Icosidodecahedron 1

http://www.mathematica.gr.
Leonardo da Vinci
(32-) . 30
. -
-
- quasiregular ,
( - ).
(0, 0, ),

12 ,
, 1+
,
2
2
1+ 5
.
2
:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icosidodecahedron
:
mathematica.gr
(http://www.mathematica.gr) .
mathematica.gr
11. (swsto)
12. (achilleas)
1. (Mihalis_Lambrou)
13. ( )
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14. (Demetres)
3. ( )
4. (k-ser)
5. ( )
1. (spyros)
6. (m.papagrigorakis)
2. (vittasko)
7. ( )
3. (p_gianno)
4. (kostas.zig)
1. (grigkost)
5. (exdx)
2. (cretanman)
6. ( )
1. ( )
7. (mathxl)
2. (lonis)
8. (mathnder)
3. ()
9. (mathematica)
4. (nkatsipis)
10. (rek2)
5. ( )
11. (hsiodos)
6. (chris_gatos)
12. (A.Spyridakis)
7. (gbaloglou)
13. ( )
8. (R BORIS)
14. (bilstef)
9. (Rigio)
15. ()
16. (xr.tsif)
10. (dement)
http://www.mathematica.gr
14 ( )
5
3
2
P (x) = x + x + x 6x 12
x2 1
1. +
1 ( )

x1 , x2 , x3 . y1 , y2 , y3
x1 y1 + x2 y2 + x3 y3 .
y1 , y2 , y3
x1 , x2 , x3 .
;
7 ( )
:
1.

2.
2
52 6
4+
15 +
A= + +
4 ( qwerty) 417 530 ;
= 102450 , = 5200 , = 24360

6 ( )

360 36h = 123 (1 h) 34567 .
15 (
)
= 90 .
E = 8, ZB = 6, ZB
AB.
9 ( )
x + y1 = 1 y + z1 = 1
xyz .
)
16 (
)
4
1. .
11 (
)
( ),

.
,,

,,.
12 ( )
= 15o ,
= 30o .
AB B
B , B =
.
A. BA
|x2 + x 2| = x3 1 |x + 1|.
3 ( ) 2001, 2002, 2003, , 2010

-
,
, 40
;

;

4 15 2 3 5
10 (

5 (
:
2
5+2 6
8 ( ) 2 =
2 + 2 , :
3
2 ( )

: ,
, 10
.

.

;
2.
P (x) x2 1
13 ( ) a >
0 a RQ,
1, a, a
(
).
17 ( )
.

AB A A = A B AB

.
18 ( )

2
+ = 6

+ 2 = 18 24

+ = 22 ,

1.
+ .
2.

3.
22 ( )
z
|z 4i| 2
|z 2i| = 2 .

z .
19 ( )

t = 0 x(t) =
t(t 4)2 + 3 t sec
x(t) m. :
1. t
.
2.

.
3.

.
4.

.
f (x) =
2 (x )2 ,
x +
2
3
2
x [0, )
x [, 3]
1. f
2.

, ,

21 ( math68)
:
, ,
,
23 ( )
f : R R 1-1
:
f (x2 ) (f (x))2
1
4
24 ( )
x
0

1
1, f (x) + f 1x
.
= 2(12x)
x(1x)
f .
, ,

26 ( ) f
[a, b], f (a) = a, f (b) = b

f (x) 1 x
(a, b), f (x) = x x
[a, b].
27 ( )
1. z1 , z2
.
2.
25 ( )
f : R (0, +)
:
f = f f;
,
.
K = z12012 z22015 + z1 2015 z22012

3. a =
z12012 z22015 b = z1 2015 z22012

.
G(x) =
x
0x
0x
f (t)dt , x [0, 1]
g(t)dt , x [0, 1]
f (t)G(t)dt , x [0, 1]
1. x (0, 1]
:
H(x) < F (x)G(x) .
2. x (0, 1)
:
H(x)
< H(1)
< 1.
F (x)
F (1)
1
3. H(1)+ g(t) F (t)dt = F (1) + G(1),

0
(0, 1)
:
4.
f ()
g()
()
= 1F
1G()
H 2 (x)
F (x)G(x)
x0+
lim
30 ( )
f (x) = (x ) ( x) , x R,
, ,

z 2 ( + 2) 3z + 5 + 6 = 0
F (x) =
H(x) =
20 ( )
29 (
)
f, g
[0, 1] : f (x) > 0, 0 < g(x) < 1,
x [0, 1]. :
F , G, H :
/2
0
sin x
1 k2 sin2 x
< , .
1. x (, )
f (x)
.
=
+
f (x)
x
x
2. f
Rolle
[, ] f
= +
+ +
.
3. I(, ) =
I(, ) =
f (x) dx.
I( + 1, 1) .
+1
4. , ,
, , , ,
: Cf ,
x = , x =
x x.
, ,

dx
k (0, 1).
28 ( xgastone) f ,
(0, )

f (/2)
= 0

f (x) =
1 + f 2 (x) . f .
, ,

31 ( )
z1 , z2 C |z1 | = |z2 | = 0.

:

xy = z1
xy = z2
32 ( )
f : (0, +) R
f (x) > 0
f (x) = x +
x (0, +).
f (x)
x
t
dt
2t
. Juniors
46 ( )

xy + y = y x + x .
33 (
)
9

;
39 ( Putnam 2009) A, B, C
A . (A B)C = BA1
C(A B) = A1 B .
34 ( )
: a, b, c , : a+ 1b = b+ 1c =
c + a1 = t, t R, :
t = abc.
40 (
)
f : [0, 1] R :
. Seniors
(1) f
[a, b] [0, 1].

(2) c R, f 1 (c) = {x
[0, 1] : f (x) = c} .
f .
35 ( )

(
),

.
36 ( )
0, a1 a2 a3 ... .

a1 , a2 , a3 , ... ;
41 ( ) n
N, ()

n
.
6k
k=0
42 ( giannis1990)
A M33 (R)
A2 + I = 0.
(i) = 3
(ii) AZ = EO
(iii) EOZ
38 (
2010) ABC
(O) I .
AI, BI, CI
(O), D, E, F, .
(O1 ), (O2 ), (O3 ),
ID, IE, IF ,
BC, AC, AB,
A1 , A2 B1 , B2 C1 , C2 , .
,
(O ).
47 ( )
y2
x2
+ 2 = 1.
2
a

B(x2 , y2 )
:
A(x1 , y1 )

y1 y2
x1 x2

x 1 x 2 y1 y2
2 + 2 1+ 2 + 2 + 1 = 2 .
a
48 (
:
(1 + tan 1 )(1 + tan 3 ) (1 + tan 43 ) <

211 <
(1 + tan 2 )(1 + tan 4 ) (1 + tan 44 )
37 (
2010) AB
AB = B = .
.
BA A
AE = AO B
B BZ = BO.
EZ , :
()
43 (

n
ln(n!)
n

,
(1)
ln
H
n+1
n=1
+

, Hn =
.
n
k=1
1
nk
44 ( MoV )
: N
N .
49 ( )

:

R,
,
5 , .
50 ( )
f
(, ) lim f (x) = lim f (x) =
xa+
k, k ,
(, )
f () = 0.
51 ( ) z
C |z 1| = 1,
z 2 .
52 (
)
z1 , z2 , z3 C |z1 | = |z2 | = |z3 | = r > 0,

45 (
)
51985 1
,
5100 .
|z1 z2 |2 + |z2 z3 |2 + |z3 z1 |2 9r 2 .

