Power Control in CDMA 2000 1X

By Mario Vela RF Engineer Power Control in CDMA 2000 1X ................................................................................... 1 1. Introduction................................................................................................................. 1 2. Controlling the Power ................................................................................................. 1 2.1 Estimated Open Loop Output Power .................................................................. 1 2.1.1 Transmitting on the Access Channel .......................................................... 2 2.1.2 Transmitting on the Enhanced Access Channel.......................................... 3 2.1.3 Transmitting on the Reverse Common Control Channel............................ 3 2.1.4 Transmitting on the Reverse Traffic Channel (RC= 1 or 2) ....................... 4 2.1.5 Transmitting on Reverse Traffic Channel (RC =3, 4, 5, or 6) .................... 5 2.2 Closed Loop Power Control................................................................................ 5 2.3 Code Channel Output Power (for other than the Reverse Pilot Channel) .......... 6 2.3.1 Code Channel Output Power for the Enhanced Access Channel Header, Enhanced Access Channel Data, and Reverse Common Control Channel Data........ 6 2.3.2 Code Channel Output Power for Reverse Traffic Channel (RC 3, 4, 5, or 6) 7 3 Conclusion .................................................................................................................. 7

1. Introduction
Power control in CDMA 2000 is more complex than IS-95. Several new parameters have been added to the equations to support better performance of the algorithms. This document describes Power Control equations used in CDMA2000 1X (Spreading rate 1) standard and emphasizes Performance issues related with these equations.

2. Controlling the Power

CDMA 2000 standard defines three methods for controlling the power of the Mobile Stations: an open loop estimation performed by the mobile station, a closed loop correction involving both the mobile station and the base station, and, for Radio Configurations 3 and 6, a code channel attribute adjustment performed by the mobile station and the base station.

2.1

Estimated Open Loop Output Power

The following table shows the value of the Offset Parameter for PCS and Cellular Bands for Spreading Rate 1 (1X)

Band

Cellular

PCS

Type of Channel Access Channel Reverse Traffic Channel (RC=1 or 2) Enhanced access Channel Reverse Common Control Channel Reverse Traffic Channel (RC= 3 or 4) Access Channel Reverse Traffic Channel (RC=1 or 2) Enhanced access Channel Reverse Common Control Channel Reverse Traffic Channel (RC= 3 or 4) Table 1. - Offset Values

Offset Value -73

-81.5

-76

-84.5

2.1.1 Transmitting on the Access Channel

The following equation defines the mean output power for each Access Probe: Tx = -Rx + OffPwr + IC + NP + INIT_PWR+ STP Where: Rx OffPwr IC

NP

INIT_PWR SP

= Rx Level measured by the MS across all the band (1.23 MHz) = -73dBm (cellular) or 76dBm (PCS) = Interference Correction Factor, this values is calculated as: min(max(-7-Ec/Io, 0), 7), and Ec/Io is measured from the strongest active set pilot. = NOM_PWR 16xNOM_PWR_EXT, this term ranges from 24 to +7 dB, but if the system is working on the Cellular band NOM_PWR_EXT is zero, reducing the range from 8 to +7 dB. = Initial Power ranges from 16 to 15 dB with a Nominal value of 0dB = PWR_LVL x PWR_STEP, the range of PWR_STEP is 0 to 7 dB, and PWR_LVL is an integer.

The total range of corrections allowed is: 32dB Cellular 40dB PCS

2.1.2 Transmitting on the Enhanced Access Channel

The following equation defines the mean output power for the enhanced Access preamble: Tx = -Rx + OffPwr + IC + EACH_NOM_PWR + EACH_INIT_PWR + 6 + STP Where: Rx OffPwr IC

