1 . A unit of program execution t h a t a c c e s s e s a n d p os s i b l y u p d at e s va r i ou s d a ta i t e m s i s cal l e d ( a) Tra n s a c t i on ( b ) C o n c u r re n c y ( c ) C r a s h R e c ove r y ( d ) C h e ck Po i nt i n g 2 . I f T 1 tr i e s t o re a d t h e val u e s of A ag a i n , i t w i l l ge t d i ff e r e nt re s u l t s e ve n t h o u gh i t h a s n ot m o d i fi e d A i n t h e m e a n t i m e . T h i s s i t u at i o n c o u l d n o t a ri s e i n s e r i al e x e c u t i on of two tra n s a c ti o n s ; i t i s c al l e d an ( a) U n r e p e a t ab l e w r i t e ( b ) R e p e a t ab l e re ad ( c ) U n r e p e a t abl e r e ad ( d ) R e p e a t ab l e w r i te 3 . A l l l o ck s h e l d by a t r an s a c t i o n a re r e l e a s e d w h e n t h e t r a n s ac ti o n i s ( a) Te r m i na t e d (b ) C o m p l e t e d ( c ) B l o cke d ( d ) S t op p e d 4 . I f t h e a c c e s s i s r e ad y o n l y t h e n th e f o l l ow i n g c o m m an d s a re n o t t o b e e x e c u te d ( a) U pd a t e ( b ) I n s e rt , De l e t e a n d U p d a t e ( c ) i n s e r t ( d ) D e l e t e 5 .

A f t e r c ra s h , w h i ch o f t h e f ol l ow i n g i s g i ve n c o nt ro l a n d mu s t b r i n g t h e d a t ab a s e t o a c on s i s t e n c e s ta t e ( a) C o n c u r re n c y c o ntr o l ( b ) Q u e r y an d e va l u at i o n p l a n s ( c ) Tra n s a c ti on c ont r ol ( d ) R e c ove r y m a n ge r 6 . A s ch e d u l e i s c o n fl i c t s e r i l i z a b l e i f i t i s t o s o m e s e ri l s ch e d u l e ( a) C o n fl i c t e q u i val e nt ( b ) V i e w e q u i va l e nt ( c ) V i e w s e r i l i z a b l e ( d ) C o n fl i c t s e ri l i z able 7 . I f we n e e d t o u p d a te t h e o b j e c t s we mu s t fi r s t u p g r ad e to a n ( a) E x c l u s i ve l o ck ( b ) E x ce p t i o n al l o ck ( c ) S h a re d l o ck ( d ) R e q u e s t l o ck 8 . I n B + + tr e e s e a r ch b e g i n s at t h e ( a) R o o t ( b ) L e a f ( c ) M i d d l e ( d ) S i b - l i n g 9 . A R I E S s ta n d s f or ( a) A l g or i t h m f o r r e n e wa l i s o l a ti o n e x p l o i t i n g S ym a nti c ( b ) A l gor i t h m f o r r e m ove i s ol a t i on e x p l oi t i n g S y m ant i c ( c ) A l g or i t h m f o r r e d u n d a nt i s ol a t i on e x p l oi t i n g S y m ant i c ( d ) A l g or i t h m f o r r e c ove r y i s ol a t i on e xp l o i t i n g S y ma nt i c 1 0. I n ad d i t i o n t o th e l o g, w h i ch o f t h e f ol l ow i n g t ab l e s c o nta i n i m p o r t ant r e c ove ry r e l a t e d i n f or m at i o n ( a) Tra n s a c t i on ta b l e & D a ta t a b l e ( b ) D i r ty p a g e t ab l e & I n d e x ta b l e ( c )Tra n s a c t i on ta b l e & Di r ty p a ge ta b l e ( d ) Tra n s a c t i on ta b l e & I n d e x t a b l e 1 1. i s th e fi r s t s t e p i n a n al y s i s p h as e o f A R I E S ( a) U n fi n i s h e d t ra n s a c t i on s ( b ) E x a m in i n g r e c e nt ch e ck p o i nt r e c o rd ( c ) fi n i s h e d t ra n s a c t i on s ( d ) I n i t i a l i z i n g d i rty p a ge t abl e 1 2. T h e u n i t of i n f o r m at i o n r e ad f r om or w r it t e n to d i s k i s c al l e d ( a) F i l e ( b ) Pa ge ( c ) S ec t o r ( d ) R e c o rd 1 3. T h e s y nta x o f d r o p p i n g an i nd e x i n S Q L i s ( a) D RO P < i n d e x - n a m e > ; ( b ) D RO P I NDE X < i n d e x - n a m e > ( c ) D RO P U N I QU E I N D E X < i n d e x - n a m e > ; ( d ) D RO P I N DE X < in d e x - n a m e > ; 1 4. W h i ch i n d e x d at a s t r u c t u r e i s u s e d to o r ga n i z e d at a e nt ri e s i n s or t e d or d e r by s e ar ch key val u e ( a) U n c l u s t e r e d I n d e x ( b ) H a s h b a s e d i n d e x i ng ( c ) Tre e b a s e d i n d e xi n g ( d ) Cl u s t e r edindex 1 5. T h e c o s t ( i n t e r m s of e x e c u t i o n t i m e ) of s c a n o p e r at i o n i n s or t e d fil e i s W h e r e B = T h e nu mb e r o f d a t e p a ge s w h e n r e c o r d s a r e p a cke d on t o pa g e s w i th n o was te d s p a c e R = T h e nu mb e r o f re c or d s p e r p a ge D = T h e ave ra g e t i m e to r e a d o r w r i t e e d i s k s p a c e C = T h e ave r ag e ti m e t o p ro c e s s e r e c o r d

( a) 1 . 5B (D + RC ) ( b ) ( D l o g 2 B + C l o g 2 R ) ( c ) S e a r ch c o s t+ B ( D + RC ) ( d ) B ( D + RC ) 1 6. A n i n d e x t h at c o nt ai n s on l y i n d e xa b l e at t r i b u te s i n t h e q u e r y i s c al l e d ( a) u n c l u s t er e d i n d e x ( b ) c l u s t e r e d i n d e x ( c ) a d m i s s i b l e i n d e x ( d ) u n i q u e I n d e x 1 7. I n m ag n e t i c d i s ks , a t ra ck i s d i v i d e d i nt o w h o s e s i z e i s a ch a ra c t e r s t i c of t h e d i s k an d c an n o t b e ch an g e . ( a) S e c t o r ( b ) D i s k b l o ck s ( c ) C y l i n d e r ( d ) Tra ck 1 8. W h i ch var i a b l e i n d i c a t e s w h e t h e r t h e p a g e h a s b e e n m o d i fi e d s i n c e it was b r ou g ht i nto t h e b u ff e r p o o l f r o m d i s k ( a) B u ff e r p o ol ( b ) D i r ty ( c ) P i n c ou nt ( d ) Fr a m e 1 9. T h e h e i g ht o f th e B + t r e e w i t h on l y l e af l e ve l a n d a s i n g l e i n d e x l e ve l i s ( a) 1 ( b ) 4 (c ) 2 ( d ) 3 2 0. W h i ch f u n c t i on i s a n i m p o r ta nt c o m p on e nt of th e h a s h i n g ap p r o ach ( a) M a p p i n g f u n c t i on ( b ) H a s h f u n c ti o n ( c ) C h a r ac t e r f u n c t i on ( d ) A g gr e g at e f u n c t i on ANS:A C B B D A A A D C B B D C D C A B A B 21 . W h i ch c om p o n e nt o f t h e da t ab a s e i s r e s p on s i b l e f o r h a n d l i n g c on c u rr e n c y c ont r ol s ch e m e s ( a) Tra n s a c t i on m an a ge m e nt ( b ) S e r i a l i z ab i l i ty ( c ) C o n c u r re n c y C o ntr o l M a n ag e m e nt ( d ) R e c ove r y M a n ge r 22 . T h e f o l low i n g s ch e d u l e s c o m e u n d e r w h i ch ty p e T 1 T 2 R (A ) W ( A ) R (A ) W ( A ) R (B ) W ( B ) R (B ) W ( B ) C o m m i t C o m m i t ( a) R e c ove r ab l e s ch e d u l e ( b ) U n r e c ove r a b l e s ch e d u l e ( c ) R e c ove r ab l e t r an s a c t i o n ( d ) S e r i a l i z ab l e s ch e d u l e 23 . I f t r an s a c t i o n T 1 s e t s a n e x c l u s i ve l o ck o n o b j e c t A , T 2 s e t s a n e x c l u s i ve l o ck o n B . N ow T 1 r e q u e s t s f o r e x c l u s i ve l o ck o n B an d T 2 r e q u e s t s e x c l u s i ve l o ck o n A t h e n th i s s i t u a ti o n c an re s u l t i n ( a) S h a ri n g ( b ) Tra n s a c t i on M an a g e m e nt ( c ) D e a d l o ck ( d ) H