Maths Questions

Specimen Materials - Mathematics OCR 2000 1
OCR ADVANCED SUBSIDIARY GCE

IN MATHEMATICS (3840, 3841, 3842, 3843 and 3844)
OCR ADVANCED GCE
IN MATHEMATICS (7840, 7842 and 7844)
Specimen Question Papers and Mark Schemes
These specimen question papers and mark schemes are intended to accompany the OCR Advanced
Subsidiary GCE and Advanced GCE specifications in Mathematics for teaching from September
2000.
Centres are permitted to copy material from this booklet for their own internal use.
The GCE awarding bodies have prepared new specifications to incorporate the range of features
required by new GCE and subject criteria. The specimen assessment material accompanying the new
specifications is provided to give centres a reasonable idea of the general shape and character of the
planned question papers in advance of the first operational examination.
CONTENTS
Advanced Subsidiary GCE
Unit 2631: Pure Mathematics 1 P1
Question Paper Page 5
Mark Scheme Page 9
Unit 2637: Mechanics 1 M1
Mark Scheme Page 57
Unit 2641: Probability and Statistics 1 S1
Mark Scheme Page 89
Unit 2645: Discrete Mathematics 1 D1
Mark Scheme Page 121
A2
Mark Scheme Page 17
Mark Scheme Page 25
Mark Scheme Page 33
Mark Scheme Page 41
Mark Scheme Page 49
A2 continued
Mark Scheme Page 65
Mark Scheme Page 73
Mark Scheme Page 81
Mark Scheme Page 97
Unit 2646: Discrete Mathematics 2 D2
Insert Page 133
Marking Instructions Page 143
Specimen Materials OCR 2000
Mathematics Oxford, Cambridge and RSA Examinations
4
This question paper consists of 3 printed pages and 1 blank page.
Specimen Materials - Mathematics 5 OCR 2000
General Certificate of Education
Advanced Subsidiary (AS) and Advanced Level
MATHEMATICS P1
Pure Mathematics 1
Additional materials:
Answer paper
Graph paper
List of Formulae
TIME 1 hour 20 minutes
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Write your name, Centre number and candidate number in the spaces provided on the answer paper.
Answer all the questions.
Give non-exact numerical answers correct to 3 significant figures, unless a different degree of
accuracy is specified in the question or is clearly appropriate.
You are permitted to use only a scientific calculator in this paper.
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
The total number of marks for this paper is 60.
Questions carrying smaller numbers of marks are printed earlier in the paper, and questions carrying
larger numbers of marks later in the paper.
You are reminded of the need for clear presentation in your answers.
1 (i) Write down the exact value of
2
7

. [1]
(ii) Simplify
4
3
2
) (
x
x x
. [2]
2 (i) Solve the simultaneous equations
. 7 3 , 2 3
2
+ x y x x y [4]
(ii) Interpret your solution to part (i) geometrically. [1]
3 The point A has coordinates ) 4 , 7 ( . The straight lines with equations 0 1 3 + + y x and 0 5 2 + y x
intersect at the point B. Show that one of these two lines is perpendicular to AB. [6]
4 Show that the equation
sin 13 cos 15
2
+
may be written as a quadratic equation in sin . [2]
Hence solve the equation, giving all values of such that
360 0 . [5]
5 Sketch the graph of x y cos , for values of x from 0 to 360. [1]
Sketch, on the same diagram, the graph of
) 60 cos(x y . [2]
Use your diagram to solve the equation
) 60 cos( cos x x
for values of x between 0 and 360. Indicate clearly on your diagram how the solutions relate to the graphs.
[3]
State how many values of x satisfying the equation
) 60 10 cos( ) 10 cos( x x
lie between 0 and 360. (You should explain your reasoning briefly, but no further detailed working or
sketching is necessary.) [2]
6 (i) Evaluate

4
0
d ) 4 ( x x x . [3]
(ii)
The diagram shows the curve ) 4 ( x x y , together with a straight line. This line cuts the curve at
the origin O and at the point P with x-coordinate k, where 4 0 < < k .
(a) Show that the area of the shaded region, bounded by the line and the curve, is
3
6
1
k . [4]
(b) Find, correct to 3 decimal places, the value of k for which the area of the shaded region is half of
the total area under the curve between 0 x and 4 x . [2]
7 A quadratic function is defined by
9 ) f(
2
+ + kx x x ,
where k is a constant. It is given that the equation 0 ) f( x has two distinct real roots. Find the set of
values that k can take. [3]
For the case where 3 4 k ,
(i) express ) f(x in the form b a x + +
2
) ( , stating the values of a and b, and hence write down the least
value taken by ) f(x , [4]
(ii) solve the equation 0 ) f( x , expressing your answer in terms of surds, simplified as far as possible. [3]
8 The equation of a curve is
3 2
6 x x y . Find the coordinates of the two stationary points on the curve,
and determine the nature of each of these stationary points. [6]
State the set of values of x for which
3 2
6 x x is a decreasing function of x. [2]
The gradient at the point M on the curve is 12. Find the equation of the tangent to the curve at M. [4]
BLANK PAGE
This mark scheme consists of 4 printed pages.
MATHEMATICS P1
Pure Mathematics 1
MARK SCHEME
MAXIMUM MARK 60
For live examinations, each Mark Scheme
includes the General Instructions for Marking
set out on pages 143 to 145.
1 (i)
49
1
B1 1 Correct value stated as final answer
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii)
4
4
4
3
2 2
) (
2
1
x
x
x
x x
M1 Power
2
1
1 3 or
2
1
1 3 + in numerator
x x
2
1
2
1
or
2
1
A1 2 Or any equally simple equivalent
2 (i) EITHER : 2 3 7 3
2
+ x x x M1 Eliminate y to obtain an equation in x only
0 9 6
2
+ x x A1 Correct 3-term equation in x
3 x only A1 Obtained by any correct solution method
2 y only A1 If two values of x are found both y-values
must follow correctly
OR : 2
3
7
3
3
7
2
+
,
_
,
_
y y
y M1 Eliminate x to obtain an equation in y only
0 4 4
2
+ y y A1 Correct 3-term equation in y
2 y only A1 Obtained by any correct solution method
3 x only A1 4 If two values of y are found both x-values
must follow correctly
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) The line 7 3 x y is the tangent to the curve
2 3
2
+ x x y at the point ) 2 , 3 ( B1 1 For identifying tangency
3 Solve 0 1 3 + + y x and 0 5 2 + y x simultaneously M1 Attempt soln and obtain at least one answer
2 , 5 y x at B A1 Identify correct coordinates with B, either
explicitly or implicitly
Gradient of AB is 3
5 7
) 2 ( 4

A1 For simplified follow-through value
Gradients of the lines are
3
1
and
5
2
B1 For either gradient correctly stated or used
Perpendicular lines require 1
2 1
m m M1 Any statement or use of the correct relation
AB is perpendicular to 0 1 3 + + y x A1 6 Correct use of 1 3
3
1
, or equivalent
4 sin 13 ) sin 1 ( 15
2
+ M1 Attempted relevant use of 1 cos sin
2 2
+
0 2 sin sin 15
2
+ A1 2 Any correct 3-term form
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 ) 1 sin 3 )( 2 sin 5 ( + M1 Any recognisable solution method attempted
3
1
5
2
or sin A1 Both correct values
4 . 336 , 6 . 203 , 5 . 160 , 5 . 19 A1 For any one correct value
A1 For a second correct value
A1 5 For both remaining values, and no others
5
B1 1 Correct x y cos over ) 360 , 0 ( ; ignore
anything outside this interval
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
M1 Translation parallel to the x-axis recognised
A1 2 For correct ) 60 cos( x y throughout
) 360 , 0 ( ; ignore anything outside this
interval
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Indicate use of points of intersection on diagram B1 For identifying the points, not necessarily
the x-coordinates
210 , 30 x B1 For either correct value
B1 3 For second correct value and no others
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Graphs are squashed 10 in the x-direction M1 Or any equivalent method
There are 20 solutions A1 2 10 their number of solutions above
6 (i) Expand to
2
4 x x and integrate M1 At least one integrated term with correct
power
[ ]
4
0
3
3
1 2
2 x x A1 Correct indefinite integral
3
32
3
64
32 A1 3 Follow correct use of limits 4 and 0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) (a)
3
3
1 2
0
2 d ) 4 ( k k x x x
k

B1 Follow their earlier indefinite integral

) 4 ( triangle of Area
2
1
k k k M1 To include attempt at y-coordinate of P in
terms of k
3
2
1 2
2 k k A1 Correct simplified expression
3
6
1 3
2
1 2 3
3
1 2
) 2 ( 2 area Shaded k k k k k A1 4 Given answer correctly obtained
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(b)
3
32
2
1 3
6
1
k M1 Using previous results correctly to form an
equation for k
175 . 3 k A1 2 Correct 3dp value
7 9 1 4
2
> k B1 Correct condition stated in any form
0 ) 6 )( 6 ( > + k k M1 Factorise or carry out other solution method
6 or 6 , 6 > > < k k k A1 3 Do not allow 6 6 < < k
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i) EITHER :
2 2
) 3 2 ( 9 ) 3 2 ( + x M1 May be implied by correct a and/or b
3 2 a A1
3 b A1
Least value of ) f( x is 3 B1 Their value of b
OR : 9 and 3 4 2
2
+ b a a M1 Expand and equate at least one pair of coeffs
3 2 a A1
3 b A1
Least value of ) f( x is 3 B1 4 Their value of b
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) Critical values where 3 3 2 t x M1 Or equivalent, via quadratic formula
3 3 or 3 x A1 For either critical value correctly obtained
A1 3 For completely correct answer; allow 27
8
2
3 12
d
d
x x
x
y
B1 Correct derivative stated or used
0 ) 4 ( 3 x x M1 Equate to zero and factorise, or equivalent
4 and 0 x A1
Stationary points are ) 0 , 0 ( and ) 32 , 4 ( A1
'

+

4 when 12
0 when 12
6 12
d
d
2
2
x
x
x
x
y
M1 Or other correct alternative method
) 0 , 0 ( is a minimum and ) 32 , 4 ( is a maximum A1 6 Correct conclusion from correct working
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4 , 0 > < x x B1 Either interval stated
B1 2 Both intervals, and no others, correct
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
12 3 12
2
x x M1 Equate
x
y
d
d
to 12 and solve for x
2 x A1
Tangent passes through ) 16 , 2 ( with gradient 12 M1 Use of straight line equation with numerical
gradient and numerical coordinates of M
8 12 x y A1 4 Any correct equivalent 3-term form
This question paper consists of 4 printed pages.
MATHEMATICS P2
Pure Mathematics 2
Answer paper
Graph paper
List of Formulae
You are permitted to use a graphic calculator in this paper.
1 The cubic polynomial 8 18 7 3
2 3
x x x is denoted by ) f(x . Use the factor theorem to show that ) 1 ( + x
is a factor of ) f(x . [2]
Hence factorise ) f(x completely. [3]
2 Solve the inequality 10 100 < x . [2]
Hence find the set of integers n that satisfy the inequality
10 100 01 . 1 <
n
. [3]
3 Expand
5
) 1 ( x + in ascending powers of x, simplifying the coefficients. [2]
Hence, by letting
2
y y x + , find the coefficient of
4
y in the expansion of
5 2
) 1 ( y y + + in powers of y. [4]
4
The diagram shows the region R which is bounded by the curve
1
2
+
x
y , the x-axis, and the lines 1 x
and 5 x . Use integration
(i) to find the area of R, giving your answer as a single logarithm, [4]
(ii) to show that the volume of the solid formed when R is rotated completely about the x-axis is
3
4
. [4]
5 At time t minutes after an oven is switched on, its temperature C
is given by
t 1 . 0
e 180 200

.
(i) State the value which the ovens temperature approaches after a long time. [1]
(ii) Find the time taken for the ovens temperature to reach C 150

. [3]
(iii) Find the rate at which the temperature is increasing at the instant when the temperature reaches
C 150

. [4]
6
The diagram shows a semicircle ABC on AC as diameter. The mid-point of AC is O, and angle
radians AOB , where
2
1
0 < < . The area of the segment
1
S bounded by the chord BC is twice the
area of the segment
2
S bounded by the chord AB. Show that
sin 3 + . [4]
Use an iterative method, based on the rearrangement
), sin (
3
1
+
together with a suitable starting value, to find correct to 3 decimal places. You should show the value of
each approximation that you calculate. [4]
7 The functions f and g are defined by
. : g
, 0 1 : f
2
2
1
R
+
x x x
x x x
a
a
(i) Find the domain of the inverse function
1
f

. [2]
(ii) Find an expression for ) ( f
1
x
. [2]
(iii) Find and simplify an expression for ) fg(x for the case where 0 x . [2]
(iv) Explain clearly why the value of ) 2 [1] fg( is 3. [1]
(v) Sketch the graph of ) fg(x y , for both positive and negative values of x, and give the equation of this
graph in a simplified form. [3]
8 (i) A sequence of positive integers K , , ,
3 2 1
u u u is given by
2
1
u and 1 for 2
1

+
n u u
n n
.
(a) Write down the first four terms of this sequence. [1]
(b) State what type of sequence this is, and express
n
u in terms of n. [2]
(ii) A sequence of positive integers K , , ,
3 2 1
v v v is given by
3
1
v and 1 for 1 2
1

+
n v v
n n
.
(a) Show that the relation between
1 + n
v and
n
v may be written in the form
) 1 ( 2 1
1

+ n n
v v . [1]
(b) Hence, by using the results in part (i), show that 1 2 +
n
n
v for 1 n . [2]
(iii) The sum of the first N terms of the sequence K , , ,
3 2 1
v v v is denoted by
N
S , i.e.
N N
v v v v S + + + + K
3 2 1
.
Express
N
S in terms of N. [4]
This mark scheme consists of 3 printed pages and 1 blank page.
MATHEMATICS P2
Pure Mathematics 2
MARK SCHEME
MAXIMUM MARK 60
1 0 8 18 7 3 ) 1 f( + M1 Substitute 1 x and evaluate
Hence ) 1 ( + x is a factor A1 2 Zero correctly obtained, and conclusion
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
) 8 10 3 )( 1 ( ) f(
2
+ x x x x M1 Carry out division (trinomial quotient) or
attempt factorisation by inspection (3 terms
with at least
2
3x and 8 t )
A1 Correct quadratic factor
Answer ) 4 )( 2 3 )( 1 ( + + x x x A1 3
2 110 90 < < x B1 Either end-point obtained
B1 2 Completely correct solution set
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
110 ln 01 . 1 ln 90 ln < < n M1 Correct use of logs in any equation or
inequality of the form c
n
01 . 1
4 . 472 2 . 452 < < n A1 Either value, in exact or decimal form
453 to 472 inclusive A1 3 Allow any clear notation
3
5 4 3 2
5
5
4
5
3
5
2
5
1
5
1 x x x x x
,
_
+
,
_
+
,
_
+
,
_
+
,
_
+ M1
5 4 3 2
5 10 10 5 1 x x x x x + + + + + A1 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
K + + + + + + +
3 2 2 2 2
) ( 10 ) ( 10 ) ( 5 1 y y y y y y M1 May be implied
4
y occurs in
2 2
) ( y y + ,
3 2
) ( y y + and
4 2
) ( y y + M1 Expand or pick out the relevant terms in at
least two of these cases
4 4 4
5 30 10 y y y + + A1 At least two of the three terms correct
Coefficient of
4
y is 45 A1 4 Allow answer
4
45y
4 (i)
5
1
5
1
) 1 ln( 2 d
1
2
1
]
1
+
(
+
x x
x
M1 For indefinite integral involving a log
A1 Correct indefinite integral ) 1 ln( 2 + x
9 ln 2 ln 2 6 ln 2 M1 Use of both limits and at least one law of logs
A1 4 Correct simplified answer 9 ln
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii)

x y V d
2
B1 Correct formula stated or used
[ ]
5
1
1
) 1 ( 4

+ x M1 Integration attempt with negative index result
A1 Correct indefinite integral
1
) 1 ( 4

+ x

3
4
6
4
) 2 ( + A1 4 Given answer correctly shown
5 (i) C 200 B1 1 Allow answer 200 without units
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii)
18
5 1 . 0 1 . 0
e e 180 200 150
t t
M1 Substitute 150 and rearrange
( )
18
5
ln 1 . 0 t M1 Take logs correctly
Answer 12.8 minutes A1 3 Allow answer 8 . 12 t without units
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) Rate of increase of temperature is
t d
d
B1 Recognition may be implied
t
t
1 . 0
e 18
d
d

M1 Attempt at
t d
d
involving a term
t
k
1 . 0
e
A1 Correct differentiation
Answer C 5 per minute A1 4 Follow value of t or
t 1 . 0
e
from (ii)
6 Area of
2
S is ) sin (
2
2
1
r B1
Area of
1
S is )) sin( (
2
2
1
r B1
Hence ) sin ( 2 ) sin (
2
2
1 2
2
1
r r M1 Equate and attempt to simplify ) sin(
i.e. sin 3 + A1 4 Given answer correctly shown
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A suitable initial value is 1 (e.g.) B1 State or use any
1
such that
2
1
1
0
... 327 . 1 ) sin (
1
3
1
2
+ (e.g.) M1 For one iteration using correct formula
A1 For correct
2
from their
1
374 . 1 A1 4 For correct answer and sufficient iterations

to justify 3dp accuracy
7 (i) Domain of
1
f

is the range of f M1 May be implied
i.e. 1 x A1 2 Allow any intelligible notation
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii)
2
) 1 ( 1 + y x x y M1 Attempt to solve for x
2 1
) 1 ( ) ( f
x x A1 2 For answer 1 2 or ) 1 (
2 2
+ x x x ; do not
allow final answer in terms of y
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii)
2
1
) ( 1 ) fg(
2
x x + M1 Attempt composition in the correct order
x + 1 A1 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iv) 3 ) 4 f( , 4 ) 2 g( B1 1 Intermediate value 4 must be seen
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(v)
B1 Sketch of x y + 1 for 0 x only
B1 Sketch reflection in the y-axis for 0 x only
x y 1+ B1 3
8 (i) (a) 2, 4, 8, 16 B1 1 All four terms correctly stated
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(b) This is a geometric progression B1 No need to state first term or ratio here
Hence
n n
n
u 2 2 2
1

B1 2 For simplified answer
n
2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) (a) ) 1 ( 2 2 2 1 1 2
1 1

+ + n n n n n
v v v v v B1 1 Given result correctly shown
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(b) 1
n
v satisfies same relation as
n
u M1 For making the connection to part (i)
Hence 1 2 1 + +
n
n n
u v A1 2 Given result correctly shown; no need for an
explicit check that 1 2 3 +
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) ) 1 ( ) 2 ( +
n
n
v M1 For considering the two separate sums (use
of notation is not expected in this module)
N
N
+
1 2
) 1 2 ( 2
B1 For correct unsimplified GP sum
B1 For correct statement of N ) 1 (
N
N
+ ) 1 2 ( 2 or 2 2
1
+
+
N
N
A1 4
Specimen Materials Mathematics 20 OCR 2000
BLANK PAGE
MATHEMATICS P3
Pure Mathematics 3
Answer paper
Graph paper
List of Formulae
You are permitted to use only a scientific calculator in this paper.
1 Expand
2
1
) 2 1 (

x in ascending powers of x, up to and including the term in
2
x . [3]
State the set of values of x for which the expansion is valid. [1]
2 Prove the identity
x x x cos 2 ) 30 cos( 3 ) 30 sin(
+ +
+ ,
where x is measured in degrees. [3]
Hence express
15 cos in surd form. [2]

