ISSN: 1906-7976

2 2 - ..2554

()

Journal of Faculty of Animal Science and Agricultural Technology,

Silpakorn University
(ASAT eJournal)

ISSN 1906-7976
(for electronic version only)

http://www.asat.su.ac.th/journal.html

Advisory Editor

Kriengsak Poonsuk, DVM

Associate Professor

Editor in Chief

.
Surawat Chalorsuntisakul, DVM, PhD
email address: surawat@su.ac.th

Associate Editor

.
Charunee Kasornpikul, DVM, PhD
email address: kcharune@su.ac.th

..
..

. 1403 4

1 3
76120

[[[


2 2 - ..2554

:
..........................1

........................................ 10

.. 16

......... 24


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:
1
1

..
2542 ..2543
,
, , ,

(Bulk milk sample analysis)
..2543
6 500,000 /.

1|Page


2 2 - ..2554
.. 2538 76.79
15.48

Streptococci (Str. agalactiae,

Str. dysgalactiae, Str. uberis, Str. bovis, Enterococci Lancerfield Group G.
Streptococci) Staphylococci Gram
negative rods E. coli, Enterobacter spp. Klebsiella spp. Corynebacterium
C. pyogenes C. pseudotuberculosis (purulent
mastitis) supramammary lymph nodes Bacillus
Clostidium perfringens (
Gaseous gangrenous mastitis) Mycobacterium
Mycroplasma
5-6
Mycroplasma bovis
Candida, Cryptococcus, Trichosporin, Geotrichum, Nocardia
Oonycetes (genus absidia)
Protetheca

2|Page


2 2 - ..2554
2
1. (Contagious mastitis)

Staph. aureus Str. agalactiae
2. (Environmental mastitis)
Str. uberis Str. dysgalactiae
gram-negative coliforms ( Coliform mastitis) E. coli and Klebsiella spp.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (teat dips)
(contaminated drugs and infusion equipment)

(Teat Skin to Udder)
Coagulase negative Staphylococci Corynebacterium bovis,
(Mouth to Udder) Summer mastitis
Actinomyces pyogenes (formerly Arcanobacterium spp.)
(Abscesses and purulent mastitis) Staph. aureus
NAycoplasvna spp., Serratia spp., Pasteurella (now Mannheimia) haemolytica
Chronic mastitis with abscess formation acute gangrenous mastitis
()
(Teat orifice)
(Sphincter) (Teat canal)

2
1. (Clinical Mastitis)

2
2. (Subclinical Mastitis)

3|Page


2 2 - ..2554
Streptococcus agalactiae
Streptococcus agalactiae

epithelial
surface Lactic acid
Streptococcus dysgagalactiae
Streptococcus agalactiae

Streptococcus uberis Streptococcus bovis

Straptococus aureus




Streptococus
(103 107 ) gangrene

1. (Traditional Detection Methods)

- (Memory)
4|Page


2 2 - ..2554
- (Smell) (purulent
odors)
- (Taste)
- (Ears) (discomfort or pain)
- (Hands) (pain)
(swelling) (local temperature)
- (Eyes)
2. (Indirect Detection Aids)
California mastitis test, Wisconsin Mastitis test (WMT),
NAGase (Nacetylglucosaminidase) activity, Milk composition, Various whey fraction proteins, The
truly confirmatory test, Electrical conductivity ELISAs.
CMT (California mastitis test)

(somatic cell count)
3.
Somatic cell count
Hemacytometer Direct Microscopic Somatic Cell Count (DMSCC)
(Electronic Somatic Cell Count)
Ethidum bromide Somatic cell
count 300,000 / .
CMT
(Bacteriological culture)
bacterial count (such as standard plate count (SPC), laboratory pasteurized count (LPC), Coliform
Count
15
10%
(Commercial Test) ProStaph, Bactoscan, Mas-D-Tec,
Prompt, MASTiK
5|Page


2 2 - ..2554

(Lactation therapy)

30-60
12-24 .
103
oxytocin 5
(Intra-mammary infusion), (systemic administration of antibiotics),
(Fluid therapy) (anti-inflammatory / analgesic drugs)
Penicillin, oxytetracycline cephapirin.
(Dry cow therapy)


( ) 2

Organic Farm
Inert bismuth subnitrate
External test sealant 90
Bacteriocin Nisin Lactacin Streptococus
dysgalactiae Staphylococcus aureus Lysostaphin Staph.
aureus 66, Streptococcus agalactiae 95 Str. Uberis 100

6|Page


2 2 - ..2554

1-2

Clean, Dry, Cool Comfortable (
)

1.

