W

? ? ? ?

nutrition

K
K

food

EFoodF
K
K

W

KEF

F
E
EF
K

K

F
KE

EF
EF

K

KFood conversionEF

EF
K
KEF

W
J
K

J
K
K J
KEF J
K J
K J
W
W
K

K
W
K
W
W
F J
KE
K J
K J
W
EF
W
KEF


-1-

W
J
J
KKKEF J
W
K
W

-2-

EFK
K

KEF

EF
K

( )

( )

()

)
(
-3-

water

EF
KK

EF

-4-

W
W
K

K
K

K
W
W
K

KEF

-5-

W
W

K
W

K
W

K
E F

K
W

K
W
GEF

KEFG



-6-

W
GE{FEFEF
L

KG
W

K
K
W
K

KEF
KEF



-7-

W
K

K
W
L

K
KLEF

ELF J

K
F

KE


-8-

W
EF E

K
K E
KEF E
E
K
K E
W

W
E
F

K


-9-

Maximum Levels In Water

EF

E LF

EF

EF

-10-

Chlorinating Water

K
EF
K
EFEF

EF

-11-

JW
W
K E
K E
K E
E

-12-

carbohydrats

EWF
KEHF

K
K
KEF

K
monosaccharids

K
W
Pentoses

W C5H10 O5
XyloseArabinose

K
Ribose
K
-13-

HexoseE

K C6H12 O6
W
WGlucoseG

K
Fructose G

K
Galactose MannoseG

K
disccharides J

KK
WSacchorosesacroseG

-14-

K
K
LactoseG
K
K
K
MaltoseG
K
K
K
K
E

Trisaccharids

W
Raffinose

K
K
PolysaccharidsE
K

K

-15-

Starch G
K
KEKKKKKKF
K
Cellulose G
K
K

K

K
Hemicellulose G
K
Lignin G

K
K
K
W
EF E
EF E
-16-

EFE

K
E
K
K
K
- -
-

K
E -F
KE -FE -F

J
K
J

-17-

EF J

K

E F J
K
KEF J
K J

W
ELKF J

Yellowcorn

Sorghums ELKF J

Wheat
Oats

ELKF J

ELKF J

Barley
Rice Bran

ELKF J
EF J

White corn

J





-18-

W
W
K J
J
K
K J

EHypothalamusF

K
K

W
K
K

-19-

EF

) (

( )

(
(
(
(

( )

(
(
(
(
(
(

K
W

(Critical level)
(Maintnance)
K
-20-

F
KE

W
K J
J
K
J
K
E JFL
E JF
K

W

EFW
K

F
KE
-21-

-22-

Proteins

EKKKKKKKKF
K
W
K
W
K
W

K
EFK

K
W
W

K
W
K
-23-

K
W

K
W

K
W

K
W

K
W

K
K

W
W
K
-24-

KW

TRYPTOPHANE

HISTIDINE

ISOLEUCINE

METHIONINE

LYSINe

PHENYL ALANINE
LEUCINE

VALINE
ARGININE
THERIONINE

EF
E F
K

tryptophane methionine lysine

-25-

K
WE

K
WE

K
WE
K

WE
K

KE F
K

Dl. METHIONINEK
K
K
-26-

WE

K
KEF

W
W J

K
K J
W J
K
K
W J

K
W J

K

-27-

K
W J

EF
KL
W J

K
W J

K
Canibalism J
K

-28-

K



K

K
K
KLE JF
W
KE
K E
E

W
K E
K E

-29-

E
K
W

W
E

Proteins of Animal Origin

W
J

Blood Meal

K
J

Dried Poultry Waste (DPW)

K
J

Liver Meal

K
J
W
W J

Meat Scrap

EF

K
-30-

W J

K
W J

Milk Produets

W
W J

Pried Skim Milk

EF
KDried Butter milk
W J

Dried Whey

{EF
K
W J

Poultry By Product Meal

F
EFEFE
K
W J

Poultry Hatchery By Product Meal

KEF
W J

Poultry Feather Meal (Hydrolyzed)

