Bi 2: Xut mch in t mch nguyn l vi LAYOUT PLUS

Cc bn ch rng, khi cc bn m mt project, thc ra c 2 mn hnh c m ra. Nhng ban u, chng ta ch lm vic vi mn hnh SCHEMATIC, tc l mn hnh v mch nguyn l. Mn hnh th hai l mn hnh dng qun l cc file trong project. Cc bn nn hiu, vic xut t mch nguyn l ra mch in, cng ging nh vic bn lp trnh. Sau khi vit chng trnh bng ngn ng trc quan sinh ng v gi nh, cc bn s dng cc chng trnh dch dch ra file .exe chy, hoc dch ra file .hex np cho PIC. Vy th ORCAD cng vy, ban u cc bn dng mn hnh trc quan sinh ng v cc mch nguyn l, ORCAD s h tr cc bn dch file mch nguyn l sang mch in. Vic xut ra cc file ny hon ton c thao tc cp file. Cc bn chn Window, v chn mn hnh qun l file nh hnh sau. Trong project ny, ti t tn project l DEV_220505. V vy, cc bn chn mn hnh DEV_220505.

Mn hnh qun l file s nh sau:

Cc bn x cc nhnh cy qun l file ra, cc bn s thy trong project dev_220505 c 2 cy chnh. Cy th nht l cy SCHEMATIC, cy th 2 l cy Design Cache. Cy th nht qun l cc bn v, ca cc bn. Khi cc bn v cc mch ln, cc bn s cn phi v nhiu bn v, y chng ta ch c mt bn v, do chng ta ch c mt file PAGE1 (tn ny c t t ng bi ORCAD, cc bn khng cn quan tm). Cy th hai l cy Design Cache, trong m t tt c cc linh kin m cc bn s dng trong mch nguyn l. i vi 2 cy ny, cc bn cng khng cn quan tm nhiu lm. Khi cc bn hon thnh xong kha hc c bn ny, cc bn c th c thm hng dn v cc ti liu hng dn chuyn su hn bit cc thao tc vi cc nhnh cy cn li. ORCAD l mt cng c rt mnh, thc hin mt project in t hon thin, v vy, n cung cp thm cc nhnh cy Library, Outputs, Referenced Projects Nhng y, chng ta cha cn quan tm n cc nhnh ny. Cui cng, cc bn hy ch chut vo dev_220505 v nhp vo , cho n c nh du sng mu xanh nh trn hnh. Khi chng ta ch vo v chn gc dev_220505 ny, mi thao tc bin dch s c thc hin vi gc dev_220505 ny. Nu bn ch vo v tr khc, bn s khng th dch c.

Vic u tin, cc bn cn to ra file ch thch cho mch in, vy cc bn chn Tools >> Annotate.

Mt bng ln s hin ra, cc bn ch cn bm OK, v chng ta s s dng ch mc nh ny.

Sau , mt thng bo rng chng ta s lu cc ch thch ny vo trong project ca chng ta, vy bm OK ln na l xong.

Tip theo, cc bn cn phi kim tra xem cc thit k ca mnh ng cha, khi xut ra mch in, s khng c cc li mch m mnh rt kh pht hin, chng hn nh hai chn linh kin trng nhau, mnh v 2 linh kin cng tn Chn Tools >> Design Rules Check s gip bn lm vic ny.

Mt thng bo hin ra, bn ch cn bm OK l xong, cng nh trng hp trn.

Li mt thng bo na hin ra, bn thy rng thng bo ny bo rng c mt vi li trong mch nguyn l ca chng ta. Vy chng ta bm Yes xem cc li l g?

Th d, li c in m, l khng c linh kin no c tn l Thch Anh trong th vin, v n t cu hi vi chng ta.

Li th hai, l c linh kin trng tn C3

Vy chng ta hy bm X tt mn hnh LOG ON thng bo cc li, mn hnh chng ta s hin ra nh trn. Chng ta s chuyn li mn hnh mch nguyn l sa cc li c trong thng bo.

u tin, chng ta sa li tn linh kin khng c tn ThachAnh, n ch c tn CRYSTAL. Thc ra, ban u ti c tnh sa tn linh kin ny li, a vo ti liu hng dn, s thun tin hn cho sinh vin mi hc in t. Do vy li sai ny xut hin, vy chng ta click p vo ch ThachAnh v sa n thnh CRYSTAL.