2.

(teat dip) 1% Iodine 4% Hypochlorite

3.

4.

( )
CMT
5. (Mastitis Vaccines)
Staphylococcus aureus ( Somato-Staph Lysigin
) E. coli. (Coliform Mastitis) ( Mastiguard.
JVac) Gram negative ( Endovac-Bovi re-17
mutant Salmonella typhimurium bacterin toxoid)
7|Page


2 2 - ..2554
6. (Nutrition):
somatic cell count
Selenium Vitamin E oxidative damage
(augments phagocytic function) B-Carotene, Vitamin A,
Zinc, Copper, Cobalt

.2542.
. : :
. - :
, , , ,
. 2533.
. :
2533. :
. 2545.
. :
/ / 3
: 28-29 2545
Philpot WN, Nickerson SC. Winning the fight against mastitis. Illinoise: Westfalia, 2000.
Piuvinage P, Durcruet T, Josse J, Monicat F.Factors of risk of milk cow mastitis. Results of the
survey. In: Environmental Animal Health Production of the 6th Int. Congress on Anim. Hlth.,
1988 June 14-17, 1988:51-5.
Romain HT, Adesiyun AA, Webb LA, Lauckner FB.Study on risk factors and their association with
subclinical mastitis in lactating dairy cows in Trinidad. J Vet Med 2000;47:257.
Ronningen O, Reitan AD. Influence of static and dinamic teat characteristics and milking time on
udder health in Norwegian red cattle. J Dairy Res1990;57:171-7.
Forbes BA, Sahm DF and Weissfeld AS. 2002. Bailey and Scotts diagnostic microbiology. 11 th ed.
8|Page


2 2 - ..2554
Mosby,Inc.Publishing. Chaina. 1069 pp.National Institute of Animal Health. 2003. Standard
diagnosis manual for livestock diseases in Thailand. 3 th ed. Bankok. 256 pp.

9|Page


2 2 - ..2554

The study of light factor effect to percula eggs hatching

1 1 1 1
1

1-2

PVC
7-10 -
19.00 .

(2537)
6
, 6 . , 1 , 2 , 3 ,
4 13.00 . 06.00 .
6 . , 1 , 2 , 3 4
6 . , 1
, 2 3
4

10 | P a g e


2 2 - ..2554
: , ,
Abstract
Anemone fishes cultures in Thailand conventionally have taken 1-2 years of brood stock for
copulation. Naturally, eggs of female anemone fishes will be attached to substrate such as rock, tile,
PVC pipe etc. In dim light circumstance eggs will be hatched within 7-10 days after laid and will be a
larva stage about 19.00 am. Of last hatching day, Due to dim light or less harm so that a Fish hatcher
need to operate their duty in the night time caused decreasing of survival rate. Light had a vital
factor for anemone fishes hatching. The experimental aquariums have covered with dark garbage bag
at 13.00 17.00 pm. Each days, and have divided experimental unit in to 6 treatments to begin with
control (no covered), 6 hrs. covered before hatching, a day covered before hatching, 2 days covered
before hatching, 3 days covered before hatching and 4 days covered before hatching respectively, the
result had shown that all experimental unit excepted control had no hatching before usual time of
hatching as well as fish eggs were properly development, unless 4 days covered before hatching all
eggs were mucilage and un-hatching due to less carefulness of brood stock.
Keyword: A. percula, fish hatching, light factor

A. percula

( 2549)

PVC


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2 2 - ..2554

(2537)

1.
1.1 -
1.2 36 X 18
2.
2.1 - 18

1.
6 3 ()
18
6 Treatment Treatment 1 () 1
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2 2 - ..2554
Treatment 2-6 13.00 . 06.00 .
6 . 1, 2, 3 4
2.
- 18 18 18
08.00 .
(, 2547) 13.00 .
3.
3.1 6 treatment 3 () 1 2
6 1.
3.2
, 1

3.3 6 . , 1, 2, 3 4
-

1. -
- 18
-
(6 . 1, 2, 3 )
(4 ) -
2.

