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5/4/12

Recall that the calculation of the sample variance involves the division of the sum of squared deviations from the sample mean by the number of degrees of freedom. This principle is applied as well to find the mean squared deviations within the analysis of variance.

The Theory and Computations of ANOVA: The Mean Squares

SSTR MSTR Mean square treatment (MSTR): = ( r 1)

Mean square error (MSE): Mean square total (MST):

MSE =

SSE (n r )

SST MST = (n 1)

(Note that the additive properties of sums of squares do not extend to the mean squares. MST MSTR + MSE. 5/4/12

9-4 The ANOVA Table and Examples

ngle Tria ngle Tria ngle Tria ngle Sq uar Sq e uar Sq e uar Sq e uar Ci e rc Ci le rc Ci le rc le

Treatment (i) Tria

i
1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3

j
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3

Valu e (x 4
5 7 8 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 2 3

ij )

( ij -i ) x -x
2 1 1 2 1 . 0 0 5 . . 1 5 5 . -5 1 0 1

( ij -i )2 x 4x
1 1 4 2 . 0 2 . 0 5 2 . 2 5 2 . 15 2 05 1

ngle Sq uar Ci e rc le

Treatm ent Tria

(i x- x 0. )
4. 90 5 9 -9 4. 1 90 9

(i x

0.826 x 281 21.077 ) 281 124.098 281

2 n (i i x3.305 124 x 84.309 ) 124

7 6

1 7

72.294 843 159.9 0909 1

j r ( x x ) 2 = 1 S = i S 7 i = 1j = 1 i j E r 2 SS = n ( x x ) = 1 .9 i i TR 5 i =1 9 SS 1.9 MS = TR = 5 = 7. 9 r 1 ( 3 1) TR 9 5 9 SS 1 M = TR = 7 = 2 1 . n r 8 S 2 MS 7. 9 5 E F = TR = 9 5 = 3. 6. M 2 1 . ( 2, 8) 7 2 Critica oi S = 0.02 5 8. l nt E H p may be ected 1): he 0.01 v 0 rej ( at t le 65 e l of can signifi ce.

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Using the Grand Mean: Table 9-1

Treatment I=1 (j)
Triangle Trian 2 gle Trian 3 gle Trian 4 gle Mean of I=2 Triangles 1 Square Squ 2 are Squ 3 are Squ 4 are Mean of I=3 Squares 1 Circle Cir 2 cle Cir 3 cle Mean of l e Grand Circ of all data mean s points

Sample 1point(j)

Value i ) j 4 (x
5 7 8 6 1 0 1 1 2 1 3 1 11. 25 3 2 6.9 09
x1= 6 x3= 2 x=6.90 9
5

x2=11. 5
10

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Distance from data point to its sample mean Distance from sample mean to grand mean If the r population means are different (that is, at least two of the population means are not equal), then it is likely that the variation of the data points about their respective sample means (within sample variation) will be small relative to the variation of the r sample means about the grand mean (between sample variation).