 cc v tr li linh kin, v li ngun in, s c cc du mu xanh trn nh trn hnh. Chng ta s thy rng, chng ta t tn trng gia 2 linh kin trn. iu ny rt d xy ra khi cc bn copy cc module c thit k sn t cc mch khc dn vo mch ny. Mt lu rng nu cc bn thch thit k cc dng module sau ny c th ct dn, th tt hn cc bn nn t cc ch s ca linh kin ln, khi to ra cc linh kin mi trn mch nguyn l mi, s khng c s trng lp tn. y, ti t C3, nn c kh nng b trng tn. Nu ti t C300 th rt kh c chuyn trng, v mt mch in to ra, chng khi no c ti 300 ci t in. n gin, cc bn ch cn thay tn C3 thnh C4, hoc C100 chng hn, th l xong.

 y, ti sa tn thnh C4.

Chng ta li quay li mn hnh file, v thc hin ng tc Design Rules Check nh lc ny. Kt qu chng ta vn c li sai. Li ny l li chn OUT ca U3 li b ni vi ngun in, trong khi ng output thng phi ni vi linh kin khc.

Cc bn thy , ci du chm xanh l cy trn hnh 78L05, c ni vo ngun 5V, 500mA. Thc ra, chng ta gn mt ci nhn ngun y, chng qua l ch t im ny, s l ngun nui mch chy PIC. V vy, li ny chng ta b qua, v khng cn quan tm ti. Nh vy, qua phn ny, cc bn bit cch kim li v sa li trn mch nguyn l vi Capture/ORCAD. Cc bn cng nh mt iu rng, khng nht thit phi sa tt c cc li, iu quan trng nht khi xut ra mch in l, linh kin bn s dng c s chn ging linh kin tht, v th t cc chn ging linh kin tht. Bi v khi xut ra mch in, n ch quan tm n s chn linh kin, v cch b tr cc chn . V d c th, to mt diode trn mch in, bn hon ton c th v trn mch nguyn l l mt in tr. Sau khi bn xut ra mch in, th in tr hay diode g, thc ra cng ch l hai l chn. n lc , bn cm diode vo chng ai ni g c bn. Tuy nhin, nu bn v mt transistor, nhng th t chn 1,2,3 v v tr trng ng e,c,b ca transistor tht v transistor trn mch nguyn l khng ging nhau, th n lc xut ra mch in, c th bn s b tro chn. Do vy, hy v mch nguyn l cng ging vi thc t cng tt, linh kin no c th tm c trong orcad th s dng ng linh kin trong mch nguyn l. Linh kin no khng tm c, th ly mt linh kin c s chn tng ng v c th t chn tng ng thay th.

Sau cng, cc bn lm ng tc to ra mch in. i vi ORCAD, mt mch in chnh l mt file cha to ca cc linh kin, v ng ni t cc chn linh kin vi nhau. ng ni chn linh kin ny, vi chn linh kin khc. Cc ng ni chung c gi l mt Net, chnh v vy, vic xut ra file chy mch in, c gi l Creat Netlist (to ra danh sch cc Net). Lu rng, cc bn phi lun click vo gc dev_220505 th mi thc hin c cc lnh Annotate, Check Rules v Creat Netlist. Nu khng s khng lm c.

Cc bn s thy mt bng hin ra nh sau, cc bn chn Tab Layout xut ra file .MNL dng cho Layout Plus. Layout Plus l phn mm dng v mch in. Cc bn chn nh sau:

Cc bn chn Options: Run ECO to Layout, User Properties are in inches. Bi v cc mch in u c khong cch chn theo inches. Cc bn nhn OK l c, v file to ra c ch n th mc hin hnh ca bn, v tn file cng c t ng t theo tn project ca bn. Nh vy, n bc ny, cc bn hon thnh xong vic xut ra file .MNL dng cho Layout Plus. Cc bn c th tt Capture, v m Layout Plust ln. Tuy vy, theo kinh nghim lm vic ca ti, v chng ta c qu nhiu linh kin trn mch, ri cc chn, chng ta cn cn tham kho khi cn thit n mch nguyn l, v vy, cc bn c Capture chy, v m Layout plus ln.

Chng ta tm thi kt thc phn 2 ca tutorial y, v cc bn bit cch xut ra file mch in t Capture. Phn sau, chng ta s hc cch lm th no v mch in vi Layout Plus, v cc thao tc hiu chnh mch cho ng vi yu cu thit k ca chng ta.