i d i ng 24 . Wr i g hti n g a p a ge t o d i s k i s an a c t i on i n at o m i c w ri t e s ( a) R e ad ( b ) At om i c ( c ) R e d u n d an c y ( d ) D u p l i c a te 25 . W h o c a n t a ke s e ve r al s t e p s t o t u n e re c ove r y s u b s y s t e m s ( a) S y s t e m A n a l y s t ( b ) C l ie nt ( c ) D B A ( d ) A p p l i c a t i on p r o gr a m m e r 26 . A s ch e d u l e S i s c on fl i c t s e r i al i z a b l e th e n p r e c e d e n c e g ra p h i s ( a) C y c l i c ( b ) R e c t an g l e ( c ) S q u ar e d ( d ) A c y c l i c 27 . I f we n e e d t o u p d a te t h e o b j e c t s we mu s t fi r s t u p g r ad e to a n ( a) S h a re d l o ck ( b ) E x c e p t i o n al l o ck ( c ) R e q u e s t l o ck ( d ) E x c l u s i ve l o ck 28 . S I X l o ck s t an d s f o r ( a) S h a re d I nt e n s i ve E x c l u s i ve ( b ) S u b l o ck ( c ) S h a re d E x c l u s i ve l o ck ( d ) Wr i t e l o ck 29 . T h e p h as e s i n A RI E S a r e ( a) A n a l ys i s , u n d o e x i t s ( b ) A n a l ys i s , u n d o , r e d o ( c ) A n a l ys i s , u n d o ( d ) A n a l ys i s , r e d o e x i t s 3 0. L S N o f t h e fir s t l og r e c o r d t h at c au s e d t h e p a ge t o b e c o m e d i r ty w i l l b e m ai nt ai n e d u n d e r t h e fi e l d i n d i r ty p a ge t ab l e ( a) r e c L S N ( b ) u n d o n e xt LS N ( c ) l a s t LS N ( d ) p r e v L S N 31. i s u s e d t o d e n o t e u n s ave d t r an s a c t i on as ( a) C r a s h t a b l e ( b ) R e c ove r y t ab l e ( c ) D i r ty t a b l e ( d ) D at a t a b l e 3 2. W h i ch i s t h e m o s t i m p o r t ant e x t e r n al s t or a ge d e v i c e ( a) D i s k ( b ) F l a s h M e m or y ( c ) C a ch e ( d ) M a i n M e m or y 3 3. A n i n d e x t h a t u s e s a l t e r n at i ve s o f d at a e nt r y i e ; < k , ri d > , < k , ri d l i s t p a i r w h e r e r i d i s re c or d i d o f a d at a r e c o rd w i t h s e ar ch ke y val u e K an d ri d l i s t i s a l i s t of r e c o rd i d s o f ar e sor t e d o n ke y fi e l d K i s i n d e x i n g ( a) C l u s t e r e d ( b ) D e n s e ( c ) S p a rs e ( d ) U n c l u s t e r e d 34. W h i ch i n d e x d at a s t r u c t u r e i s u s e d to o r ga n i z e d at a e nt ri e s i n s or t e d or d e r by s e ar ch key val u e ( a) Tre e b a s e d i n d e xi n g ( b ) C l u s t e r e d i n d e x ( c ) H a s h b a s e d i n d e x i ng ( d ) U n c lusteredIndex 3 5. T h e c o s t ( i n t e r m s of e x e c u t i o n t i m e ) of s e a r ch w i t h e q u a l i ty s e l e c t i o n i n h e ap fi l e is W h e r e B = T h e nu mb e r o f d a t a p ag e s w h e n r e c or d s ar e p a cke d o n t o p ag e s w i t h n o wa s t e d s p ac e R = T h e nu mb e r o f re c or d s p e r p a ge D = T h e ave ra g e t i m e to r e a d o r w r i t e a d i s k p ag eC = T h e ave r ag e ti m e t o p ro c e s s a r e c or d ( a) C + D ( b ) 0 . 5 B ( D+ RC ) ( c ) 2 D+ C ( d ) B ( D + RC)

3 6. A n i n d e x t h at c o nt ai n s on l y i n d e xa b l e at t r i b u te s i n t h e q u e r y i s c al l e d ( a) a d m i s s i b le i n d e x ( b ) u n c l u s t e r e d i n d e x ( c ) u n i q u e I n d e x ( d ) c l u s t e r e d i n d e x 3 7. W h i ch l e ve l i m p rove s ove r a l l s y s t e m p e r f o rm a n c e at th e l owe s t c o s t , b u t w i t h r e l i a b il i ty p r ob l e m ( a) R ai d l e ve l 1 ( b ) R ai d l e ve l 3 ( c ) R ai d l e ve l 2 ( d ) R ai d l e ve l 0 38. A d a t ab a s e gr ow s a n d s h r i n k s as r e c o rd s a re ( a) D e l e t e d ( b ) I n s e rt e d & d e l e t e d ove rt i m e ( c ) I n s e rt e d ( d ) I n s e rt e d & u p d at e d ove r t i m e 3 9. T h e m e a s u r e o f t h e c ap a c i ty of a t r e e n o d e i n B + t r e e i s ( a) O rd e r of t h e t r e e ( b ) O u td e gr e e of a n o d e ( c ) H e i g ht of t h e t r e e ( d ) I n d e g r e e of a n o d e 4 0. W h i ch f u n c t i on i s a n i m p o r ta nt c o m p on e nt of th e h a s h i n g ap p r o ach ( a) C h a r ac t e r f u n c t i on ( b ) H a s h f u n c ti o n ( c ) M a p p i n g f u n c t i on ( d ) A g gr e g at e f u n c t i on ANS:C D C B C D D A B A C A A A B A D B A B 41 . A t r a n s ac ti o n t h a t m ay n o t a l way s c om p l e t e i t s e x e c u t i o n s u c c e s s f u l l y i s c al l e d ( a)A b o r te d ( b ) Fa i l ( c ) Te r m i na t e d ( d ) C o m m i tt e d 42 . I n s e ri a l e x e c u t i o n a s h or t t ra n s a c t i on c ou l d g e t s t r u ck b e h i n d a l o n g tr a n s a c t i on l ea d i n g to , u n p r e d i c t a b l e d e l ays i n ( a) D e l ay ti m e ( b ) S y s t e m T h r o u gh p u t ( c ) P r o c e s s e x e c u t i o n t i m e ( d ) R e s p o n s e ti m e 43 . B y i s u s i n g p r ot o c o l s e r i a l i nt e r l e av i n g i s n ot a l l owe d ( a) Pe e r to Pe e r ( b ) H T T P ( c )UDP(d)Strict2PL 44 . A t ra n s a c t i on r e t r i e ve s a c o l l e c t i o n o f o b j e c ts tw i c e a n d s e e s d i ff e re nt r e s u l t s e ve n t h ou g h i t d o e s n o t m o d i f y any of t h e s e t u p l e s i t s e l f c a l l e d ( a) H i d i n g p r ob l e m ( b ) P h a nto m p r o b l e m ( c ) C h a i n i n g p ro b l e m ( d ) L o cki n g p r o b l e m 45 . W h o c a n t a ke s e ve r al s t e p s t o t u n e re c ove r y s u b s y s t e m s ( a) D B A ( b ) A p p l i c a t i on p r o gr a m m e r ( c ) S y s t e m A n a l y s t ( d ) C l i e nt 46 . I f a t ra n s a c t i on h o l d i n g h e av i l y u s e d l o cks i s b e i n g s u s p e n d e d by a n O S t h e n e ve ry o th e r t r a n s ac ti o n s n e e ds th e l o ck i s qu e u e d , s u ch qu e u e s a r e c al l e d as ( a) D e a d l o ck s ( b ) Atom i c i ty ( c ) C o nvoys ( d ) L at ch e s 47 . A var i a nt of 2 P L c a l l e d w h i ch c an al s o p r e ve nt d e a d l o ck ( a) C o n s e r va t i ve 2 P L ( b ) S t r i c t l o ck ( c ) S t r i c t 2 P L ( d ) U n - c on s e rvat i ve 2 P L 48 . T h e f o l l ow i n g s ch e d u l e c o m e s un d e r w h i ch ty p e T 1 T 2 R (A ) C o m m i t W ( A ) C o m m i t ( a) V i e w e q u i va l e nt ( b ) C o n fl i c t e q u i va l e nt ( c ) V i e w S e r i l i z ab l e ( d ) C o n fl i c t S e r ilizable 4 9 . A ny ch an g e s to a d at a b as e ob j e c t i s fi r s t r e c or d e d i n t h e l og ; th e r e c or d i n th e l og mu s t be w ri t t e n t o s t a b l e s t or a ge b e f or e th e ch an g e to t h e d at a b as e o b j e c t i s w ri t t e nt o d i s k i s c all e d ( a) L og g i n g ( b ) L o cki n g ( c ) R e ad ah e ad l o g gi n g ( d ) Wr i