3 By using the substitution x u sin , or otherwise, find
x x x d 2 sin sin
3
(
,
giving your answer in terms of x. [6]
4 Find the centre and radius of the circle with equation x y x 6
2 2
+ . [2]
The line k y x + is a tangent to this circle. Find the two possible values of the constant k, giving your
answers in surd form. [5]
5 The points A and B have coordinates ) 4 , 2 , 3 ( and ) 3 , 4 , 4 ( respectively. The line
1
l , which passes
through A, has equation
,
_
,
_
1
1
5
4
2
3
t r .
Show that AB is perpendicular to
1
l . [3]
The line
2
l , which passes through B, has equation
,
_
,
_
2
1
2
3
4
4
s r .
Show that the lines
1
l and
2
l intersect, and find the coordinates of their point of intersection. [5]
6 The parametric equations of a curve are
cos , sin a y a x ,
where a is a positive constant and
2
1
0 < < . Find
x
y
d
d
in terms of , and hence show that the gradient
of the curve is zero where
1
tan . [6]
By sketching a suitable pair of graphs, show that the equation
1
tan is satisfied by just one value of
in the relevant range. [2]
Determine, with reasons, whether this value of is greater or less than
4
1
. [2]
7 Express
) 4 ( ) 1 (
4 13 15
2
2
x x
x x

+
in partial fractions. [5]
Hence show that
4 ln 1 d
) 4 ( ) 1 (
4 13 15

2
2
3
2
+

+
(
x
x x
x x
. [5]
8
A cylindrical container has a height of 200 cm. The container was initially full of a chemical but there is a
leak from a hole in the base. When the leak is noticed, the container is half-full and the level of the
chemical is dropping at a rate of 1 cm per minute. It is required to find for how many minutes the
container has been leaking. To model the situation it is assumed that, when the depth of the chemical
remaining is x cm, the rate at which the level is dropping is proportional to x . Set up and solve an
appropriate differential equation, and hence show that the container has been leaking for about 80 minutes.
[10]
BLANK PAGE
MATHEMATICS P3
Pure Mathematics 3
MARK SCHEME
MAXIMUM MARK 60
1 K +

+ +
2 2
3
2
1
2
1
) 2 (
2
) )( (
) 2 )( ( 1 x x M1 Either x or
2
x term correct (unsimplified)
2
2
3
1 x x + + A1 For x + 1 correct
A1 3 For
2
2
3
x + correct
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2
1
2
1
2
1
or < < < x x B1 1
2 }
+
+ +
30 sin sin 30 cos cos ) 30 cos(
30 sin cos 30 cos sin ) 30 sin(
x x x
x x x
B1 Both expansions correct
) sin cos 3 ( 3 cos sin 3
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
x x x x + + B1 Both exact values substituted throughout
x x x cos 2 cos cos
2
3
2
1
+ B1 3 Given result shown correctly
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ 15 cos 2 45 cos 3 45 sin M1 Substitute 15 x and use exact values for
45 cos and 45 sin
2 2
3 1
15 cos
+
A1 2 Allow any equivalent surd form
3 x
x
u
cos
d
d
B1 Or equivalent; may be implied
x x x cos sin 2 2 sin B1 Stated or used

u u u u u x x x d 2 d 2 d 2 sin sin
4 3 3
M1 Substituting for x and dx throughout
A1 Correct simplified integral in terms of u
c x c u + +
5
5
2 5
5
2
sin M1 Integrate and substitute back
A1 6 Correct answer in terms of x (including c + )
4 EITHER :
2 2 2
3 ) 3 ( + y x M1 Complete the square to obtain standard form
Centre is ) 0 , 3 ( and radius is 3 A1 Both correct
OR : Centre ) , ( f g is ) 0 , 3 ( B1 Formula may be implied
Radius c f g +
2 2
is 3 B1 2 Ditto; allow this mark for a correct radius
even if there appears to be a sign error in g
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EITHER : ) ( 6 ) ( or 6 ) (
2 2 2 2
y k y y k x x k x + + B1 Eliminate x or y completely
0 ) 6 2 ( 2
2 2
+ + k x k x or
0 ) 6 ( ) 6 2 ( 2
2 2
+ k k y k y M1 Simplify to quadratic form
0 ) 6 ( 8 ) 6 2 ( or 0 8 ) 6 2 (
2 2 2 2
+ k k k k k M1 Equate discriminant to zero
0 9 6
2
k k A1 Or any equivalent 3-term quadratic in k
2 3 3 t k A1 Allow any equivalent exact form
OR : Gradient of the tangent is 1 B1
Perpendicular diameter is ) 3 ( 1 0 + x y M1 Using their ) 0 , 3 ( and perpendicular gradient
) 3 ( 6 ) 3 ( or 6 ) 3 (
2 2 2 2
+ + + + y y y x x x M1 Substitute, and solve for x or y
2 , 2 3
2
3
2
3
t t y x A1 At least one correct value of each
2 3 3 t k A1 5 For both values, in any equivalent exact form
5
,
_
7
2
1
AB B1 May be implied
Direction of
,
_
1
1
5
is
1
l B1 May be implied
0 1 7 1 2 5 1 + , hence result B1 3 Given result correctly shown
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
s t s t s t 2 3 4 , 4 2 , 2 4 5 3 + + + + + B1 All three equations stated
Solve any pair of these equations simultaneously M1
1 , 3 t s A1 For both values correct
Check the solutions in the remaining equation B1
Point of intersection is ) 3 , 1 , 2 ( A1 5 Allow answer as a position vector
6 ) sin (cos , cos a y a x & & M1 Differentiate both, with product rule attempt
A1 Both correct, in any form

cos
sin cos
d
d
x
y
M1 Use of x y & & /
A1 Any correct form, involving only
0
cos
sin cos

M1 Equate
d
d
or
d
d y
x
y
to zero

1
tan 0 tan 1 A1 6 Given result correctly shown
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
B1 Both curves correct
B1 2 Correct conclusion, referring to single point
of intersection
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EITHER : At 1
4 1
and 1 tan ,
4
1
>

M1 Or equivalent calculation(s)
Hence root is greater than
4
1
A1
OR : Carry out any solution method M1 E.g. ) / 1 ( tan
1
1 n n

+

86 . 0 , so greater than
4
1
A1 2
7
x
C
x
B
x
A
+
4 ) 1 ( 1
2
B1 Correct form stated or implied
2 B B1 May be obtained by the cover-up rule
3 C B1 Ditto
2 2
) 1 ( ) 4 ( ) 4 )( 1 ( 4 13 15 x C x B x x A x x + + + M1 Any correct use of this identity to give an
equation involving A
1 A A1 5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ ]
3
2
1
4 ln 3 ) 1 ( 2 1 ln x x x +

B1 For both log terms, allowing omission of
modulus signs at this stage
B1 For
1
) 1 ( 2

+ x , or equivalent
4 ln 1 ) 2 ln 3 2 1 ln ( ) 1 ln 3 1 2 ln ( + M1 Use both limits and combine terms
A1 For correct reduction to given form of answer
A1 5 Correct use of modulus throughout (not
dependent on correct answer being reached)
8 x k
t
x
x k
t
x

d
d
or
d
d
M1 Use of
t
x
d
d
for rate of change
A1 Correct form of equation (with either sign)
1 . 0 ) ( 1
d
d
and 100 t k
t
x
x M1 Attempted evaluation of k from their DE
x
t
x
1 . 0
d
d
A1 Any equivalent correct form

t x x d 1 . 0 d
2
1
M1 Separate and integrate both sides
A t x + 1 . 0 2
2
1
A1 For both
2
1
2x and kt ) (t (the numerical
evaluation of k may be delayed until after the
DE is solved)
B1 For one arbitrary constant included, or
equivalent statement of both pairs of limits
200 2 0 , 200 A t x M1 If limits are used, this mark is combined with
the following one
200 2 1 . 0 100 2 + t M1 Evaluating t
80 84 . 82 K A1 10 Given result correctly obtained
MATHEMATICS P4
Pure Mathematics 4
Answer paper
Graph paper
List of Formulae
1 A sequence of positive integers K , ,
3 2 1
u u u is defined by
1 for 2 3 and 1
1 1
+
+
n u u u
n n
.
Prove by induction that
1 ) 3 ( 2
1

n
n
u . [4]
2 Find the general solution of the differential equation
x
x
y
x
y

d
d
,
giving y in terms of x in your answer. [4]
3 For positive integers r, let
) 1 (
1
) f(
+
r r
r .
Verify that
) 2 )( 1 (
2
) 1 f( ) f(
+ +
+
r r r
r r . [1]
Hence find the sum of the first n terms of the series
K K
) 2 )( 1 (
1

4 . 3 . 2
1
3 . 2 . 1
1
+
+ +
+ + +
r r r
. [3]
Show that the series is convergent, and state the sum to infinity. [2]
4 Find the first three terms of the Maclaurin series for ) 2 ln( x + . [4]
Write down the first three terms of the series for ) 2 ln( x , and hence show that, if x is small, then
x
x
x
,
_
+
2
2
ln . [3]
5
The diagram shows a sketch of the graph of
1
3 3 2
2
+
+ +
x
x x
y .
Find
(i) the equations of the asymptotes of the curve, [3]
(ii) the values of y between which there are no points on the curve. [4]
6
The diagram shows the curve whose equation, in cartesian coordinates, is
) ( ) (
2 2 2 2 2 2
y x a y x + ,
where a is a positive constant. Show that the equation may be expressed, in polar coordinates, in the form
2 cos
2 2
a r . [3]
Explain how you can deduce, from the polar form of the equation, that the line
4
1
is tangential to the
curve at the pole. [2]
Find the area of the region enclosed by one loop of the curve. [4]
7 (i) Find the value of a for which
x
x
x
x
a
d
1
1
d
1
1
2
0
0
2
1
2
+
(
. [3]
(ii) By means of the substitution tan x , or otherwise, find the exact value of
x
x
x
d
) 1 (
2 2
2
0
+
(
. [7]
8 The complex number z satisfies the equation 2 + z z . Show that the real part of z is 1 . [2]
The complex number z also satisfies the equation 2 z . By sketching two loci in an Argand diagram,
find the two possible values of the imaginary part of z, and state the two corresponding values of z arg . [5]
The two possible value of z are denoted by
1
z and
2
z , where
2 1
Im Im z z > .
(i) Find a quadratic equation whose roots are
1
z and
2
z , giving your answer in the form 0
2
+ + c bz az
where the coefficients a, b and c are real. [2]
(ii) Determine the square roots of
1
z , giving your answers in the form y x i + . [4]
MATHEMATICS P4
Pure Mathematics 4
MARK SCHEME
MAXIMUM MARK 60
1 True for 1 n since 1 3 2 1
0
B1 Requires at least 1 2 1
2 } 1 ) 3 ( 2 { 3
1
1
+

+
n
n
u M1 Substitute given
n
u into 2 3 +
n
u
1 ) 3 ( 2
n
A1 Correct simplification
1 ) 3 ( 2
1 ) 1 (

+ n
, hence result A1 4 Correct conclusion, dependent on all previous
marks and a properly set out proof
2 Integrating factor is
x x d
1
e

M1 Requires integration attempt

i.e.
x
x
1
e
ln
A1 Simplify to
x
x
1
or
1
,
_
x
x
y
x
y
x
d 1 1
d
d
M1
Ax x y +
2
A1 4
3
) 2 )( 1 (
2
) 2 )( 1 (
2
) 2 )( 1 (
1
) 1 (
1
+ +
+ +
+
+ +
+ r r r r r r
r r
r r r r
B1 1 Given result correctly shown
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
'
,
_
,
_
,
_
+ +
+
+ + +
) 2 )( 1 (
1
) 1 (
1
4 . 3
1
3 . 2
1
3 . 2
1
2 . 1
1
2
1
n n n n
K M1 Using differences
) 2 )( 1 ( 2
1
4
1
+ +
n n
M1 Cancelling pairs of terms
A1 3 Correct answer; allow any equivalent form
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

+ +
n
n n
as 0
) 2 )( 1 ( 2
1
; convergent B1 Or equivalent argument
Sum to infinity is
4
1
B1 2
4 EITHER : If
x
x x x
+
+
2
1
) ( f then ) 2 ln( ) f( , M1 At least one differentiation attempt
and
2
) 2 (
1
) ( f
x
x
+
A1 Correct first and second derivatives
4
1
2
1
) 0 ( f , ) 0 ( f , 2 ln ) 0 f( A1 All three correct
2
8
1
2
1
2 ln ) 2 ln( x x x + + A1 Three correct terms
OR : )} 1 ( 2 ln{ ) 2 ln(
2
1
x x + + M1
) 1 ln( 2 ln
2
1
x + + A1
2
) (
2 ln
2
2
1
2
1
x
x + M1 Use of standard series for ) 1 ln( kx +
2
8
1
2
1
2 ln x x + A1 4 Three correct terms
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2
8
1
2
1
2 ln ) 2 ln( x x x B1 Replacing x by x
) 2 (ln ) 2 (ln
2
8
1
2
1 2
8
1
2
1
x x x x + M1 Subtracting series
x
x
x
,
_
+
2
2
ln A1 3 Given result correctly shown
5 (i)
1
2
1 2
+
+ +
x
x y M1 Algebraic division, or equivalent
1 2 + x y is an asymptote A1
1 x is an asymptote B1 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) EITHER : Consider discriminant of
) 3 ( ) 3 ( 2
2
y x y x + + M1 Form quadratic in x and refer to
) 3 ( 8 ) 3 (
2
y y A1 Allow equation or inequality
0 ) 5 )( 3 ( + y y M1 Or equivalent solution method
5 and 3 y A1
OR :
2
) 1 (
2
2
d
d
+

x x
y
or
2
2
) 1 (
) 3 3 2 ( ) 2 4 )( 1 (
+
+ + + +
x
x x x x
M1 Differentiate and equate to zero
0 4 2 or 1 ) 1 (
2 2
+ + x x x A1 Correct simplification
5 and 3 0 and 2 y x M1 Solve for x and substitute to find y
A1 4 Both values of y correct
6 sin , cos r y r x B1 For both; may be implied
) sin cos ( ) sin cos (
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
r r a r r + M1 Substitute, and use at least one trig identity
2 cos
2 2
a r A1 3 Given answer correctly shown
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 2 cos 0 r M1 Using 0 r for form at pole

4
1
is a solution A1 2 Given result correctly shown
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2 sin d 2 cos
2
4
1 2
2
1
a a
M1 Using correct formula
d
2
2
1
r
B1 Indefinite integral of the form 2 sin k
[ ] [ ]

4
1
4
1
4
1
0
2
4
1
2
4
1
2 sin 2 or 2 sin a a
M1 Using correct limits

2
2
1
Area a A1 4
7 (i) a
1
tan LHS

B1
2
1
2
1
RHS B1 Recognising
2
1 1
tan
1 tan
4
1 1

a a B1 3 Correct answer for a

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii)
2
sec
d
d
x
(
2
1
0
2
2 2
2
0
2 2
2
d sec
) tan 1 (
tan
d
) 1 (
x
x
x
M1 Substitute for x and dx throughout

2
1
0
2
d sin M1 Use trig identities to simplify integrand
A1 Correct simplification; ignore limits so far

2
1
0
2
1
d ) 2 cos 1 ( M1 Use relevant double-angle formula
[ ]

2
1
0 4
1
2
1
2 sin A1 For correct indefinite integral
4
1
A1 7 Correct answer and no previous error
8 EITHER : Locus 2 + z z is a perp bisector M1 For recognis ing linear locus
Hence 1 Re z A1 Needs mention of points 2 , 0 z z , or
equivalent
OR :
2 2 2 2
) 2 ( y x y x + + + M1
Hence 1 x , i.e. 1 Re z A1 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
B1 Both loci correct
2 2
2 1 + y M1 Using Pythagoras or equivalent
3 Im t z A1
( ) ) 3 / 1 ( tan arg
1
t z M1 Or equivalent correct method for either case
3
2
t A1 5 Both correct
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i) 0 ) 3 i 1 )( 3 i 1 ( + + + z z M1 Form equation and expand LHS; allow any
equivalent complete method
0 4 2
2
+ + z z A1 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) EITHER : 2 2
1 1
z z B1 For 2

3
2
3
1
1
3
2
1
or ) arg( arg z z B1 For either possibility
) sin i (cos 2
3
1
3
1
+ t M1 Convert either case to cartesian form
) 3 i 1 ( 2
2
1
+ t A1 Both correct; allow any equivalent exact
y x i + expression
OR : If y x z i
1
+ then
xy y x 2 3 and 1
2 2
B1 Both equations correct
0 3 4 4 or 0 3 4 4
2 4 2 4
+ y y x x M1 Form and solve quadratic in
2
x or
2
y
2
3 2
2
1 2
or y x A1 Correct single value for
2
x or
2
y
( )
2
3
2
1
1
i + t z A1 4 Both correct; allow any equivalent exact
y x i + expression
MATHEMATICS P5
Pure Mathematics 5
Answer paper
Graph paper
List of Formulae
1 The cubic equation 0
3
+ b ax x has roots , , . Given that , express each of a and b in terms
of only, and hence show that b b a +
2
) ( . [5]
2 The part of the curve
2
x y between 0 y and 2 y is rotated completely about the y-axis. Show that
the area of the curved surface formed is
3
13
. [5]
3 Starting from the definitions of x sinh and x cosh in terms of exponentials, show that
x x x
2 2
sinh cosh 2 cosh + . [2]
Given that k x 2 cosh , where 1 > k , express x tanh in terms of k. [4]
4 The differential equation
xy
x
y
+ 1
d
d
,
with 1 y when 0 x , is to be solved numerically by a step-by-step method.
(i) Use two steps of Eulers method, with step-length 0.1, to find an approximation for the value of y
when 2 . 0 x . [3]
(ii) Use one step of the modified Euler method, with step-length 0.2, to find an alternative approximation
for the value of y when 2 . 0 x . [3]
5 Given that x x I
n
n
d ) (ln
e
1
(
, show that, for 1 n ,