EF

-31-

KEF
W J

Proteins of Fish Origin

WEF
K J
K J
J
KEF













-32-

Proteins of Vegetable Origin

W
J

Corn Gluten

W
J

Corn Gluten Feed

KEF
J

Corn Gluten Meal

KEF
Coconut (Copra) Oil Meal

EFE
F
KEF
J

Cottonseed Meal

KEF



-33-

Gossypol Content

K {
W J

Peanut (Groundnut) Meal

FEF
KE
W J

Sesame Meal

K
W J

Soybean Meal

Growth Inhibitory Factory

ESoyinF

-34-

KEF

KEF
W
J

Sunflower Seed Meal

K
WEF J

EF
KEF
-35-

W J

FEF
KE

-36-

Fats

K
K

K
W
W

KE
KEFE
KEFE
W

KPhospholipdes E
KGlycolipids E
W

KLipoprotein
K




-37-

W
W

Saturated Fatty Acids

Myristic Acid

Palmitic Acid

Stearic Acid
Arashidic Acid
Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Palmitoleic Acid

Oleic Acid

Linoleic Acid
Linolenic Acid
Arachidonic Acid

EF
K
EHF
K
K
E
F

K
K

-38-

WW

K
KE{F
K

K
KA,D,E,K

K
K
W
K

KE{F

-39-

K

(-)(-)

(E)
K

K
















-40-

Minerals

K
W
Major or Macro Elements

ECaFWL
KESFEClFEKFENaFEMgFEPF
Trace or micro Elements

EPPMFL
EZnFECoFEIFEMnFECuFEFeFW
KEFFEMoFESiF
E

Toscic Elements

K

KW

K

K
K
-41-

W
Calcium

WK

K
Limestone
Gypsum K

K
EPFE

K

-42-

K
K

Calcium phytate
Kphytic acid
E -F
E -F

K
WENaFE
. -.

KK

K
W

KSalt K



-43-

WECLFE
K {
EHclF
K
W
K
{
K{

WENaclFE

K

WEMgFE
. -.
K

KK
W

K K

-44-

K
K

W(K)E

K
K

K
W
E -.F

KE. -.F

W(S)E
K
{

K
KEF(B1)

K
K

-45-

WW
W(Fe)E

K

W
J

J
KELF

W(Cu)E

K K

F
KELFEL

W(Co)E
B12

K

-46-

W
K

W(Mn)E

K
W

K
KLEF
W(I)E

K
K
W

K
{{
KL{

-47-

W(Zn)E

K
W
K

W(Se)E
K

EF
EF


W
CaW
K J
K J
K J
K J

P W

K J
K J
K J
-48-

Nacl W

K
Mg W
K
W
K J
K J
K J
K J

-49-

Vitamins

K K
K

K
W
K

W
K

K
W JE
(A) E
(D) E
(E)E
(K)E

(A)

EF
K

-50-

WEF

K
EF
KEF
E FK
KEF
W(D) E
Cholecalciferol EFErgocalciferol EFEF

KEF
K
WEF
EF

EF
{ (IV)EFK
KEF

EF
K


-51-

W(E)E

EF
K
WEF

K
(IV) K
KDl. Tocopherol acetateK
W(K)E
EFEF
KmenadioneEFmenaquinoneEFphylloquinone
K
WE
WBEF
W
B1 (thiamine)

EF

EF

B5 (Acid Pantothenique)

EF

B6 (Pyridoscine)

EF

B7 (Nccotinamide)

EFEF

B2 (Riboflavin)

-52-

B12 (Cyanocolalamin)
(Folic acid) folacin
Biotin

EF

EF

Choline

(C) EFEF
WW
EFE
K
WEF

K
EFE

K
WEF

KK

-53-

EFE
K
WEF
EF

K
K
EFE

K
K
WEF

K
EFE

K
WEF

-54-

EFE
K
K
WEF
K

K
E
EF
K
W

K
E
KH2
W

K
E
KLecithin
W

K
-55-

ECFEFW

EF
K
W
EF
F
KE
EF
KEF
EF
Crazy Chickdisease F
KE
EF
KEF
EBiotinF
KEF
EBgF
KE F
EF
KEF

-56-

EF
KE F
EF
F
KE
EF
KEF
EB6F
KEF
EB12F
KEF
EF
KEF









-57-

K
F
E

F K
EFEFE

K
F
KE

Digestion & Absorption
W

Digestion

E FEF
EF
??
K??

-58-

Absorption

EF
W
EF

K



EF

K



K

KEF

-59-

KEF
W

Hydrolyzed

EF
EKKF

)
((
H

( )HCL

Pepsin ( )

EProteaseF
EHCLF
KEF

WEPepsinogenF

-60-

K
W
W

K

W

Minerals

K
K

W

Vitamins

EAF
B12EA-D-E-KF
KEF

-61-

W
W J
............................................................................................................................................................................
W J

...................................................................................... ......................................................................................
W J
...........................................................