t e ah e a d l o gg i n g 5 0. W h i ch l o g r e c o rd c o nt a i n s j u s t t h e b e f or e i m a ge fi l e d ( a) a l l l o g re c or d s ( b ) r e d o o n l y u p d a t e l og r e c o rd ( c ) u p d a t e l o g re c or d ( d ) u n d o o n l yu p d at e l o gr e c o r d 5 1. T h e m os t r e c e nt ch e ck p oi nt wa s t a ke n at th e o f t h e e xe c u t i on w i t h a n e m p ty t ra n s a c t i on t ab l e an d d i rty p a ge t ab l e ( a) C e nt r e ( b ) B e gi n n i n g ( c ) E n d ( d ) M i d d l e 5 2. W h i ch i s t h e m o s t i m p o r t ant e x t e r n al s t or a ge d e v i c e ( a) M a i n M e m or y ( b ) D i s k ( c ) F l a s h M e m or y ( d ) C a ch e 53. A n i n d e x on a s e t o f fi e l d s t h a t i n c l u d e s th e p r i m ar y ke y i s c a l l e d ( a) S e c o n d a ry i n d e x ( b ) P r i m a ry i nd e x ( c ) U n c l u s t e r e d i n d e x ( d ) C l u s t e r e d i n d e x 5 4. W h i ch f u n c t i on i s a p p l i e d t o d e t e r m i n e t h e B u cke t t o w h i ch a r e c o r d b e l on g s ( a) M a p p i n g f u n c t i on ( b ) G r o u p f u n c t i o n ( c ) H a s h f u n c ti o n ( d ) R e c o rd i d 55. T h e c o s t ( i n t e r m s of e x e c u t i o n t i m e ) of s e a r ch w i t h r a n ge s e l e c ti o n i n h e ap fi l e i s W h e r e B = T h e nu mb e r o f d a t a p ag e s w h e n r e c or d s ar e p a cke d o n t o p ag e s w i t h n o wa s t e d s pac e R = T h e nu mb e r o f re c or d s p e r p a ge D = T h e ave ra g e t i m e to r e a d o r w r i t e a d i s k p ag e C =T h e ave r ag e ti m e t o p ro c e s s a r e c or d ( a) C + D ( b ) 0 . 5 B ( D+ RC ) ( c ) B ( D + RC ) ( d ) 2 D+ C 5 6. I f t h e s e ar ch ke y i s c o m p os i t , t h e q u e r y i n w h i ch e a ch fi e l d i n t h e s e ar ch ke y i s b o u n d to a c o n s t ant i s c a l l e d ( a) l o gi c a l q u e r y ( b ) i n e q u a l i ty q u e r y ( c ) e q u a l i ty q u e r y ( d ) r an g e qu e r y

57. I f D at a i s s t or e d on m ag n e t i c d i s k i n u n i t s c a l l e d ( a) t r ack s ( b ) c y l i n d e r ( c ) p l a tt e r s ( d ) d i s k b l o ck s 5 8. W h i ch l aye r i n D B M S ar ch i t e c t u r e h i d e t h e d e ta i l s of t h e u n d e r l y i n g h ar d wa r e ( an d po s s i b l y t h e OS ) a n d a l l ow s h i g h e r l e ve l s o f s of twa r e t o t h i n k of t h e d a t a as a c o l l e c t i on ofp a ge s ( a) C o n c u r r e n c y c o ntr o l ( b ) D i s k s p a c e m an a ge r ( c ) B u ff e r m a na g e r ( d ) R e c ove r y m a n ag e r 59. I n B+ Tre e , t h e nu mb e r of p oi nt e r s to ch i l d r e n w i t h m i n d e x e ntr i e s o f n o n l e a f n o d e ar e ( a) m - 1 ( b ) 2 m ( c ) m + 1 ( d ) m 6 0. W h i ch i n d e x te ch n i qu e c a n n o t s u p p o r t r an g e s e ar ch e s ( a) U n c l u s t e r e d i n d e x i n g ( b ) Tre e b a s e d i n d e xi n g ( c ) C l u s t e r e d i n d e x i n g ( d ) H a s h b a s e d i n d e x i ng ANS:A D D B A C A D D D B B B C C C D B C D 61 . A t r a n s ac ti o n t h a t m ay n o t a l way s c om p l e t e i t s e x e c u t i o n s u c c e s s f u l l y i s c al l e d ( a)A b o r te d ( b ) Fa i l ( c ) Te r m i na t e d ( d ) C o m m i tt e d 62 . I n s e ri a l e x e c u t i o n a s h or t t ra n s a c t i on c ou l d g e t s t r u ck b e h i n d a l o n g tr a n s a c t i on l ea d i n g to , u n p r e d i c t a b l e d e l ays i n ( a) D e l ay ti m e ( b ) S y s t e m T h r o u gh p u t ( c ) P r o c e s s e x e c u t i o n t i m e ( d ) R e s p o n s e ti m e 63 . B y i s u s i n g p r ot o c o l s e r i a l i nt e r l e av i n g i s n ot a l l owe d ( a) Pe e r to Pe e r ( b ) H T T P ( c ) UDP(d)Strict2PL 64 . A t ra n s a c t i on r e t r i e ve s a c o l l e c t i o n o f o b j e c ts tw i c e a n d s e e s d i ff e re nt r e s u l t s e ve nt h ou g h i t d o e s n o t m o d i f y any of t h e s e t u p l e s i t s e l f c a l l e d ( a) H i d i n g p r ob l e m ( b ) P h a nto m p r o b l e m ( c ) C h a i n i n g p ro b l e m ( d ) L o cki n g p r o b l e m 65 . W h o c a n t a ke s e ve r al s t e p s t o t u n e re c ove r y s u b s y s t e m s ( a) D B A ( b ) A p p l i c a t i on p r o gr a m m e r ( c ) S y s t e m A n a l y s t ( d ) C l i e nt 66 . I f a t ra n s a c t i on h o l d i n g h e av i l y u s e d l o cks i s b e i n g s u s p e n d e d by a n O S t h e n e ve ry o th e r t r a n s ac ti o n s n e e ds th e l o ck i s qu e u e d , s u ch qu e u e s a r e c al l e d as ( a) D e a d l o ck s ( b ) Atom i c i ty ( c ) C o nvoys ( d ) L at ch e s 67 . A var i a nt of 2 P L c a l l e d w h i ch c an al s o p r e ve nt d e a d l o ck ( a) C o n s e r va t i ve 2 P L ( b ) S t r i c t l o ck ( c ) S t r i c t 2 P L ( d ) U n - c on s e rvat i ve 2 P L 68 . T h e f o l l ow i n g s ch e d u l e c o m e s un d e r w h i ch ty p e T 1 T 2 R (A ) C o m m i t W ( A ) C o m m i t ( a) V i e w e q u i va l e nt ( b ) C o n fl i c t e q u i va l e nt ( c ) V i e w S e r i l i z ab l e ( d ) C o n fl i c t S e r ilizable 69 . A ny ch an g e s to a d at a b as e ob j e c t i s fi r s t r e c or d e d i n t h e l og ; th e r e c or d i n th e l og mu s t b ew ri t t e n t o s t a b l e s t or a ge b e f or e th e ch an g e to t h e d at a b as e o b j e c t i s w ri t t e nt o d i s k i s c al le d ( a) L og g i n g ( b ) L o cki n g ( c ) R e ad ah e ad l o g gi n g ( d ) Wr i t e ah e a d l o gg i n g 7 0. W h i ch l o g r e c o rd c o nt a i n s j u s t t h e b e f or e i m a ge fi l e d ( a) a l l l o g re c or d s ( b ) r e d o o n l y u p d a t e l og r e c o rd ( c ) u p d a t e l o g re c or d ( d ) u n d o o n l yu p d at e l o gr e c o r d 7 1. T h e m os t r e c e nt ch e ck p oi nt wa s t a ke n at th e o f t h e e xe c u t i on w i t h a n e m p ty t ra n s a c t i on t ab l e an d d i rty p a ge t ab l e ( a) C e nt r e ( b ) B e gi n n i n g ( c ) E n d ( d ) M i d d l e 7 2. W h i ch i s t h e m o s t i m p o r t ant e x t e r n al s t or a ge d e v i c e ( a) M a i n M e m or y ( b ) D i s k ( c ) F l a s h M e m or y ( d ) C a ch e 7 3. A n i n d e x on a s e t o f fi e l d s t h a t i n c l u d e s th e p r i m ar y ke y i s c a l l e d ( a) S e c o n d a ry i n d e x ( b ) P r i m a ry i nd e x ( c ) U n c l u s t e r e d i n d e x ( d ) C l u s t e r e d i n d e x 74. W h i ch f u n c t i on i s a p p l i e d t o d e t e r m i n e t h e B u cke t t o w h i ch a r e c o r d b e l on g s ( a) M a p p i n g f u n c t i on ( b ) G r o u p f u n c t i o n ( c ) H a s h f u n c ti o n ( d ) R e c o rd i d 7 5. T h e c o s t ( i n t e r m s of e x e c u t i o n t i m e ) of s e a r ch w i t h r a n ge s e l e c ti o n i n h e ap fi l e i s Wh e r e B = T h e nu mb e r o f d a t a p ag e s w h e n r e c or d s ar e p a cke d o n t o p ag e s w i t h n o wa s t e d s pac e R = T h e nu mb e r o f re c or d s p e r p a ge D = T h e ave ra g e t i m e to r e a d o r w r i t e a d i s k p ag e C =T h e ave r ag e ti m e t o p ro c e s s a r e c or d ( a) C + D ( b ) 0 . 