1
e

n n
nI I . [4]
Hence find the exact value of
4
I . [4]
6 The curve with equation
x
x
y
cosh
has one maximum point for 0 > x . Show that the x-coordinate of this maximum point satisfies the
equation 0 1 tanh x x . [2]
The positive root of the equation 0 1 tanh x x is denoted by . Use the Newton-Raphson method,
taking first approximation 1
1
x , to find further approximations
2
x and
3
x for . [4]
By considering the approximate errors in
1
x and
2
x , estimate the error in
3
x . [3]
7
The diagram shows the curve
1
1
+
x
y together with four rectangles of unit width and heights
5
1
4
1
3
1
2
1
, , ,
respectively. Explain how the diagram shows that
x
x
d
1
1
4
0
5
1
4
1
3
1
2
1
+
(
< + + + . [2]
The curve
2
1
+
x
y passes through the top left-hand corner of each of the four rectangles shown. By
considering the rectangles in relation to this curve, write down a second inequality involving
5
1
4
1
3
1
2
1
+ + +
and a definite integral. [2]
By considering a suitable range of integration and corresponding rectangles, show that
< <
1000
2
) 1000 ln(
1
) 5 . 500 ln(
r
r
. [4]
Explain briefly how you can deduce that a reasonable estimate for the value of
1000
2
1
r
r
is 6.5. [2]
8 The phenomenon of resonance in a simple electrical circuit can be modelled by the differential equation
t V
t
V
10 cos 2 100
d
d
2
2
+ ,
where V represents the voltage in the circuit and t represents time.
(i) Verify that t kt 10 sin is a particular integral for this differential equation, where k is a constant whose
numerical value is to be found. [4]
(ii) Find the general solution of the differential equation. [3]
(iii) Find the particular solution for which both V and
t
V
d
d
are zero when 0 t . [3]
(iv) By considering the values of V when t becomes large, explain briefly why the mathematical model
cannot give an entirely satisfactory representation of the voltage in the circuit. [1]
BLANK PAGE
MATHEMATICS P5
Pure Mathematics 5
MARK SCHEME
MAXIMUM MARK 60
1 b a + + + + , , 0 B1 All three correct, at any stage
2
b B1 Correct answer for b
2
) ( + + a B1 Correct answer for a
b b a b a +
2 2
) ( M1 Eliminating
2
, or equivalent
A1 5 Given result correctly shown
2 EITHER :
y y
x
2
1
d
d
(
+
2
0
d
4
1
1 2 Area y
y
y M1 Stating
s x d 2 all in terms of y
(
+
2
0
4
1
d

2 y y A1 Or equivalent simplification
( ) [ ]
2
0 4
1
3
4 2
3
+ y A1 Correct indefinite integral
3
13
A1 Given result correctly shown
OR : x
x
y
2
d
d
(
+
2
0
2
d 4 1

2 Area x x x M1 Stating
s x d 2 all in terms of x
A1 Correct limits for x
( )
2
0
2
6
1
2
3
4 1
1
]
1
+ x A1 Correct indefinite integral
3
13
A1 5 Given result correctly shown
3 ) e 2 e ( ) e 2 (e RHS
2 2
4
1 2 2
4
1 x x x x
+ + + + M1 Squaring and adding
LHS ) e (e
2 2
2
1
+
x x
A1 2 Correct simplification and conclusion
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 sinh cosh
2 2
x x B1 May be implied
) 1 ( sinh , ) 1 ( cosh
2
1 2
2
1 2
+ k x k x B1 Both correct
1
1
cosh
sinh
tanh
+
t
k
k
x
x
x M1 Using
x
x
x
cosh
sinh
tanh
A1 4 Both values needed
4 (i) 1 1 . 0 1
1
+ y M1 Use of correct Euler formula for 1st step
1 . 1 A1
211 . 1 ) 1 . 1 1 . 0 1 ( 1 . 0 1 . 1
2
+ + y A1 3 Allow 3sf value 1.21 correctly obtained
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) 2 . 1 1 2 . 0 1
temp
+ y B1
)} 2 . 1 2 . 0 1 ( 1 { 2 . 0 1
2
1
1
+ + + y M1 Use of correct modified Euler method
224 . 1 A1 3 Allow 3sf value 1.22 correctly obtained
5 [ ]

e
1
1 1
e
1
d ) (ln ) (ln x x x n x x x I
n n
n
M1 Using relevant integration by parts
A1 Correct unsimplified result
1
e

n
nI A1 First term shown to simplify to e
A1 4 Given result fully justified
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
) 2 e ( 12 e 3 ) 3 e ( 4 e 4 e
1 2 3 4
I I I I + M1 Reduction formula used at least twice
0 0
24 e 15 ) e ( 24 e 9 I I + A1 For
0 4
24 e 15 I I + or
0
24 e 9 I
1 e
0
I or 1
1
I B1 For either correct
24 e 9
4
I A1 4
6 0
cosh
sinh cosh
d
d
2

x
x x x
x
y
M1 Differentiate and equate to zero
Maximum when x x x sinh cosh , i.e. 1 tanh x x A1 2 Given result correctly shown
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
n n n
n n
n n
x x x
x x
x x
2
1
sech tanh
1 tanh
+

+
B1
1
1
x gives K 20177 . 1
2
x M1 Newton-Raphson used at least once
A1
2
x correct to at least 3sf
K 1996785 . 1
3
x A1 4
3
x correct to at least 4sf
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
002 . 0 , 2 . 0
2 1
e e B1 For both; ignore signs of errors
7
3
2
1
2
2
2
3
10 2

e
e
e
e
e
M1 Use of quadratic convergence property
A1 3 Ignore sign of answer
7 LHS is the total area of the four rectangles B1
RHS is the corresponding area under the curve; hence
result B1 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(
+
> + + +
4
0
5
1
4
1
3
1
2
1
d
2
1
x
x
M1 Attempt at relevant new inequality
A1 2 Correct statement
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
is the area of 999 rectangles M1 May be implied
Bounds are
(
+
999
0
d
2
1
x
x
and
(
+
999
0
d
1
1
x
x
M1 Accuracy of 999 not essential here
Lower limit is ) 5 . 500 ln( A1 Given value correct shown
Upper limit is ) 1000 ln( A1 4 Ditto
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
K 56 . 6 )} 1000 ln( ) 5 . 500 {ln(
2
1
+ M1 For considering the average
Round down to 6.5 as its an overestimate A1 2 Some reason for given answer 6.5 rather than
6.6 needed
8 (i) t kt t k V 10 cos 10 10 sin +
&
and
t kt t k V 10 sin 100 10 cos 20
& &
M1 Differentiate twice
A1 Correct V V
& & &
and
t t k 10 cos 2 10 cos 20 M1 Substitute throughout the DE
1 . 0 k A1 4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) i 10 0 100
2
t + m m M1 State and solve auxiliary equation
CF is t B t A 10 cos 10 sin + A1 Or equivalent
GS is t t t B t A V 10 sin 1 . 0 10 cos 10 sin + + A1 3 Follow their CF and k
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) B t V 0 0 , 0 M1
A t V 10 0 0 , 0
&
M1 Differentiate and substitute
Hence t t V 10 sin 1 . 0 A1 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iv) V is unbounded as t increases; hence unrealistic B1 1 Follow errors if the result remains true
MATHEMATICS P6
Pure Mathematics 6
Answer paper
Graph paper
List of Formulae
1 The matrices A and B are given by
,
_
,
_

cos sin
sin cos
,
1 0
0 1
B A ,
respectively. Find the matrix
1
BAB , simplifying your answer. [5]
2 The set } 5 , 4 , 3 , 2 , 1 , 0 { G is a cyclic group under addition modulo 6, and the set } , , , , , { t s r q p e H is a
multiplicative group whose group table is shown below.
e q p s r t t
p e q r t s s
q p e t s r r
r t s p e q q
s r t e q p p
t s r q p e e
t s r q p e
(i) Find an element of G of order 6. [1]
(ii) Show that G and H are not isomorphic. [2]
The set } 6 , 5 , 4 , 3 , 2 , 1 { K is a group under multiplication modulo 7. Determine the order of the element 3
in K, and hence or otherwise determine which of G and H is isomorphic to K. [3]
3 G is a multiplicative group with identity element e. The group is not commutative, but the elements a and
b in G each commute with every element in G, i.e. for any x in G, xa ax and xb bx .
(i) Prove that the element ab commutes with every element in G. [2]
(ii) Prove that the element
1
a commutes with every element in G. [2]
(iii) Deduce that the set of all those elements in G which commute with every element in G forms a
subgroup of G. [4]
4 Use de Moivres theorem to prove that
) sin 16 sin 20 5 ( sin 5 sin
4 2
+ . [4]
By letting
5
1
, show that the exact value of ) ( sin
5
1 2
is ) 5 5 (
8
1
. [4]
5 Write down the six 6th roots of unity. [1]
By writing the equation
6 6
) 1 ( z z + in the form
1
1
6
,
_
+
z
z
,
show that the values of z satisfying the equation are given by
1 e
1
i
3
1
k
z ,
where k is an integer, and state a set of values of k that gives all the roots of the equation. [4]
Express each of these roots of
6 6
) 1 ( z z + in the form y x i + , where x and y are real. [5]
6 Find the value of a for which the simultaneous equations
, 5
, 17 4 5
, 10 2 3
b az y x
z y x
z y x
+ +

+
do not have a unique solution for x, y and z. [4]
Show that, for this value of a, the equations are inconsistent unless 3 b . [2]
For the case where the equations represent three planes having a common line of intersection, L, find
equations for L, giving your answer in the form
n
r z
m
q y
l
p x
. [5]
7
The diagram shows a cuboid ABCDA'B'C'D' in which the lengths of AB, AD, and AA' are 3a, 2a and a
respectively. The point A is taken as origin, with unit vectors i, j, k in the directions of ' AA AD AB , ,
respectively.
(i) Find a normal vector for the plane through A', B and C', and find also the perpendicular distance from
D to this plane. [6]
(ii) Find the shortest distance between the skew lines A'B and AD'. [6]
BLANK PAGE
MATHEMATICS P6
Pure Mathematics 6
MARK SCHEME
MAXIMUM MARK 60
1
,
_

cos sin
sin cos
1
B B1
,
_

cos sin
sin cos
or
1
AB BA M1 Correct multiplication process
A1 Correct product of either pair
,
_

2 2
2 2
1
cos sin cos sin 2
cos sin 2 sin cos
BAB A1 Correct unsimplified product
,
_

2 cos 2 sin
2 sin 2 cos
A1 5
2 (i) 1 or 5 B1 1 For either answer
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) EITHER :
2 2 2 3 3 1

: Order
: of Element t s r q p e H
B1
No element of order 6, hence result B1
OR : H is not commutative,
e.g. s rp t pr , B1 Counter-example is required
G is commutative, hence result B1 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 3 , 5 3 , 4 3 , 6 3 , 2 3
6 5 4 3 2
M1 At least 3 calculations
The order of 3 in K is 6 A1
K is isomorphic to G B1 3 If not deduced from orders of elements, a
reason is required (e.g. that K is
commutative)
3 (i) ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ab x b xa b ax xb a bx a x ab M1 At least one correct interchange
A1 2 Completely correct proof
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii)
1 1 1 1
) ( ) (

a xa a a ax a xa ax M1 Pre- and/or post-multiply and simplify at
least once
Hence x a xa
1 1
A1 2 Completely correct proof
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) Closure follows from (i) B1
Associativity is true within G B1
Identity is e, since xe ex B1
Inverses follow from (ii) B1 4
4
5
) sin i Im(cos 5 sin + M1 Expand and take imaginary part

5 3 2 4
sin sin cos 10 sin cos 5 + A1 All three terms correct
5 3 2 2 2
) 1 ( 10 ) 1 ( 5 s s s s s + M1 Use of
2 2
sin 1 cos throughout
) sin 16 sin 20 5 ( sin
4 2
+ A1 4 Given answer shown correctly
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 5 sin
5
1
B1
Hence ) sin(
5
1
is a root of 0 5 20 16
2 4
+ s s B1
) 5 5 (
8
1 2
t s M1 For solving the quadratic in an exact form
) 5 5 ( ) ( sin
8
1
5
1 2
A1 4 Given answer fully justified, e.g. negative
sign chosen since ) ( sin
5
1 2
is certainly
2
1
<
5
i
3
1
e
k
for 6 , 5 , 4 , 3 , 2 , 1 k B1 1 Or equivalent values for k; allow exponential
trigonometrical or cartesian form for roots
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

+
z
z 1
, where is a 6th root of unity M1 1 not required at this stage
1
1
1
z z z M1 Solving for z
1 e
1
i
3
1
k
A1 Given answer correctly shown
5 , 4 , 3 , 2 , 1 k B1 4 Or any correct set of 5 values
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3 k gives real root
2
1
B1
) 1 )(e 1 (e
1 e
i i
i
3
1
3
1
3
1

k k
k
M1 Use of conjugate for general, or for any one
specific, case

k
k k
3
1
3
1
3
1
cos 2 2
1 sin i cos

A1 Correct trigonometric or numerical form
i ) 3 ( i, ) 3 (
6
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
t t A1 Any one complex root correct
A1 5 All four correct
6 0
5 1
4 1 5
1 2 3
det
,
_
a
B1
0 ) 1 25 ( ) 4 5 ( 2 ) 20 ( 3 + + + a a M1 Correct expansion method
A1 Correct unsimplified equation
2 a A1 4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EITHER :
2 1 3
2 r r r M1 Complete method for relation between rows
3 b A1 Given answer correctly shown
OR : 0
5 1
17 1 5
10 2 3
det
,
_
b
M1
3 b A1 2 Given answer correctly shown
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Direction of L is
,
_
,
_
4
1
5
1
2
3
M1 For relevant vector product, or complete
equivalent method
i.e.
,
_
13
7
9
A1 Or any multiple
44 9 13 17 4 5 , 10 2 3 + z x z y x z y x (e.g.) M1 Solve two equations simultaneously
So ) 2 , 1 , 2 ( lies on L A1 Or any other correct point
L is
13
2
7
1
9
2
z y x
A1 5 Or correct equivalent
7 (i) EITHER :
,
_
,
_

0
2
3
, 0
3
a
a
C A
a
a
B A M1 Or equivalent pair of vectors
Normal n is
,
_
,
_
0
2
3
0
3
a
a
a
a
M1 Or equivalent complete method
i.e.
,
_

6
3
2
n A1 Or any multiple
a a
a
DB 12
6
3
2
.
0
2
3
.
,
_
,
_
n M1 Or other relevant scalar product

Perpendicular distance is
n
a 12
M1 Calculate n and divide
a
7
12
A1
OR : Equation s rz qy px + + gives
s ar aq ap s ap s ar + + 2 3 , 3 , M1 Substitute all three points
s ar s aq s ap , ,
2
1
3
1
M1 Solve for p, q, r or p : q : r
Normal vector is
,
_
6
3
2
A1 Or any multiple
Plane is a z y x 6 6 3 2 + M1
Perp distance from ) 0 , 2 , 0 ( a is
2 2 2
6 3 2
6 6
+ +
a a
M1 Relevant use of formula
a
7
12
A1 6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii)
,
_
,
_

a
a D A
a
a
B A 2
0
, 0
3
B1 Or equivalent
Direction of common perpendicular is
,
_
,
_
a
a
a
a
2
0
0
3
M1
i.e.
,
_

6
3
2
n is perpendicular to both A1 or any multiple
a
a
A A 6
6
3
2
. 0
0
.
,
_
,
_
n M1 Or equivalent scalar product

Shortest distance is a
a
7
6
6
n
M1 Divide by n
A1 6 Correct answer
MATHEMATICS M1
Mechanics 1
Answer paper
Graph paper
List of Formulae
Where a numerical value for the acceleration due to gravity is needed, use 9.8 m s
2
.
1
Two forces, of magnitudes 1 N and 3 N, act on a particle in the directions shown in the diagram. Calculate
the magnitude of the resultant force on the particle and the angle between this resultant force and the force
of magnitude 3 N. [5]
2
The diagram shows a railway engine of mass 50 tonnes pulling two trucks horizontally along a straight
track. The trucks are coupled together behind the engine and have masses 8 tonnes and 4 tonnes
respectively, starting with the truck nearer to the engine. The acceleration of the train is
2
s m 5 . 0

.
Assuming that there are no resistances to motion, find
(i) the driving force of the engine, [2]
(ii) the tensions in the two couplings. [4]
3
Two particles, of masses x kg and 0.1 kg, are moving towards each other in the same straight line and
collide directly. Immediately before the impact, the speeds of the particles are
1
s m 2

and
1
s m 3

respectively (see diagram).
(i) Given that both particles are brought to rest by the impact, find x. [2]
(ii) Given instead that the particles move with equal speeds of
1
s m 1

after the impact, find the three
possible values of x. [6]
4 A moving particle P travels in a straight line. At time t seconds after starting from the point O on the line,
the velocity of P is
1
s m
v , where
) 6 (
2
t t v .
Show that the acceleration of P is zero when 4 t . [3]
After a certain time, P comes instantaneously to rest at the point A on the line. State the time taken for the
motion from O to A, and find the distance OA. [5]
5
A heavy ring of mass 5 kg is threaded on a fixed rough horizontal rod. The coefficient of friction between
the ring and the rod is
2
1
. A light string is attached to the ring and is pulled downwards with a force of
magnitude T newtons acting at an angle of 30 to the horizontal (see diagram). Given that the ring is about
to slip along the rod, find the value of T. [9]
6
The diagram shows an approximate ) , ( v t graph for the motion of a parachutist falling vertically;
1
s m
v
is the parachutists downwards velocity at time t seconds after he jumps out of the plane. Use the
information in the diagram
(i) to give a brief description of the parachutists motion throughout the descent, [4]
(ii) to calculate the height from which the jump was made. [2]
The mass of the parachutist is 90 kg. Calculate the upwards force acting on the parachutist, due to the
parachute, when 7 t . [5]
7 (i)
Particles A, of mass 5m, and B, of mass 3m, are attached to the ends of a light inextensible string. The
string passes over a fixed peg, and the system is released from rest with both parts of the string taut
and vertical, and each particle a distance d above a fixed horizontal plane (see diagram). Neglecting
all resistances to motion,
(a) find the acceleration of A in terms of g and show that the tension in the string is mg
4
15
, [6]
(b) find an expression in terms of d and g for the time after release at which A hits the plane. [2]
(ii) The results in part (i) are based on a mathematical model in which resistances to motion are
neglected. Describe briefly one resisting force, other than air resistance, which would be present in a
real system in which objects of unequal mass, hanging from a string passing over a fixed support, are
in motion. [1]
When this force is taken into account, state with brief reasons whether each of the following would be
smaller or larger than the value calculated in part (i):
(a) the acceleration of A;
(b) the tension in the string acting on A;
(c) the tension in the string acting on B.
What can you conclude about the tension in the string in this case? [4]
MATHEMATICS M1
Mechanics 1
MARK SCHEME
MAXIMUM MARK 60
1 EITHER : Vertical component of resultant is
o
40 sin 1 B1
Horizontal component is + 40 cos 1 3 B1
Magnitude is
2 2
6428 . 0 766 . 3 + M1 Allow M mark for either Pythagoras or trig
i.e. 3.82 N A1 For correct magnitude
Angle is
,
_
69 . 9
766 . 3
6428 . 0
tan
1
A1 For correct angle
OR : Vector triangle with sides 1, 3 and included
angle of 140 (not 40) B1 May be implied
+ 140 cos 1 3 2 1 3
2 2 2
R M1 For use of cosine formula with 140 , 1 , 3
Hence magnitude is 3.82 N A1
82 . 3
140 sin
1
sin
M1 For sin formula, or other complete method