,
z1 , z2 , z3
.
http://www.mathematica.gr/forum/viewtopic.php?f=44&t=5362
x1 , x2 , x3 .
y1 , y2 , y3
x1 y1 + x2 y2 + x3 y3 .
y1 , y2 , y3
x1 , x2 , x3 . ;

: ,
, 10 .

.
;
1
y1 = 106 , y2 = 103 y3 = 1.
9- a1 b1 c1 a2 b2 c2 a3 b3 c3
x1 = a1 b1 c1 , x2 =
1
x .
x 10
. : x + x
10 = 2x 10 .
a2 b2 c2 , x3 = a3 b3 c3 .
2
,
x1 , x2 , x3 .
, ! ,
, , .
..., , , ...
!
: y1 , y2 , y3
x1 , x2 , x3 (
, ),
x1 y1 + x2 y2 + x3 y3 , x1 , x2 , x3 .
y1 = log 2, y2 = log 3, y3 = log 5 .
x1 y1 + x2 y2 + x3 y3 = log 2x1 3x2 5x3
2x1 3x2 5x3 .
x1 , x2 , x3 ,
.
:
. :
, ..
G
odel
.

2x 10 10 .
: 2x 10 +
2x 10 10 = 4x 30 .
,
. 4x 30
.
: 4x 30 + 4x 30 10 = 8x 70 .
, ,
....( ..)
: 8x 70 = 0 x = 70/8 x = 8, 75 ..
8,75. (
), , :
2 8, 75 10 = 7, 5 . ,
: 4 8, 75 30 = 5 ..
2
:
3 10 , 0
2
5
10 3
5
15 2 7,5
1 10 7,5
17,5
8,75
2 10 5
1
3
http://www.mathematica.gr/forum/posting.php?mode=edit&f=33&p=54144
2001, 2002, 2003, ..., 2010

- ,
, 40
;
;
3
.
4 qwerty
417 530 ;
T-REX
10 , -
40 - 66.
417 530 = (22 )17 530 = 234 530 = 24 (230 530 ) = 24 1030 = 16.1030
30+2 = 32 .
100
= 3300 = 33100 = 33
= 27100
25 < 27 < 32. 25100 < 27100 < 32100
<<
5
Revista matematica din Galati
.
= 102450 , = 5200 , = 24360
360 36h = 123 (1 h) 34567

1 x 1.
1 (1 h) 1.
123 > 0

1024 = 210 , 243 = 35 .
:
50
= 102450 = 210
= 21050 = 2500
200
=5
60
= 24360 = 35
= 3560 = 3300
123 (1 h) 123
34567
123 34567 (1 h) 34567 123 34567

34690 (1 h) 34567 34444

100
= 2500 = 25100 = 25
= 32100

100
= 5200 = 52100 = 52
= 25100
360 36h = 123 (1 h) 34567

, (1 h) 34567
-34690 -34444.
.

32

2

2
5
1
5 1
z = 2 3 5 = 2
+
2
2
2
2 2 =

2

5
1
5
1
2
=
2
2
2
2
2
2

5
3
5
3
5
1
x+yz =
+
+
2
+2
=
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
7
1.
2.
2
52 6
4+
2
5+2 6

15 + 4 15 2 3 5
1 Stavros11
5
2
2
3
2
5
2

3
6)
5+2 6 52
=

(5+2 6)(52 6)

1:
x
=
4
+
15
+
4 15,
2( 5+2 6 52 6)
=
x2 = 10 x = 10
2524
2 = 22 4 5
2: y = 10 2 3
5
,
y
= 2(5 + 2 6 5 2 6) =

2
2
2
30
10
5
=
224
54
52 2 5 5 +
5 =
4
= 2( ( 3) + 2 3 2 + ( 2)

= 22 4 5 4 5 5 = 2,
( 3)2 2 3 2 + ( 2)2 ) =

y= 2

= 2( ( 3 + 2)2 ( 3 2)2 =

8
= 2( 3 + 2 3 + 2) = 2 4 = 4
1
52
6
5+2 6
2(
2 = 2 + 2 , :
2 Stauroulitsa
A = 3 + 3 + 3
1: :

a
b=
a+c
a2 b =c2

x=
4+
15 =
4+1
2
41
2
ac
2

=
2

+
a3 + b3 + c3 = a(b2 + c2 ) + b3 + c3 =
ab2 + ac2 + b3 + c3 = b2 (a + b) + c2 (a + c) =
2
(a c)(a + c)(a + b) + (a b)(a + b)(a + c) =

41
5
3
4 15 = 4+1
2
2 =
2
2

(a + b)(a + c)(2a b c) .
12+8
z = 2 3 5 =
12 80 =
128
=
2
2
2
10 2
y=
c2 = (a b)(a + b) c3 = c(a b)(a + b).
x+yz =
+
+
10 + 2 = :
a3 + b3 + c3 = a3 + b3 + c(a b)(a + b) =
2 52 10 + 2 = 2

(a + b)(a2 ab + b2 ) + c(a b)(a + b) =

2 : x = 4 + 15 =

(a + b)(a2 ab + b2 + ac bc) =

2
2 2
2
2
2
5
3
5
3
+
+ 2 52 32 =
= (a + b)(b + c ab + b + ac bc) =
=
2
2
2 +
2
2

(a + b)[2b + c(a + c) b(a + c)] =
5
3
+
(a + b)[2(a2 c2 ) + c(a + c) b(a + c)] =
2
2

2

(a + b)[2(a c)(a + c) + c(a + c) b(a + c)] =
2
5
3
5 3
y =
4 15 =
+
=
(a + b)(a + c)(2a c b)
2
2
2 2
5
2
3
2
5
2
3
2
:
1
1 x = y1 1 y = z1 yz
= (1 x)(1 y)
1
yz = (1 x) y(1 x).
9
http://whttp://www.mathematica.gr/forum/viewtopic.php?f=19&t=9469
x + y1 = 1 y + 1z = 1 xyz .
1
yz
1
y
=1xy
1
yz
= x. xyz = 1.
10
1
xy + y + z1 = xy + 1 = y(x + y1 ) = y , http://www.mathematica.gr/forum/viewtopic.php?f=19&t=4858
|x2 + x 2| = x3 1 |x + 1|.
xy + 1z = 0, xyz = 1.
2 ... y + 1z =
1 yz + 1 = z yz z = 1 z(y 1) = 1 , x3 1 = |x2 +x2|+|x+1| 0
y 1 = 1z x + y1 = 1 xy + 1 = y xy = x 1. x2 + x 2 = (x 1)(x + 2) 0
y 1 xy = 1z xyz = 1 : y + 1z = 1 |x2 + x 2| = x2 + x 2, |x + 1| = x + 1.
x + y1 = 1 xy + 1 = y xy + y + 1z = y xy + 1z = x3 1 = |x2 + x 2| + |x + 1| x 1
x3 1 (x2 + x 2) (x + 1) = x(x2 x 2) =
0 xyz = 1
3
x(x + 1)(x 2) = 0. , -1, 0, 2,
, :
2.
11
A1 = A2 = K1 = K2 =
= A = B.
(= )
http://mathematica.gr/forum/viewtopic.php?p=41418

( ),
.
,,
,,.
. 1 = 2 = 1 .
= B, O = O 1 = 1
1 = B1 . .
12
http://www.mathematica.gr/forum/viewtopic.php?p=44281
= 30o .
= 15o ,
AB B
B , B = A. .
BA
1
= 30
= 15 ,
B
, = .
, > ,
= 120
. AE
= 135 = 120 = 15 .
EAB
= 360 + 15 = 360 165 , Z

0 < < 135 = 15 .
3

= 30 AKB
= 60
. AK
.
.
= .
,
= 15 .
BA
2
. : :
A
15
BE
A
=
=
.
15
BE
A
30
A
A
=
=
,
30
(15 + )
A
(15 + )
= 75 , .
AE
(--),
. (- = 15 .
), , BA
: : ,
(2 ), ,
30
1
215
15
:
=
(15 + )
(15 + )
15 + 15 = 2 15
15 15 = 0
(15 ) = 0 .
:
13
a > 0 a R Q,
1,
a, a
( ).