5 B ( D+ RC ) ( c ) B ( D + RC ) ( d ) 2 D+ C 7 6. I f t h e s e ar ch ke y i s c o m p os i t , t h e q u e r y i n w h i ch e a ch fi e l d i n t h e s e ar ch ke y i s b o u n d to a c o n s t ant i s c a l l e d ( a) l o gi c a l q u e r y ( b ) i n e q u a l i ty q u e r y ( c ) e q u a l i ty q u e r y ( d ) r an g e qu e r y 77. I f D at a i s s t or e d on m ag n e t i c d i s k i n u n i t s c a l l e d ( a) t r ack s ( b ) c y l i n d e r ( c ) p l a tt e r s ( d ) d i s k b l o ck s 7 8. W h i ch l aye r i n D B M S ar ch i t e c t u r e h i d e t h e d e ta i l s of t h e u n d e r l y i n g h ar d wa r e ( an d

po s s i b l y t h e OS ) a n d a l l ow s h i g h e r l e ve l s o f s of twa r e t o t h i n k of t h e d a t a as a c o l l e c t i on ofp a ge s ( a) C o n c u r r e n c y c o ntr o l ( b ) D i s k s p a c e m an a ge r ( c ) B u ff e r m a na g e r ( d ) R e c ove r y m a n ag e r 7 9. I n B+ Tre e , t h e nu mb e r of p oi nt e r s to ch i l d r e n w i t h m i n d e x e ntr i e s o f n o n l e a f n o d e ar e( a) m - 1 ( b ) 2 m ( c ) m + 1 ( d ) m 8 0. W h i ch i n d e x te ch n i qu e c a n n o t s u p p o r t r an g e s e ar ch e s ( a) U n c l u s t e r e d i n d e x i n g ( b ) Tre e b a s e d i n d e xi n g ( c ) C l u s t e r e d i n d e x i n g ( d ) H a s h b a s e d i n d e x i ng ANS:A D D B A C A D D D B B B C C C D B C D 81 . W h i ch op e ra t i on t r an s f e r s t h e d a ta i te m f r o m t h e l o c a l b u ff e r o f t h e t r an s a c t i o n t h a te x e c u t e d t h e w r i te b a ck t o t h e d a t ab a s e ( a) R e ad ( b ) Wr i t e ( c ) C o n s i s t e n c y ( d ) D u r ab i l i ty 82 . R e ad i n g u n c o m m i t t e d d a ta c om e s u n d e r ( a) r r c o n fl i c t ( b ) w r c on fl i c t ( c ) w w c o nfl i c t ( d ) r w c on fl i c t 83 . T h e l o cki n g p r o to c o l a l l ow s o n l y i nt e r l e av i n g of t r an s a c t i o n ( a) M e m o r y ( b ) S a f e ( c ) U n s a f e ( d ) R e gi s te r 84 . Wr i g hti n g a p a ge t o d i s k i s an a c t i on i n at o m i c w ri t e s ( a) R e ad ( b ) R e d u n d an c y ( c ) At om i c ( d ) D u p l i c a te 85 . A f t e r c ra s h , w h i ch o f t h e f ol l ow i n g i s g i ve n c o nt ro l a n d mu s t b r i n g t h e d a t ab a s e t o a con s i s t e n c e s ta t e ( a) Tra n s a c t i on c ont r ol ( b ) Q u e r y an d e va l u at i o n p l a n s ( c ) R e c ove r y m a n ge r ( d ) C o n c u r re n c y c o ntr o l 86 . S t r i c t s ch e d u l e i s ( a) U n s ch e d u l e d ( b ) N o n R e c ove r a bl e ( c ) R e c ove r a bl e a n d N o n R e c ove r a bl e ( d ) R e c ove r a bl e 8 7 . C o n c u r r e n c y c a n b e i n c r e a s e d by i nt r o d u c i n g n e w k i n d of l o ck i s c a l l e d ( a) E x c l u s i ve l o ck ( b ) U p d a t e l o ck ( c ) S h a re d l o ck ( d ) Wr i t e l o ck 88 . A c c o r d i n g t o T h om a s w ri t e r u l e ( a) T S ( T ) = W T S (0 ) ( b ) T S ( T ) < W T S ( 0 ) ( c ) T S ( T ) > W T S ( 0 ) ( d ) T S ( T ) ! =W T S (0 ) 89 . A R I E S s ta n d s f or ( a) A l g or i t h m f o r r e m ove i s ol a t i on e x p l oi t i n g S y m ant i c ( b ) A l g or i t h m f o r r e n e wa l i s o l a ti o n e x p l o i t i n g S ym a nti c ( c ) A l g or i t h m f o r r e d u n d a nt i s ol a t i on e x p l oi t i n g S y m ant i c ( d ) A l g or i t h m f o r r e c ove r y i s ol a t i on e xp l o i t i n g S y ma nt i c 9 0. T h e fi e l d s c om m o n t o a l l l o g r e c or d s ar e ( a) p r e v L S N , p a ge I D, l e n gt h ( b ) t r an s I D, ty p e , p a ge I D ( c ) p r e v L S N , t r an s I D, ty p e ( d ) p a ge I D, l e n g th , off s e t 9 1. i s th e fi r s t s t e p i n a n al y s i s p h as e o f A R I E S ( a) U n fi n i s h e d t ra n s a c t i on s ( b ) E x a m i n i n g r e c e nt ch e ck p o i nt r e c o rd ( c ) I n i t i a l i z i n g d i rty p a ge t ab l e ( d ) fi n i s h e d t ra n s a c t i on s 9 2. E a ch r e c o r d i n a fi l e i s i d e nti fi e d by ( a) Pa ge i d ( b ) B u cke t ( c ) R e c o rd i d ( d ) H a s h Fu n c t i on 93. T h e s y nta x o f d r o p p i n g an i nd e x i n S Q L i s ( a) D RO P < i n d e x - n a m e > ; ( b ) D RO P U N I QU E I N D E X < i n d e x - n a m e > ; ( c ) D RO P I N DE X < i n d e x - n a m e > ( d ) D RO P I N DE X < i n dex-name>; 9 4. I n B + t r e e s , al l l e af p ag e s ar e m ai nt ai n e d i n ( a) D ou b l y Li n ke d l i s t ( b ) L i n ke d l i s t ( c ) S t ack ( d ) A r r ay s 9 5. W h i ch fi l e o rg an i z at i o n a l l ow s u s t o r e a d r e c o r d s t h a t wou l d s at i s f y t h e j o i n c o n d i t I on by u s i n g on e b l o ck r e a d ( a) H a s h fi l e or g an i z a t i on ( b ) H e a p fi l e or g an i z a t i on ( c ) S e q u e nt i al fi l e o r ga n i z a ti o n ( d ) M u l t i t a b l e c l u s te ri n g fi l e o rg a ni z at i o n 9 6. T h e p r e s e n c e of s u i t a b l e i n d e x e s c a n s i g n i fi c a nt l y i m p r ove ( a) t u n i n g t he c o n c e p t u a l s ch e m e ( b ) T h e i n d e x s e l e c t i on ( c ) c o fi gu a r at i o n e nu m e r a ti o n ( d ) e val u a t i on p l a n f or a q u e r y 9 7. I n d at a s t r i p i n g, t h e d a t a i s s e gm e nt e d i nt o e q u a l s i z e p a r ti t i o n s d i s tr i b u t e d ove r mu l ti p l e d i s k s . T h e s i z e o f th e p a rt i t i o n i s c al l e d ( a) S t r i p i n g u n i t ( b ) B l o ck ( c ) C y l i nder(d)Sector 98. W h i ch l aye r i n D B M S ar ch i t e c t u r e h i d e t h e d e ta i l s of t h e u n d e r l y i n g h ar d wa r e ( an d p o s s i b l y t h e OS ) a n d a l l ow s h i g h e r l e ve l s o f s of twa r e t o t h i n k of t h e d a t a as a c o l l e c t i on

