Calculate the eigen values and eigenvectors of each of the following matrix:

1 3
A=

0 2

5 2
B=

2
1

1 3
Ans. A =

0 2

1
3
(I A) =

2
0
I A = 0
( 1)( 2) = 0
= 1, 2
Now, when = 1:
1 1 3 x1 0

=
0 1 2 x 0
2
x = 0 & x = k
2
1
1
Corresponi ng to = 1, eigen vector = k
0

Now, when = 2 :
2 1 3 x1 0

=

0 2 2 x2 0
k
x = & x = k
2 3
1
Corresponi ng to = 2, eigen vector
But in MATLAB when you write
[v,e]=eig([1 3;0 2]), you get
v=

1.0000 0.9487
0 0.3162

1
= k 1

3

This is different from the answer. To get the same answer you have to divide
by the magnitude of the eigenvector
1
1
0 0.333 Magnitude of the first eigenvector is 1 and the second is

sqrt(1^2+0.333^2) = 1.0540. Then you will get the eigenvector as

1
1
1 1.0540 1 0.9487
0 0.333 =

0 0.3142
1 1.0540

If we multiply the square matrix with one of the eigenvector what do you
get? [1 3;0 2]*v(:,1)
ans =
1
0
But here the eigenvectors are not orthogonal?! For that the matrix must be
symmetric
For example
a=[ 1 2;2 3];
[v,e]=eig(a)
v = -0.8507 0.5257
0.5257 0.8507

see the figure. Both the eigenvectors are perpendicular

0.9
0.85
0.8
0.75
0.7
0.65
0.6
0.55
0.5
-1

-0.8

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0.2

0.4

0.6