P (x) = x5 + x3 + x2 6x 12
x2 1
1. +
2. P (x)
x2 1
a1 + kd = 1 (1)
a1 + ld = a (2)
a1 + md = a (3).
1,
x2 1 =
(x 1) (x + 1) 1 1
x = 1 : x5 + ax3 +
(2) (1) (3) (1)
(k l)d = a 1 (m k)d = a 1.
kl
1, a .
mk
14
1, a, a k +
1, l + 1, m + 1 .
a=
a1
kl
=
mk
a1
9
x2 6x 12 = 0 1 + a + 6 12 = 0 a + =
17, (1). x = 1 : x5 + ax3 + x2 6x 12 =
0 1 a + + 6 12 = 0 a = 7, (2).
(1) (2) a + b = 17 b a = 7 b = 12
a = 5.
x5 + 5x3 + 12x2 6x 12 = (x2 1)(x3 + 6x + 12)
x3 + 6x + 12.
2,

(x) = ( 5)x + 12
(x) = x3 + ( + 1)x + .

, = 5
=
+
= 5 + 12 = 17
12.
(x) = x3 + ( + 1)x + = x3 + 6x + 12.
15
http://mathematica.gr/forum/viewtopic.php?p=45740
= 90 .
E = 8, ZB = 6, ZB
AB.

2 = 22 64 2
8 = 2 2 64

64 22 36 = 22 64 2 2 2 = 1152 (1).
:
2

2 + 2 = 64 2 + 2 = 80 (2).
(1), (2) 2 , 2
2 80t + 1152 = 0 2 < 2 :
: t
2
= 40 + 4 28.
3
x . B =
2x ZB
= B
= 45 ZB
= ZB
= .
ZB
.
ZH = H = 6 + y
Z = 2 (6 + y).
2
: x2 = y 2 + (6 + y) (1).
x
2 (6 + y)
= x2 = 8 (6 + y) (2).
8
2x
2
(1), (2)
: y + 2y 6 = 0
1
y =
7 1, (2)
, AE = = EBZ
2
E. = x = 40 + 8 7 ..
EB = 45 .
16
6
, (1)
(45 ) =
8 + ZE
4 1.
.
=
ZE
, (2)
6
ZE = 2 7 4

E = a2 = 40 + 8 7
2

. =, =,
=.
BE = 2 AE = a 2.
: 1 Eukleidis
10
.
2
(AB) = 1 + 4 2

1
2 2 (AB) = 7
2
5
3
25 3
, (AB) =
,
+ = 7.
2 2
4
4
3

, .

( ).

, , 3, 3
. 1

= 27 . , = 7.
4
T1 = T2 , T3 = T4
7-

(AB)2 3
.
= 7 1 4 3 (AB) =
4
7.
6

. , ,
( ).
2, , 3, .
1
: 3 2 + = x x, 7a2 = x2 x = a 7.
7

.
.

2..120
= 2 3 , (1).
() =
2

() =
t(t a)(t 2a)(t x)
t t = 3a+x
2 ,
:
(9a2 x2 )(x2 a2 )
(AB) =(A) + (B) =
4 + 3 = 7 AB =
22
+ 2
2
3
2
5
.
() =
(2)
4
x > 3.
(1) (2)
x4 10a2 x2 + 21a4 = 0,
x2 = 3a2 x2 = 7a2 .
x2 = 7a2 , x = a 7.
8
,
Euler :

11

. .

.
2
( ) 3,
.
2 =
Euler : 22 + 2(2a)
2 2
2
2
2
2
2
(a 3) + x 10a = 3a + x 7a = x x = 7.
9
.
ABE, BCZ, CAD,

.
(ABE) = (BCZ) = (CAD) =
2(DEZ).

,
( =
),
(AB)2
(ABC)
=
= 7 =
(DEZ)
(DE)2
7, ( DE = 1 ) .
10
AB =
7
3
=
3
2 7
AP
( )
=
60
7
P
1
P
3
=
P = , = 2
3
3
). AP =
(ABC) = 7(DEZ),
2 7

AB A A = A B AB

.
-

= 0 A = AB A//AB
, = 0.
= 0, AB

A = 0 ABA A B = 0 AB.
.
17
18

AB A = A B =
: A = AB ( :
=
, , = = 0).
12
2
+ = 6

+ 2 = 18 24

+ = 22 ,
4
2 + 4
+ 2 = 144 (1)
+ 2 = 12

2
+ 2
= 144
2 +
+ 2 = 144

4
+ 4 2 = 144 (2)

(1) (2): 4
2 + 4
+ 2 =
2 +
2 3
2 =3 2
2 = 2
4
+ 4

2

2
|
| = |
| = (3)

2
+
=
+ = 8
+ = 64

64
2
2=
+ 2 = 64 2
= 64
2 +2
2 +2
= 32
2 +
2
2=
= 144
2 + 4
(1) 5
2 = 16
:
2
| = 4
|
| = 16 |

1.
+ .
2.
.
3.
1.

= 3
+ 3 = (2
+ ) + (
+ 2)

2
+ +
+ 2 24 24
62
2
62
24 +
24 0 6( 2) 0 = 2

+ = 8

+ 2 = 12,
+ = 8 2
+ =
12,

2
+
= 144
12 2
+ = 144 2
2.
=2 : 2
+ =
3.
(3) |
| = 4 =
+ = 8 = |
| +
:
2. (t) = 0
19
... t =

t 0 x(t) = t(t 4)2 + 3
t sec x(t) m. :
: (t) =
(t) = 6t 16, t 0,

,
1. t
.

= 8 m sec2 , (4) = 8 m sec2
4
4
t > 0 (t) < 0
< t < 4,
3
3

4
t 0,
(4, +)
3

4
t
, 4 .
3
t <
3.
.
4. t0
.
4. (t) = 0
8
t = sec.
3
x (t) =
1. : (t) = x (t) = 3t2

16t + 16, t 0, :
(0) = 16 m/sec
4
3
3. v > 0
v < 0. : (t) > 0 0
2.

.

:
t3 8t2 + 16t + 3, t 0.
4
sec t = 4 sec
3
(4)
,
0, ,
() t 0.
13
20
1. .
f (x) =
2. ,

1.
(x ) , x [0, )
x + 3 ,
x [, 3]
2
2
1. f
2.