of p a ge s ( a) C o n c u r r e n c y c o ntr o l ( b ) B u ff e r m a na g e r ( c ) R e c ove r y m a n ag e r ( d ) D i s k s p a c e m an a ge r 9 9. T h e h e i g ht o f th e B + t r e e w i t h on l y l e af l e ve l a n d a s i n g l e i n d e x l e ve l i s ( a) 3 ( b ) 1 ( c)2(d)4 100. W h i ch s ch e m e u s e s a c l e ve r p ol i c y f o r c r e at i n g n e w b u cke ts a n d s u p p o r t s I n s e r ts & D e l e t e s e ffi c i e nt l y w i t h ou t th e u s e of a d i r e c t or y ( a) S t at i c H as h i n g ( b ) E x t e n d a b l e H a s h i n g ( c ) L i n e a r H as h i n g ( d ) I n d e x i n g ANS: B B B C C D B B D C B C D A D D A DB C 101 . A u n i t of p ro g ra m e xe c u t i on t h a t a c c e s s e s a n d p os s i b l y u p d at e s va r i ou s d a ta i t e m s is c al l e d ( a) C o n c u r re n c y ( b ) C h e ck Po i nt i n g ( c ) C r a s h R e c ove r y ( d ) Tra n s a c t i on 102 . I n a s ch e d u l e t ra n s a c t i on s c o m m i t o nl y af t e r al l tr a n s a c ti o n s w h os e ch a n ge s t h e y r ea d c o m m i t ( a) U n r e c ove r a b l e ( b ) Fo r war d ( c ) E x e c u t i o n T i m e ( d ) R e c ove r ab l e 103 . A l l l o ck s h e l d by a t r an s a c t i o n a re r e l e a s e d w h e n t h e t r a n s ac ti o n i s ( a) Te r m i na t e d( b ) S t op p e d ( c ) B l o cke d ( d ) C o m p l e t e d 104 . S Q L S t an d s f or ( a) S e q u e nt i al Qu e r y L a n gu a ge ( b ) S t r u c t ur e d Qu e ry La n g ua g e ( c ) S u b Q u e r y L an g u a ge ( d ) S e r i a l Qu e ry La n g u ag e 105 . W h i ch a l g or i t h m i s d e s i g n e d t o wor k w i th a s t e a l n o f o rc e a p p r oa ch ( a) L i n e a r s e a r ch al g o ri t h m ( b ) B i n a r y s e a r ch a l go r i th m ( c ) Fu z z y ch e ck p o i nt ( d ) A r i e s 106 . A s ch e d u l e S i s c on fl i c t s e r i al i z a b l e th e n p r e c e d e n c e g ra p h i s ( a) S q u ar e d ( b ) A c y c l i c ( c ) C y c l i c ( d ) R e c t an g l e 107 . T wo t r an s a c t i o n s t h a t h ol d a s h ar e d l o ck o n a n o b j e c t b o th r e qu e s t a n d u p gr a d e t o a n e x c l u s i ve l o ck . T h i s l e ad s t o ( a) E x c l u s i ve l o ck ( b ) D e a d l o ck ( c ) E x c e p t i o n al l o ck ( d ) S h a re d l o ck 108 . A c c o r d i n g t o T h om a s w ri t e r u l e ( a) T S ( T ) < W T S ( 0 ) ( b ) T S ( T ) ! =W T S (0 ) ( c ) T S ( T ) > W T S ( 0 ) ( d ) T S ( T ) = W T S (0 ) 109 . T h e m os t r e c e nt p o r ti o n o f th e l og i s c a l l e d ( a) L og r e c e nt ( b ) L og o u t ( c ) L og h e ad ( d ) L og t a i l 11 0. W h i ch o f t h e f o l l ow i n g fi e l d s th a t an u p d at e l o g re c or d c o nt ai n s t h a t c an b e u s e d to r e d o th e ch an g e s a n d u n d o i t ( a) l e n g t h , off s e t ( b ) l e n g t h , b e f or e i m a ge ( c ) l e n g t h , a f t er i m a ge ( d ) b e f or e i m a ge , a f t e r i m a ge 111. A l o g r e c o r d i s s c a nn e d i n d i r e c t i on ( a) Fo r war d an d B ack wa r d ( b ) Fo r war d ( c ) M i d d l e ( d ) B a ck war d 112. A d a t a s t r u c t u re t h at o r ga n i z e s d a ta r e c o r d s o n d i s k t o op t i m i z e c e r t ai n k i n d s of r et r i e va l o p e r at i o n s i s c a l l e d ( a) A r r ay ( b ) G r a p h ( c ) Tre e ( d ) I n d e x 113. A l t e r n at i ve ( 1 ) f o r w h a t t o s t or e a s of a d at a e nt r y i n a n i n d e x i s ( a) A d at a e nt r y i s a < k , r i d - l i s t > p a i r, w h e r e r i d - l i s t i s a l i s t o f r e c o rd i d s of d at a r e c or d s w i t h s e ar ch ke y val ue k . ( b ) A d a t a e nt ry i s a < k , r i d > p a i r, w h e r e r i d i s t h e re c or d i d of a d a ta r e c o r d w i t h s e arch ke y va l u e k . ( c ) A d a t a e nt ry k * i s an ac tu a l d a t a re c or d ( w i t h s e a r ch ke y val u e k) ( d ) A s ear ch ke y val u e . 114. I f e ve ry n o n l e a f n o d e of a t r e e b as e d d at a s t r u c t u re h as n ch i l d r e n , t h e n t h e nu mb e r o f l e af pa g e s o f a t r e e o f h e i g ht h a r e . ( a) n h ( b ) n ( h -2 ) ( c ) n h ( d ) 1 / n h 115. W h i ch fi l e o rg an i z at i o n a l l ow s u s t o r e a d r e c o r d s t h a t wou l d s at i s f y t h e j o i n c o n d i t i on by u s i n g on e b l o ck r e a d ( a) M u l t i t a b l e c l u s te ri n g fi l e o rg a ni z at i o n ( b ) H e a p fi l e or g an i z a t i on ( c ) H a s h fi l e or g an i z a t i on ( d ) S e q u e nt i al fi l e o r ga n i z a ti o n 116. W h i ch ke y i n d e x c an s u p p o r t a b ro a d e r r an g e of qu e ri e s b e c au s e i t m a t ch e s m o r e s e l ec t i o n c o n d i ti o n s ( a) f o r e i gn ke y i n d e x ( b ) nu l l i n d e x ( c ) s e c on d a r y ke y i n d e x ( d ) c o m p o s i t e ke y i n d e x 117. I n m ag n e t i c d i s ks , a t ra ck i s d i v i d e d i nt o w h o s e s i z e i s a ch a ra c t e r s t i c of t h e d i s k an d c an n o t b e ch an g e . ( a) Tra ck ( b ) C y l i n d e r ( c ) S e c t o r ( d ) D i s k b l o ck s 118. T h e b u ff e r m a n ag e r ma n a ge s t h e ava i la b l e m a i n m e m o r y by p ar t i t i on i n g i t i nt o a c ol le c ti o n of p a ge s w h i ch we c o l l e c t i ve l y r e f e r s to a s ( a) Fr a m e s ( b ) D i s k b l o ck s ( c ) S e c t o r s ( d ) B u ff e r p o ol 119. I f e a ch n o d e i n B + t r e e c ont ai n s b e twe e n 2 an d 4 e nt r i e s , t h e n t h e or d e r of B + t r e e d i s ( a) d = 2 ( b ) d = 1 ( c ) d = 4 ( d ) d = 3

12 0. W h i ch of t h e f ol l ow i n g i s u s e d t o m ap va l u e s i n a s e ar ch fi e l d i nt o a r a n ge o f bu cke t nu mb e rs t o fi n d th e p a ge o n w h i ch a d e s i r e d d a t a e ntr y b e l on g s ( a) R e c o rd I d ( b ) H a s h f u n c ti o n ( c ) S e c t o r ( d ) I n d e x ANS: D D D B D B B A D D B D C A A D C D A B 121 . A u n i t of p ro g ra m e xe c u t i on t h a t a c c e s s e s a n d p os s i b l y u p d at e s va r i ou s d a ta i t e m s is c al l e d ( a) C h e ck Po i nt i n g ( b ) C r a s h R e c ove r y ( c ) C o n c u r re n c y ( d ) Tra n s a c t i on 122 . A Tr an s ac t i o n T 2 t r y t o r e a d u n c o m m it e d d at a w h i ch was m o d i fi e d by T 1 t r an s a c t i o n m ay y i e l d ( a) w r c on fl i c t ( b ) r r c o n fl i c t ( c ) w w c o nfl i c t ( d ) w w w c o n fl i c t 123 . i s th e s i m p l e way t o i d e nt i f y t h e d e ad l o ck ( a) S e a r chi n g ( b ) T i m e i n M e ch a n i s m ( c ) L o cki n g ( d ) T i m e o u t M e ch a n i s m 124 . T h e s y nta x o f R ol l b a ck c o m m an d i s ( a) RO L L B AC K [ S AV E P OI N T < s ave p oi nt n a m e > ] ( b ) RO L L B AC K [ T O S AV E P OI N T < s ave p oi nt n a m e > ] ( c ) RO L L B AC K [ T O S AV E P OI N T ] ( d ) RO L L B AC K [ T O < s ave p oi nt n a m e > ] 125 . WA L S t a n d s f or ( a) Wr i t e A h e ad L og ( b ) Wr i t e A h e ad L os s ( c ) Wr i t e A m on g L o s s ( d)WithAheadLog 126 . A s ch e d u l e i s i f i t i s v i e w e q u i va l e nt t o s o m e s e ri a l s ch e d u l e ( a) C o n fl i c t e q u i va l e nt ( b ) V i e w e q u i va l e nt ( c ) C o n fl i c t s e r i l i z a b l e ( d ) V i e w s e r i l i z a b l e 127 . T h e wai t - d i e s ch e m e i s ( a) N o n - P r e e m p t i ve ( b ) E x c l u s i ve ( c ) S h a re d ( d ) P r e e m p t i ve 128 . A c c o r d i n g t o T h om a s w ri t e r u l e ( a) T S ( T ) < W T S ( 0 ) ( b ) T S ( T ) ! =W T S (0 ) ( c ) T S ( T ) = W T S (0 ) ( d ) T S ( T ) > W T S ( 0 ) 129 . T h e r e c ove r y m a n ag e r o f D B M S r e s p o n s i b l e f o r f o l l ow i n g two i m p or t ant p r o p e r t ie s ( a) C o n s i s t e n c y & G r anu l a ri ty ( b ) At om i c i ty & D u r ab i l i ty ( c ) G r a nu l a r i ty & c on s i s t e n c y ( d ) C o n s i s t e n c y & D u r a b i l i ty 130. W h i ch l o g r e c o rd c o nt a i n s j u s t t h e a f t e r i a m ge fi e l d ( a) a l l l o g re c or d s ( b ) r e d o o n l y u p d a t e l og r e c o rd ( c ) u p d a t e l o g re c or d ( d ) u n d o o n l yu p d at e l o gr e c o r d 131. T h e nu mb e r of s t e p s t h at a ch e ck p oi nt i n g i n A R I E S h as ( a) f o u r ( b ) o n e ( c ) two ( d ) t hree 132. W h i ch l aye r of D B M S ar ch i t e c t u r e i m p l e m e nt s fi l e o f re c or d s ( a) B u ff e r M a n ag e r ( b ) D i s k S p a c e M an a ge m e nt ( c ) F i l e & ac c e s s m e th o d l aye r ( d ) Q u e r y e va l u at i o n 133. A n i n d e x t h at u s e s a d a t a e ntr y k * a s a n a c t u al d at a r e c o r d ( a) C l u s t e r e d ( b ) D e n s e ( c ) U n c l u s t e r e d ( d ) S p a rs e 134. I f e ve ry n o n l e a f n o d e of a t r e e b as e d d at a s t r u c t u re h as n ch i l d r e n , t h e n t h e nu mb e r o f l e af pa g e s o f a t r e e o f h e i g ht h a r e . ( a) n h ( b ) n h ( c ) 1 / n h ( d ) n ( h -2 ) 135. T h e c o s t ( i n t e r m s of e x e c u t i o n t i m e ) of s c a n o p e r at i o n i n h e ap fi l e i s W h e r e B = T h e nu mb e r o f d a t a p ag e s w h e n r e c or d s ar e p a cke d o n t o p ag e s w i t h n o wa s t e d s p ac e R = T h e nu mb e r o f re c or d s p e r p a ge D = T h e ave ra g e t i m e to r e a d o r w r i t e a d i s k p ag e C = T h e ave r age ti m e t o p ro c e s s a r e c or d ( a) C + D ( b ) 2 D+ C ( c ) B ( D + RC ) ( d ) 0 . 5 B ( D+ RC ) 1 36. I f t h e s e ar ch ke y i s c o m p os i t , t h e q u e r y i n w h i ch e a ch fi e l d i n t h e s e ar ch ke y i s b o u n d t o a c o n s t ant i s c a l l e d ( a) e q u a l i ty q u e r y ( b ) i n e q u a l i ty q u e r y ( c ) l o gi c a l q u e r y ( d ) r an g e qu e r y 137. E x a m p l e f o r vol a t i l e s t o r ag e i s ( a) m a gn e t i c d i s k ( b ) t ap e s t o r ag e ( c ) o p ti c al s t or ag e ( d ) m a i n m e m o ry 138. T h e b u ff e r m a n ag e r ma n a ge s t h e ava i l ab l e m a i n m e m o r y by p ar t i t i on i n g i t i nt o a c ol le c ti o n of p a ge s w h i ch we c o l l e c t i ve l y r e f e r s to a s ( a) B u ff e r p o ol ( b ) D i s k b l o ck s ( c ) S e c t o r s ( d ) Fr a m e s 139. W h i ch t r e e i s a s ta t i c i n d e x s t ru c tu r e ( a) AV L Tr e e ( b ) B + Tre e ( c ) I S A M t re e ( d ) B Tr e e 140. W h i ch s ch e m e u s e s a c l e ve r p ol i c y f o r c r e at i n g n e w b u cke ts a n d s u p p o r t s I n s e r ts & D e l e t e s e ffi c i e nt l y w i t h ou t th e u s e of a d i r e c t or y ( a) E x t e n d a b l e H a s h i n g ( b ) L i n e a r H as h i n g ( c ) I n d e x i n g ( d ) S t at i c H as h i n g Ans:- d,a,d,b,a,d,a,a,b,b,d,c,a,a,c,a,d,a,c,b 141 . W h i ch o p e r a ti o n t r a n s f e r s th e d at a i t e m f r om th e d at a b as e t o a l o c al b u ff e r b e l on g i ng t o th e t r an s a c t i on ( a) R e ad ( b ) At om i c i ty ( c ) Wr i t e ( d ) D u r ab i l i ty

142 . O ve r l a p p i n g I / O a n d C P U ac ti v i ty r e d u c e s t h e am o u nt o f t i m e d i s k s a n d p ro c e s s o rsa r e i d l e a n d i n c re as e ( a) S y s t e m T i m e ( b ) S y s t e m T h r o u gh p u t ( c ) D e l ay ( d ) E x e c u t i onTime 143 . A t r a n s ac ti o n h o l d s a n e xc l u s i ve l o ck on w h e n i t want s to m o d i f y ( a) O b j e c t ( b ) B l o ck ( c ) M e t h o d ( d ) C l i e nt 144 . Wr i g hti n g a p a ge t o d i s k i s an a c t i on i n at o m i c w ri t e s ( a) D u p l i c a te ( b ) R e d u n d an c y ( c ) At om i c ( d ) R e ad 145 . WA L S t a n d s f or ( a) W i t h A h e a d L o g ( b ) Wr i t e A m on g L o s s ( c ) Wr i t e A h e ad L og ( d ) Wr i t e A h e ad L os s 146 . A s ch e d u l e i s c o n fl i c t s e r i l i z a b l e i f i t i s t o s o m e s e ri l s ch e d u l e ( a) C o n fl i c t s e r i l i z a b l e ( b ) V i e w s e r i l i z a b l e ( c ) C o n fl i c t e q u i va l e nt ( d ) V i e w e q u i va l e nt 147 . E x c l u s i ve l o ck c an b e a p p l i c a b l e t o o p e r at i o n ( a) R e ad ( b ) C h a n ge s ( c ) M o d i fi e d ( d ) Wr i t e 148 . W h i ch o n e c an b e u s e d t o e n s u r e th a t a t m o s t o n e t r an s a c t i o n i s i n i t s Val i d a t i on / Wri t e p h a s e s at any t i m e ( a) S u b s e c t i on ( b ) C r i t i c a l s e c t i o n ( c ) M u t u a l s e c ti o n ( d ) P r i m a ry s e c t i on 149 . T h e c o m p e n s a ti o n l o g r e c o rd C a l s o c o nt ai n s a fi e l d c a l l e d ( a) U n d o ( b ) R e d o n e x tLSN(c)Redo(d)UndonextLSN 1 50. W h i ch o f t h e f ol l ow i n g i s t h e L SN o f t h e n e x t l og r e c o r d th a t i s t o b e u n d on e f o r t h e t ra n s a c t i on t h a t w ro t e u p d a te r e c o r d ( a) r e c L S N ( b ) l a s t LS N ( c ) u n d o n e xt LS N ( d ) p r evLSN 151. T h e nu mb e r of s t e p s t h at a ch e ck p oi nt i n g i n A R I E S h as ( a) two ( b ) t h r e e ( c ) f o u r ( d ) one 152. W h i ch l aye r of D B M S ar ch i t e c t u r e i m p l e m e nt s fi l e o f re c or d s ( a) Q u e r y e va l u at i o n ( b ) F i l e & ac c e s s m e th o d l aye r ( c ) B u ff e r M a n ag e r ( d ) D i s k S p a c e M an a ge m e nt 153. A l t e r n at i ve ( 3 )f or w h at t o s t o r e a s a d a t a e ntr y i n an i n d e x i s ( a) A d a t a e nt ry k * i s an actu a l d a t a re c or d ( w i t h s e a r ch ke y val u e k) ( b ) A s e ar ch ke y val u e . ( c ) A d a t a e nt ry i s a < k , r id > p a i r, w h e r e r i d i s t h e re c or d i d of a d a ta r e c o r d w i t h s e a rch ke y va l u e k . ( d ) A d at a e nt r yi s a < k , r i d - l i s t > p a i r, w h e r e r i d - l i s t i s a l i s t o f r e c o rd i d s of d at a r e c or d s w i t h s e ar ch key val u e k . 