...............................................................

...................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................

W
................................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................

-62-

.......................................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................

-63-

EF

-64-

EF

KK
E3F

EF

J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J
J J J J J J J J J J J J J
EF
EFEF
K

-65-

EF

LLWW

KKW

KWKW
KW

J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J

J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J

J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J

J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J

J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J

J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J

J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J

J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J

-66-

EF

-67-

-68-

-69-

K
K
E
F

K
EF

K

K

F
E
F
K

- -

W
E
F
K

W
W
K

KE

W

W
EF
W

- -

W
K

- -

W
WE

EKKKKKKKKKKKF
WE
W

WE

K
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K
WE

EF

KEF






- -

J

EF
K
W

Broiler Feeding

K

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KK
W

W
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Grower

EF

Finisher

EF

W

- -

E
EF

KEF
K
KE JF

L EFLEF
KLEF
W

E FLEFLEF
W
K J
KL J
E
FEF

E FE
E JFEF
WK
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KEFE JF J
W
- -

EF

EF

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K
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EW
K
W
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KEF

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EF
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W




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K

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- -

W
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K
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K
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Availability Of Phosphorus

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K
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K

K

K
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Magnesium

K

KK
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DolomitesKWet droppings
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K
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KEFKEF
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KK
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KE{FEF




K

EF
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KK
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W
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F
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LL

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W
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W
WE
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KL
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W
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KL
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WEFEF
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Protein Energy Relationship

WEF

- -

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EF EF
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GEF

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K







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WK
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L
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K J
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K
W
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W
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Phase Feeding Of Egg-type Layers

K
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W
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Number Of Feeding Phases

WK
K EFWEF
KEFEFWEF
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KEF

EF

EF

EF

EF

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K{EF

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Calcium Requirement

E{FE{F

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W
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Fat In The Layer Ration

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Protien Requirements For Egg E
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E JF
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EFEF
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- -

EFEF

EF L

EF J

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Amino Acids

K
K
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EF

EF

NRCW

Total Sulfur Amino Acids (TSAA)

KE
HF

KEFH
K

EF
K
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- -

ME / P Ratio

W
EF

EF

- -

ELF

E
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IU

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ICU

EF

IU

EF

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Xanthophylls & Egg-yolk Color

Darker Shades EXanthophylls)

K

K
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Sources Of Xanthophylls

K
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K Canthaxanthin
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Measuring Egg-yolk Color

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K
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EF

E F

E F

E F

E F

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Roche Fan

KEFEF

- -

KE
KE

KE

KK

K

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Feeding Breeding Birds
WEF
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WE

K
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K
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K
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9
9
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9
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Growth-Stimulating Substances & Non Nutritive Feed Additives

E FE

K
W
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Antibiotics

K
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KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEF

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEF

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEF
KKKKKKKEF

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEF

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEF

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEF

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KKKKKKEF

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEF

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEF
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEF

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEF
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EF

KKLEF
- -

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEF

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEFEF

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEF

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEF

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEF

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEWFEF
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEF

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEF

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEF
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEF

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEF
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEF

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEF

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEF

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEF

- -

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEF

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEFEF
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEF
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEF

KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEF

- -

KEF J
KEFEFK J
J J
KEF
KE F J
KEF
KEFEFK J
KEFELFEF J
K(Meap) J
J
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Hand Book For. Farmers, Srock Diseases BAYER (Veterinary

Derpartment)
KKKKKK J
K
KEFKK J
K JKKK J
KKKK J
K J
K J

J J
K
J J
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K J
K J
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J

1- INRA. , 1988, Alimentation des bovires, ovins et capnins , Paris France
2- Marshall H.j. 1997, Animal Feeding and Nutrition , 8 ed. Kendall / Hunt
Publishing.
3- Mcdonald P., Edwards R. , A., and Grenhalgh J.F.D., 1978. Animal
Nutrition. 2 ed. Longman. Inc. New yourk.
4- AOAC Official Method 962.09, 2000 AOAC INTERNATIONAL

K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KPROTEINS
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K

K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KFATS
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KMINERALS
K K K K K EF
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KVITAMINS
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K EF
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K J
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K J
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K

K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K

K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K EF
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K W
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KW
K K K K K K K K K EF
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K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K KEF
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K EF
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
J J K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
J J K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K

J J K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
J J K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K
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