-
a2
4
4+
4
+ 12 2a a = 1 a2 = 4+
a = 2 4+
2
E = a4
2
2
E = 12 2a a = a2 = 4a4 > a4 = E

[, 3]. x =
. 3

3a
2
1/2.
2
12 (3a ) = 12 ( 3a) = 2 =
3a
2 = 3a
2 =3
2 4+
4+
21 math68
1.
< 0.
z 2 3( + 2)z + 5 + 6 = 0.
= 32 8 12 = 1 = 4
. = 1
C :
z 2 ( + 2) 3z + 5 + 6 = 0
,
.
1. z1 , z2 .
z 2 3z+1 = 0, z1,2 =
3 1
2 2i
2. z1 = 23 + 12 i z2 = 23 12 i. (
z1 = 23 12 i z2 = 23 + 12 i ) z13 = i
z23 = i
K = z12012 z22015 + z12015 z22012 =
2. :
1
z12012 z22015
K = z12012 z22015 + z1 2015 z22012

3.
a = z12012 z22015 b = z1 2015 z22012

.
1
z12015 z22012
z13 +z23
z12015 z22015
ii
12015
=0
3. a = z12012 z22015 = z 20121z 2015 = z 2012 z12012 z 3 =

1
2
1
2
2
1
1
2012 = i = i
3
z2 (z1 z2 )
= z12015 z22012 =
1
z13 (z1 z2 )2012
1
i
1
z22012 z12015
= i
1
z12012 z22012 z13
A(0, 1)

14
B(0, 1) A, B . |z|max =
O(0, 0).
(OK
1 ) = 4 z = 4i |z|
min = (OA) = (OB) =
(OK1 )2 R12 =
22
16 4 = 2 3
|z 4i| 2
|z 2i| = 2
z .
chris
|z 4i| 2 z

C1 K1 (0, 4)
R1 = 2 |z 2i| = 2
z K2 (0, 2) R2 = 2
. z

AB
23
f : R R 1-1
2
: f (x2 ) (f (x)) 14 ;

1
x 1x
(
)
:
giannisn1990

1 x2
x
1
f : R R 1-1 f (x2 )
+f
=2
(1)
f
1x
x1
x
f 2 (x) 14 , 0 1
1
f 2 (1) f (1) + 14 0 f 2 (0) f (0) + x 1x (1) (
1
1 2
) :
4 0 2 (f (0) 2 ) +
1 2
1
(f (1) 2 ) 0 f (0) = f (1) = 2

x(x 2)
x
1-1 1=0
x1
+ f (x) = 2
1x
(2)
24

(2) (1)

x 0
f (x)f
1, f (x) + f
f .
1
1x
2(12x)
x(1x) .
1
1x
x+1

= 2 xx(1x)
f (x) = x+1
x1
.
15
25
f : R (0, +)
: f = f f ;
,
f (x) > 0 x R. x
f (x) f (f (x)) > 0, x R f (x) > 0 f
R [1] f (x) > 0 [1]
f (f (x)) > f (0) f (x) > f (0) (f (x) xf (0)) >

0 f (x) xf (0) R x < 0 f (x)
xf (0) < f (0) 0f (0) f (x) < (1 + x)f (0)
x < 0 [2] f (x) > 0 f (0) > 0.
x < 1 [2],
f [a, b], f (a) = a, f (b) = b

f (x) 1 x (a, b),
f (x) = x x [a, b].
1,
g
g(x) = f (x) x x g ()
g (x) g () g (x) = 0 f (x) = x, x [, ]

2,
x0 f (x0 ) = k
= x0 . k > x0
[a, x0 ] f () 1
k
x0
26
[x0 , b] f () 1
f ()f (x0 )
x0
1
x0 [a, b]
f (x) = x
:
2
k
tan2 = 1k
2 sin = k
27
http://www.mathematica.gr/forum /viewtopic.php?f=54&t=8057&p=46212
/2
0
k (0, 1).
sin x
1k 2 sin2 x
I=
dx,
/2
sin x
dx
(1k 2 )+k 2 cos2 x

/2
sin x
1

dx
2
1k 2 0
1+ k 2 cos2 x
I=
1+k
1
ln
2k 1 k
2
1k
cos x = tan u, u [0, ],

1k 2
(0, /2)
k
tan = 1k
(0, +).
2

1
1
1k 2 1
I = 1k2 0 1+tan
du =
2u
k
cos2 u

cos u
cos u
cos u
1
1
= k1 0 1sin
= 2k
2 u du
k 0 cos2 u du
0 sin u1
cos u
1
1sin
sin u+1 du = 2k ln 1+sin
k
16
1 k xo k < x0
k
x0 1 k x0
f (x0 ) = x0 ,
f (x0 )f ()
x0
k(0,1)
xdx
=
1k 2 +k 2 2 x
0

2
x=t 1k
2
k2
xdx
1

=

k
1k2
+ 2 x xdx= 1k2 dt
0
k2
k2

2
k

1k2
1k2

dt
1
k2

=
k
1k2
1k2 2
+ 2 t
0
k2
k
1
k
1
k
k2
1k2

0
dt
1+t2

ln t + 1 + t2
=

0
k2
1k2
1
2k
ln 1+k
1k
f (x)
= g
(x) g(x), x (0, )

=f
=0
g
28 xgastone

(x) =
(x) = 1 + 2 g (x) g (x)
f
f
2
g(x)
f , (0, )

f (x)

f (/2) =
0 f (x) = f (x) = 1 + f 2 (x) g (x) 1+f
2 (x) = g (x)

2
1 + f (x) . f .
1 = g (x) g (x) = x + c x = /2
g 2 = 2 + c g 2 = 2 + c 0 = c c =

0
g

f (x) = g (x) f (x) = (x),

f (x)
=
1
f (x) = 1 + f 2 (x)
.
1 + f 2 (x)
g (x)
x
29
http://www.mathematica.gr/forum/viewtopic.php?f=55&p=39775
f, g [0, 1]
: f (x) > 0, 0 < g(x) < 1, x [0, 1].
: F , G, H :
x
F (x) = 0 f (t) dt , x [0, 1]
x
G(x) = 0 g(t) dt , x [0, 1]
x
H(x) = 0 f (t) G(t) dt , x [0, 1]

1. x (0, 1] :
H(x) < F (x)G(x) .

2. x (0, 1) :
H(1)
H(x)
<
<1 .
F (x)
F (1)
3.
H(1) +
1
g(t) F (t)dt = F (1) + G(1),
1 F ()
f ()
=
.
g()
1 G()
x0+
x
H(x) =

[0, 1]
x
f (t)G(t)dt H (x) = f (x)G(x) > 0

x (0, 1], H
H(0) = 0
(0, 1].
0
1. w(x) = H(x) F (x)G(x),

x [0, 1], : w (x) =
H (x) F (x)G(x) F (x)G (x) = g(x)F (x).
x
F (x) = 0 f (t)dt
[0, 1], x > 0 F (x) > F (0)
0
F (x) > 0 f (t)dt F (x) > 0 0 <
g(x) < 1 x [0, 1]
w (x) = g(x)F (x) < 0 x (0, 1],
w
[0, 1] (0)=0 x > 0
w(x) < w(0) H(x) F (x)G(x) < 0 H(x) <

F (x)G(x) x (0, 1].
(0, 1) :
4. : lim
G(x) = 0 g(t)dt G (x) = g(x) > 0

x [0, 1] G [0, 1]
G(0) = 0
x (0, 1].
2. u(x) =
:
H 2 (x)
F (x) G(x)
H(x)
F (x) ,
x (0, 1].