= Rx Level measured by the MS across all the band (1.23 MHz) = -73dBm (cellular) or 76dBm (PCS) = Interference Correction Factor, this values is calculated as: min(max(IC_THRESH-Ec/Io, 0), IC_MAX), and Ec/Io is measured from the strongest active set pilot. EACH_NOM_PWR = Nominal Power ranges from 16 to +15 dB. EACH_INIT_PWR = Initial Power ranges from 16 to 15 dB with a Nominal value of 0dB SP = PWR_LVL x PWR_STEP_EACH, the range of PWR_STEP_EACH is 0 to 7 dB, and PWR_LVL is an integer. The total range of corrections allowed is: 32dB Cellular 40dB PCS After transmitting the Enhanced Access Channel Preamble and before receiving the first valid power control bit, the MS transmit a mean output power defined by: Tx = -Rx + OffPwr + IC + EACH_NOM_PWR + EACH_INIT_PWR + STP If closed-loop power control is enabled then corrections will be added to the formula. Tx = -Rx + OffPwr + IC + EACH_NOM_PWR + EACH_INIT_PWR + STP + closed-loop corrections

2.1.3 Transmitting on the Reverse Common Control Channel

The following equation defines the mean output power when operating in the Reservation Access Mode for the Reverse Common channel Preamble: Tx = -Rx + OffPwr + IC + RCCCH_NOM_PWR + RCCCH_INIT_PWR + 6 + PREV_CORRECTIONS Where: Rx OffPwr IC

= Rx Level measured by the MS across all the band (1.23 MHz) = -73dBm (cellular) or 76dBm (PCS) = Interference Correction Factor, this values is calculated as: min(max(IC_THRESH-Ec/Io, 0), IC_MAX), and Ec/Io is measured from the strongest active set pilot. RCCCH_NOM_PWR = Nominal Power ranges from 16 to +15 dB. RCCCH_INIT_PWR = Initial Power ranges from 16 to 15 dB with a Nominal value of 0dB

PREV_CORRECTIONS = conformed by all the previous PWR_LVL x PWR_STEP_EACH and closed loop corrections if applicable. The total range of corrections allowed is: 32dB Cellular 40dB PCS After transmitting the Reverse Common Control Channel Preamble and before receiving the first valid power control bit, the MS transmit a mean output power defined by: Tx = -Rx + OffPwr + IC + RCCCH_NOM_PWR + RCCCH_INIT_PWR + PREV_CORRECTIONS After the first valid power control bit is received then corrections will be added to the formula. Tx = -Rx + OffPwr + IC + RCCCH_NOM_PWR + RCCCH_INIT_PWR + PREV_CORRECTIONS + closed-loop corrections When operating in the Designated Access Mode the formulas are the same but PREV_CORRECTIONS is set to DAM_CORRECTION (this parameter ranges from 0 to +31dB).

2.1.4 Transmitting on the Reverse Traffic Channel (RC= 1 or 2)

The following equation defines the mean output power on the Reverse Fundamental Channel (RC= 1 or 2): Tx = -Rx + OffPwr + IC + ACC_CORRECTIONS + RLGAIN_ADJ Where: Rx OffPwr IC

= Rx Level measured by the MS across all the band (1.23 MHz) = -73dBm (cellular) or 76dBm (PCS) = Interference Correction Factor, this values is calculated as: min(max(-7-Ec/Io, 0), 7), and Ec/Io is measured from the strongest active set pilot. ACC_CORRECTIONS = all previous corrections in Access Channel, Enhanced Access Channel or Reverse Common Control Channel. RLGAIN_ADJ = Relative Power Control Corrections. The total range of corrections allowed is: 32dB Cellular 40dB PCS After the first valid power control bit is received then corrections will be added to the formula. Tx = -Rx + OffPwr + IC + ACC_CORRECTIONS + RLGAIN_ADJ + 10xlog10(1 + NUM_RSCCH)

Where: NUM_RSCCH

=number of supplemental Code Channels, ranges from 0 to 7

2.1.5 Transmitting on Reverse Traffic Channel (RC =3, 4, 5, or 6)

The following equation defines the mean output power on the Reverse Fundamental Channel (RC= 1 or 2): Tx = -Rx + OffPwr + IC + ACC_CORRECTIONS + RLGAIN_ADJ Where: Rx OffPwr IC