6 . , 1, 2, 3 4 0.00 0.00, 0.00
0.00, 0.00 0.00, 0.00 0.00, 0.00 0.00
(P > 0.05) 1 2
13 | P a g e


2 2 - ..2554
1
6 . , 1, 2, 3 4
() F-test P value
CV (%)

(%)
0 ()
0.00
6 .
0.00
1
0.00
2
0.00
3
0.00
4
0.00
:

2
6 . , 1, 2, 3 4
()

6 .
1
2
3
4

(%)
0.00b
0.00b
0.00b
0.00b
0.00b
0.00b

:
14 | P a g e


2 2 - ..2554

(2537)




13.0 06.00 .

13.00 . 06.00 .
6 . , 1, 2, 3 4

(2537)

15 | P a g e


2 2 - ..2554

. 2547. .
,, . 58 .
. 2537.
(False Clown Anemonefish, Amphiprion ocellaris). . 393 412. :
2537, , .
. 2549. . . .
107 .
. 2544. . ,
. 413 .
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Street, NW Washington, DC 2024 URL :
http://www.petstoreabuse.com/cyanide.html

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The Component of Oligosaccharide Extracted from Some Plants

1 1 2 2 3
1

11
(Allium sativum) (Allium ampeloprasum ) (Allium
cepa var. aggregatum) (Allium cepa var. ascalonicum) (Allium cepa var.
viviparum) (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis (Lour.) Olsson. (Brassica
rapa ssp. Pekinensis var. cylindrical) () (Raphanus sativus) (Pachyrrhizus erosus)
( ) (Raphanus sativus) (Asparagus officinalis L.)
(Helianthus tube ) Simple Water Extract

() ()

:

17 | P a g e


2 2 - ..2554
Abstract
The objective of this research is finding the Oligosaccharide substance by extracting from
eleven kinds of vegetable. Which is garlic (Allium sativum) garlic (Allium ampeloprasum) onions
(Allium cepa var. aggregatum) red onions (Allium cepa var. ascalonicum) tree onion (Allium cepa
var. viviparum) chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis (Lour.) Olsson) chinese cabbagemichilli (Brassica rapa ssp. Pekinensis var. cylindrical) chinese radish (Raphanus sativus) Yam
bean (Pachyrrhizus erosus) Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) and Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus
tube) by Simple Water Extract. So those vegetable will use Total Sugar Assay Reducing Sugar
Degree of polymerization value; DP Thin layer chromatography method and HPLC Method as result
have garlic (Allium sativum) garlic (Allium ampeloprasum) onions (Allium cepa var. aggregatum)
red onions (Allium cepa var. ascalonicum) tree onion (Allium cepa var. viviparum) Yam
bean (Pachyrrhizus erosus) Asparagus (Asparagus officinalisL.) and Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus
tube) have component of Oligosaccharide.
Keywords: Oligosaccharide, HPLC, TLC and Plants extract

(Oligosaccharide)
2-10
(-OH group) (reducing carbon atom)

Maltose
Glucose 2 Sucrose Glucose
Fructose Sucrose non-reducing sugar

(cellubiose) Glucose 2 Glucose

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2 2 - ..2554
Glucose (1- 4)
(1-4)
( , 2538)

1.
11
() (
) Simple Water Extract (Wongputtisin, 2003)
2.
11 Simple Water Extract (Wongputtisin, 2003)
(Total sugar assay) Phenol-Sulfuric Acid Assay (
, 2549) (Reducing sugar)
Dinitrosalicylic Acid Assay ( , 2547)
(Thin layer chromatography; TLC) ( , 2549)
High-Performance Liquid Chromotography (HPLC) (Lindsay, 1987)

1. Phenol-Sulfuric Acid Assay

(438.12 mg/mL) () (399.97 mg/mL)
() (281.18 mg/mL) (102.30 mg/mL) (78.04 mg/mL)
(44.90 mg/mL) (27.83 mg/mL) (22.02 mg/mL) (20.21 mg/mL)
(15.72 mg/mL) () (14.23 mg/mL) (5.96 mg/mL) (
) (4.51 mg/mL)
19 | P a g e