(x)
H (x)F (x)H(x)F (x)
= H (x)F (x)H(x)F
=
F 2 (x)
F 2 (x)
f (x)G(x)F (x)H(x)f (x)
f (x)(G(x)F (x)H(x))
=
> 0,
F 2 (x)
F 2 (x)
u (x) =
=
(0, 1]
x
F (x) = 0 f (t)dt F (x) = f (x) > 0

x [0, 1] F [0, 1]
F (0) = 0
x (0, 1].
17
H(x)
, x < 1 u(x) < u(1) F (x) <

H(1)
F (1) x (0, 1). H(x) < F (x)G(x)
x (0, 1], H(1) < F (1)G(1)
.
x
F (x) = 0 f (t)dt
x

0 < 1 F (0) <
0
F (1) 0 f (t)dt < F (1) 0 < F (1).
H(1) < F (1)G(1) (
F (1) > 0)
H(1)
F (1)
M tdt H(x) M x2 , x [0, 1].

x (0, 1] : H(x) < F (x)G(x)
H(x)
: F (x)G(x) < 1
0
< G(1).

(1)1.
q(x) = G(x) x, x [0, 1].
q (x) = G (x) 1 q (x) = g(x) 1,
0 < g(x) < 1 g(x) 1 < 0
x [0, 1], q (x) < 0,
q [0, 1], q(1) <
H(x)
F (x)G(x)
H(x) < H(x)
(H(x))2
F (x)G(x)
< H(x) ,
(H(x))2
: 0 < F (x)G(x) <

2
H(x) M x2 , x (0, 1] , :
0 <
(H(x))2
F (x)G(x)
M x2 im M x2 = 0
x0+
,
2
H (x)
lim F (x)G(x)
=0
q(0)
+
0 G(1) 1 < G(0) 0 G(1) 1 <
x0
g(t)dt
G(1)
<
1
,
0
H(x)
H(1)
30
x (0, 1) : F (x) < F (1) < 1.
3. v(x) = (1 F (x))(1 G(x)), x [0, 1].

:
f (x) = (x ) ( x)
1
H(1) = 0 f (t)G(t)dt =
1
x R, < , .
=
0 F (t)G(t)dt
1
[F (x)G(x)]10 0 F (t)G (t)dt =
1. x (, )
1
F (1)G(1) 0 F (t)g(t)dt
f (x)
=
+
1
f (x)
x x
F (1)+G(1) = H(1)+ g(t)F (t)dt F (1)+G(1) =
F (1)G(1)
1
0
F (t)g(t)dt +
1
0
g(t)F (t)dt
F (1) + G(1) = F (1)G(1)

F (1) + G(1) F (1)G(1) 1 = 1
F (1) (1 G(1)) (1 G(1)) = 1
(1 G(1)) (F (1) 1) = 1
(1 G(1)) (1 F (1)) = 1,
v(1) = (1 F (1))(1 G(1)) = 1
v(0) = (1 F (0))(1 G(0)) = 1.
4. v(x) = (1 F (x))(1 G(x)),
x [0, 1] Rolle,
(0, 1) :
2. f
Rolle [, ]
f = + + +
.
3. I (, ) =
f (x) dx.
I (, ) =
I ( + 1, 1)
+1
4. , ,
, , , , :
Cf , x = , x =
x x
v () = 0

v(x) = (1 F ()) (1 G()) + (1 F ())(1
G()) = 0
1. f (x) = (x ) ( x) ,

F ()(1 G()) (1 F ())G () = 0
, [, ]
F () + F ()G() G () + F ()G () = 0
(, ) :
f () + f ()G() = g() F ()g()
f (x) = (x )1 ( x) (x ) ( x)1 .
f () (1 G()) = g() (1 F ())
x (, ) f (x)
= 0, :
f ()
1F ()
f (x)
(x)1 (x) (x) (x)1
=
=
g() = 1G()
f (x)
(x) (x)
5. q(x) = G(x) x, x [0, 1]

[0, 1], x > 0
g(x) < q(0) G(x) x < 0 G(x) < x,
x [0,
1]. M [0, 1]
0 f (t) M
t [0, 1]
0 G(t) x
: f (t) G(t) M t
x t [0, 1]
: 0 f (t) G(t)dt
18
(x)1 (x)
(x) (x)
(x) (x)
(x) (x)1
(x) (x)
2. f () = f () = 0,
[, ],
Rolle,
(, ) f () = 0
( )1 ( ) ( ) ( )1 = 0
( )1 ( ) = ( ) ( )1
( ) = ( ) =
= ( + ) = ( + )
= +
+ = + + +
3. :

I (, ) = f (x)dx =
(x)+1

[(x
)
(
x)
]dx
=
( x) dx =
+1

(x)+1
x)
+1

(x)+1
( x)1 ( x) dx =
+1
+1
( x)1 dx = +1
I ( + 1, 1)
+1 (x )
I(, ) = +1
I( + 1, 1) =
1
+1 +2 I( + 2, 2) = ... =
2
1
1
= +1
+2 +3 ... + I ( + , 0) =

+
2
1
1
( x)0 dx =
= +1
+2 +3 ... + (x )

(x)++1
2
1
1
=
= +1
+2 +3 ... +
++1
=
=
+1
+1
2
+3
2
+3
...
...
1
+
1
+
()++1
++1
1
++1 (
=
)++1
, f (x) 0,
:
E =
= +1
4.
:
1
+2
1
+2
|f (x)| dx
1 2
+2 +3 ...

= f (x)dx = I (, ) =
1
1
+
++1
( )++1
31
http://www.mathematica.gr/forum/viewtopic.php?p=52685#p52685
z1 , z2 C |z1 | = |z2 |
= 0.
:
xy = z1
xy = z2
2az2 z1 + z2
,
z1 + z2
2a
a R
32
http://www.mathematica.gr/forum/viewtopic.php?p=26850#p26850
f : (0, +) R f (x) > 0
f (x)
t
1

xy = z1
, |z1 | = |z2 | = > 0, x, y, z1 , z2 =
0
x
y = z2
y
z1
y = z2 (1).

xy = z1
, |z1 | = |z2 | = > 0, x, y, z1 , z2 =
0
x
y = z2
z1
x
x
= z2 (2)
f (x) = x +
2t
dt
x (0, +).
1
(1) (2)
, x, y .
2
x, y 0,

z2
z1 x
,
=
:
x x
z1
.
z1 x
= x (x, y) =
z z2 =
1
ai, i a R
a
.
z
z1
2
=

:
x
z2
z1
=
y= ,
x x
+x
z1 + z2

y=
2
, Rex = a : Imx = zz11 z
+z2 ai , a R

: (x, y) =

f (x)
f (x)
sin t
dt = x
2t
x
1
sin t
dt.
2t
sin x
g (x) = 1
> 0, x > 0.
2x
g 1 1 ( . )
g[f (x)] = g(x) x, f (x) = x, x > 0.
.
2
x
|x| < |x| , x
= 0 1 < x < 1, x
1
(0, +) x
2x < 2 < 1, x > 0, (1)
g (x) =
t
dt, a, t, x
2t
Imx
2
+ 2Rex
i = z1z+z
.
a
2

(0, +). f (x) =
z2
z2
Imx
Rex = z +z z +z i , x + g (f (x)) g (x) f (x) x = g (f (x)) g (x),
2
1
2
1
z1 z2
, Imx
(2)
Rex = z1 +z2 i
y=
z1
x,
1
2
x
19
x0 (0, +)
f (x0 )
= x0 ,
f (x0 ) , x0 ... g ,

f(x)

t
|f (x) x| =
dt

x 2t
f(x)
f(x)

1
1
g (f (x0 )) g (x0 )
t dt
2 dt 2 |f (x) x|
x 2t
, g () =
x
f (x0 ) x0
.
(2)
= 1, (1) f (x) = x, x > 0. : f (x) > 0
2