= Rx Level measured by the MS across all the band (1.23 MHz) = -73dBm (cellular) or 76dBm (PCS) = Interference Correction Factor, this values is calculated as: min(max(IC_THRESH-Ec/Io, 0), 7), and Ec/Io is measured from the strongest active set pilot. ACC_CORRECTIONS = all previous corrections in Access Channel, Enhanced Access Channel or Reverse Common Control Channel. RLGAIN_ADJ = Relative Power Control Corrections. The total range of corrections allowed is: 32dB Cellular 40dB PCS After the first valid power control bit is received then corrections will be added to the formula. Tx = -Rx + OffPwr + IC + ACC_CORRECTIONS + RLGAIN_ADJ + closed loop corrections NOTE: The equations for Open Loop Power Control are different than IS-95, and now depend of more parameters. The most important new factor is the IC (interference Correction) factor that takes in consideration the interference present in the environment.

2.2

Closed Loop Power Control

For closed loop correction on the Enhanced Access Channel and the Reverse Common Control Channel, the mobile adjust its power in response to power control bits received on the Forward Common Power Control Channel. For closed loop correction on the Reverse Traffic Channel the mobile adjust its power in response to power control bits received on the Forward Fundamental Channel or Forward Dedicated Control Channel. There are different power Control Step sizes as showed in the following Table PWR_CNTL_STEP Power control Step Size (db Nominal) Tolerance (dB)

0 1 2

1 0.5 0.25 Table 2 .- Power Step Size

0.5 0.3 0.2

The closed Loop adjustment range is 24 dB arounds its open loop estimate. NOTE: IS-95 defines only one PWR_CNTL_STEP of 1 dB, now CDMA 2000 defines three possible values

2.3 Code Channel Output Power (for other than the Reverse Pilot Channel)
2.3.1 Code Channel Output Power for the Enhanced Access Channel Header, Enhanced Access Channel Data, and Reverse Common Control Channel Data.
The output power for these channels is relative to the output power of the reverse Pilot Channel, and is given by: Tx = PilotPower + 0.125xNominal_reverse_Common Channel_Attribute_Gain + 0.125xRLGAIN_COMMON_PILOT The following table depicts the values for Nominal_Reverse_Common_Channel_Attribute_Gain

Data Rate (bps) 9600 9600 19200 19200 38400 38400 38400

Frame Length (ms) 5 20 10 20 5 10 20

Nominal_Reverse_Common_Channel_Attribute_Gain 54 30 64 50 88 80 72

The MS shall maintain the ratio Mean code channel output power Mean pilot channel output power Within 0.25 dB of the number specified by 0.125xNominal_reverse_Common Channel_Attribute_Gain + 0.125xRLGAIN_COMMON_PILOT

2.3.2 Code Channel Output Power for Reverse Traffic Channel (RC 3, 4, 5, or 6)
The MS shall set the output power of the Reverse Fundamental Channel, the Reverse Supplemental Channel, and the Reverse Dedicated Control Channel relative to the output power of the Reverse Pilot Channel and given by the following formula: Tx=PilotPwr + 0.125x(Nominal_Attribute_Gain + Attribute_Adjustment_Gain + Reverse_Channel_Adjustment_Gain[channel] Multiple_Channel_Adjustment_Gain[channel] Variable_Supplemental_Adjustment_Gain [channel]+ RLGAIN_TRAFFIC_PILOT + RLGAIN_SCH_PILOT [channel]) + IFHHO_SRCH_CORR. Where channel can be the Fundamental Channel, the dedicated control channel or Supplemental Channel. All the values in parenthesis are integers, specified in units of 0.125dB For a complete set of values for Adjustment gains see the CDMA2000 Standard Chapter 2 (2.1.2.3.3.2 Code Channel Output Power for Reverse Traffic Channel with Radio Configuration 3, 4, 5, or 6)

3 Conclusion
CDMA 2000 defines valuable improvements to the Power Control Algorithms, maybe the most valuable if the Interference Correction Factor during the Access, and the multiple Gains that allow the user to adapt the system to different system conditions.