Hence angle is 69 . 9 A1 5
2 (i) 5 . 0 ) 4000 8000 50000 ( Force + + M1 For use of NII applied to whole system
kN 31 or N 31000 A1 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) For back t ruck: 5 . 0 4000
1
C M1 Use of NII for the rear truck only
i.e. Force in rear coupling is 2000 N or 2 kN A1
For both trucks: 5 . 0 12000
2
C M1 Use of NII for the pair of trucks with one
force, or equivalent, i.e. 4000
1 2
C C or
25000 31000
2
C
i.e. Force in front coupling is 6000 N or 6 kN A1 4 Follow through if earlier answer is used
3 (i) 0 1 . 0 3 2 x M1 For relevant use of momentum conservation
Hence 15 . 0 x A1 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) x x x x + + 1 . 0 or ) 1 . 0 ( or ) 1 . 0 ( 3 . 0 2 M1 For any one relevant momentum equation
A1 For any one correct (unsimplified) equation
M1 For appreciating at least 2 correct cases
Hence 133 . 0 or 0.0667 or 4 . 0 x A1 For any one correct value
A1 For a second correct value
A1 6 For all three correct answers
4 0 3 12
d
d
2
t t
t
v
M1 For expanding v and differentiating
A1 For correct derivative equated to zero
4 when 0 so , 0 ) 4 ( 3 t a t t A1 3 Given answer correctly found or verified
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
P reaches A when 6 t B1
[ ]
6
0
4
4
1 3
6
0
3 2
2 d ) 6 ( t t t t t s
M1 For integrating v
A1 For correct indefinite integral
324 432 M1 Use of limits or evaluation of arbitrary const
Distance m 108 OA A1 5
5
B1 Correct forces identified, by diagram or
otherwise
Resolving horizontally: M1 For attempting one resolution equation
F T 30 cos A1
Resolving vertically: M1 For attempting a second resolution
R T g + 30 sin 5 A1 Other correct equations are possible
For limiting equilibrium R F
2
1
B1 Available at any stage
) 5 ( 3 .
2
1
2
1
2
1
T g T + M1 For eliminating F and R
A1 Correct unsimplified equation in T only
8 . 39 T A1 9
6 (i) Initially the parachutist falls with constant acc B1 Allow free-fall etc here
Then decelerates at a constant rate B1
Then falls with constant speed B1
And finally hits the ground and comes to rest B1 4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) Area is 15 10 6 ) 10 40 ( 40 4
2
1
2
1
+ + + M1 For sensible attempt at total area under graph
Height is 380 m A1 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Acceleration when 7 t is 5
4 10
40 10

(downwards) M1 For use of gradient to find acceleration

A1 For value 5 ) (t even if sign/direction muddle
Hence ) 5 ( 90 90 T g M1 For use of NII with three relevant terms
B1 For consistent signs in T and ma terms
Force from parachute is 1330 N A1 5
7 (i) (a) Equations of motion for the particles are: M1 For use of NII for either particle separately
ma T mg 5 5 A1 The system equation ma mg 2 8 is an
ma mg T 3 3 A1 alternative for one of these A marks
Hence acceleration is g
4
1
and M1 For finding T or a from sufficient equation(s)
Tension is
4
15
mg A1 For correct acceleration
A1 6 For obtaining given tension correctly
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(b)
2
4
1
2
1
t g d M1 Use appropriate uvast equation and solve for t
Time is
g
d 8
A1 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) Friction between the string and the support B1 1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(a) Acceleration is smaller, as the resistance
opposes the motion B1
(b) Tension at A is larger, because
ma mg T
A
5 5 , and a is less than before B1
(c) Tension at B is smaller, because
mg ma T
B
3 3 + and a is less than before B1
The tensions in the two parts of the string are now
unequal B1 4
BLANK PAGE
MATHEMATICS M2
Mechanics 2
Answer paper
Graph paper
List of Formulae
2
.
1
The diagram shows the cross-section of a uniform solid rectangular block. This cross-section has
dimensions 20 cm by 10 cm and lies in a vertical plane. The block rests in equilibrium on a rough plane
whose inclination to the horizontal can be varied. The coefficient of friction between the block and the
plane is 0.7. Given that is slowly increased from zero, determine whether equilibrium is broken by
toppling or sliding. [5]
2 A small ball of mass 0.2 kg is dropped from rest at a height of 1.2 m above a horizontal floor. The ball
rebounds vertically from the floor, reaching a height of 0.8 m. Assuming that air resistance can be
neglected, calculate
(i) the coefficient of restitution between the ball and the floor, [4]
(ii) the impulse exerted by the floor on the ball when the ball bounces. [2]
If air resistance were taken into account, would the value calculated for the coefficient of restitution be
larger or smaller than the value calculated in part (i)? Justify your conclusion. [1]
3
A uniform lamina ABCD has the shape of a square of side a adjoining a right-angled isosceles triangle
whose equal sides are also of length a. The weight of the lamina is W. The lamina rests, in a vertical
plane, on smooth supports at A and D, with AD horizontal (see diagram).
(i) Show that the centre of mass of the lamina is at a horizontal distance of a
9
11
from A. [4]
(ii) Find, in terms of W, the magnitudes of the forces on the supports at A and D. [4]
4
Fig. 1 shows the cross-section of a hollow container. The base of the container is circular, and is
horizontal. The sloping part of the side makes an angle of 15 with the horizontal, and the vertical part of
the side forms a circular cylinder of radius 0.4 m. A small steel ball of mass 0.1 kg moves in a horizontal
circle inside the container, in contact with the vertical and sloping parts of the side at A and B respectively,
as shown in Fig. 2.
It is assumed that all contacts are smooth and that the radius of the ball is negligible compared to 0.4 m.
(i) Given that the ball is moving with constant speed
1
s m 3

, find the magnitudes of the contact forces
acting on the ball at A and at B. [5]
(ii) Calculate the least speed that the ball can have while remaining in contact with the vertical part of the
side of the container. [3]
5 A car of mass 650 kg is travelling on a straight road which is inclined to the horizontal at 5. At a certain
point P on the road the cars speed is
1
s m 15

. The point Q is 400 m down the hill from P, and at Q the
cars speed is
1
s m 35

.
(i) Assume that the cars engine produces a constant driving force on the car as it moves down the hill
from P to Q, and that any resistances to the cars motion may be neglected. By considering the
change in energy of the car, or otherwise, calculate the magnitude of the driving force of the cars
engine. [4]
(ii) Assume instead that resistance to the cars motion between P and Q may be represented by a constant
force of magnitude 900 N. Given that the acceleration of the car at Q is zero, show that the power of
the cars engine at this instant is approximately 12.1 kW. [4]
Given that the power of the cars engine is the same when the car is at P as it is when the car is at Q,
calculate the cars acceleration at P. [2]
6
A uniform rectangular box of weight W stands on a horizontal floor and leans against a vertical wall. The
diagram shows the vertical cross-section ABCD containing the centre of mass G of the box. AD makes an
angle with the horizontal, and the lengths of AB and AD are 2a and 8a respectively.
(i) By splitting the weight into components parallel and perpendicular to AD, or otherwise, show that the
anticlockwise moment of the weight about the point D is ) sin cos 4 ( Wa . [3]
(ii) The contact at A between the box and the wall is smooth. Find, in terms of W and , the magnitude
of the force acting on the box at A. [3]
(iii) The contact at D between the box and the ground is rough, with coefficient of friction . Given that
the box is about to slip, show that
1 8
4
tan
+
. [4]
7
A shell is fired from a stationary ship O which is at a distance of 1000 m from the foot of a vertical cliff AB
of height 100 m. The shell passes vertically above B and lands at a point C on horizontal ground, level
with the top of the cliff (see Fig. 1). The shell is fired with speed
1
s m 300

at angle of elevation , and
air resistance to the motion of the shell may be neglected.
(i) Given that
30 , find the time of flight of the shell and the distance BC. [6]
(ii)
Given instead that the shell just passes over B, as shown in Fig. 2, find the value of , correct to the
nearest degree. [6]
MATHEMATICS M2
Mechanics 2
MARK SCHEME
MAXIMUM MARK 60
1 Topples when CG is above lowest corner B1 May be implied
i.e. when
2
1
tan B1
Slides when sin 7 . 0 and cos mg R mg R M1 Both equations attempted
i.e. when 7 . 0 tan A1 Allow B2 in place of M1 A1 if tan is
quoted
Hence it topples, since 7 . 0
2
1
< B1 5 Conclusion and reason needed
2 (i) Speed before impact is 8 . 0 2 and 2 . 1 2 g g M1 For one relevant use energy or const acc
A1 For both correct (unsimplified) values
Hence 0.816
4 . 2
6 . 1
3
2

g
g
e M1 For use of ev v to calculate e
A1 4 For correct exact or decimal answer
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) s N 76 . 1 ) 6 . 1 4 . 2 ( 2 . 0 Impulse + g g M1 Allow M mark even if there is a sign error
A1 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
With air resistance, speed before impact is smaller, and
speed after impact is larger; hence e is larger B1 1 For correct conclusion with correct reasons
3 (i) CG of triangle is a
3
2
horizontally from A B1
Moments: x W a W a W +
2
3
3
2
3
2
3
1
M1 For equating moments about A, or equivalent
A1 For a correct unsimplified equation
Hence a x
9
11
A1 4 Given answer correctly shown
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) W R a W a R
A A
18
7
9
7
2 M1 For one moments equation
A1 For one correct answer
W R W R R
D D A
18
11
+ M1 For resolving, or a second moments equation
A1 4 For a second correct answer
4 (i) g R
B
1 . 0 15 cos B1
Hence N 01 . 1
B
R B1
4 . 0
3
1 . 0 15 sin
2
+
B A
R R M1 For using NII horizontally (3 terms needed)
A1 Correct equation
Hence N 99 . 1
A
R A1 5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) 01 . 1 and , 0
B A
R R as before B1 May be implied
4 . 0
1 . 0 15 sin
2
v
R
B
M1
1
s m 02 . 1

v A1 3
5 (i) EITHER : ) 15 35 ( 650 KE
2 2
2
1
B1 For correct unsimplified expression
5 sin 400 650 PE g B1 Sign of change not required
073 2 22 000 325 400 T M1 For equating work and energy change
N 257 T A1
OR : 25 . 1
400 2
15 35
2 2
a B1 For correct unsimplified expression for a

a g T 650 5 sin 650 + M1 For 3-term NII equation || slope
A1 Correct equation
N 257 T A1 4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) Driving force at Q is
35
H
B1 For any correct statement of Fv P
+ 5 sin 650
35
900 g
H
M1 For 3-term force equation || slope at Q
A1 Correct equation
Hence kW 1 . 12 i.e. W 12069 H A1 4 Given answer correctly shown
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a g
H
650 900 5 sin 650
15
+ M1 For 4-term NII equation
2
s m 707 . 0

a A1 2
6 (i) EITHER : Moments of weight components are:
a W 4 cos (anticlockwise) B1
a W sin (clockwise) B1
Hence total anticlockwise is
) sin cos 4 ( Wa B1 Given answer correctly shown
OR : Horizontal distance G D is M1 For using horizontal projections
cos 4 sin a a + A1 Correct expression
Hence anticlockwise moment is
) sin cos 4 ( Wa A1 Given answer correctly shown
OR : Horizontal distance G D is
4
1 2 2
tan where ) cos( ) 4 ( + + a a B1
Anticlockwise moment is
( ) sin cos 17
17
1
17
4 2
a W M1
i.e. ) sin cos 4 ( Wa A1 3 Given answer correctly shown
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) sin 8 ) sin cos 4 ( a R Wa
A
M1 For moments equation about D, using (i)
A1 Correct equation
) 1 cot 4 (
8
1
W R
A
A1 3 For correct answer, in any form
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) W R
D
B1
A D
R F B1
8
1 cot 4

M1 For use of R F in equation involving
Hence
1 8
4
tan
+
A1 4 For showing given result correctly

7 (i) EITHER :
2
9 . 4 150 100 t t M1 For use of
2
2
1
at ut s + vertically
A1 For correct equation
8 . 9
20540 150 t
t M1 For any solution method
Time to C is 29.9 s A1
9 . 29 30 cos 300 x M1
m 6780 1000 x BC A1
OR :
4
3 2
2
300 2
8 . 9
3
100

x x
M1 For trajectory equation with 100 y ,
300 V , 30
A1 For correct unsimplified equation
7776 x M1 For any solution method
Hence m 6780 BC A1
30 cos 300
x
t M1
s 9 . 29 A1 6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) ) tan 1 (
300 2
1000 8 . 9
tan 1000 100
2
2
2
+
M1 For trajectory equation with 100 y ,

300 , 1000 V x
M1 For use of
2 2
tan 1 sec +
0 139 tan 900 tan 49
2
+ A1 Correct simplified quadratic
98
27244 900 900
tan
2
t
M1 For any solution method
M1 For taking arctan of the smaller root
9 A1 6
MATHEMATICS M3
Mechanics 3
Answer paper
Graph paper
List of Formulae
2
.
1
A ball of mass 0.2 kg falls vertically onto a sloping grass bank, and rebounds horizontally (see diagram).
Immediately before the bounce the speed of the ball is
1
s m 8

, and immediately after the bounce the speed
is
1
s m 3

. Calculate the magnitude and direction of the impulse on the ball due to the impact. [4]
2 A light elastic string of modulus 28 N and natural length 0.8 m has one end attached to a fixed point O. A
particle of mass 0.5 kg is attached to the other end.
(i) The particle hangs in equilibrium at the point E. Calculate the distance OE. [2]
(ii) The particle is held at O and is released from rest. Calculate the speed of the particle as it passes the
point E. [4]
3
Two uniform smooth spheres A and B, of equal radius, are free to move on a smooth horizontal table. The
mass of B is twice the mass of A. Initially B is at rest and A is moving with speed
1
s m 5

. The spheres
collide, and immediately before impact the direction of motion of A makes an angle of 30 with the line of
centres. After the collision A moves at right angles to its original direction (see diagram). Show that
(i) the speed of A immediately after the collision is
1
3
5
s m 3

, [2]
(ii) the speed of B immediately after the collision is also
1
3
5
s m 3

, [3]
(iii) the collision is perfectly elastic. [3]
4 A particle of mass 0.2 kg is connected by two equal light elastic springs, each of natural length 0.5 m and
modulus of elasticity 5 N, to two points A and B on a smooth horizontal table. The mid-point of AB is O
and the length of AB is 1 m. The particle is displaced from O, towards B, through a distance of 0.3 m to
the point C and released from rest. In the subsequent motion air resistance may be neglected. After
t seconds the displacement of the particle from O is x metres. Show that
x
t
x
100
d
d
2
2
. [3]
The particle moves a distance 0.1 m from C to D. Find
(i) the speed of the particle at D, [3]
(ii) the time taken to reach D. [3]
5 A particle of mass m is attached to one end of a light inextensible string of length 10a. The other end of
the string is attached to a fixed point O. The particle is released from rest with the string taut and
horizontal. Assuming there is no air resistance, find
(i) the speed of the particle when the string has turned through 30, [2]
(ii) the tension in the string at this instant. [3]
When the string reaches the vertical position, it comes into contact with a small fixed peg A which is a
distance 7a below O. The particle begins to move in a vertical circle of radius 3a with centre A (see
diagram). Determine, showing your working, whether the particle describes a complete circle about A. [5]
6
Two uniform beams AB and BC, each of length 5a, have masses 3m and 2m respectively. The beams are
freely jointed to fixed points at A and C, and to each other at B. The points A and C are on the same
horizontal level at a distance 8a apart, and the beams are in equilibrium with B vertically below the mid-
point of AC, as shown in the diagram.
(i) Find the vertical component of the force acting on BC at C, and show that the horizontal component
of this force is mg
3
5
. [6]
(ii) Find the magnitude and direction of the force acting on AB at B. [5]
7 A body falls vertically, the forces acting being gravity and air resistance. The air resistance is proportional
to v, where v is the bodys speed at time t. The value of v for which the acceleration is zero is known as the
terminal velocity for the motion, and is denoted by U. Show that the equation of motion of the body may
be expressed as
) (
d
d
v U
U
g
t
v
. [3]
A parachutist jumps from a helicopter which is hovering at a height of several hundred metres, and falls
vertically. Assume that, before the parachute is opened, the terminal velocity for the motion is
1
s m 50

.
The parachutist opens the parachute 10 s after jumping. Find the speed at which the parachutist is falling
just before the parachute opens. [5]
The diagram shows a ) , ( v t graph for the parachutists motion, as modelled using the above differential
equation.
(i) Explain the significance of the speed of
1
s m 10

in relation to the differential equation. [1]
(ii) What has been assumed about the opening of the parachute? [1]
(iii) Find the deceleration of the parachutist just after the parachute opens. [2]
MATHEMATICS M3
Mechanics 3
MARK SCHEME
MAXIMUM MARK 60
1
B1 For identifying impulse vector with the
change of momentum, by means of a triangle
or otherwise
,
_

6 . 0
6 . 1
tan horizontal above Direction
6 . 1 6 . 0 Magnitude
1
2 2
M1 For either Pythagoras or trig calculation
Impulse is 1.71 N s at 4 . 69 to horizontal A1 For magnitude
A1 4 For angle to horizontal, or equivalent
2 (i)
8 . 0
28
5 . 0
x
g M1 For equilibrium equation and Hooke
m 94 . 0 14 . 0 OE x A1 2 Correct answer for OE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) Conservation of energy: M1 For equation involving KE, PE and EE
94 . 0 5 . 0
8 . 0 2
14 . 0 28
5 . 0
2
2
2
1

+ g v B1 For correct EE term

B1 For PE term, correct apart possibly from sign
606 . 4 343 . 0 25 . 0
2
+ v , hence
1
s m 13 . 4

v A1 4
3 (i) 60 cos 5 30 cos
A
v M1 Equating components line of centres
( ) 3 3
3
5
2
1
2
5

A
v A1 2 Given answer correctly shown
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) 60 cos 2 30 cos 5
A B
mv mv m M1 Using momentum || line of centres
A1 Correct equation (
A
v need not be numerical)
3 3 3 2
3
5
6
5
2
5
+
B B
v v A1 3 Given answer correctly shown
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) + 30 cos 5 60 cos e v v
B A
M1 Using restitution || line of centres
+ 30 cos 5 3 60 cos 3
3
5
3
5
e A1 Correct equation
Hence 1 e , as required A1 3 Given result correctly shown
4 Force in each spring is
5 . 0
5x
B1 Correct expression for a general position
Equation of motion is x x x & & 2 . 0 10 10 + M1 For relevant use of NII
i.e. x x 100 & & A1 3 Given answer correctly shown
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i) Motion is SHM with amplitude 0.3 m B1 Allow at any stage in the question
) 2 . 0 3 . 0 ( 100
2 2 2

D
v M1
Speed at D is
1
s m 24 . 2

A1 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) ) 10 cos( 3 . 0 2 . 0
D
t B1 For correct SHM equation involving
D
t
( )
3
2 1
cos 1 . 0