33
http://www.mathematica.gr/forum/viewtopic.php?f=49&t=8906&start=0
9
;
stavros11
A = abcd N .
: 9A = dcba 9abcd = dcba a
= 0, d
= 0

, A 1111 (
1112 9 ).
a d : 1001 A 1111
a = 1 d = 9.
b 0 1.
dcba
9 ( dcba = 9A A N ),
9.
9/a + b + c + d. :9/10 +
b + c. b = 1 c = 7 A = 1179. ,
A < 1112.
b = 0, c = 8 A = 1089.
1089 1089 9 = 9801.
34
: a, b, c , . : a + 1b = b + 1c = c + a1 =
t, t R, : t = abc
chris
ab2 c + ab + 1
1
+ abc =
=
b
b
1
abc(b + c ) + 1
abct + 1
=
(1)
b
b
t + abc = a +
abct + 1
abct + 1
abct + 1
=
=
b
a
c

a
= b
= c
= 0 abct = 1 (1)
.
35
,
,
.
( ), ,
- ( ) , .
.
1
,

20
. , ,
(). ,

.

, ,
= = .
36
0, a1 a2 a3 ... .

a1 , a2 , a3 , ...
;

2
Hilbert.
, ,
. a1 , a2 , a3 , . . .,
= = .
A = {0, 1, 2, 3, . . . , 9}. ,
,
AB + M N AM + BN (1).
, .
,
+<(+)+(+), :
+ < , , +, (1). . b1 , b2 . . . , bn b1 <
, , b2 < < bn
. , () ,
: b1 b2 . . . bn b1 b2 . . . bn b1 b2 . . . bn . . ..
.
.
() b1 b2 . . . bn
> 3.
.
37 2010
AB AB =
B = . .
BA A
AE = AO B
B BZ = BO . EZ
, :

a2 + 2 =
2
(2a) 2 = 3a2 = a 3
EO Z. (ii)
=, =
= OBA
.
AOB
(i) = 3
(ii) AZ = EO
(iii) EOZ
1
(=,
= Z O
= =). E A
===,
= B EO
ABO
=
. AB
=, .
OBA
== .
21
(i) : = , =
= , . ,
= ZO
( = ).
EA
+ OZ
= EA
+ OZ
= ZE
= 60 ,
ZO
= 120 .
. ZO
= OB
= 30 . OB

= 30 =
= 3.
(ii) ,
= 60 .
= AOB
=
: = , = AOZ
= 60 ,
EBO
.
, = ,
EBO
.
AOZ
A1 A2 , XL ,
= 60
(iii) OAB
O OI, O

, EOA = 30 , EOB = (O),
30 + 60 = 90 , .
IXLO.
38 2010
ABC (O)
I . AI, BI, CI
(O), D, E, F, .
(O1 ), (O2 ), (O3 ), ID, IE, IF , BC, AC, AB,
A1 , A2 B1 , B2 C1 , C2 , .
,
(O ).
,
B1 B2 , C1 C2 , (
Y M, ZN,
), O .
P AI EF IEP +
A + B + C
= 90o = IP E = 90o
EIP =
2
IP F = 90o
P
(O2 ), (O3 ).
(O1 ), (O2 ),
B1 B2 , P I, C1 C2 A, (AB1 )
(AB2 ) = (AP ) (AI) = (AC1 ) (AC2 ) , (1)
(1)
B1 B2 C1 C2 (O )
O , ,
1
L, M, N, BC, AC, AB B1 B2 , C1 C2 ,
X, Y, Z, - .

(I), .
A1 A2 B1 B2 , A1 A2 C1 C2 ,
ID (O1 )
(O ) .
X, L
2
A1 A2 ,

A1 A2 , ,
XL
3
( ).
A, B, C u2 , v 2 , w2
ABC
22
D, E, F, I 2 2 ( wv, wu, uv, wv wu uv . )

z
zA A1 A2 K zA |zA zK | = zA I
w2 + v 2 zA
OI zA =
A1 , A2 BC
v 2 w2
IA1 , DA1 IA2 , DA2
zA zI
I |u| = |v| = |w| = 1
zA zD
m = m
m I
mathematica u, v, w
(u2 (v + w) + vw(v + w) + u(v 2 + vw + w2 ))/(uvw)

.
39 Putnam 2009
[a, b] [0, 1].
A, B, C A
. (A B)C = BA1
C(A B) = A1 B .

AC BC = BA1 AC BC + I =
BA1 + I , I .
A (A B)(C + A1 ) =
AC BC + I BA1 = I . A B
C + A1 . I =
(C + A1 )(A B) = C(A B) + I A1 B
C(A B) = A1 B .
40
f : [0, 1] R :
(1) f
(2) c R, f 1 (c) = {x [0, 1] : f (x) = c}

.
f .

x f .
> 0 (xn ), (n ) lim dn = 0,
|x xn | < n |f (x) f (xn )| n.
n f (xn ) f (x) +
n f (xn ) f (x) .
f (xn ) f (x) + n.
(1) Dn x, xn
sn Dn f (sn ) = f (x) + .
lim sn = lim xn = x sn
f 1 (f (x) + ) (2)
lim sn = x f 1 (f (x) + ), f (x) = f (x) + ,
. f .
41
( ), :

n N, ()

n
k=0
6k

n
n
n 2
n n
(1 + x) =
+
x+
x + +
x .
0
1
2
n
n
x x, x

2 x ,
23
.
1 + + 2 = 0.
xk k
3, 3 = 1.
42 giannisn1990
A M33 (R)
(1 +
+ (1 +
+ (1 +
=

n n 3 n 6
A2 + I = 0.
3 0 + 3 x + 6 x + .
x = +1 x = 1 .

. A2 = I , det(A2 ) =
det(I) = 1 (det(A))2 = 1,
2n + (1 + )n + (1 + 2 )n + (1 )n + (1 2 )n
.
(det(A))2 0. .
6
x)n
2 x)n
x)n
ln(n + 1)
(n + 1)sn
43
http://www.mathematica.gr/forum/memberlist.php?mode=viewprole&u=54

n
ln(n!)
,
(1)
ln Hn+1
n=1
n
n
, Hn =
k=1
n+1
sn
(1).
x
,
1sn
1 1 ...,

n+1 , n n+1 , n1 ,

+

sn+1
n+1
n
sn
1
n-
k
n+1
s ln(sn )
sn = n
n(n + 1)
sn ln(sn )
ln(sn )
(2).
n(n + 1)
(n + 1)2
n+1
-

ln(s )
ln(n + 1)
(2) (1)
n
sn ln(sn ) (n + 1) ln(n + 1)
ln(n!)
(n + 1)2
(n + 1)sn
, n N,
an :=
ln Hn+1
n s n+1 s n+1 s
n+1 s
n s n+1 s
,
n
n
n+1
n
n
n+1 .
n
n+
Hn+1 ln(n + 1)
Hn+1
1
ln(n + 1)
Stirling
lim an = lim
n+
n+

n
n
ln 2n ne

,
ln ln(n + 1)
() Bernoulli,
0 1.
44 MoV
LHospital 0.
Leibniz
.
http://www.mathematica.gr/forum/memberlist.php?mode=viewprole&u=89
ln Hn+1

, an , n N,
, n ln(n!), : N N .
n N, n.
1
sn := ln(n!),

n+1
x = 0, 1 2 ... [0, 1)
n+1 s
sn + ln(n + 1) =
n+1 =
.
x
1

()
ln(n+1) n+1
n+1 s
:
n 1+
sn
n+1
sn
ln(n + 1)
1+
(n + 1)sn
ln(n + 1)
sn +
(n + 1)sn
n+1
21+1 , 21+1 31+2 , 21+1 31+2 51+3 , . . .

