12.22.

08

I. The Ergative Case

a. The Ergative Case marks the subject of a transitive verb. The
Ergative Case is marked by the suffix, -(o)m.

b. The Ergative Pronouns are as follows:

Singular Plural
1st Tia No
2nd Vo Dio
3rd Ci/Ho Pe

Sihlem hiud ciīs cugi mo.

Eng: The worm went down into the earth

Tia toidan zado.

Eng: I see this man.

c. The Ergative Plural is expressed with the suffix, -(i)dom.

Sihledom toi haccēde.

Eng: Worms frighten me.

II. The Absolutive Case

a. The Absolutive case functions as the subject of intransitive verbs

and the object of transitive verbs. The Absolutive case is unmarked
by morphology but distinguished syntactically. The Absolutive case is
also used as the object of postpositions.

b. The Absolutive pronouns are as follows:

 Singular Plural
1st Toi Bai
2nd Va Ne
3rd Ga Ni

Ci toidan vōmi mo.

Eng: He hit this man

Tia buhia Ċav he phīho.

Eng: I love the girl from Ċav.

c. The Absolutive plural is expressed with the suffix, (i)d.

Tia sihled zado mo.

Eng: I saw the worm