154. I n B + t r e e s , al l l e af p ag e s ar e m ai nt ai n e d i n ( a) L i n ke d l i s t ( b ) S t ack ( c ) A r r ay s ( d ) D ou b l y Li n ke d l i s t 155. T h e c o s t ( i n t e r m s of e x e c u t i o n t i m e ) of s c a n o p e r at i o n i n h e ap fi l e i s W h e r e B = T h e nu mb e r o f d a t a p ag e s w h e n r e c or d s ar e p a cke d o n t o p ag e s w i t h n o wa s t e d s p ac e R = T h e nu mb e r o f re c or d s p e r p a ge D = T h e ave ra g e t i m e to r e a d o r w r i t e a d i s k p ag e C = T h e ave r age ti m e t o p ro c e s s a r e c or d ( a) C + D ( b ) B ( D + RC ) ( c ) 0 . 5 B ( D+ RC ) ( d ) 2 D+ C 156. W h i ch ke y i n d e x c an s u p p o r t a b ro a d e r r an g e of qu e ri e s b e c au s e i t m a t ch e s m o r e s e l ec t i o n c o n d i ti o n s ( a) s e c on d a r y ke y i n d e x ( b ) nu l l i n d e x ( c ) f o r e i gn ke y i n d e x ( d ) c o m p o s i t e ke y i n d e x 157. T h e s l owe s t c l a s s of s t or a ge d e v i c e s i s ( a) P r i m a ry s t or ag e ( b ) S e c o n d a ry s to r ag e ( c ) A r ch i va l s t o r ag e ( d ) Te r ti a r y s t o ra ge 158. T h e b u ff e r m a n ag e r ma n a ge s t h e ava i l ab l e m a i n m e m o r y by p ar t i t i on i n g i t i nt o a c ol le c ti o n of p a ge s w h i ch we c o l l e c t i ve l y r e f e r s to a s ( a) D i s k b l o ck s ( b ) Fr a m e s ( c ) S e c t o r s ( d ) B u ff e r p o o l 159. T h e d i ff e r e n c e b e twe e n l e af p ag e s an d n on l e af p a ge s i n I S A M i s ( a) L e a f p a ge s c o nta i n i n d e x e nt ri e s . N o n l e a f p a ge s c o nt ai n i n d e x e nt ri e s ( b ) L e a f p a ge s c o nta i n d a t a e nt ri es N o n l e a f p a ge s c o nt ai n i n d e x e nt ri e s ( c ) L e a f p a ge s c o nta i n d a t a e nt ri e s N o n l e a f p a ges c o nt ai n d at a e nt ri e s ( d ) L e a f p a ge s c o nta i n i n d e x e nt ri e s . N o n l e a f p a ge s c o nt ai n d at a ent ri e s 160. W h i ch s ch e m e u s e s a c l e ve r p ol i c y f o r c r e at i n g n e w b u cke ts a n d s u p p o r t s I n s e r ts & D e l e t e s e ffi c i e nt l y w i t h ou t th e u s e of a d i r e c t or y ( a) I n d e x i n g ( b ) L i n e a r H as h i n g ( c ) S t at i c H as h i n g ( d ) E x t e n d a b l e H a s h i n g ANS:- A,B,A,C,C,C,D,B,D,C,B,B,D,D,B,D,D,D,B,B 161 . A t r a n s ac ti o n t h a t m ay n o t a l way s c om p l e t e i t s e x e c u t i o n s u c c e s s f u l l y i s c al l e d ( a) Te r m i na t e d ( b ) Fa i l ( c ) A b o r te d ( d ) C o m m i tt e d 162 . I n s e ri a l e x e c u t i o n a s h or t t ra n s a c t i on c ou l d g e t s t r u ck b e h i n d a l o n g tr a n s a c t i on

le a d i n g to , u n p r e d i c t a b l e d e l ays i n ( a) D e l ay ti m e ( b ) P r o c e s s e x e c u t i o n t i m e ( c ) S y s t e m T h r o u gh p u t ( d ) R e s p o n s e ti m e 163 . D B M S ty p i c a l l y u s e s a p r ot o c o l t o ach i e ve L o ck b a s e d c o n c u r re n c y c o nt r o l ( a) L o cki n g p r o to c o l ( b ) T C P /I P p r ot o c o l ( c ) C l i e nt S e r ve r p r o to c o l ( d ) D i al u p p r ot o c o l 164 . a l l ow u s t o i d e nt i f y a p o i nt i n a t ra n s a c t i on a n d s e l e c t i ve l y ro l l b ack o p e r at i o n c ar r ie d o u t a f t e r th i s p oi nt ( a) S t at e ( b ) C o m m i t ( c ) R ol l b a ck ( d ) S ave p oi nt 165 . W h o c a n t a ke s e ve r al s t e p s t o t u n e re c ove r y s u b s y s t e m s ( a) S y s t e m A n a l y s t ( b ) A p p l i c a t i on p r o gr a m m e r ( c ) C l i e nt ( d ) D B A 166 . I f a t ra n s a c t i on h o l d i n g h e av i l y u s e d l o cks i s b e i n g s u s p e n d e d by a n O S t h e n e ve ry ot h e r t r a n s ac ti o n s n e e ds th e l o ck i s qu e u e d , s u ch qu e u e s a r e c al l e d as ( a) D e a d l o ck s ( b )L at ch e s ( c ) At om i c i ty ( d ) C o nvoys 167 . A var i a nt of 2 P L c a l l e d w h i ch c an al s o p r e ve nt d e a d l o ck ( a) U n - c on s e rvat i ve 2 P L ( b ) C o n s e r va t i ve 2 P L ( c ) S t r i c t 2 P L ( d ) S t r i c t l o ck 168 . W h i ch ty p e of te ch n i qu e c o m e s u n d e r a c o n c u r re n c y c o nt r o l w i t h o u t l o ck i n g ( a) M u l t i ve r s i on c o nc u rr e n c y c o nt r ol ( b ) T i m e s t am p b as e d c o n c u r r e n c y c o ntr o l ( c ) T i m e ou t c ont r ol ( d ) O p ti m a s t i c a n d c on c u r e n c y c ont r ol 169 . T h e m ai n p u rp os e o f A R I E S re c ove r y a l go ri t h m i s ( a) R e p e a t i n g h i s to r y d u r i n g r e d o ( b ) Wr i t e ah e a d l o gg i n g ( c ) L og g i n g cha n g e s d u r i n g u n d o ( d ) Wr i t e ah e a d l o gg i n g , R e p e a t i ng h i s to r y d u r i n g r e d o & Lo g gi n g ch a n ge s d u r i n g u n d o 170. W h i ch l o g r e c o rd c o nt a i n s j u s t t h e b e f or e i m a ge fi l e d ( a) r e d o o n l y u p d a t e l og r e c o rd ( b ) u n d o o n l yu p d at e l o gr e c o r d ( c ) u p d a t e l o g re c or d ( d ) a l l l o g re c or d s 171. T h e m os t r e c e nt ch e ck p oi nt wa s t a ke n at th e o f t h e e x e c u t i on w i t h a n e m p ty t ra n s a c t i on t ab l e an d d i rty p a ge t ab l e ( a) C e nt r e ( b ) M i d d l e ( c ) B e gi n n i n g ( d ) E n d 17 2. T h e u n i t of i n f o r m at i o n r e ad f r om or w r it t e n to d i s k i s c al l e d ( a) Pa ge ( b ) S e c t o r ( c ) F i l e ( d ) R e c o rd 173. A n i n d e x c o nt a i n i n g n o d u p l i c at e s an d t h e s e ar ch ke y c o nt ai n s s o m e c a n d i d at e ke y i s c al l e d ( a) C l u s t e r e d I n d e x ( b ) U n i q u e I n d e x ( c ) U n c l u s t e r e d I n d e x ( d ) S p a rs e I n dex 174. T h e l owe s t l e ve l o f t h e tr e e i s c al l e d ( a) L e a f n o d e ( b ) R o o t n o d e ( c ) N o n l e a f n o d e(d)Siblingsofnonleafnode 175. T h e c o s t ( i n t e r m s of e x e c u t i o n t i m e ) of s e a r ch w i t h e q u a l i ty s e l e c t i o n i n h e ap fi l e i s W h e r e B = T h e nu mb e r o f d a t a p ag e s w h e n r e c or d s ar e p a cke d o n t o p ag e s w i t h n o wa s te d s p ac e R = T h e nu mb e r o f re c or d s p e r p a ge D = T h e ave ra g e t i m e to r e a d o r w r i t e a d i s k p age C = T h e ave r ag e ti m e t o p ro c e s s a r e c or d ( a) 2 D+ C ( b ) B ( D + RC ) ( c ) 0 . 