24
.
1-1
[0, 1)

.

[0, 1)
Cantor .
2
X .
g : X [0, 1] X .
g() = 0, (1) (2) . . ., n
n 10.
x = 0, x1 x2 . . . [0, 1], :
N N; (n) = 10n + xn X
g() = x, g .
3 MoV
Cantor :
: N N :
(0 )n := (0,0 , 0,1 , 0,2 , . . .)

(1 )n := (1,0 , 1,1 , 1,2 , . . .)
(2 )n := (2,0 , 2,1 , 2,2 , . . .)
.............................................
n := n,n + 1 + n1 0 = 0,0 ,
n = n +
n+1 n =
n

i,i
i=0
n+1,n+1 + 1
> 0 -
(ai )n . .
4
N.
, N
( N
).
N.
P(N)
N ,
.
x(x 5199 ) + 3x 5199 + 1 x + 0 + 1 5100
45
(51985 1) ,
5100 .

()
1985.
46
x5 1 = (x 1)(x4 + x3 + x2 + x + 1).

xy + y = y x + x .
x4 + x3 + x2 + x + 1 = (x2 + 3x + 1)2 5x(x + 1)2 .

x = 5397 , x4 + x3 + x2 + x + 1 = (x2 + 3x + 1)2

2
398
1)2 5199 (x + 1) =
5 (x + 1)2 = (x2 + 3x +

x2 + 3x + 1 5199 (x + 1) x2 + 3x + 1 + 5199 (x + 1)
,

5 1 = (x 1) x2 + 3x + 1 5199 (x + 1)
x

2
x + 3x + 1 + 5199 (x + 1)

2
199
x 1, x + 3x + 1 + 5 (x + 1)
5100 .
,

x2 + 3x + 1 5199 (x + 1) =

(x, y) = (c, c), (c, 1), (1, c), c N
(x, y) = (2, 3), (3, 2).
.
, x = 2 y > x, xy y x (
f (x) = lnxx
x = e f (2) = f (4)) y > x, xy + y > y x + x,
.
3 x < y , f (x)
xy > y x y > x
.
25
47
Cauchy-Schwarz....

x2
a2
y2
+
11=1
= 1.
A(x1 , y1 )
B(x2 , y2 ) :
x x

x x
1 2 y1 y2

1 2 y1 y2
2 + 2 1 + 2 + 2 + 1 = 2 .
a
1
(*) :
(x2 , y2 )
1 xa1 x2 2 + y1b2y2 1.
x2
a2
(x1 , y1 ),
+
= 1
y2
b2
+
1 = 12 2xa12x2 + 2y12y2 2

x21
y12
x22
y22
2y1 y2
1 2x1 x2
+
2
2
2
a2
2
a2
2
a 2

2
y12 2y1 y2 +y22
1 x1 2x1 x2 +x2
+
=
2
2
a2

2
2
(x
x
)
(y
y
)
1
2
+ 1 2 2
0
12
a2
y1 y2
2
+10

x 1 x 2 y1 y2
y y
a2 + 2 1 + xa1 x2 2 + 1 22 + 1 =
xa1 x2 2 y1 y22 + 1 + xa1 x2 2 + y1 y22 + 1 = 2
x1 x2
a2
y1 y2
|
x21
a2
y12
2
x22
a2
y22
2
y y
y y
: | xa1 x2 2 + 1 22 | 1 1 xa1 x2 2 + 1 22 1
:
x1 x2
a2
x1 x2
a2
+
+
y1 y2
2
y1 y2
2
1
1
| xa1 x2 2 + y1 y22 1| + | xa1 x2 2 + y1 y22 + 1| =

1 xa1 x2 2 + y1 y22 + 1 + xa1 x2 2 + y1 y22 = 2
48
(*) 1 c 1 |c1|+|c+1| = (1c)+(c+1) = 2

(**) Ax + By = 1
( Ax + By > 1) ( Ax + By < 1).
2 manos66

y1 y2
2
| xa1 xa2
:
x2 x2 , y2 y2 (
(0, 0)).

y y
(x1 , y1 ) xa12x + b12 = 1,
y1 y
x1 x
a2 + b2 < 1 (x, y)
(**) ( (0, 0)
(x1 , y1 ),
(x2 , y2 )).
x1 x2
a2
y1 y2
2 |
| xa1 x2 2
(1 + tan 1 )(1 + tan 3 ) (1 + tan 43 ) < 211 <

(1 + tan 2 )(1 + tan 4 ) (1 + tan 44 )
1
sin()+cos()
1 + tan () =
= 2 sin(45+)
cos()
cos() =
cos(45)
cos()
(1 + tan (1)) (1 + tan (3)) .. (1 + tan (43)) =

22 cos(44) cos(42)
cos(2)
2
cos(1) cos(3) .. cos(43)
=
211
cos(2)
cos(1)
cos(4)
cos(3)
..
cos(44)
cos(43)
< 211
(1 + tan (2)) (1 + tan (4)) .. (1 + tan (44)) =

22 cos(43) cos(41)
cos(1)
2
cos(2) cos(4) .. cos(44)
=
211
cos(1)
cos(2)
cos(3)
cos(4)
..
cos(43)
cos(44)
> 211
2 :
(1 + tan 1 )(1 + tan 3 ) (1 + tan 43 ) <

211! <

!

(1 + tan 2 )(1 + tan 4 ) (1 + tan 44 )

!

0 < A < C .
:
44
1 + tan 1 = 1 + tan(45 44 ) = 1 + 1tan
1+tan 44 =
2
(1 + tan 1)(1 + tan 44 ) = 2
1+tan 44o

A C = (1 + tan 1 )(1 + tan 44 ) (1 + tan 2 )(1 +

tan 43 ) . . . (1 + tan 22 )(1 + tan 23 ) = 222
A < C A2 < AC < C 2 A2 < 222 < C 2 A < 211 < C
26
49
http://www.mathematica.gr/forum/viewtopic.php?f=61&p=41303#p41303

:

R, ,
5 ,
.

,
.
...
. , , , , , ...
. ... ( ) ,

, .
1

mathematica
. :
R.
;
.. 5 ;
2
, !
1
1 2
x + (x), f (x) = 1
2
1
(x) > 0 f . g(x) = x2 ,
2
f (x) = 1 > 0 f . f (x) = 50
g(x) x = k k Z.
: f (x) =
2
( f
f g ):
(, ) lim f (x) = lim f (x) = k , k
xa+
(x + 1) x < 1
f (x) 0 g(x) = 0
1 x 1
(x 1)2 x > 1
,
(, ) f () = 0.
3
: f (x) = x2 , g(x) =
x2 + sin2 x. . ..
g (x) = 2x + 2 sin x cos x = 2x + sin 2x, g (x) =
2 + 2 cos x 0. sin x = 0,
= .
g (k) = 2k + sin 2k = 2k =
f (k)