D
t M1 Or equivalent complete solution method
Time to reach D is 0.0841 s A1 3
5 (i) 30 sin 10
2
2
1
a mg mv M1 For relevant use of conservation of energy
Hence ga v 10 A1 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii)
a
ga
m mg T
10
10
60 cos M1 3-term NII equation || string
A1 Correct unsimplified equation
mg T
2
3
A1 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Critical case is 0 T at highest point B1 May be implied
a mg mv
H
4
2
2
1
M1 Use of energy to find
H
v at highest point
ga v
H
8
2
A1
a
mv
T mg
3
2
+ M1 Resolving to find T ( mg
3
5
) when
H
v v or
to find critical ) 3 (
2
ga v for 0 T
Hence it does make a complete circle A1 5 Correct result and reason
6 (i) Moments about A for the system: M1 Equation with 3 terms needed
a Y a mg a mg
C
8 6 2 2 3 + A1 For correct unsimplified equation
mg Y
C
4
9
A1 Correct answer for the vertical component
Moments about B for BC: M1 Equation with 3 terms needed
a mg a X a mg
C
4 3 2 2
4
9
+ A1 For correct unsimplified equation
mg X
C
3
5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) mg X
B
3
5
B1
mg Y
B
4
1
B1 Follow the answer for
C
Y in (i)
,
_
tan horizontal above Dir

Magnitude
1
2 2
B
B
B B
X
Y
Y X
M1 For numerical Pythagoras or trig calculation
mg mg 69 . 1 409 Magnitude
12
1
A1 Correct exact or approximate value
( )

5 . 8 tan horizontal above Dir
20
3 1
A1 5 Correct exact or approximate angle
7 Equation of motion is kv mg
t
v
m
d
d
B1
At terminal velocity kU mg B1
Hence ) (
d
d
v U
U
g
t
v
B1 3 Given answer correctly shown
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(
t
g
v
v
d
50
d
50
1
M1 For separation and attempt at integration
c t v + 196 . 0 ) 50 ln( A1 For both indefinite integrals correct
c t v 50 ln 0 , 0 M1 Evaluation of constant or equiv use of limits
50 ln 96 . 1 ) 50 ln(
10
v A1 Correct equation for
10
v
-1 96 . 1
10
s m 0 43 ) e 1 ( 50 . v

A1 5 For correct exact or approximate answer
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i)
1
s m 10

is the terminal velocity (value of U) after
the parachute opens B1 1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) The parachute is assumed to open instantaneously B1 1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) ) 0 . 43 10 (
10
8 . 9
d
d

t
v
M1
Hence deceleration is
2
s m 3 . 32

A1 2
BLANK PAGE
MATHEMATICS M4
Mechanics 4
Answer paper
Graph paper
List of Formulae
2
.
74
1 The region bounded by the part of the curve x y from 0 x to a x , the x-axis and the line a x is
rotated completely about the x-axis to form a uniform solid of revolution. Find by integration the
x-coordinate of the centre of mass of the solid. [6]
2
The diagram shows a uniform circular disc, of mass m and radius a, which is free to rotate in a vertical
plane about a smooth fixed horizontal axis through its centre O. A light inextensible string is wrapped
round the circumference of the disc, and has one end attached to the circumference. A particle of mass m
hangs freely at the other end of the string. The system is released from rest. Show that the angular
acceleration of the disc is
a
g
3
2
, and find the tension in the string. [6]
3 A rigid square frame consists of four uniform rods, each of mass m and length 2a, joined at their ends to
form a square. Show that the moment of inertia of the frame, about an axis through one of its corners and
perpendicular to its plane, is
2
3
40
ma . [3]
The frame is suspended from one corner, and can rotate in a vertical plane about a smooth horizontal axis
through that corner. Show that the motion in which the frame makes small oscillations about its
equilibrium position is approximately simple harmonic, and find the period of this simple harmonic
motion. [5]
4 A uniform circular disc, of mass m and radius a, can rotate in a vertical plane about a fixed horizontal axis
passing through its centre O. When the disc is at rest, a particle of mass 2m is released, from rest, at a
height 2a vertically above one end A of the horizontal diameter of the disc. The particle falls freely, strikes
the disc at A, and adheres to the disc. Find the angular speed with which the disc starts to rotate. [5]
While the disc (with the attached particle) rotates, a constant frictional couple C acts on the disc. The disc
comes to rest after one quarter of a revolution, when the particle is at the lowest point of the disc. Find C.
[3]
75
5 A uniform rod AB, of mass m and length 2a, is free to rotate in a vertical plane about a smooth horizontal
axis through A. When the rod is hanging at rest in equilibrium with B vertically below A, it is given an
angular speed , where
a
g
4
3
2
.
Show that the rod comes instantaneously to rest when it has turned through an angle
3
1
. [2]
At this position of instantaneous rest, the force acting on the rod at A has horizontal and vertical
components X and Y respectively. Find X and Y in terms of m and g. [8]
6
A light aircraft flies flies from A due east to B and then flies directly back to A. The distance AB is d, and
the speed of the aircraft relative to the air is 4V. During the flight, there is a steady wind, of speed V in a
direction making an angle with AB (see diagram). Show that the total flying time for the journey from A
to B and back is
V
d
15
cos 15 2
2
+
. [10]
76
7
A small smooth bead B, of mass m, is threaded on a circular wire with centre O and radius a. The wire is
fixed in a vertical plane. A light elastic string, of natural length a and modulus of elasticity , has one end
fixed at O. The string passes through a small smooth ring A fixed at the highest point of the wire, and the
other end of the string is attached to B. The diagram shows the system at an instant when OB makes an
angle with the downward vertical at O.
(i) Taking the horizontal level of O as the reference level for gravitational potential energy, show that the
total potential energy of the system in the position shown is
cos ) ( mg a a + . [4]
(ii) Hence show that there is a position of stable equilibrium with 0 so long as mg < . [3]
(iii) Given that mg
2
1
, show that the approximate period of small oscillations about the equilibrium
position is
g
a 2
2 . [5]
MATHEMATICS M4
Mechanics 4
MARK SCHEME
MAXIMUM MARK 60
1
a
x x
0
d mass Total M1 For relevant use of
x y d
2
2
2
1
a A1 Introduction of is required
a
x x
0
2
d moment Total M1 For relevant use of
x xy d
2
3
3
1
a A1 No further penalty if omitted
Hence a x a x a
3
2 3
3
1 2
2
1
M1 For equating and solving for x
A1 6 For correct final answer
2 For particle: mf T mg B1
For disc:
2
2
1
ma Ta B1
String moves with disc, so a f B1 Stated or used at any stage
Hence ma ma mf mg
2
3
2
1
+ M1 For obtaining an equation in (or T)
a
g
3
2
A1 Given answer shown correctly
mg T
3
1
A1 6
3 M.I. for one of the rods opposite the axis is: M1 Relevant use of parallel axes theorem
2
3
16 2 2 2
3
1
) 4 ( ma a a m ma + + A1 For correct unsimplified expression
2
3
40 2
3
16 2
3
4
) ( 2 frame of M.I. ma ma ma + A1 3 Given answer shown correctly
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Weight 4mg acts at 2 a from the axis B1
Equation of motion is:
& & 2
3
40
sin 2 4 ma mga M1 For relevant use of
& &
I C at general posn
A1 Correct equation
i.e.
a
g
10
2 3

& &
A1 Reduction to standard SHM form
Hence SHM with period
2 3
10
2
g
a
A1 5
4 Speed of particle before impact is ga 4 B1
( )
2 2
2
1
2 4 2 ma ma a ga m + M1 Equating ang mom before and after
B1 For total M.I. ( )
2 2
2
1
2ma ma + , or equivalent
A1 Correct equation
Hence
a
g
5
8
A1 5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Work done against friction is
2
1
C B1
Hence mga ma C 2
2 2
4
5
2
1
+ M1 Equating energy (KE and PE) to work
5
52mga
C A1 3
5 ) cos 1 (
4
3
. .
2
3
4
2
1
mga
a
g
ma M1 For relevant use of conservation of energy

3
1
2
1
so , LHS mga A1 2 Given answer obtained or verified correctly
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
They may have X and/or Y reversed; any
consistent work is acceptable
( )
2
3
4
3
1
sin ma mga M1 Taking moments about A to find ang acc
i.e.
a
g
8
3 3
A1
Acceleration component of CG || rod is zero B1 May be implied
and perpendicular to rod is
8
3 3 g
A1
EITHER : Res hor: ( )
3
1
cos
8
3 3
.
g
m X M1 To include attempt at resolving transverse acc
i.e. mg X
16
3 3
A1
Res vert: ( )
3
1
sin
8
3 3
.
g
m Y mg M1
Hence mg Y
16
7
A1
OR : Res || rod: mg Y X
2
1
2
1
2
1
3 + B1
Res rod: M1 4 terms required
mg mg Y X 3 3 3
8
3
2
1
2
1
2
1
+ A1 Correct equation
mg Y mg X
16
7
,
16
3 3
A1 8 For both answers
6
B1 For correct triangle; may be implied
cos 2 16 or sin sin
2 2 2
4
1
RV V R V + B1 For appropriate use of sine or cosine rule

2
4
1
sin 1 4 cos + V V R or M1 Any method for R in terms of V and
15 cos cos
2
+ + V V R or equivalent A1 For any correct (unsimplified) expression
B1 For correct return triangle; may be implied
15 cos cos
2
+ + V V S or equivalent M1 Any method for S in terms of V and
A1 For any correct (unsimplified) expression
Total time is
S
d
R
d
+ M1 For expressing this in terms of d, V,
i.e.

2 2 2 2
2
cos ) 15 (cos
15 cos 2 ) (
V V
dV
RS
S R d
+
+
+
M1 For combining the terms algebraically
V
d
15
cos 15 2
2
+
7 (i) cos 2 2 or cos 2
2 2 2
2
1
a a AB a AB + M1
a
a
2
) cos 1 ( 2
energy Elastic
2
+
A1 Or equivalent
PE of B is cos mga B1
Total energy cos ) ( mg a a V + A1 4 Given answer correctly shown
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) 0 sin ) (
d
d

mg a
V
M1 Differentiate and equate to zero, or equivalent
argument from properties of cos graph
Hence 0 A1 Given answer correctly shown
mg mg a
V
< >

if 0 ) (
d
d
0
2
2
A1 3 Stability explained via identification of min V
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) constant ) (
2
2
1
+V a m
&
B1
0 sin
2
1 2
+ mga ma
& &
M1 Differentiate with respect to t
A1 Correct simplified equation
i.e.
a
g
2

& &
, so SHM M1 Reduction to standard form
Period is
g
a 2
2 A1 5 Given answer correctly shown
MATHEMATICS S1
Probability & Statistics 1
Answer paper
Graph paper
List of Formulae
1 Janet and John wanted to compare their daily journey times to work, so they each kept a record of their
journey times for a few weeks. Janets daily journey times, x minutes, for a period of 25 days, were
summarised by 2120 x and 044 180
2
x . Calculate the mean and standard deviation of Janets
journey times. [3]
Johns journey times had a mean of 79.7 minutes and a standard deviation of 6.22 minutes. Describe
briefly, in everyday terms, how Janet and Johns journey times compare. [2]
2 Two independent assessors awarded marks to each of 5 projects. The results were as shown in the table.
Project A B C D E
First assessor 38 91 62 83 61
Second assessor 56 84 41 85 62
Calculate Spearmans rank correlation coefficient for the data. [4]
Show, by sketching a suitable scatter diagram, how two assessors might have assessed 5 projects in such a
way that Spearmans rank correlation coefficient for their marks was 1 + while the product moment
correlation coefficient for their marks was not 1 + . (Your scatter diagram need not be drawn accurately to
scale.) [2]
3 Each packet of the breakfast cereal Fizz contains one plastic toy animal. There are five different animals in
the set, and the cereal manufacturers use equal numbers of each. Without opening a packet it is impossible
to tell which animal it contains. A family has already collected four different animals at the start of a year
and they now need to collect an elephant to complete their set. The family is interested in how many
packets they will need to buy before they complete their set.
(i) Stating any necessary assumption, name an appropriate distribution with which to model this
situation. What is the expected number of packets that they family will need to buy? [3]
(ii) Find the probability that the family will complete their set with the third packet they buy after the start
of the year. [2]
(iii) Find the probability that, in order to complete their collection, the family will need to buy more than 4
packets after the start of the year. [3]
4 A sixth-form class consists of 7 girls and 5 boys. Three students from the class are chosen at random. The
number of boys chosen is denoted by the random variable X. Show that
(i)
44
7
) 0 P( X , [2]
(ii)
22
7
) 2 P( X . [3]
The complete probability distribution of X is shown in the following table.
22
1
22
7
44
21
44
7
) P(
3 2 1 0
x X
x
Calculate ) E(X and ) ( Var X . [5]

5
The diagram shows the cumulative frequency graphs for the marks scored by the candidates in an
examination. The 2000 candidates each took two papers; the upper curve shows the distribution of marks
on paper 1 and the lower curve shows the distribution on paper 2. The maximum mark on each paper was
100.
(i) Use the diagram to estimate the median mark for each of paper 1 and paper 2, and the interquartile
range for paper 1. [6]
(ii) State with a reason which of the two papers you think was the easier one. [2]
(iii) The candidates marks for the two papers could also be illustrated by means of a pair of box-and
whisker plots. Give two brief comments on any advantages or disadvantages in using cumulative
frequency graphs and box-and-whisker plots to represent the data. [2]
6 Items from a production line are examined for any defects. The probability that any item will be found to
be defective is 0.15, independently of all other items.
(i) A batch of 16 items is inspected. Using tables of cumulative binomial probabilities, or otherwise, find
the probability that
(a) at least 4 items in the batch are defective, [2]
(b) exactly 4 items in the batch are defective. [2]
(ii) Five batches, each containing 16 items, are taken.
(a) Find the probability that at most 2 of these 5 batches contain at least 4 defective items. [4]
(b) Find the expected number of batches that contain at least 4 defective items. [2]
7 An experiment was conducted to see whether there was any relationship between the maximum tidal
current,
1
s cm
y , and the tidal range, x metres, at a particular marine location. [The tidal range is the
difference between the height of high tide and the height of low tide.] Readings were taken over a period
of 12 days, and the results are shown in the following table.
x 2.0 2.4 3.0 3.1 3.4 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.5 4.6 4.9
y 15.2 22.0 25.2 33.0 33.1 34.2 51.0 42.3 45.0 50.7 61.0 59.2
.] 78 . 1837 , 75 . 915 20 , 69 . 164 , 9 . 471 , 3 . 43 [
2 2
xy y x y x
The scatter diagram below illustrates the data.
(i) Calculate the product moment correlation coefficient for the data, and comment briefly on your
answer with reference to the appearance of the scatter diagram. [4]
(ii) Calculate the equation of the regression line of maximum tidal current on tidal range. [3]
(iii) Estimate the maximum tidal current on a day when the tidal range is 4.2 m, and indicate briefly how
reliable an estimate you consider your answer to be. [3]
(iv) It is suggested that the equation found in part (ii) could be used to predict the maximum tidal current
on a day when the tidal range is 15 m. Comment briefly on the validity of this suggestion. [1]
MATHEMATICS S1
MARK SCHEME
MAXIMUM MARK 60
1 Mean is 84.8 minutes B1
2
8 . 84
25
180044
deviation Standard M1 May be implied
27 . 3 minutes A1 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Johns average time is about 5 mins less than Janets B1
Johns times are more variable than Janets B1 2
2 Ranks are:
3 5 1 4 2
2 4 3 5 1
B1 Or with ranks reversed
Values of d are 1 , 1 , 2 , 1 , 1 M1 Or reversed, or values of
2
d
6 . 0
24 5
8 6
1

s
r M1 Correct formula for Spearman used
A1 4 Correct answer (fraction or decimal)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(e.g.) B2 2 For 5 points, showing any non-linear
increasing relationship
3 (i) Each packet is equally likely to contain any of the
5 animals, independently of other packets B1 Allow either equally likely or independent
Geometric distribution B1 No need to state
5
1
p here
Expected number is 5 B1 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) ( ) ( ) 128 . 0 or
125
16
5
1
2
5
4
M1 Any numerical p q
n
calculation
A1 2 Correct answer
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) ( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) { }
5
1
3
5
4
5
1
2
5
4
5
1
5
4
5
1
4
5
4
1 or + + + M1 Allow M mark even if there is an error of 1 in
the number of terms
A1 For correct expression for the answer
410 . 0 or 4096 . 0 or
625
256
A1 3 Correct fraction or decimal
4 (i)
44
7
220
35
3
12
3
7
) 0 P(
,
_
,
_
X M1 For ratio of relevant
,
_
r
n
terms, or equivalent
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) ) girl 1 and boys 2 P( ) 2 P( X B1 May be implied
22
7
220
10 7
3
12
2
5
1
7
,
_
,
_
,
_
M1 For use of relevant
,
_
r
n
terms, or complete
alternative multiplication/addition of probs
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4
5
22
1
22
7
44
21
44
7
3 2 1 0 ) E( + + + X M1 For correct calculation process
A1 Correct answer (fraction or decimal form)
44
95
22
1
22
7
44
21
44
7 2
9 4 1 0 ) E( + + + X B1 For correct numerical expression for p x
2
( ) 597 . 0 or ) ( Var
176
105
2
4
5
44
95
X (to 3dp) M1 For correct overall method for variance
A1 5 For correct answer
5 (i) Medians correspond to 1000 candidates M1 Reading off at 1000; may be implied
63 , 38
2 1
m m A1 Correct value for either median
A1 For both correct
Quartiles correspond to 1500 and 500 candidates M1 Reading off at either; may be implied
26 , 56
1 3
q q A1 Both correct
30 IQR A1 6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) Paper 2 was easier B1
Marks were higher on paper 2 B1 2 Or similar statement, e.g. higher median
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) Possible valid comments include:
Box plots give quick direct comparisons of
medians and IQRs
Box plots dont include all the information that
CF graphs do
CF graphs can be used to read off values both
ways round B1 For any one valid comment
etc B1 2 Any other valid comment
6 (i) (a) ) 1 ( 210 . 0 7899 . 0 1 M1 Complement of relevant tabular value
A1 2 Correct answer
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(b) 131 . 0 7899 . 0 9209 . 0 M1 Subtracting relevant tabular values
A1 2 Correct answer
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) (a)
2 3 4 5
210 . 0 790 . 0 10 210 . 0 790 . 0 5 790 . 0 + + M1 Any use of B(5, 0.210)
M1 Correct 3 cases identified
A1 Correct numerical expression for required
probability, with their value from (i)(a)
0.934 A1 4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(b) 05 . 1 210 . 0 5 M1 For relevant use of np
A1 2 For correct answer
7 (i)
,
_

,
_
12
9 . 471
75 . 20915
12
3 . 43
69 . 164
12
9 . 471 3 . 43
78 . 1837
2 2
r M1 Or equivalent; may be implied
956 . 0 A1
The value is close to 1 + , B1 For relating the value to 1
and the points in the diagram lie (fairly) close to
a straight line with positive gradient B1 4 For a reasonable comment about linearity
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) Gradient of regression line is
9789 . 15
12
3 . 43
69 . 164
12
9 . 471 3 . 43
78 . 1837
2

M1 May be implied if calculator routine used
,
_

12
3 . 43
9789 . 15
12
9 . 471
x y M1 May similarly be implied
3 . 18 0 . 16 x y A1 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) 3 . 18 2 . 4 0 . 16 y M1
Current is
1
s cm 8 . 48