5 B ( D+ RC ) ( d ) C +D 176. I f t h e s e ar ch ke y i s c o m p os i t , t h e q u e r y i n w h i ch e a ch fi e l d i n t h e s e ar ch ke y i s b o u n d to a c o n s t ant i s c a l l e d ( a) i n e q u a l i ty q u e r y ( b ) e q u a l i ty q u e r y ( c ) r an g e qu e r y ( d ) l o gi calquery 177. P r i m a ry s t or a ge c on s i s t s o f ( a) o p ti c al di s k ( b ) t ap e s ( c ) M a gn e ti c d i s k ( d ) c a ch e andmainmemory 178. W h i ch l aye r i n D B M S ar ch i t e c t u r e h i d e t h e d e ta i l s of t h e u n d e r l y i n g h ar d wa r e ( an d p o s s i b l y t h e OS ) a n d a l l ow s h i g h e r l e ve l s o f s of twa r e t o t h i n k of t h e d a t a as a c o l l e c t i on of p a ge s ( a) B u ff e r m a na g e r ( b ) C o n c u r r e n c y c o ntr o l ( c ) R e c ove r y m a n ag e r ( d ) D i s k s p a c e m an a ge r 179. T h e m e a s u r e o f t h e c ap a c i ty of a t r e e n o d e i n B+ t r e e i s ( a) O u td e gr e e of a n o d e ( b ) O rd e r of t h e t r e e ( c ) I n d e g r e e of a n o d e ( d ) H e i g ht of t h e t r e e 180. W h i ch s ch e m e u s e s a d i r e c t o r y t o s u p p o rt I n s e r t s & D e l e t e s e ffi c i e nt l y w i t h n o ove r fl ow p a g e s ( a) E x t e n d a b l e H a s h i n g ( b ) S t at i c H as h i n g ( c ) L i n e a r H as h i n g ( d ) I n d e xing ANS:- C,D,A,D,D,D,B,C,D,B,C,A,B,A,C,B,D,D,B,A 181 . A s ch e d u l e t h a t c o nt a i n s e i th e r an ab o r t o r a c om m i t f or e ach tr a n s a c t i on w h os e a c t i on s ar e l i s t e d i n i t i s c al l e d ( a) I n c o m p l e t e S ch e d u l e ( b ) Fa i l e d S ch e d u l e ( c ) S e r i a l S

ch e d u l e ( d ) C o m p l e t e s ch e d u l e 182 . R e ad i n g u n c o m m i t t e d d a ta c om e s u n d e r ( a) w w c o nfl i c t ( b ) r r c o n fl i c t ( c ) r w c on fl i c t ( d ) w r c on fl i c t 183 . W h a t ar e t he d i ff e r e nt ty p e s of l o cks w h i ch ar e us e d by d i ff e re nt l o ck i n g p r ot o c o l s ( a) E x c l u s i ve l o ck ( b ) C l o s e d l o ck ( c ) S h a re d & E x c l u s i ve l o ck ( d ) S h a re d l o ck 184 . Wr i g hti n g a p a ge t o d i s k i s an a c t i on in at o m i c w ri t e s ( a) At om i c ( b ) R e ad ( c ) D u p l i c a te ( d ) R e d u n d an c y 185 . W h i ch o f th e f o l l ow i n g c o nt ro l s t h e e x e c u t i o n of t r an s a c t i o n s ( a) C r a s h r e c ove r y ( b ) Tra n s a c t i on m an g e r ( c ) R e c ove r y m a n ag e r ( d ) C o n c u r re n c y c o ntr o l 186 . A s ch e d u l e S i s c on fl i c t s e r i al i z a b l e th e n p r e c e d e n c e g ra p h i s ( a) S q u ar e d ( b ) R e c t an g l e ( c ) A c y c l i c ( d ) C y c l i c 187 . L o cki n g m e ch a n i s m l i m i ts ( a) D u p l i c a te ( b ) C o n s i s t e n c y ( c ) Pa ra l l e l i s m ( d ) R e d u n d an c y 188 . S t r i c t 2 P L a l l ow s s ch e d u l e s ( a) V i e w e q u i va l e nt ( b ) C o n fl i c t e q u i va l e nt ( c ) C o n fl i c t s e ri a l i z a b l e ( d ) V i e w s e r i l i z a b l e 189 . A R I E S s ta n d s f or ( a) A l g or i t h m f o r r e n e wa l i s o l a ti o n e x p l o i t i n g S ym a nti c ( b ) A l g or i t h m f o r r e c ove r y i s ol a t i on e xp l o i t i n g S y ma nt i c ( c ) A l g or i t h m f o r r e m ove i s ol a t i on e x p l oi t i n g S y m ant i c ( d ) A l g or i t h m f o r r e d u n d a nt i s ol a t i on e x p l oi t i n g S y m ant i c 190. W h i ch t a b l e c o nt ai n s on e e nt r y f or e ach d i r ty p a ge i n t h e b u ff e r p o o l ( a) D at a t a b l e ( b ) Tra n s a c t i on ta b l e ( c ) I n d e x ta b l e ( d ) D i r ty p a g e t ab l e 191. C h e ck p oi nt r e c o r d s a r e s to r e d i n ( a) S e c o n d ar y s to r ag e ( b ) S t ab l e s t o ra ge ( c ) C a ch e ( d ) R A M 192. E a ch r e c o r d i n a fi l e i s i d e nti fi e d by ( a) B u cke t ( b ) H a s h Fu n c t i on ( c ) R e c o rd i d ( d ) Pa ge i d 193. A n i n d e x c o nt a i n i n g n o d u p l ic at e s an d t h e s e ar ch ke y c o nt ai n s s o m e c a n d i d at e ke y i s c al l e d ( a) C l u s t e r e d I n d e x ( b ) U n i q u e I n d e x ( c ) S p a rs e I n d e x ( d ) U n c l u s t e r e d I n d ex 194. I n t re e b a s e d i n d e x i n g, t h e n o d e p oi nt e r t o t h e l e f t o f a ke y va l u e k of n on l e a f p a g e s poi nt s t o a s u b t r e e t h a t c o nta i n s on l y d a t a e ntr i e s ( a) E q u a l t o k ( b ) L e s s t h an k ( c ) G r e a te r t h an k ( d ) G r e a t e r t h an or e qu a l t o k 195. T h e c o s t ( i n t e r m s of e x e c u t i o n t i m e ) of s c a n o p e r at i o n i n s or t e d fil e i s W h e r e B = T h e nu mb e r o f d a t e p a ge s w h e n r e c o r d s a r e p a cke d on t o pa g e s w i th n o was te d s p a c e R = T h e nu mb e r o f re c or d s p e r p a ge D = T h e ave ra g e t i m e to r e a d o r w r i t e e d i s k s p a c e C = T h e ave r ag e ti m e t o p ro c e s s e r e c o r d ( a) S e a r ch c o s t + B ( D + RC ) ( b ) 1 . 5B (D + RC ) ( c ) B ( D + RC ) ( d)(Dlog2B+Clog2R) 196. T h e s t e p s i nvo l ve d i n i n d e x t u n i n g a l go r i th m ar e ( a) s u p e r ke y i n d e x s e l e c t i on , c a n d i d at e i n d e x s e l e c t i on ( b ) c a n d i d at e i n d e x s e l e c t i on ( c ) c o n fi gu r a ti o n e nu m e ra t i on ( d ) c a n d i d at e i n d e x s e l e c t i on , c o fi gu a r at i o n e nu m e r a ti o n 197. W h i ch R a i d l e ve l r e f e rs D i s k M i r r o ri n g w i th b l o ck s t ri p i n g ( a) R ai d l e ve l 1 ( b ) R ai d l e ve l 2 ( c ) R ai d l e ve l 0 ( d ) R ai d l e ve l 3 198. D i r ty i s a w h i ch i n d i c at e s w h e t h e r t h e p ag t e h a s b e e n m o d i fi e d af t e r i t was b r ou g ht i nto b u ff e r p o ol ( a) C h a r ac t e r var i a b l e ( b ) B o o l e a n va r i ab l e ( c ) R e al va r i ab l e ( d ) I nt e g e r va r i ab l e 199. T h e h e i g ht o f th e B + t r e e w i t h on l y l e af l e ve l a n d a s i n g l e i n d e x l e ve l i s ( a) 3 ( b ) 4 (c)1(d)2 2 00. I n s t at i c h as h i n g s ch e m e , i f we wa nt t o i n s e r t a n e w d at a e nt r y i nto a f ul l b u cke t, we n e ed t o ad d ( a) O ve r fl ow p a ge ( b ) D i r e c t or y ( c ) F i l e ( d ) P r i m a ry p ag e1 . ANS: DDCABCCCBDBCBBCDABCA