N TP HH THI K I I

BT 1. Cho hnh chp u S.ABCD , c ng cao SO = 3 a , cnh bn

bng 2a. Gi I l trung in CD, K l im t y t rn cnh SD.
a. CM : BD (SAC)
b. CM: ( AKC) ( SBD) .
c. Tnh: ( SB, ( ABCD) ).
d. Tnh: ( (SCD) , ( ABCD) )
e. Tnh Kc t O n (SCD) .
f . Tnh Kc gia SB v AC



a. CM : BD ( SAC)
SO l ng cao ( gt ) SO ( ABCD)
SO BD ( 1)
S.ABCD l h.chp u ( gt ) ABCD l hnh vung
AC BD ( 2)
[ ( 1).(2) ] v SO, AC c ( SAC) BD ( SAC) (3)
b. CM: ( AKC) ( SBD) .
SO (ABCD) (cm a) SO AC
v AC BD ( cm a)
m SO, BD c ( SBD) AC ( SBD)
(AKC) (SBD)
c. Tnh: ( SB, ( ABCD) ) = ?.
Xc nh gc.
SO ( ABCD) ( cm a) hc SB/ ( ABCD) = OB
( SB, (ABCD)) = (SB, OB) =

SBO
nh gi t r gc.
Xt ASBO vung t i O, sin SBO =
SO
SB

m SO = 3 a v SB = 2a
sin SBO =
3
2

SBO
=
60
o

Vy: ( SB, (ABCD) ) =

SBO= 60
o

.
d. Tnh: ( ( SCD) ,( ABCD) ) = ?
Xc nh gc.
S. ABCD l h.chp u ( gt ) SC = SD ASCD cn t i S (4)
K
H
C
O
D A
I
B
S
M
I l trung im CD ( gt ) (5)
[ ( 4) .(5) ] SI CD ( SI l t r. t uyn cng l .cao trong ASCD)
O l t m ca y ABCD OC = OD AOCD cn t i O ( 6)
[ ( 5) .(6) ] OI CD ( OI l t r. t uyn cng l .cao trong AOCD)
( SCD) ( ABCD) = CD
SI c ( SCD) v SI CD ( (SCD) , (ABCD) ) =

SIO
OI c ( ABCD) v OI CD
nh gi t r gc.
Xt ASI O vung t i O, t an SI O =
SO
OI

m SO = 3 a v SD = 2a ( c t h t nh BD bng cch cm ASBD u )
ASOD vung t o O OD
2
= SD
2
SO
2
= 4a
2
3a
2
= a
2

OD = a BD = 2a BC =
2
BD

= 2 a

OI =
2
BC

=
2
2
a

t an SI O = 6

SIO~ 67
o
47
( ( SCD) , (ABCD) ) =

SIO~ 67
o
47
e. Tnh Kc t O n ( SCD) .
Xc nh on vung gc
Trong t am gic SOI , vung t i O, k ng cao OH ( H e SI ):
Ta c : OH SI ( 7)
CD SI ) v CD OI ( cm d) CD (SOI )
m OH c ( SOI ) CD OH ( 8)
[ ( 7) .(8) ] OH ( SCD) ( v SI , CD ct nhau v cng nm t rong (SCD) )
d( O, ( SCD) ) = OH
Tnh OH
Xt t am gic SOI , vung t i O, OH l ng cao

2 2 2
1 1 1
OH OS OI
= +
2 2
2
2 2
. OS OI
OH
OS OI
=
+


2 2 2
2
2 2
. 3
7
OS OI a
OH
OS OI
= =
+
OH =
21
7
a

Vy d(O, ( SCD) ) = OH=
21
7
a

f. Tnh Kc gia SB v AC
Xc nh on vung gc chung
Trong t am gic SOB vung t i O, k OM SB ( Me SB ) ( 9)
AC ( SBD) ( cm b) m OM c ( SBD) AC OM ( 10)
[ ( 9) .(10) ] OM l on vung gc chung ca SB v AC.
Tnh OM
Tam gic BOM vung t i O c