A1 Units required in answer
Diagram indicates some uncertainty, e.g.
1
s cm 5

t B1 3 Allow any reasonable comment
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(v) The prediction would be (very) unreliable because
of the extrapolation involved B1 1 For conclusion and idea of extrapolation
BLANK PAGE
MATHEMATICS S2
Answer paper
Graph paper
List of Formulae
90
1 Before being packed in boxes, apples in a fruit-packing plant have to be checked for bruising. The apples
pass along a conveyor belt, and an inspector removes any of the apples that are badly bruised. Badly
bruised apples arrive at random times, but at a constant average rate of 1.8 per minute.
(i) Find the probability that at least one badly bruised apple arrives in a one-minute period. [3]
(ii) In a period of a minutes, the probability of at least one badly bruised apple arriving is 0.995. Find the
value of a. [3]
2 A student answers a test consisting of 16 multiple-choice questions, in each of which the correct response
has to be selected from the four possible answers given. The student only gets 2 of the questions correct,
and the teacher remarks that this shows that the student did worse than anyone would do just by guessing
the answers. The probability of the student answering a question correctly is denoted by p, assumed to be
the same for all the questions in the test.
(i) State suitable null and alternative hypotheses, in terms of p, for a test to examine whether the
teachers remark is justified. [2]
(ii) Carry out the test, using a 10% significance level, and state your conclusion clearly. [4]
3 Lessons in a school are supposed to last for 40 minutes. However, a Mathematics teacher finds that pupils
are usually late in arriving for his lessons, and that the actual length of teaching time available can be
modelled by a normal distribution with mean 34.8 minutes and standard deviation 1.6 minutes.
(i) Find the probability that the length of teaching time available will be less than 37.0 minutes. [2]
(ii) The probability that the length of teaching time available exceeds m minutes is 0.75. Find m. [3]
The teacher has a weekly allocation of 5 lessons with a particular class. Assuming that these 5 lessons can
be regarded as a random sample, find the probability that the mean length of teaching time available in
these 5 lessons will lie between 34.0 and 36.0 minutes. [4]
4 It is given that 93% of children in the UK have been immunised against whooping cough. The number of
children in a random sample of 60 UK children who have been immunised is X, and the number who have
not been immunised is Y. State, with reasons, which of X or Y has a distribution which can be
approximated by a Poisson distribution. [3]
Using a Poisson approximation, find the probability that at least 58 children in the sample of 60 have been
immunised against whooping cough. [3]
Three random samples, each of 60 UK children, are taken. Find the probability that in one of these
samples exactly 59 children have been immunised while in each of the other two samples exactly 58
children have been immunised. Give your answer correct to 1 significant figure. [3]
5 The continuous random variable X has probability density function f given by
'

otherwise, 0
, 3 0 ) 3 (
) f(
2
x x kx
x
where k is a constant.
(i) Show that
27
4
k , and find ) E(X . [5]
(ii) Find ) 2 P( < X . [2]
(iii) Use your answer to part (ii) to state, with a reason, whether the median of X is less than 2, equal to 2
or greater than 2. [2]
6 The reading age of children about to start secondary school is a measure of how good they are at reading
and understanding printed text. A childs reading age, measured in years, is denoted by the random
variable X. The distribution of X is assumed to be ) , N(
2
. The reading ages of a random sample of 80
children were measured, and the data obtained is summarised by 7 . 892 x , 82 . 266 10
2
x .
(i) Calculate unbiased estimates of and
2
, giving your answers correct to 2 decimal places. [3]
(ii) Previous research has suggested that the value of was 10.75. Determine whether the evidence of
this sample indicates that the value of is now different from 10.75. Use a 10% significance level
for your test. [5]
(iii) State, giving a brief reason, whether your conclusion in part (ii) would remain valid if
(a) the distribution of X could not be assumed to be normal, [1]
(b) the 80 children were all chosen from those starting at one particular secondary school. [1]
7 The breaking strength of a certain type of fishing line has a normal distribution with standard deviation
0.24 kN. A random sample of 10 lines is tested. The mean breaking strengths of the sample and of the
population are kN x and kN respectively. The null hypothesis 75 . 8 is tested against the
alternative hypothesis 75 . 8 < at the % 2
2
1
significance level.
(i) Show that the range of values of x for which the null hypothesis is rejected is given by 60 . 8 < x ,
correct to 2 decimal places. [4]
(ii) Explain briefly what is meant, in the context of this question, by a Type I error, and state the
probability of making a Type I error. [2]
(iii) Explain briefly what is meant, in the context of this question, by a Type II error, and find the
probability of making a Type II error when 50 . 8 . [5]
BLANK PAGE
MATHEMATICS S2
MARK SCHEME
MAXIMUM MARK 60
1 (i)
8 . 1
e 1 ) one least at P(

B1 For any use of Po(1.8)
M1 For use of complementary probability
835 . 0 A1 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) 995 . 0 e 1
8 . 1

a
B1
005 . 0 ln 8 . 1 a M1 For correct use of logs in solving for a
94 . 2 a A1 3
2 (i) Null hypothesis:
4
1
p B1
Alternative hypothesis:
4
1
< p B1 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) Under the NH, ) , 16 B( ~ correct number
4
1
M1 May be implied
Hence 1971 . 0 ) correct fewer or 2 P( A1 Using tables or direct calculation
This is greater than 0.1 (not significant) M1 For comparing with the significance level
There is insufficient evidence to justify the
teachers suggestion that the score was worse
than would be produced by pure guesswork A1 4
3 (i) 915 . 0 ) 375 . 1 (
6 . 1
8 . 34 0 . 37
) 0 . 37 P(
,
_

< T M1 Standardising and using tables
A1 2 Correct answer 0.915
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) 674 . 0
6 . 1
8 . 34

m
M1 Equating standardised m to a z value
B1 For use of 674 . 0 ) (t in an equation
Hence 7 . 33 m A1 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
,
_
,
_

< <
5 / 6 . 1
8 . 34 0 . 34
5 / 6 . 1
8 . 34 0 . 36
) 0 . 36 0 . 34 P( T M1 For using ) 5 / 6 . 1 , 8 . 34 N(
2
A1 For both end-points standardised correctly
)} 118 . 1 ( 1 { ) 677 . 1 ( M1 Correct process for prob between end-points
821 . 0 A1 4
4 ) 07 . 0 , 60 B( ~ ), 93 . 0 , 60 B( ~ Y X M1 For either binomial distribution identified
Hence Y is suitable for a Poisson approximation, A1 For correct conclusion
since n is large and p is small A1 3 For correct justification
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
) 2 . 4 ( Po ~ Y B1 May be implied
Required probability is ) 2 P( Y M1 For attempted evaluation of relevant Po prob
i.e. 0.210 A1 3 Using tables or direct calculation
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Required probability is 3 e
2
2 . 4
e 2 . 4
2
2 . 4
2
2 . 4

,
_

B1 For
2 2 1
p p p , using Poisson or binomial
B1 For correct factor of 3
i.e. 0.003 to 1 sf B1 3 Follow through wrong value of 4.2 only
5 (i) 1 d ) 3 (
3
0
3 2

x x x k M1 Equating to 1 and attempting to integrate

[ ] 1
3
0
4
4
1 3
x x k A1 For correct integration
27
4
1
4
81
27
,
_
k k A1 Given answer correctly obtained

3
0
4 3
27
4
d ) 3 ( ) E( x x x X M1 For correct application of
x x x d ) f(
5
9
A1 5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) [ ]
2
0
4
4
1 3
27
4
) 2 P( x x X < M1
27
16
A1 2 Or equivalent decimal answer
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii)
27
16
is greater than
2
1
M1 For comparison of answer (ii) with
2
1
Hence the median is less than 2 A1 2
6 (i) 16 . 11
80
7 . 892
x to 2dp B1 For correct value 11.16
,
_

80
7 . 892
82 . 66 2 10
79
1
2
2
s M1 For this expression, or equivalent
87 . 3 to 2dp A1 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) 75 . 10 : H
0
, 75 . 10 : H
1
B1 Both hypotheses
Test statistic is 86 . 1
80 / 87 . 3
75 . 10 16 . 11
z M1 Standardising attempt using 80 /

2
s
A1 Correct value; follow their s
This is greater than critical (2 tail) value 645 . 1 z M1 Or comparing ) 86 . 1 ( with 5%
There is evidence to suggest that the value of is
now different A1 5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) (a) Still valid, since the sample size (80) is large Allow any reasoned conclusion mentioning
enough to appeal to the CLT B1 1 the CLT
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(b) Not valid, since the children starting at one
school may not be representative of all
children of this age. B1 1 For conclusion and reason
7 (i) Critical value is
10
24 . 0
96 . 1 75 . 8 M1 Calculation of correct form S.E. 75 . 8 z
B1 Relevant use of 96 . 1
A1 Relevant use of 10 / 24 . 0
i.e. reject null hypothesis when 60 . 8 < x A1 4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) NH 75 . 8 would be rejected when the mean
breaking strength is in fact 8.75 kN B1
025 . 0 ) error I Type ( P B1 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) NH 75 . 8 would be accepted when the mean
breaking strength is in fact less than 8.75 kN B1
Type II error occurs when 60 . 8 > x B1 May be implied
Probability is
,
_

10 / 24 . 0
50 . 8 60 . 8
1 M1 Using normal distribution with mean 8.50
A1 Correct standardising, and use of t ables
0938 . 0 A1 5
BLANK PAGE
MATHEMATICS S3
Answer paper
Graph paper
List of Formulae
1 A test of the null hypothesis of independence of two characteristics is required for the following
contingency table.
Characteristic 1 Totals
12 9 19 40
Characteristic 2
28 61 71 160
Totals 40 70 90 200
(i) Find the expected frequency corresponding to the cell with observed frequency 12. [1]
(ii) Given that the value of the
2
test statistic is 4.80, correct to 3 significant figures, carry out the test at
the 10% significance level. [3]
2 The customer services section in a department store deals both with enquiries by telephone and also with
enquiries in person by shoppers in the store. Telephone enquiries occur at random times at an average rate
of 4 per half hour. Shoppers in the store arrive to make enquiries at random times at an average rate of 5
per half hour. Assuming that the two types of enquiries occur independently of each other, find the
probability that a total of between 10 and 20 enquiries (inclusive) have to be dealt with in a randomly
chosen half hour period. [5]
3 A supermarket sells 2 kg bags of new potatoes, in which the potatoes have been selected to be all roughly
the same size. The potatoes used to fill the bags may be assumed to be randomly chosen items from a
population in which the mass, in grams, of an individual potato is normally distributed with mean 90 and
standard deviation 4.
(i) Show that the probability that the total mass of 21 of these potatoes exceeds 2 kg is very small. [4]
(ii) Find the probability that the total mass of 22 of these potatoes exceeds 2 kg. [2]
(iii) The machine filling the bags delivers potatoes one by one until a total mass of at least 2 kg is reached.
Show that the bags are almost certain to contain either 22 or 23 potatoes. [2]
4 A random sample of six observations of the random variable X gave the following values:
. 7 . 1 , 1 . 6 , 1 . 2 , 0 . 4 , 8 . 1 , 2 . 3
.] 99 . 73 , 7 . 14 [
2
x x
The population mean of X is . Calculate a 90% confidence interval for ,
(i) assuming that X has a normal distribution with variance 8.5,
(ii) assuming instead that X has a normal distribution with unknown variance.
[9]
5 State what distributional assumptions are necessary for it to be valid to use
(i) the two-sample t-test,
(ii) the paired-sample t-test,
to test for a difference in population means. [3]
Two different types of nylon fibre were tested for the amount of stretching under tension. Ten random
samples of each fibre, of the same length and diameter, were stretched by applying a standard load. For
Fibre 1 the increases in length, x mm, were as follows.
12.84 14.26 13.23 14.75 15.13 14.15 13.37 12.96 15.02 14.38
.] 0513 . 1969 , 09 . 140 [
2
x x
For Fibre 2 the increases in length, y mm, were as follows.
14.27 13.25 14.17 13.11 14.92 12.12 14.21 13.68 15.14 14.81
.] 9794 . 1958 , 68 . 139 [
2
y y
Assuming that any necessary conditions for the validity of your test hold, test whether the mean increase in
length of the two types of fibre is different. Use a 10% significance level. [7]
6 Six hens are observed over a period of 20 days and the number of eggs laid each day is summarised in the
following table.
Number of eggs 3 4 5 6
Number of days 2 2 10 6
Show that the mean number of eggs per day is 5. [2]
It may be assumed that a hen never lays more than one egg in any day. State one other assumption that
needs to be made in order to consider a binomial model, with 6 n , for the total number of eggs laid in a
day. [1]
Calculate the expected frequencies using a binomial model for the above data and carry out a
2
goodness
of fit test, using a 10% significance level. [9]
7 The continuous random variable X has a triangular distribution with probability density function given by
'
otherwise. 0
, 1 0 1
, 0 1 1
) f( x x
x x
x
Show that, for 1 0 a ,
2
2 ) P( a a a X . [3]
The random variable Y is given by
2
X Y . Express ) P( y Y in terms of y, for 1 0 y , and hence
show that the probability density function of Y is given by
1
1
) g(
y
y , for 1 0 < y . [3]
Use the density function of Y to find ) E(Y , and show how the value of ) E(Y may also be obtained directly
using the probability density function of X. [4]
Determine ) E( Y . [2]
MATHEMATICS S3
MARK SCHEME
MAXIMUM MARK 60
1 (i) 8
200
40 40
B1 1 For correct answer; working not needed

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) 4.80 is greater than critical value 4.605 M1 Comparing with a tabular value
A1 Using correct figure 4.605
There is evidence to suggest that the characteristics
are not independent A1 3
2 Model for all enquiries is Po(9) B1 For any mention of a Poisson distribution
M1 Summing two Poisson distributions
A1 For statement of correct parameter 9
5874 . 0 9996 . 0 y Probabilit M1 Subtracting relevant tabular values
412 . 0 A1 5
3 (i) ) 336 , 1890 N( ~
21
T M1 For normal distribution with correct mean
A1 For variance
2
4 21 (both these first two
marks may be implied by later working)
) 6 ( 1
336
1890 2000
1 ) 2000 P(
21

,
_

> T M1 For correct processes for relevant tail
Hence prob is very small since 1 ) 6 ( A1 4 Correct conclusion, based on suff large z
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii)

,
_

>
16 22
90 22 2000
1 ) 2000 P(
22
T M1 For relevant new normal calculation
143 . 0 ) 066 . 1 ( 1 A1 2 For correct probability
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) 1 ) 649 . 3 (
368
2070 2000
1 ) 2000 P(
23

,
_

> T M1 For relevant calculation for 23 potatoes
Hence 23 potatoes is almost always enough A1 2 For correct conclusion based on correct figs
4 (i) 45 . 2
6
7 . 14
x B1 At any stage; may be implied
Interval is 9579 . 1 45 . 2
6
5 . 8
645 . 1 45 . 2 t t M1 For calculation of the form n z x /
2
t
A1 For relevant use of 645 . 1 z
i.e. 41 . 4 49 . 0 < < A1 4 For correct interval
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) 595 . 7
6
7 . 14
99 . 73
5
1
2
2

,
_
s M1 For correct unsimplified expression for

2
s
A1 For correct value (may be implied)
Interval is 267 . 2 45 . 2
6
595 . 7
015 . 2 45 . 2 t t M1 For calculation of the form n s t x /
2
t
A1 For relevant use of 015 . 2 t
i.e. 72 . 4 18 . 0 < < A1 5 For correct interval
5 (i) The distributions must be normal B1
The distributions must have equal variances B1
(ii) The differences must be normally distributed B1 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 : H ; 0 : H
1 0

y x y x
B1 For both
18
10
68 . 139
9794 . 1958
10
09 . 140
0513 . 1969
2 2
2
,
_
+
,
_
p
S M1 Use of correct formula
8033 . 0 A1 May be implied
Test statistic
( )
1023 . 0
8033 . 0
968 . 13 009 . 14
10
1
10
1

+
t M1 Use of correct formula

A1 Correct value of t
This is less than the critical value 1.734 M1 Comparing to tabular value of t
There is not significant evidence of a difference in mean
increase A1 7
6 5
20
6 6 10 5 2 4 2 3
Mean
+ + +
M1
A1 2 Obtain given answer correctly
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assume that the probability of any hen laying an egg on
any day is constant and that hens lay eggs
independently of each other B1 1 For either constant prob or independence
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Distribution to be fitted is ( )
6
5
, 6 B B1 May be implied
Expected frequencies are ( ) ( )
i i
i
i
f

,
_

6
6
1
6
5
6
20 M1 For any one calculation using correct method
02 . 4 , 04 . 8 , 70 . 6
4 5 6
f f f A1 All three correct to at least 2dp
00 . 0 , 02 . 0 , 16 . 0 , 07 . 1
0 1 2 3
f f f f A1 For all four correct, or 25 . 1
3

f stated
Combining cells:
70 . 6 04 . 8 27 . 5
6 10 4
6 5 4
e
o
f
f
M1 Use of criterion 5 <

e
f for combining
857 . 0
70 . 6
70 . 0
04 . 8
96 . 1
27 . 5
27 . 1
2 2 2
2
+ + M1
A1 Allow anything between 0.85 and 0.86 (inc)
This is less than the critical value 2.706 M1 Compare with tabular value
Hence there is a satisfactory fit A1 9
7 ) P( ) P( a X a a X < < < M1 For consideration of two areas, or equiv

+ +
a
a
x x x x
0
0
d ) 1 ( d ) 1 ( A1 Or equivalent trapezium areas
[ ] [ ]
2
0
2
2
1
0
2
2
1
2 a a x x x x
a
a
+ +

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( ) y y y X y X y Y 2 P ) P( ) P(
2
B1 For correct expression
Hence the pgf of Y is ( ) 1
1
2
d
d

y
y y
y
M1 For differentiation of previous expression
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ ]
6
1
1
0 2
1
3
2
1
0
2
1
2
3
2
1
d ) E(
y y y y y Y M1 For correct integral

A1 For answer
6
1

+ +
1
0
3 2
0
1
3 2 2
d ) ( d ) ( ) E( x x x x x x X M1
[ ] [ ]
6
1
12
1
12
1
1
0
4
4
1 3
3
1
0
1
4
4
1 3
3
1
+ + +
x x x x A1 4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[ ]
3
1
1
0 3
2
1
0
1
0
2
3
2
1
2
1
d ) 1 ( d ) g( ) E(

y y y y y y y Y M1 For forming the correct integral
A1 2 Correct answer
MATHEMATICS S4
Answer paper
Graph paper
List of Formulae
1 To compare the effect of a new drug on men and women, a small-scale trial was conducted, involving 6
randomly chosen men and 4 randomly chosen women. For each person, the time, in minutes, before the
drug began to take effect was recorded, with the results shown in the table below.
Men 19 32 24 33 31 28
Women 14 13 18 27
Use a suitable non-parametric test to determine if there is evidence, at the 5% significance level, that the
drug acts more quickly in women than it does in men. [5]
2 The continuous random variable X has probability density function given by
'
<

