Answer all questions: 1. A plant cell is observed under the electron microscope. a.

Draw and label the plant cell (11 marks) b. Based on your answers in 1(a), explain the structures and functions of the 5 organelles. (10 marks) c. Differences between the plant cell and an animal cell (5 marks) Animal cell Shape: Chloroplast: Vacuole: Round (irregular shape) Absent Absent or more small Plant cell Rectangular (fixed shape) Present (they make their own food) One, large central vacuole taking up 90% of cell volume. Absent Present Absent in the form of starch

Centrioles: Cell wall: Lysosomes: Food storage

Present Absent Present in the form of glycogen

2.

(10 marks) a. Celli. the basic structural and functional unit of all known living organisms ii. e.g.: muscle cells, epithelial cells, epidermal cells, guard cells Tissue i. a group of similar cells performing a particular function ii. e.g.: nerve tissues, bone, adipose tissues, xylem tissues, phloem tissues Organ i. a group of tissues that performs a specialized function ii. e.g.: skin, lung, kidney, leaf, stem, root, flower System i. a group of several organs that work together to perform a common function ii. e.g.: digestive system, respiratory system, root system, shoot system Organism i. all systems work together ii. e.g.: human, plants, animals

b.

c.

d.

e.

3. sperm cells and flight muscle cells in insects and birds have lots of mitochondria? ( 2 marks) a. sperm cells- require lots of energy to swim towards the uterus and fallopian tube during fertilization b. flight muscle- contract and relax to enable movements and flight 4. fluid mosaic model (1 mark) 5. why the plasma membrane model is known as fluid mosaic model ( 4 marks)

a. the phospholipid bilayer, proteins and other components are not rigid and static, but form a dynamic and flexible structure b. the protein molecules float about in the phospholipids to form a mosaic pattern that is always changing c. this cause the membrane to have a fluid characteristic d. the fluidity of the membrane means that the cells are more flexible. 6. (2 marks) a. phospholipids b. proteins 7. the two factors that determine whether a molecule can pass through the plasma membrane or not? (2 marks) a. the size of molecule b. polarity of the molecule 8. the structure of the plasma membrane. ( 3 marks) a. plasma membrane composed mainly of double layer of phospholipids and proteins. b. each phospholipid molecule has a polar head and non polar tail. c. there are various types of proteins which are pore protein, carrier protein and glycoprotein . 9. (4 marks) a. Lipid-soluble molecule- pass through the phospholipids bilayer freely b. Amino acids- aided by carrier proteins c. Potassium ions- by pore proteins d. Water pass through the phospholipids bilayer or through pores 10. (6 marks) P Q Name Carrier protein Pore/channel protein Function Acts as a carrier Forms a channel or pore Example of substance Glucose, amino acids, vitamin C (large molecules) Water-soluble molecules and ions