WATER

TREATMENT
FACILITIES AND
PROCESS
GROUP III
INTRODUCTION
• Looking at water, you might think that it's the
most simple thing around.
• Pure water is colorless, odorless, and tasteless.
But it's not at all simple and plain and it is vital
for all life on Earth.
• Water is of major importance to all living things.
Therefore the quality of water we drink is very
important.
INTRODUCTION
• The drinking water should be totally clean, pure
and free of any disease causing microbes, and
that’s why it should be properly treated and
disinfected before using it for drinking purpose.

• UP TO 60 PERCENT OF THE HUMAN BODY

IS WATER.
 WATER
TREATMENT
 WATER
•
TREATMENT
Water treatment is any process that improves
the quality of water to make it more acceptable for a
specific end-use. The end use may be drinking, industrial
water supply, irrigation, river flow maintenance, water
recreation or many other uses, including being safely
returned to the environment.
• Water treatment removes contaminants and undesirable
components, or reduces their concentration so that the
water becomes fit for its desired end-use. This treatment
is crucial to human health and allows humans to benefit
from both drinking and irrigation use.
• Treatment for drinking water production involves the removal of contaminants
from raw water to produce water that is pure enough for human consumption
without any short term or long term risk of any adverse health effect. In general
terms, the greatest microbial risks are associated with ingestion of water that is
contaminated with human or animal (including bird) faeces. Faeces can be a
source of pathogenic bacteria, viruses, protozoa and helminths.

• Substances that are removed during the process of drinking water treatment,
Disinfection is of unquestionable importance in the supply of safe drinking-water.
The destruction of microbial pathogens is essential and very commonly involves
the use of reactive chemical agents such suspended
solids, bacteria, algae, viruses, fungi, and minerals such
as iron and manganese. These substances continue to cause great harm to
several lower developed countries who do not have access to water purification.
 WATER
TREATMENT
FACILITIES
MAYNILAD WATER TREATMENT SERVICES.
• MAYNILAD Water Services Inc., the private water concessionaire of
the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS).
• Maynilad maintains and operates three world-class water treatment
plants.

3 Maynilad Water Treatment Plant

1. La Mesa Treatment Plant 1

2. La Mesa Treatment Plant 2
3. Putatan Treatment Plant
La Mesa Treatment Plant 1

• La Mesa Treatment Plant 1 is a

conventional-type plant with a
maximum design capacity of 1500
million liters per day (MLD). It was
designed by American company
Camp, Dresser and Mckee.
La Mesa Treatment Plant 2
• La Mesa Treatment Plant 2 is a
pulsator-type plant that has a
design capacity of 900 MLD. It
was designed by Degrémont, a
French company recognized as
a world specialist in water
treatment plants.
Putatan Treatment Plant
• Putatan Treatment Plant is the largest
membrane-based water treatment
plant in the Philippines, and is also the
first of its kind in the country to use
large-scale microfiltration and reverse
osmosis.
Both treatment plants are ISO 9001:2000-certified
which means that Maynilad’s water treatment
process meets global standards for Quality
Management.
 WATER
TREATMENT
PROCESS
 STAGES
Depending on the type of treatment plant and the quality of raw water,
treatment generally proceeds in the following sequence of stages:

1. SCREENING 5. SEDIMENTATION
2. AERATION 6. PRE-CHLORINATION AND
3. PH CORRECTION DECHLORINATION
4. COAGULATION AND 7. FILTRATION
FLOCCULATION 8. DISINFECTION
9. PH ADJUSTMENT

• As required, other steps will be added, depending on the

chemistry of the treated water.
1. SCREENING - REMOVAL OF ANY COARSE
FLOATING OBJECTS, WEEDS, ETC.
2. AERATION - DISSOLVING OXYGEN INTO THE WATER
•Removes smell and taste
•Promotes helpful bacteria growth
•Precipitates nuisance metals like iron and manganese.
3. PH CORRECTION - PREPARING FOR COAGULATION
AND TO HELP PRECIPITATE METALS. (remember how
acid rain leaches metals out of soil?- make water acidic to
leach out metals)
4. COAGULATION AND FLOCCULATION
- add coagulating agent (ALUMINUM SULFATE OR IRON
SULFATE)
- causes agglomeration (CLUMPING) and sedimentation of solid
particles - these solid particles are called floc or sludge.
5. SEDIMENTATION
-Floc settles out and is scraped and vacuumed off the bottom of large
sedimentation tanks.
- clarified water drains out of the top of these tanks in a giant decanting
process.
6. PRE-CHLORINATION AND DECHLORINATION -
mostly to kill algae that would otherwise grow and clog the
water filters. also kills much of the filtering out what’s left.
7. FILTRATION – the process of passing the water through the
beds of such granular material.
• RAPID-sand filters force water through a 0.45-1m layer of sand and work
faster, needing a smaller area. But they need frequent back-washing.
• SLOW-sand filters require a much larger area but reduce bacteriological
and viral levels to better due to the SCHMUTZDECKE (BIOFILM) layer. the
top 1 inch of biofilm must be periodically scraped off and the filter
occasionally back-washed final touches.
8. DISINFECTION - water completely free of suspended sediment is
treated with a powerful oxidizing agent usually one of three types:
• CHLORINE
Chlorine can form harmful by products and has suspected links to stomach
cancer and miscarriages.
• CHLORAMINE (CHLORINE THEN AMMONIA)
many agencies now residually disinfect with chloramine- does not dissipate
from water before reaching consumers like chlorine does
• OZONE- MORE EXPENSIVE
• UV-LIGHT
9. PH ADJUSTMENT - so that treated water leaves the
plant in the desired range of 6.5 to 8.5 PH units.