MD BELAL BRANCH-ECE ROLL .

NO-1054531011 COLLEGE - JETGI

INTRODUCTION
SEWAGESewage is the composition of industrial,domestic,agricultural wastes with 95.5% of water, remain part of organic, inorganic materials and some extent of microbial mass.

SECONDARY TREATMENT OF SEWAGESecondary treatment is also called biological treatment or microbial degradation. By this process 90% to 95% of the BOD and many pathogen are removed from sewage.

 Kill the pathogenic organism included in sewage. To prevent destruction of aquatic life. Increased photosynthetic rate in aquatic water bodies.

AIM OF SECONDARY TREATMENT

Parameters of water treatmentDO, BOD & COD

DO- The oxygen which dissolve in water sample is called dissolve

oxygen. Depletions in dissolved oxygen can cause major shifts in the kinds of aquatic organisms found in water bodies. Fish, invertebrates, plants, and aerobic bacteria all require oxygen for respiration.
BOD- The amount of oxygen required by aerobic biological means(

microorganisms) to decompose the organic matter present in the water sample, It is used as a measure of the degree of water pollution and Also called biological oxygen demand.
COD- Chemical oxygen demand (COD) is used as a measure of

oxygen requirement of a sample that is susceptible to oxidation by strong chemical oxidant (eg potassium permanganate) .

PROCESS OF WATER TREATMENT

Pre

& Primary treatment

Secondary treatment Activated sludge process/Sludge digestion Trickling filter Oxidation ditch Oxidation pond Tertiary treatment

SLUDGE DIGESTION (sludge treatment )

Sludge digestion is a biological process in which organic solids are decomposed into stable substances. Digestion reduces the total mass of solids, destroys pathogens, and makes it easier to dewater or dry the sludge. Digested sludge is inoffensive, having the appearance and characteristics of a rich potting soil.

TRICKLING FILTER
Trickling filter is an attached growth process i.e. process in which microorganisms responsible for treatment are attached to an inert packing material. Packing material used in attached growth processes include rock, gravel, slag, sand, redwood, and a wide range of plastic and other synthetic materials.

OXIDATION DITCH
The oxidation ditch (OD) is a sort of equipment used for a long-term aeration. It consists of a long channel of an elliptical or circular shape equipped with an aeration equipment called a rotor for generating a water flow and stirring water in the channel to supply oxygen.

 Advantages It can be easily maintained. OD can be easily controlled by changing the rotation of the rotor and the dipping depth. It can perform nitrification and denitrification easily.

Disadvantages
As the tank is large and the depth is small, it requires a large area. It can be said the OD method is particularly suitable for a small scale equipment.

OXIDATION POND
A pond that contains partially treated wastewater which is then left to allow the growth of algae and bacteria which decompose the rest of the waste. Oxidation Ponds are also known as stabilization ponds or lagoons. Within an oxidation pond heterotrophic bacteria degrade organic matter in the sewage which results in production of cellular material and minerals. The production of these supports the growth of algae in the oxidation pond.

OXIDATION POND