, 0 0
, 0 e
) f(
x
x
x
x
where is a positive constant. Show that the moment generating function of X is given by
t
t
X
) ( M . [3]
Use this moment generating function to find the mean and variance of X. [4]
3 Events A and B are such that
2
1
) P( A ,
3
1
) P( B ,
4
3
) P( B A .
(i) Determine, giving your reasons clearly, whether A and B are
(a) mutually exclusive, [1]
(b) independent. [3]
(ii) Find the values of
(a) ) | P( B A , [2]
(b) ) | P( B A , where B denotes the complement of B. [3]
4 A bin contains a large number of seeds of which 20% will produce a plant with a red flower and 30% will
produce a plant with a yellow flower. The remaining 50% will fail to germinate. Two seeds are chosen at
random from the bin and planted in a pot. The random variables R and Y denote the number of red and
yellow flowers, respectively, that will be produced from the seeds. The table below shows the joint
probability distribution of R and Y.
R
0 1 2
0 0.25 0.20 0.04
Y 1 0.30 0.12 0
2 0.09 0 0
(i) Find the marginal distributions of R and Y. [2]
(ii) Show that 4 . 0 ) ( E R and find ) ( E Y . [2]
(iii) Find ) , ( Cov Y R . [3]
(iv) Find the distribution of Y conditional on 1 R , and hence state the expected value of the number of
yellow flowers in a pot in which there is one red flower. [2]
5 The discrete random variable X denotes the score obtained in a single throw of an ordinary fair die. Show
that the probability generating function of X may be expressed as
) 1 ( 6
) 1 (
6
t
t t
. [2]
Write down the probability generating function for the total score obtained when three fair dice are thrown.
[1]
Hence show that the probability of obtaining a total score of 10 when three fair dice are thrown is
8
1
. [6]
6 Explain briefly the circumstances under which a non-parametric test of significance should be used in
preference to a parametric test. [1]
The acidity of soil can be measured by its pH value. As a part of a Geography project a student measured
the pH values of 14 randomly chosen samples of soil in a certain area, with the following results.
37 . 5 68 . 5 89 . 5 71 . 6 10 . 5 16 . 5 52 . 6 80 . 5 41 . 5 10 . 6 76 . 6 64 . 6 73 . 5 67 . 5
Use a suitable non-parametric test to test whether the average pH value for soil in this area is 6.24. Use a
10% level of significance. [4]
Some time later, the pH values of soil samples taken at exactly the same locations as before were again
measured. It was found that, for 3 of the 14 locations, the new pH value was higher than the previous
value, while for the other 11 locations the new value was lower. Test, at the 5% significance level,
whether there is evidence that the average pH value of soil in this area is lower than previously. [4]
7 The continuous random variable X has a uniform distribution on the interval a x 0 , where the value of
the parameter a is unknown. Three independent observations,
3 2 1
, , X X X , of X are taken.
(i) An estimator is defined by ) (
3 2 1
3
2
X X X + + . Show that is an unbiased estimator of a, and
find ) [6] ( Var in terms of a. [6]
(ii) Another estimator is based on the greatest of the three values
3 2 1
, , X X X . Denoting the greatest of
the three values by the variable G, use the fact that, for any value x between 0 and a,
) and and (
3 2 1
x X x X x X x G < < < <
to write down the cumulative distribution function of G, and hence to obtain the probability density
function of G. [2]
Hence show that, if G
3
4
, then is an unbiased estimator of a, and determine which of and
is the more efficient estimator. [4]
MATHEMATICS S4
MARK SCHEME
MAXIMUM MARK 60
1
0
H : same distributions of times for men and women,
1
H : lower average for women B1 For both NH and AH
Ranks are:
6 3 1 2 W
7 8 10 5 9 4 M
M1 For ranking all 10 values
Test statistic is 12 6 3 2 1 + + + A1 For sum of womens ranks
Critical Wilcoxon rank-sum value is 13 M1 For comparing with correct tabular value
Hence reject
0
H and conclude that there is evidence to
suggest that drug acts more quickly in women than it
does in men A1 5
2
0
d e e ) ( M x t
x tx
X

B1 Correct integral stated
1
]
1
0
) (
e
x t
t
M1 For correct integration method

t

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
K +
,
_
+ +
2
1 ) ( M

t t
t
X
B1 Three correct terms
1
) E( X B1
2
2
2
1 1 ! 2
) Var(

,
_
X M1 For using correct variance formula

A1 4 Correct answer for variance
3 (i) (a) Not exclusive, since
4
3
3
1
2
1
+ B1 1 Conclusion and reason both required
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(b)
12
1
3
1
2
1
4
3
) P( B A M1 Use of correct formula
A1 Correct value
12
1
Not independent, as
12
1
3
1
2
1
A1 3 Conclusion and reason both required
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) (a)
4
1
) P(
) P(
) | P(
B
B A
B A M1 Use of correct formula
A1 2 Follow answer to (i)(b)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(b) ) P( ) P( ) P( B A A B A M1 Or equivalent, e.g. from Venn diagram
12
5
12
1
2
1
A1
8
5
3
2
12
5
) | P( B A A1 3
4 (i) R :
04 . 0 32 . 0 64 . 0
2 1 0
M1 Adding rows (or columns)
Y :
09 . 0 42 . 0 49 . 0
2 1 0
A1 2 Both distributions correct
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) 4 . 0 04 . 0 2 32 . 0 1 64 . 0 0 ) E( + + R M1 Correct process for either mean
6 . 0 09 . 0 2 42 . 0 1 49 . 0 0 ) E( + + Y A1 2 Both means correct
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) 12 . 0 ) E( RY B1
6 . 0 4 . 0 12 . 0 ) , Cov( Y R M1
12 . 0 A1 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iv) Conditional distribution is:
0
2 1 0
8
3
8
5 B1
Expected value is
8
3
B1 2
5 PGF is ) (
6 5 4 3 2
6
1
t t t t t t + + + + + B1
i.e.
) 1 ( 6
) 1 (
6
t
t t
B1 2 Use of GP sum to deduce given answer

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3
3 6 3
) 1 ( 216
) 1 (
t
t t
B1 1 For cube of answer (i), in any form

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
) 6 3 1 )( 3 1 (
2 6 3
216
1
K K + + + + t t t t M1 For using both binomial expansions
A1 Both correct at least as far as shown
Terms in
7
t from product of brackets are: M1 Picking out relevant term(s)
t t 3 3
6
A1
7
36 1 t A1
8
1
216
1
) 9 36 ( y Probabilit A1 6 Given answer correctly shown
6 A non-parametric test is needed when there is no
information (or reasonable assumption) available
about an underlying distribution B1 1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deviations from NH value 6.24 are:
87 . 0 56 . 0 35 . 0 47 . 0 14 . 1 08 . 1 28 . 0
44 . 0 83 . 0 14 . 0 52 . 0 40 . 0 51 . 0 57 . 0

M1 For calculating signed differences from 6.24
Signed ranks are:
12 9 3 6 14 13 2
5 11 1 8 4 7 10

A1 For calculating correct signed ranks
Test statistic is 25 20 8 6 4 2 < + + + M1 For calculating T and comparing
Conclude that there is evidence to suggest that the
average pH value is not 6.24 A1 4 For correct conclusion based on correct work
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0
H : same average pH as before;
1
H : lower value B1 For both hypotheses
Under
0
H , tail probability for 3 or fewer out of 14 is M1 For use of relevant binomial distribution
( ) 05 . 0 0287 . 0 ) 364 91 14 1 (
14
2
1
< + + + A1 For correct value tail probability 0.0287
Hence reject
0
H and accept that average pH is lower A1 4 For correct conclusion based on correct work
7 (i) a X
2
1
) E( B1 May be implied
) E( 3 ) E(
3
2
X M1
a , as required A1 For conclusion correctly shown and stated
( )
2
2
1
0
2
d ) Var( a x
a
x
X
a
M1
2
12
1
a A1
2
9
1 2
12
3
9
4
) Var( a a A1 6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii)
3
) P(

,
_
<
a
x
x G B1
Hence pdf is
3
2
3
a
x
B1 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(
a
x
a
x
0
3
3
d
3
3
4
) E( M1
a , as required A1 For conclusion correctly shown and stated
2
0
3
4
d
3
9
16
) Var( a x
a
x
a
M1
2
9
1 2
15
1
a a <
Hence is more efficient A1 4 Correct ) Var( and conclusion
MATHEMATICS D1
Discrete Mathematics 1
Answer paper
Graph paper
List of Formulae
1 Andy wants to record the following twelve TV programmes onto video tape. Each video tape has space for
up to three hours of programmes.
Programme
Length (hours) 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
4
3
2
1
2
1
4
3
2
1
2
1
L K J I H G F E D C B A
(i) Suppose that Andy records the programmes in the order A to L using the first fit algorithm. Find the
number of tapes needed, and show which programmes are recorded onto which tape. [3]
(ii) Suppose instead that Andy is transferring the programmes from previously recorded tapes, so that
they can be copied in any order, and that Andy uses the first fit decreasing algorithm. Find the
number of tapes needed, and show which programmes are recorded onto which tape. [3]
2
(a) (b) (c)
(i) By considering the order of each node, classify each of the graphs (a), (b) and (c) shown in the
diagram as Eulerian, semi-Eulerian or neither. [4]
(ii) Explain briefly how your classification in part (i) relates to the problem of finding a route through the
graph that includes each arc exactly once. Are there any restrictions on where such a route can start
and finish? [3]
3 A company has offices is six towns, A, B, C, D, E and F. The costs, in , of travelling between these towns
are shown in the table.
Town A B C D E F
A 15 26 13 14 25
B 15 16 16 25 13
C 26 16 38 16 15
D 13 16 38 15 19
E 14 25 16 15 14
F 25 13 15 19 14
Use Prims algorithm, starting by deleting row A, to find the cheapest way of connecting the six towns.
You should show all your working and indicate the order in which the towns were included. [7]
4 An express delivery pizza company promises to deliver pizzas within 30 minutes of an order being
telephoned in. Four customers telephone in orders at the same time. While the pizzas are cooking, which
takes 10 minutes, a delivery route must be planned for the person who will deliver all four pizzas. The
diagram below shows the pizza company P and the four customers A, B, C and D, and the accompanying
table shows the travel times for each possible leg of a journey between them.
The travel times shown exclude the time taken to stop at a customers house and deliver the pizza; this
stopping and delivery time is
2
1
2 minutes.
(i) Explain why a travelling salesperson solution taking less than 13 minutes guarantees that all four
customers will get their pizzas (including stopping and delivery times) within 30 minutes of their
telephone call. [4]
(ii) The pizzas are delivered using the nearest neighbour algorithm, as follows.
The first delivery is to the customer who is nearest to P (in the sense of having the shortest travel
time).
The second delivery is to the customer who is nearest to the first one.
The third delivery is to the customer nearest to the second who is still waiting for a pizza.
The fourth delivery is to the remaining customer.
Write down the order in which the pizzas are delivered using this algorithm, and calculate how long
the fourth customer has to wait for their pizza (including the stopping and delivery time). [4]
P A B C D
P 5 3 4 2
A 5 1 4 4
B 3 1 3 5
C 4 4 3 7
D 2 4 5 7
5 Lou Zitt has a budget of 2000 to spend on storage units for his office. The storage units must not cover
more than
2
m 50 of floor space, and Lou wants to maximise the storage capacity. The three types of
storage unit that he can choose from are shown in the following table.
Type Storage capacity (m
3
) Floor space covered (m
2
) Cost ()
Antique pine units 3 1 100
Beech wood units 8 4 500
Cedar wood units 6 3 200
Suppose that Lou buys a antique pine units, b beech wood units and c cedar wood units.
(i) Write down two constraints that must be satisfied by a, b and c, other than 0 a , 0 b , 0 c . [2]
(ii) Write down the objective function for this problem. [1]
(iii) Set up the problem as an LP formulation. (You are not expected to solve the problem.) [4]
(iv) Identify which aspect of the original problem has been overlooked in the LP formulation. [1]
6 A graph has five vertices, P, Q, R, S, T, and each vertex is directly connected to every other vertex.
Describe how to apply Dijkstras algorithm to find the shortest path from P to T, and explain why this
requires 6 addition calculations in the worst case. [6]
Show that when Dijkstras algorithm is used on a graph with six vertices it requires 10 addition
calculations in the worst case. [2]
The number of additions affects the amount of time that Dijkstras algorithm takes to run on a computer.
(i) Assuming that the problem has already been put into a suitable format, what is the other main factor
that would affect the time that Dijkstras algorithm takes to run on a computer? [1]
(ii) Dijkstras algorithm is of quadratic order (order
2
n ). Explain what this means. [2]
7 A linear programming problem gives the following LP formulation.
Maximise z y x P 5 4 3 + +
subject to
2 6 3 9
3 5 8 2
+ +
+ +
z y x
z y x
and . 0 , 0 , 0 z y x
(i) Set up an initial simplex tableau for this problem. Perform two iterations, choosing first to pivot on
an element chosen from the z column. [9]
(ii) State the values of x, y, z and P that result from each of the two iterations carried out in part (i). [2]
(iii) Explain how you know whether or not the optimal solution has been achieved. [2]
MATHEMATICS D1
MARK SCHEME
MAXIMUM MARK 60
1 (i) A, B, C, D all fit onto one tape but E doesnt M1 Applying the algorithm with first tape
Tapes hold ABCD, EFG, HI, J, K, L A1
So 6 tapes are needed A1 3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) First tape contains K and D (or other 2 + 1 pair) M1 Applying the algorithm with first tape
Tapes hold KD, LE, JF, HI, GCAB (or equiv) A1
So 5 tapes are needed A1 3
2 (i) Orders are: (a)
5 5 4 5 5
E D C B A
(b)
3 4 4 4 5
E D C B A
M1 For recognisable attempt for any one case
(c)
4 4 4 4 4
E D C B A
Hence (a) is neither, since there are 4 odd nodes A1
(b) is semi-Eulerian, since there are 2 odd nodes A1
(c) is Eulerian, since all the nodes are even A1 4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) No such route exists for graph (a) B1
There are routes for graph (b), but they have to
start and finish at odd nodes, i.e. A and E B1
There are routes for graph (c), where all routes
start and finish at the same node, which can be
any one of the five B1 3
3
B1 Deleting row A and choosing AD
M1 Deleting row D and choose from cols A, D
A1 Correct choice at this stage
M1 For carrying out the complete algorithm
Arcs: 15 , 13 , 14 , 14 , 13 FC FB EF AE AD A1 All arcs correct
Order of adding is A, D, E, F, B, C B1
Total cost is 69 15 13 14 14 13 + + + + B1 7
A
1
B C D E F
A 15 26 13 14 25
B 15 16 16 25 13
C 26 16 38 16 15
D 13 16 38 15 19
E 14 25 16 15 14
F 25 13 15 19 14
A
1
B C D
2
E F
A 15 26 13 14 25
B 15 16 16 25 13
C 26 16 38 16 15
D 13 16 38 15 19
E 14 25 16 15 14
F 25 13 15 19 14
A
1
B C D
2
E
3
F
A 15 26 13 14 25
B 15 16 16 25 13
C 26 16 38 16 15
D 13 16 38 15 19
E 14 25 16 15 14
F 25 13 15 19 14
A
1
B C D
2
E
3
F
4
A 15 26 13 14 25
B 15 16 16 25 13
C 26 16 38 16 15
D 13 16 38 15 19
E 14 25 16 15 14
F 25 13 15 19 14
A
1
B
5
C D
2
E
3
F
4
A 15 26 13 14 25
B 15 16 16 25 13
C 26 16 38 16 15
D 13 16 38 15 19
E 14 25 16 15 14
F 25 13 15 19 14
4 (i) Travel time available is mins 10 2 4 10 30
2
1
B1
Return time from last delivery is not relevant M1
This can be at least 3 mins (since any route can be
followed in either direction) A1
Hence TSP solution of 13 3 10 + or less suffices A1 4 Given answer correctly explained
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) The order is DABC B2 Allow B1 for DACB
Total time is
2
1
2 4 3 1 4 2 10 + + + + + M1 Cooking and stopping times required
i.e. 30 minutes A1 4
5 (i) 50 3 4 + + c b a B1
20 2 5 + + c b a B1 2 Allow any correct unsimplified version
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) c b a 6 8 3 + + B1 1 Allow in the form of an equation
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) Maximise c b a P 6 8 3 + + B1
Subject to 50 3 4 + + c b a B1
and 20 2 5 + + c b a B1
Together with 0 , 0 , 0 c b a B1 4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iv) The variables a, b, c must be integers B1 1
6 Label Q, R, S, T with direct distances from P, and select
smallest (say Q) B1 Correct description of labelling and selecting
Update distances to R, S, T if route from P via Q is
shorter B1 Correct description of first stage of Dijkstra
The initial 3 possible updates require 3 additions so far B1
Select the smallest of R, S, T and repeat the updating
process; this stage requires another 2 additions B1 Explanation of 2 additions at this stage
The final stage similarly requires 1 addition, so the total
is 6 1 2 3 + + B1 Given total of 6 correctly explained
Trace back to find the shortest path, including an arc XY
whenever the distance to X plus the length of XY is
the same as the distance to Y B1 6 For explanation of tracing back
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Worst case number is 1 2 3 4 + + + M1
i.e. 10 A1 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i) The number of comparisons B1 1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) The number of operations needed to complete the
algorithm is (approximately) proportional to the
square of the number of nodes B1 Allow e.g. time taken prop to square of size
So, for example, doubling the number of nodes
will (roughly) quadruple the amount to be done B1 2
7 (i) Simplex tableau is: M1 Table with correct numbers of rows and cols
2 1 0 6 3 9 0
3 0 1 5 8 2 0
0 0 0 5 4 3 1
z y x P
A1 Correct initial values throughout
Select 6 in the z column as pivot B1
Result of first iteration is: M1 For correct row operations
3
1
6
1
2
1
2
1
3
1
6
5
2
1
2
1
3
2
6
5
2
1
2
1
0 1 1 0
1 1 0 5 5 0
1 0 0 1 4 1

z y x P
A1 Correct values throughout
Select
2
1
5 in y column for second pivot B1
Result of second iteration is: M1 For correct row operations
33
7
33
8
11
1
33
8
33
5
11
2
33
67
33
20
11
3
1 0 2 0
0 1 1 0
0 0 3 1