SBO
=
60
o
v OB = OD = a
OM = OB. sin SBO = a. sin60
o
=
3
2
a

Vy : d(SB, AC) = OM =
3
2
a

BT 2. Cho h nh chp u S. ABC c cnh y bng cnh bn v bng 2 a.
O l t m ca y , I, J ln lt l trung im BC v SC.
a. CM: BC( SAI )
b. CM: ( ABJ) (SBC)
c. Tnh khong cch t S n (ABC) .
d. Tnh: ( SA, (ABC) ).
e. Tnh ( ( SBC) , ( ABC) ) .
f . Tnh khong cch t O n ( SBC)
Gii:







a. CM: BC(SAI) ? (tng t : BC ( SOI ) , BC ( SOA) )
S. ABC l h.chp u ( gt ) SA = SC ASBC cn t i S ( 1)
I l trung im BC ( gt ) ( 2)
[ ( 1) .( 2) ] SI BC ( 3) ( SI l t r. t uyn cng l .cao trong ASBC)
O l t m ca y ABC OB = OC AOBC cn t i O (4)
[ ( 4) .( 2) ] OI BC ( OI l t r. t uyn cng l .cao trong AOBC)
m OI c AI nn AI BC (5)
[ ( 3).(5) ] BC ( SAI ) ( 6)
Cch khc: S. ABC l h.chp u v O l t m ca y ABC SO l ng
cao h chp SO (ABC) SO BC (4b)
SI , SO c ( SAI ) ( 5b)
[ ( 3).(4b) .( 5b) ] BC ( SAI ) ( 6)
b. CM: ( ABJ) ( SBC) ?
S. ABC l h.chp u cc cnh bn bng cnh y bng 2a
ASBC v ASAC l cc tam gic u cnh 2a (7)
J l trung im SC ( 8)
[ ( 7).(8) ]
SC AJ
SC BJ

(SBC) (ABJ) ( 9)
c. Khong cch t S n mp(ABC) (tng t : t nh chiu cao h chp )
S.ABC l h.chp u , O l t m ca y ABC SO l ng cao h. chp
SO ( ABC) ( 10)
Khong cch t O n ( ABC) l d(O, ( ABC) ) = SO
(10) SO AO.
Xt ASAO vung t i O, SO
2
= SA
2
AO
2

M SA = 2a
V AABC u , cnh 2a .cao AI =
2 3
3
2
a
a =

H
O
J
C
A
I
B
S
O l t m AABC u nn O cng l t rng t m AABC AO =
2 2 3
3 3
AI a
=

Do SO
2
= 4a
2

2
4
3
a
=
2
8
3
a
SO =
2 6
3
a

Vy khong cch t S n (ABC) l d( S, (ABC) ) = SO =
2 6
3
a

d. ( SA, ( ABC) ) = ?
Xc nh gc.
SO ( ABC) ( cm c) hc SA/ ( ABC) = OA
( SA, (ABC) ) = (SA, OA) =

SAO
nh gi t r gc.
Xt ASAO vung t i O, cos SAO =
AO
SO

m SA = 2a v AO
2 3
3
a
=
cos SAO =
3
3

SAO~ 54
o
44
( SA,( ABC) ) =

SAO~ 54
o
44.
e. ( ( SBC) ,( ABC) ) = ?
Xc nh gc.
(SBC) (ABC) = BC
SI c ( SBC) v SI BC ( cm a) (( SBC), ( ABC)) =

SIO
AI c ( ABC) v AI BC ( cm a)
nh gi t r gc.
Xt ASI O vung t i O, cos SI O =
OI
SI

m ASBC u cnh 2a SI =
2 3
3
2
a
a =
O l t m AABC u nn O cng l t rng t m AABC OI =
3
3 3
AI a
=
cos SI O =
1
3

SIO~ 70
o
31
( (SBC) , (ABC) ) =

SIO~ 70
o
31
f. Tnh khong cch t O n ( SBC)
Xc nh on vung gc
Trong t am gic SOI , vung t i O, k ng cao OH ( H e SI ):
Ta c : OH SI ( 11)
BC ( SAI ) ( cm a) , m OH c ( SAI ) BC OH ( 12)
[ ( 11) .(12) ] OH ( SBC) ( v SI , BC ct nhau v cng nm t rong ( SBC) )
d( O, ( SBC)) = OH
Tnh OH
Xt t am gic SOI , vung t i O, OH l ng cao
2 2 2
1 1 1
OH OS OI
= +

2 2 2
2
2 2
. 8
27
OS OI a
OH
OS OI
= =
+
OH =
2 6
9
a

Vy d(O, ( SBC) ) = OH =
2 6
9
a