2 2 ..2554

(2547) Phenol-Sulfuric Acid Assay

2. Dinitrosalicylic Acid Assay
() (100.35 mg/mL) (91.11 mg/mL)
() (75.05 mg/mL) (47.59 mg/mL) (12.67 mg/mL) (
) (11.85 mg/mL) (11.83 mg/mL) (11.34 mg/mL) (8.40 mg/mL)
(8.06 mg/mL) (6.76 mg/mL) () (5.16 mg/mL)
(4.50mg/mL) (2547)
Dinitrosalicylic Acid Assay
(Degree of Polymerization Value; DP)
(6.64 mg/mL) () (5.32 mg/mL) (4.74 mg/mL) (3.45
mg/mL) () (2.80 mg/mL)
3. 11 HPLC ()
() Sucose Sucrose Sucrose Sucrose
Sucrose Sucrose Maltose Sucrose

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2 2 ..2554

()

()

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2 2 ..2554

HPLC Fructose Sucrose Glucose

Arabinose Xylose Moltose Rhamnose Galactose Raffinose
Mannose 11
() Sucrose (
) Sucrose () Sucrose (
) Sucrose Sucrose Sucose
Sucrose Sucose
Maltose Maltose

11
() ()

. 2546.
Lactobacillus acidophilus. . . .
. 2543 .
. . 500.
. 2549. . [ : ]
http://www.agricprod.mju.ac.th/vegetable/File link/chicab.pdf, 27 2550.
. 2538. . . .
. 2543. Carbohydrate : Inulin, Oligofructose. .7 (2) : 19-23.
22 | P a g e


2 2 ..2554

. 2547. (Allium ascalonicum

Linn.), (Psidium guajava Linn.) (Pachyrrhizus erosus Linn.)
Lactobacillus acidophilus . . . .
. 2540. . . .. ,
. 618 .
. 2551. "E20-E85" [ :
] www.safetybio.agri.kps.ku.ac.th
. 2544 . . .
, . 2549. (Experimental
Biochemistry). ,
.
. 2544.
. . .
Gibson, G. R. and B. M. Roberfoid. 1995. Dietary Modulation of the Human Colonic Microbiota
: Introducing the Concept of Preioticss. Journal of Nutrition. 126(6) : 1401-1412.
Laura, J., F. Martnez., M. A. M. Cabrejas., E. Moll., F. J. L. Andru., K. W. Waldron. and R. M.
Esteban. 2001. Study of Total Fructan and Fructooligosaccharide Content in Different Onion Tissues.
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 81(2) : 177-182.
Lemar, K. M., M. P. Turner and D. Lloyd. 2002. Garlic (Allium sativum) as an Anti-Candida
Agent : Comparison of the Efficacy of Fresh Garlic and Freeze-dried Extracts. Journal of Applied
Microbiology. 93(3) : 398-405.
Lindsay, S. 1987. High Performance Liquid Chromatography Analytical Chemistry by Open Learning,
John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.
Wongputtisin, P. 2003. Selection of Oligosaccharides from Some Local Plants for Utilizing as
Prebiotics. M.S. thesis, Chiengmai University.

23 | P a g e


2 2 ..2554

Comparation of Lesion Scores and Oocyst Shedding between Thai Native Crossbred and Commercial
Broiler Chickens after Eimeria tenella Oocyst Challenged
1 1 1 2 2
1

Sporulated Oocyst Eimeria tenella 2104

Eimeria tenella
(P<0.01)


(P<0.01) Eimeria
tenella
(P>0.05)
24 | P a g e


2 2 ..2554

:
Abstract
The Comparation of lesion scores and Oocyst shedding was carried out in fed-chickens between Thai
Native Crossbred and Commercial Broiler Chickens. After Challenged with 2 104 oocysts of Eimeria
tenella, the result revealed that the verage daily gain (ADG) of Commercial Broiler Chickens without oocystfedding group was higher than others with highly significant difference (P<0.01). The Broiler Chickens group
had ADG, morbidity, accumulative morbidity, mortality, accumulative mortality and oocyst shedding higher
than Thai Native Crossbred group. However, the Commercial Broiler Chickens group showed higher
mortality than Thai Native Crossbred with highly significant difference (P<0.01) and it had lesion scores
higher than the others but they showed no significant difference (P>0.05).
Keywords: Broiler Chickens, Thai Native Crossbred, Coccidiosis and Eimeria tenella

