Acid-base titration

Chemistry Lab Report

3/14/2012
Done by: Teacher:

Aim of the experiment:

to find the exact concentration of the solution to test for the end point

Apparatus:
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) sodium hydroxide ( NaOH ) 10 gm pipette filler burette water indicator : methyl orange conical flask Beaker Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

Calculations:
1 M NaOH / 250 ml solution M= (mass/RMM) / volume 1 = (mass/40) / 0.25 Mass= 1 * 40 * 0.25 = 10 gm of NaOH

Procedure
1) Prepare Sodium Hydroxide Solution ( 1M / 250 ml solution) by putting 10 gm of NaOH with water in a beaker.

2) We keep stirring the NaOH with the water until all the NaOH (solid) is melted and turns into a solution. 3) We pure the solution in the conical flask and keep on adding water to it till it reacher 250 ml. 4) We fill the burette with the NaOH (50 ml) 5) And we add 25 ml of Hydrochloric acid into a beaker through a pipette. 6) We add drops of methyl orange into the acid.

7) Add sodium hydroxide solution drop by drop into the solution. Keep on shaking the beaker
while the drops of NaOH are falling into the acid solution 8) Continue adding sodium hydroxide solution until the colour of the methyl orange changes from red to yellow. 9) Repeat the last step 3 times for the most accurate reading. 10) Note all readings and take the average.

Observation:
Methyl orange is used as an indicator and changes colour by only the last drop of NaOH. When it changes colour from red to orange/yellow , neutralization has occurred. The point that the indicator changes colour endpoint , it is the point in the titration at which the indicator changes colour. The mythel orange changes colours at:

1st time

2nd time

3rd time

Volume of HCl (ml) NaOH (ml) Reading of NaOH (ml)

25 250 46

25 250 46

25 250 43

We take the average result which is 46!

Conclusion:
Only one drop of NaoOH changes the colour of methyl orange. In each case it is different; first and second time the last drop after the 46 ml that were added of the NaOH, and the third, the last drop after the 42 ml that were added of the NaOH. The NaOH ( base) neutralized the HCl (acid) .