z y x P
A2 9 All values correct; allow A1 if one error
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) After 1 iteration:
3
2
3
1
1 , , 0 , 0 P z y x B1
After 2 iterations:
33
67
33
7
33
8
, , , 0 P z y x B1 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) There are no negative numbers in the top row
of the tableau B1
Hence the solution is optimal B1 2
This question paper consists of 5 printed pages, 3 blank pages and an insert.
Specimen Materials Mathematics OCR 2000
125
MATHEMATICS D2
Answer paper
Graph paper
List of Formulae
Specimen Materials Mathematics OCR 2000 126
1
The diagram represents a system of pipes. The weights show the (directed) maximum capacity for each
pipe in litres per minute.
(i) Calculate the capacity of the cut C marked in the diagram. [2]
(ii) Draw a diagram showing a flow from S to T of 230 litres per minute in which each of the pipes JL,
KM and MT is carrying its full capacity. [1]
(iii) Explain carefully what can be deduced from parts (i) and (ii) about flows through this network. [2]
2 Granny has bought Christmas presents for her five grandchildren.
The teddy bear is suitable for Cathy, Daniel or Elvis;
the book is suitable for Annie or Ben;
the football is suitable for Daniel or Elvis;
the money box is suitable for Annie or Daniel;
the drum is suitable for Cathy or Elvis.
Draw a bipartite graph, G, to show which present is suitable for which grandchild. [2]
Granny decides to give Annie the book, Cathy the teddy bear, Daniel the money box and Elvis the drum.
This leaves Ben without a present, since the football is not suitable for him.
(i) Show the incomplete matching, M, that describes which present Granny had decided to give to each
child. [1]
(ii) Use a matching algorithm to construct an alternating path for M in G, and hence find a maximal
matching between the presents and the grandchildren. [2]
3 Richard and Carol play a two-person zero-sum simultaneous play game. The table shows Richards pay-
off matrix for the game.
Carol
Strategy X Strategy Y Strategy Z
Strategy A 2 3 2
Richard Strategy B 4 1 1
Strategy C 5 0 1
(i) Find the play-safe strategy for each player, and hence show that this game does not have a stable
solution. [4]
(ii) Richards optimal mixed strategy can be found by using linear programming. Set up a suitable LP
formulation, defining the symbols you use. (You are not required to solve the LP problem.) [4]
4 A relay team consists of four runners, A, B, C and D, each of whom runs one leg of the race. The best
training times, in seconds, for each of the runners over each of the legs are given in the table.
1st leg 2nd leg 3rd leg 4th leg
A 47 45 45 43
B 48 44 45 44
C 46 45 44 43
D 50 47 46 44
Use the Hungarian algorithm to decide which runner should be allocated to which leg of the race. [8]
5 The Rolling Pebbles have been playing as a band for many years. When they tour they sometimes play old
songs, they sometimes play new songs and they sometimes play a mixture of old and new songs. Their
choice depends on the age of the audience. The table shows the audience reaction (as a score out of 10) for
each of the possible combinations. High scores are good.
Audience
Young Mixed Older
Old 1 3 8
Songs played Mixture 3 1 2
New 8 5 3
Explain why, according to this data, the band should never choose to play a mixture of old and new songs.
[1]
The band do not know whether their audience will be young, older or of mixed ages. Suppose that they
choose to play old songs with probability p and new songs with probability p 1 .
(i) Calculate, in terms of p, the expected reaction from each of the three types of audience. [4]
(ii) Use a graphical method to decide what value p should take to maximise the minimum expected
reaction from part (i). Mark clearly on your graph the vertex where the optimal value occurs. [5]
6 [Answer both parts of this question on the Insert Sheet provided.]
Jim is playing a space adventure game. He has found the alien headquarters and now has four turns to
escape from the planet, or else perish. On each turn, Jim must play one of three tactics. He can attack, run
away or dodge the aliens. The number of energy pods used up during the turn is shown in Table 1.
Table 1
Tactic Energy pods used
Attack 2
Run away 1
Dodge 0
The number of squares that Jim travels with each of these tactics is shown in Table 2.
Table 2
Energy pods remaining at start of turn
5 4 3 2 1
Attack 6 7 6 4
Run away 5 4 4 3 1
Dodge 1 2 1 1 0
Jim currently has five energy pods, and needs to maximise the number of squares that he travels in the four
turns that he has left. He should finish the game with no energy pods remaining, but he needs at least one
energy pod at the start of each of his four turns.
(i) The diagram on the Insert Sheet shows the action (A, R or D) for each possible transition. Mark on
the diagram the cost associated with each action, i.e. the number of squares travelled. [3]
(ii) The dynamic programming tabulation on the Insert Sheet shows stages (turns), states (numbers of
energy pods remaining), actions (A, R or D) and a column for costs (numbers of squares travelled).
Complete this tabulation to find Jims best strategy, and the number of squares that Jim travels using
this strategy. [8]
7 The table shows the six activities in a project, together with their durations, precedences and the number of
people required for each activity.
Activity Duration (days) Preceded by People required
A 3 2
B 2 1
C 1 A, B 3
D 5 B 2
E 4 B, C 1
F 5 D, E 2
Draw an activity network to represent these activities and their precedences. [2]
In addition to the precedences shown in the table, activity E must not start until at least 2 days after activity
B has finished.
(i) Determine the earliest and latest starting times for each activity, for completion of the project in the
minimum time. [4]
(ii) Identify the critical activities, and state the minimum time for completion of the project, assuming that
there are sufficient people available. [2]
(iii) Find the least number of people required for the project to be completed in the minimum time,
explaining your reasoning. [3]
(iv) By how many days must the project over-run if the least possible number of people are used? Justify
your answer. [2]
BLANK PAGE
BLANK PAGE
BLANK PAGE
This insert consists of 3 printed pages and 1 blank page.
Specimen Materials Mathematics OCR 2000
133
Candidate Name ___________________________________________
MATHEMATICS D2
INSERT
This insert contains a diagram for use in Question 6 (i) and a table for use in Question 6 (ii).
Write your name, Centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page and
attach it to your answers.
Centre Number
Candidate
Number
6 (i) Write your answer on this sheet and hand it in with your answer booklet.
6 (ii) Write your answer on this sheet and hand it in with your answer booklet.
Stage State Action Cost Current maximum
1 R
4
2 A
1 D
R
2
D
A
3
R
3
4 A
A
R 3
D
A
R 4
D
A
2
5
R
A
R
1
5
D
Best strategy is: ..............................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
Number of squares travelled: ...........................................................................................................
BLANK PAGE
MATHEMATICS D2
MARK SCHEME
MAXIMUM MARK 60
1 (i) Capacity of 80 150 is + C M1 For adding appropriate weights
i.e. 230 litres per minute A1 2 For correct answer
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii)
B1 1 For all the flows correct
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) The maximum flow is 230 litres per minute B1 For stating the correct maximum flow
Max flow is at least 230 from (ii) and min cut is
at most 230 from (i), and result follows from
max flow = min cut B1 2 For explanation using max flow = min cut
2
M1 For labels and appropriate connections
A1 2 For completely correct graph
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i)
B1 1 For correct incomplete matching
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii)
M1 Correct labelling procedure
Alternating path is BbkAmbDfb, and so a
maximal matching is (Annie, Money Box),
(Ben, Book), (Cathy, Teddy Bear),
(Daniel, Football), (Elvis, Drum) A1 2 Alternating path and maximal matching
3 (i) The row minima for A, B, C are 5 , 4 , 2
and the negatives of the column maxima for X,
Y, Z are 1 , 3 , 2 M1 For row minima and/or (neg) column maxima
Hence Richards play-safe strategy is A A1
Carols play-safe strategy is Z A1
Not stable, since 0 ) 1 ( ) 2 ( < + A1 4 Or equivalent demonstration of given result
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) Convert to positive values, e.g.
7 6 1
5 5 2
4 9 8
M1 For adding 6 to each entry
Maximise P subject to 1 + + c b a and
0 2 8 c b a P ,
0 6 5 9 c b a P , A1 For at least two correct constraints
0 7 5 4 c b a P . A1 For all four correct
a, b, c are the probabilities with which Richard
plays strategy A, B, C, and P represents the
value of the game. B1 4
4 Row reduction (or column reduction) gives: M1 For correct row (column) process
1 2 3 4
0 0 1 0
1 1 0 2
0 1 1 1
4th 3rd 2nd 1st
or
0 2 3 6
0 1 2 3
0 1 0 4
0 2 2 4
4th 3rd 2nd 1st
D
C
B
A
D
C
B
A
A1 For correct reduced matrix
Column reduction (or row reduction) now gives: M1 For correct subsequent column (row) process
0 1 2 3
0 0 1 0
1 1 0 2
0 1 1 1
4th 3rd 2nd 1st
or
0 1 3 3
0 0 2 0
0 0 0 1
0 1 2 1
4th 3rd 2nd 1st
D
C
B
A
D
C
B
A
A1 For correct reduced matrix
Matching is incomplete (3 lines will cover zeros) B1 May be implied
Augmenting the matrix (there are 2 possible results) M1 For correct augmentation process
0 0 1 2
1 0 1 0
2 1 0 2
0 0 0 0
4th 3rd 2nd 1st
or
0 0 2 2
1 0 2 0
1 0 0 1
0 0 1 0
4th 3rd 2nd 1st
D
C
B
A
D
C
B
A
A1 Their reduced matrix correctly augmented
Possible complete matchings are:
1A, 2B, 3C, 4D or 1C, 2B, 3A, 4D or 1C, 2B, 3D, 4A B1 8 For any one correct solution
5 Because mixture is dominated by new B1 1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i) For young expectation is : ) 1 ( 8 1 p p + M1 Correct calculation method for any one case
i.e. p 7 8 A1
For mixed: p p p 2 5 ) 1 ( 5 3 + A1
For older: p p p 5 3 ) 1 ( 3 8 + + A1 4
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii)
B2 For correct lines plotted/sketched
B1 For identification of optimal vertex
Optimum occurs where p p 5 3 2 5 + M1 For equating relevant expectations
i.e. where
7
2
p A1 5
6 (i)
M1 For showing costs appropriately
A1 For all Turn 1 and Turn 2 costs correct
A1 3 For all remaining costs correct
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii)
B1 Correct details for stage 4
M1 For method of updating costs
M1 For sub-optimization
A1 Correct details for stage 3
The best strategy is 1:Run, 2:Dodge, 3:Attack,
4:Attack A1
The number of squares is 18 A1 8
Stage State Action Cost
1 R 1
4
2 A 4 *
1 D 1 + 0 = 1
R 1 + 3 = 4
2
D 4 + 1 = 5
A 1 + 6 = 7
3
R 4 + 4 = 8
3
4 A 4 + 7 = 11 *
A 1 + 6 = 7
R 5 + 4 = 9 3
D 8 + 1 = 9
A 5 + 7 = 12
R 8 + 4 = 12 4
D 11 + 2 = 13 *
A 8 + 6 = 14
2
5
R 11 + 5 = 16
A 9 + 6 = 15
R 13 + 5 = 18 * 1 5
D 16 + 1 = 17
7
M1 For correct structure and labels (diagram may
alternatively be activity on arc)
A1 2 For all arrows correctly shown (start and
finish nodes may be omitted)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(i) Earliest starting times are: M1 Carrying out forward pass
8 4 2 3 0 0
F E D C B A
A1
Latest starting times are: M1 Carrying out reverse pass
8 4 3 3 0 0
F E D C B A
A1 4
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(ii) Critical events are A, B, C, E and F B1
Minimum completion time is 13 5 8 + days B1 2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii)
M1 For scheduling attempt, either diagrammatic
or otherwise
A1 For a correct schedule, or equivalent
Since C and D overlap, 5 people are needed A1 3
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iv)
Least number of people is 3 (for activity C) M1
One extra day is required A1 2 A correct schedule or argument is needed
BLANK PAGE
MARKING INSTRUCTIONS
1. Mark in red. Correct answers should be ticked, errors which determine marks should be indicated by
ringing or by a cross or by underlining, and omissions by . Do not cross out or obliterate any work. In
cases of particular difficulty, brief comments written on the script may be helpful should the script be
reviewed at a later stage. Each page of the script (including unused pages in an answer booklet) must have
some indication that it has been seen, e.g. a tick in the margin.
2. Marks are of the following three types.
M Method mark, awarded for a valid method applied to the problem. Method marks are not lost for
numerical errors, algebraic slips or errors in units. However, it is not usually sufficient for a candidate
just to indicate an intention of using some method or just to quote a formula; the formula or idea must
be applied to the specific problem in hand, e.g. by substituting the relevant quantities into the formula.
A Accuracy mark, awarded for a correct answer or intermediate step correctly obtained. Accuracy marks
cannot be given unless the associated Method mark is earned (or implied).
B Mark for a correct result or statement independent of Method marks.
The marks indicated in the scheme may not be subdivided. If there is genuine doubt whether a candidate
has earned a mark, allow the candidate the benefit of the doubt. Unless otherwise indicated, marks once
gained cannot subsequently be lost, e.g. wrong working following a correct form of answer is ignored.
3. When a part of a question has two or more method steps, the M marks are in principle independent unless
the scheme specifically says otherwise; and similarly where there are several B marks allocated. (The
notation dep * is used to indicate that a particular M or B mark is dependent on an earlier, asterisked,
mark in the scheme.) Of course, in practice it may happen that when a candidate has once gone wrong in a
part of a question, the work from there on is worthless so that no more marks can sensibly be given. On the
other hand, when two or more steps are run together by the candidate, the earlier marks are implied and full
credit must be given.
4. The symbol implies that the A or B mark indicated is allowed for work correctly following on from
previously incorrect results. Otherwise, A and B marks are given for correct work only differences in
notation are of course permitted. A and B marks are not given for correct answers or results obtained
from incorrect working. When A or B marks are awarded for work at an intermediate stage of a solution,
there may be various alternatives that are equally acceptable. In such cases, exactly what is acceptable will
be agreed at the standardisation meeting.
5. Wrong or missing units in an answer should not lead to the loss of a mark unless the scheme specifically
indicates otherwise. Candidates are expected to give numerical answers to an appropriate degree of
accuracy, with 3 significant figures being the norm. Small variations in the degree of accuracy to which an
answer is given (e.g. 2 or 4 significant figures where 3 is expected) should not be penalised, while answers
which are grossly over- or under-specified should result in the loss of a mark. The situation regarding any
particular cases where the accuracy of the answer may be a marking issue will be decided at the
standardisation meeting.
6. If work is deleted and replaced, mark the replacement. If work is deleted without replacement, mark the
deleted work provided that it is legible. When two solutions are offered (neither crossed out), count what
appears the more serious attempt or the more complete attempt at the question. If attempts are
indistinguishable in these respects, count the better.
7. For a genuine misreading (of numbers or symbols) which is such that the object and the difficulty of the
question remain unaltered, mark according to the scheme but following through from the candidates data.
(Note that a miscopy of the candidates own working is not a misread but an accuracy error.) All M marks
are available for a misread solution, and A or B marks are initially given, as per the scheme, but for
results as modified by the misread. At the end of each part of the question affected, deduct 0, 1 or 2
according as the number of misread A and B marks earned in that part is 0, 14 or >4. If the misread
makes the question easier, a further deduction of 1 or more marks may be made at your discretion; this
deduction can include M marks.
8. For a partially correct part of a question, exhibit the detailed marks, e.g. M1 A0, in the margin at the point
where the marks have been first earned. Please give sufficient detail to allow your marking to be
understood. For a completely correct part of a question, only the total mark for that part need be given, in
the margin. Do NOT use subtotals (underlined or otherwise). The question total should be ringed and
placed in the margin at the end of the question. This total MUST equal the sum of all the marks in the
margin for that question and should be entered against the question number in the question grid on the
front of the script. (N.B. Addendum to the booklet Instructions for Examiners: please use the left hand
margin of left hand pages.)
If a candidates answer is in two instalments, indicate the carried forward total at the end of the first part
by, for example, and the brought forward total at the start of the second instalment by, for example, .
The total mark for the paper should be obtained (a) by adding all the unringed marks through the script
(checking at the same time that all pages have been marked) and (b) by adding the question marks in the
grid in reverse order. The two totals must, of course, tally, and the resulting figure should be written,
ringed, on the front of the script.
9. The following abbreviations may be used in a mark scheme, or may be found useful for notating a script.
AEF Any Equivalent Form (of answer or result is equally acceptable).
AG Answer Given on the question paper (so extra care is needed in checking that the detailed working
leading to the result is valid).
BOD Benefit Of Doubt (allowed for work whose validity may not be absolutely plain).
CAO Correct Answer Only (emphasising that no follow through from a previous error is allowed).
ISW Ignore Subsequent Working.
MR Misread.
PA Premature Approximation (resulting in basically correct work that is numerically insufficiently
accurate).
SOS See Other Solution (the candidate makes a better attempt at the same question).
SR Special Ruling (detailing the mark to be given for a specific wrong solution, or a case where some
standard marking practice is to be varied in the light of a particular circumstance).
10. Remember that the mark scheme is designed to assist in marking incorrect solutions. Correct solutions get
full marks. Be alert for correct but unfamiliar or unexpected methods often signalled by a correct result
following an apparently incorrect method. Such work must be carefully assessed. On the other hand, work
must not be judged on the answer alone, and answers that are given in the question, especially, must be
validly obtained. Key steps in the working must always be looked at and anything unfamiliar must be
investigated thoroughly. If a method is not catered for in the scheme, mark at discretion, imitating the
scheme as closely as possible. If a number of candidates are involved, or you are not sure what to do,
telephone your Team Leader.
11. For papers in which graphic (and programmable) calculators are allowed, some answers may be obtained
with little or no working visible. Allow full marks for correct answers (provided, of course, that there is
nothing in the wording of the question specifying that analytical methods are required). Where an answer is
wrong but there is some evidence of method, allow appropriate method marks. Wrong answers with no
supporting method score zero. If in doubt, consult your Team Leader.
12. If in any case the scheme operates with considerable unfairness, mark at discretion but please give a brief
reason and initial the mark. This discretion should only be used very rarely.
13. If there is any suspicion of cheating or copying, mark according to the scheme and enter the marks on the
marksheet as usual. Send the script(s) to your Team Leader, as per OCR instructions. Notes concerning
illness etc should be sent to OCR with the marksheets. Scripts should be marked as per the scheme.
14. Examiners are reminded of the VITAL importance of checking the accuracy of the addition of marks and of
the transcriptions onto the marksheets; in particular that the marks are entered against the right candidates.
Do not assume that the scripts are in the same order as the names on the marksheet. As detailed in 8
above, each Examiner must check the paper total, obtaining the same figure twice by different methods.
The transcription to the marksheet should also be checked; ideally, the Checker should read out the
candidates name and mark from the marksheet, while the Examiner checks with the front of the script.
The Examiner has final responsibility for the accuracy of the mark recorded on the marksheet.
BLANK PAGE

Maths Questions

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Maths Questions

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Specimen Materials - Mathematics OCR 2000 1

OCR ADVANCED SUBSIDIARY GCE

B1 Follow their earlier indefinite integral

374 . 1 A1 4 For correct answer and sufficient iterations

15 cos in surd form. [2]

M1 Requires integration attempt

M1 Using correct formula

M1 Using correct limits

a a B1 3 Correct answer for a

, show that, for 1 n ,

+ x A1 Correct indefinite integral

n M1 Or other relevant scalar product

n M1 Or equivalent scalar product

M1 For sin formula, or other complete method

(downwards) M1 For use of gradient to find acceleration

a B1 For correct unsimplified expression for a

A1 4 For showing given result correctly

M1 For trajectory equation with 100 y ,

+ g v B1 For correct EE term

tan horizontal above Dir

Calculate ) E(X and ) ( Var X . [5]

X M1 For ratio of relevant

M1 For use of relevant

M1 May be implied if calculator routine used

x x x k M1 Equating to 1 and attempting to integrate

k k A1 Given answer correctly obtained

z M1 Standardising attempt using 80 /

B1 1 For correct answer; working not needed

s M1 For correct unsimplified expression for

t M1 Use of correct formula

M1 Use of criterion 5 <

A1 3 Given answer correctly shown

y y y y y Y M1 For correct integral

M1 For correct integration method

A1 3 Given answer correctly shown

X M1 For using correct variance formula

B1 2 Use of GP sum to deduce given answer

B1 1 For cube of answer (i), in any form

You might also like