronics, Electrical
Machines, Digital and Analogue Circuits, Electricity-
Electronics, and Automation.
Any suggestion or critic is welcome
NGOUNE Jean-Paul, PLET, DEA.(Electrical Engineering).
P.O. Box: 102 NSO, Kumbo, Cameroon.
Phone: (+237) 7506 2458.
Email : jngoune@yahoo.fr
Web site : www.scribd.com/jngoune