( , 2530)
(Caecal Coccidiosis) Eimeria tenella

2 Clinical Infection

Subclinical Infection

(Soulsby, 1982)
25 | P a g e


2 2 ..2554

Eimeria tenella


( , 2542)

1 Eimeria tenella ADG

1.
() 50
0 7
2.
1 (Completely Randomized Design, CRD)
4 10
1 Eimeria tenella
2 Eimeria tenella
3 Eimeria tenella
4 Eimeria tenella
3.
3.1. ADG



26 | P a g e


2 2 ..2554

3.2. 5 4
10 .
(Haemacytometer) 10X

4.
ADG
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) SAS
Duncans New Multiples Range Test (DMRT)
(SAS, 1998)
2

(Simple Random Sampling) 2

3 10
1.
2 (Completely Randomized Design, CRD)
20 2 2 10
1 Eimeria tenella
2 Eimeria tenella

2.
2.1.
Duffy, Mathis and Power (2005) 0-4

0
1
27 | P a g e


2 2 ..2554

2
3

4

1 Eimeria tenella ADG

(2545) (2532)


3-4 5-6 Eimeria tenella
3-4 Eimeria tenella
(2545) (2532) Eimeria spp.
20% 2 3

5-7
5 Eimeria tenella
6 Eimeria tenella
11 12 Eimeria tenella
Soulsby (1982) Turk and Stephens (2008) 6
Jeurissen et
28 | P a g e


2 2 ..2554

al. (1996), Luiz (2007) Rhee et al. (1991) 7

(Fanatico, 2006)

( , 2537)
2
13 Eimeria tenella
Eimeria tenella
Sporozoite Intra-epithelial Lymphocyte
2 (Connective Tissue) 3
Eimeria tenella

Muscularis Mucosae 4
3
Eosinophil, Lymphocyte, Monocyte Plasma Cell 5
Submucosa 6 Caecal Core
Caecal Core
10 21 ( , 2537)
Eimeria tenella
4 5 13 Eimeria tenella
5 2
6 1
7 1
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2 2 ..2554

9 1 1
10 2
11 2
12 1
13 1
Duffy, Mathis and Power (2005)
Fanatico (2006) 4 12 21
4 5 13
Eimeria tenella Elmusharaf et al. (2006), Luiz (2007)
Pinard-van der laan. Et al. (1998)
Eimeria tenella 3 4 2 Luiz
(2007) 4 7
4 7 Eimeria tenella
Eimeria tenella

( , 2537)

1 Eimeria tenella ADG

ADG Eimeria tenella
(P<0.01)


(P<0.01)
30 | P a g e


2 2 ..2554

2
13 Eimeria tenella

Eimeria tenella
(P>0.05)

. 2545. . 2.
. . 290 .
. 2530. : (2530-2533).
. 122-133 .
. 2542. . 9. . 35 .

. 2545.
.

.
2537. Eimeria maxima .
2537. 19 .
. 2532. ; .
. 89 - 104 .
. 2532. . :
http://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%9AE0%B9%89%
E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7
%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5, 16 2551.
31 | P a g e


2 2 ..2554

. 2540. . 95 .
, , . 2519.
. . 73 82 .
. 2539. . , . 88 .
Amy L. Johnson , Jenifer E. Stewart, Gillian A. Perkins. 2007. Diagnosis and treatment of Emeria
macusaniensis in an adult alpaca with signs of colic. The Veterinary Journal.
Anish Yadav, S.K.. n.d. Study of resistance against some ionophores in Eimeria tenella field isolates.
Hisar-125 004, India. 70 p.
Arakawa, Y. Tanaka, E. Baba and T. Fukata. 2002. Effects of clopidol on sporulation and infectivity of
Eimeria tenella oocysts. Department of Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, University of
Osaka Prefecture, Sakai, Osaka 591, Japan.
Dauton Luiz Zulpo, Jaidson Peretti, Leandro Mortean Ono, Elaine Longhi1, Marcos R. Oliveira, Ivens Gomes
Guimares, Selwyn Arlington Headley, Jos da Silva Guimares Junior and Joo Luis Garcia. 2007.
Pathogenicity and histopathological observations of commercial broiler chicks experimentally
infected with isolates of Eimeria tenella, E. acervulina and E. maxima. Semina: Cincias Agrrias,
Londrina. 97 104 p.
Duffy, G.F. Mathis, R.F. Power. 2005. Effects of NatustatTM Supplemention on performance, feed and
intestinal lesion scores in broiler chickens Challenged with Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria maxima
and Eimeria tenella. Veterinary Para itology.185-190 p.
Fanatico Anne. 2006. Parasite Management for Natural and Organic Poultry: Coccidiosis. A Publication
of ATTRA - National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service.
Jeurissen, S. H. M.; Janse, E. M.; Vermeulen, A.N.; Velverde, L. Eimeria tenella infections in
chickens:aspects of host-parasite interactions. Veterinary Immunology Immunopathology,
Amsterdam. 231-238 p.