Rolle:
g : [, ] R g (x) = f (x) , x (, )
g () = g () = k . g (, )
[, ]
Rolle. -
.
27
51
4.
z
z C |z 1| = 1,
z2.
5. w =
z 2 w

z C |z 1| = 1,
z 2 . z = 1 + (cos(t) + i sin(t)) t[0, 2 ).
6.
( 4 )
w z .
t
t
t
2
2
2
t
z 2 = 4 cos2 ( ) (cos(t) + i sin(t)) 52
2
z = 2 cos( ) (cos( ) + i sin( ))
t
x = 4 cos ( ) cos(t)),
2
z1 , z2 , z3 C |z1 | = |z2 | = |z3 | = r > 0,
t
y = 4 cos2 ( ) sin(t)) t[0, 2 )
|z1 z2 |2 + |z2 z3 |2 + |z3 z1 |2 9r 2 .
2
2

Geogebra
:
=,
z1 , z2 , z3 .
1
, , ,
2
2
r . |z1 z2 | + |z2 z3 | +
|z3 z1 |2 = (AB)2 + (BA)2 + (A)2 =

2 2 2
OB OA + O OB + OA O = 6r 2

2(OAOB + OB O + OOA) =
6r 2 2r 2 (a + b + c) =
r 2 [6 2(a + b + c)], a, b, c
, a + b + c = 360
, : a + b + c + (a + b + c) =
b+c
c+a
4 a+b
2 2 2
a + b + c = 1 4 a2 2b 2c
:
a2 2b 2c 18 4 a2 2b 2c 12
a + b + c 1 12 = 32 ,
- : a
b
c
2 + 2 + 2 = 180
1. z
(x 1)2 + y 2 = 1
.
, :
|z1 z2 |2 + |z2 z3 |2 + |z3 z1 |2 6r 2 + 3r 2 = 9r 2
2. . a = b = c = 120 ,
Geogebra .
3.

.
2
|z|2 = z
z |z1 z2 |2 +
2
2
|z2 z3 | +|z3 z1 | +|z1 +z2 +z3 |2 = 3(|z1 |2 +|z2 |2 +|z3 |2 ),
|z1 z2 |2 +|z2 z3 |2 +|z3 z1 |2 3(|z1 |2 +|z2 |2 +|z3 |2 ) =
28
9r 2 = z1 + z2 + z3 = 0, . B(, ) (, ). = ,
.
, r .
3
OA+OB >
A, B, C AB 2 > AB , 42 > (a )2 + 2 .
z1 , z2 , z3 , OB = 2 + 2 = p2 .
ABC O < 2 (1).
r . G ABC M OB +
, O > B, 2 > B,

42 > ( )2 + ( )2 . OB =
1 2
2
2
2
2
2
2
M A + M B + M C = 3M G + 3 (a + b + c ), BC = 2 + 2 = p2 . O = 2 + 2 = p2 .
a, CA = b, AB = c.
, M < p2 (2).
O
< p2 (3).
3r 2 = 3OC 2 + 31 (a2 +b2 +c2 ) 9r 2 = 9OG2 +a2 +b2 +c2 , AB 2 + B2 + A2 .
9r 2 |z3 z2 |2 + |z3 z1 |2 + |z1 z2 |2 .
= OG = 0, 6p2 2a 2 2 2a
2
.
AB 2 + B2 + A2 6p2 + 3p = 9p2
4
: , , > , > > ,
(0, 0) A(, 0) > 0, > , (3).
29

Icosidodecahedron 1

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4 ( qwerty) 417 530 ;

= 102450 , = 5200 , = 24360

360 36h = 123 (1 h) 34567 .

3 ( ) 2001, 2002, 2003, , 2010

K = z12012 z22015 + z1 2015 z22012

3. H(1)+ g(t) F (t)dt = F (1) + G(1),

[a, b] [0, 1].

(1 + tan 1 )(1 + tan 3 ) (1 + tan 43 ) <

z1 , z2 , z3 C |z1 | = |z2 | = |z3 | = r > 0,

|z1 z2 |2 + |z2 z3 |2 + |z3 z1 |2 9r 2 .

2001, 2002, 2003, ..., 2010

= 102450 , = 5200 , = 24360

360 36h = 123 (1 h) 34567

123 34567 (1 h) 34567 123 34567

360 36h = 123 (1 h) 34567

(a c)(a + c)(a + b) + (a b)(a + b)(a + c) =

c2 = (a b)(a + b) c3 = c(a b)(a + b).

(a + b)(a2 ab + b2 ) + c(a b)(a + b) =

= 360 + 15 = 360 165 , Z

(2) (1) (3) (1)

(AB) =(A) + (B) =

ABE, BCZ, CAD,

1. : (t) = x (t) = 3t2

K = z12012 z22015 + z12015 z22012 =

K = z12012 z22015 + z1 2015 z22012

3. a = z12012 z22015 = z 20121z 2015 = z 2012 z12012 z 3 =

f (f (x)) > f (0) f  (x) > f (0) (f (x) xf (0)) >

f [a, b], f (a) = a, f (b) = b

g (x) g () g (x) = 0 f (x) = x, x [, ]

cos x = tan u, u [0, ],

f (x) = g (x) f (x) = (x),

F (x) = 0 f (t) dt , x [0, 1]

G(x) = 0 g(t) dt , x [0, 1]

H(x) = 0 f (t) G(t) dt , x [0, 1]

H(x) < F (x)G(x) .

g(t) F (t)dt = F (1) + G(1),

f (t)G(t)dt H  (x) = f (x)G(x) > 0

1. w(x) = H(x) F (x)G(x),

w(x) < w(0) H(x) F (x)G(x) < 0 H(x) <

G(x) = 0 g(t)dt G (x) = g(x) > 0

F (x) = 0 f (t)dt F  (x) = f (x) > 0

, x < 1 u(x) < u(1) F (x) <

M tdt H(x) M x2 , x [0, 1].

H(x) < H(x)

: 0 < F (x)G(x) <

3. v(x) = (1 F (x))(1 G(x)), x [0, 1].

F (1) + G(1) = F (1)G(1)

5. q(x) = G(x) x, x [0, 1]

D, E, F, I 2 2 ( wv, wu, uv, wv wu uv . )

(u2 (v + w) + vw(v + w) + u(v 2 + vw + w2 ))/(uvw)

[a, b] [0, 1].

(2) c R, f 1 (c) = {x [0, 1] : f (x) = c}

21+1 , 21+1 31+2 , 21+1 31+2 51+3 , . . .

(0 )n := (0,0 , 0,1 , 0,2 , . . .)

x(x 5199 ) + 3x 5199 + 1 x + 0 + 1 5100

x4 + x3 + x2 + x + 1 = (x2 + 3x + 1)2 5x(x + 1)2 .

| xa1 x2 2 + y1 y22 1| + | xa1 x2 2 + y1 y22 + 1| =

(*) 1 c 1 |c1|+|c+1| = (1c)+(c+1) = 2

(1 + tan 1 )(1 + tan 3 ) (1 + tan 43 ) < 211 <

(1 + tan (1)) (1 + tan (3)) .. (1 + tan (43)) =

(1 + tan (2)) (1 + tan (4)) .. (1 + tan (44)) =

(1 + tan 1 )(1 + tan 3 ) (1 + tan 43 ) < 

ABE, BCZ, CAD,

1. : (t) = x (t) = 3t2

f (f (x)) > f (0) f (x) > f (0) (f (x) xf (0)) >

f (t)G(t)dt H (x) = f (x)G(x) > 0

G(x) = 0 g(t)dt G (x) = g(x) > 0

F (x) = 0 f (t)dt F (x) = f (x) > 0

(1 + tan 1 )(1 + tan 3 ) (1 + tan 43 ) <