32 | P a g e


2 2 ..2554

M. E. Persia, E. L. Young, P. L. Utterback, and C. M. Parsons1. 2006. Effects of Dietary Ingredients and
Eimeria acervulina Infection on Chick Performance, Apparent Metabolizable Energy, and
Amino Acid Digestibility. Poultry Science. 4855 p.
Saif, Y.M, Barnes, J., Fadly, A.M., Glisson, J.R., McDougald, L.R. and Swayne. 2003. Protozoal infections.
In: Diseases of poultry. Iowa Statepress. Ames. Iowa. 973991 p.
Rhee JK, Seu YS, Park BK (1991). Isolation and identification of Cryptosporidium from various animals
in Korea. III. Identification of Cryptosporidium baileyi from Korean chicken. Korean J Parasitol.
315-324 p.
Soulsby. EJL. 1982. Helminths arthropods and protozoa of domesticated animals. Bailliere Tindall,
London.
Turk D. E. and Stephens. J. F.. 2008. Upper Intestinal Tract Infection Produced by E. acervulina and
Absorption of 65Zn and 131I-labeled Oleic Acid. Department of Poultry Science, Clemson
University, Clemson, South Carolina. 161 165 p.

33 | P a g e

1)


(peer-reviewed journal)

1.1) (Original article) (Research article)

1.2) (Short communication) (Research note)
1.3) (Clinical report) (Field report)
(Case report)
1.4) (Special article) () (Miscellany article)
1.5) (Review article) (Continuing educational
article) (Tutorial article)
1.6) (Translated article)
1.7) (Book review)
1.8) (Letter to the editor)

2)
(Original article) (Research article)

(Short communication) (Research note)


(Clinical report) (Field report) (Case report)

(Review article) (Continuing educational article)

(Tutorial article)



(Special article) () (Miscellany article)


(Translated article)

(Book review)

(Letter to the editor)

(original article) 5,000 , 75 ,

10
(short communication) 2,500 ,
15 , 3
(review article) (miscellany article)
10,000 , 100 , 10
(case report)
1,500 , 5 , 20
(book review) (letter to the editor)
500




3)



http://www.asat.su.ac.th
(email) surawat@su.ac.th
surawatch@gmail.com CD DVD

.1403 4

1 -
76120


4)

1.
2.

3.

4.
()
5.
, , ,
(acknowledgement)

4.1) (Title page)
1. ( )
2.
3.
4.2) (Abstract)

100 - 250


1.
2.
3.
4.

(Purpose)
(Methods)
(Results)
(Conclusions)

4.3 (Keyword) 3 6
4.4 (Manuscript)
4.5 (Text Formatting) (introduction),
(methods), (results), (discussion),
(acknowledgements), (references),
(tables and figures)


1. Angsana New 16 point
Times Roman 12 point
2.
3. Field functions
4. Tab
5. (Table)
6. Microsoft Word 2007 Microsoft equation editor
Math Type
7. .doc .docx
.pdf .docx
4.6 (headings) 3
4.7 (abbreviations)

4.8 (footnotes)


(*)
4.9 (acknowledgement)

4.10 (tables)
1.
2. 1, 2, 3,
3.

4.
5. (footnotes) (*)


6.

4.11 (figures)
1.
2. ...
... Fig Fig. 1
3.

4.12 (references)
1.

2. 3
et al. and others

3.
.. , 2553 , 2553
(2553) (2553)
.. Chalorsuntisakul, 2010
Chalorsuntisakul (2010)

4.

()

() .........
.....................................................................................................................................................................
()

......................................................................
()
......................................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................................
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