--

What is Color?
Psycho-physical phenomena Electro-magnetic radiation Due to photo-chemical reactions in the eye Visual experience independent of shape or duration

- Spectral, Nonspectral and Achromatic Colors

--

13-2 C d o r And Color PropemeS

Figure 13- 1 Spectrum Of Electromagnetic Radiations

10-l~

10-16 10-15

1OZ

COSMIC RAYS

102

10 10-14 10-13 10-12 10-11 10-10

1o

4
-

GAMMA RAYS

t
L -

1019 1018
1016
10~

X-RAYS

-~
ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION

10-7

VISIBLE LIGHT

10l2 10
1o1O

I 10 ti 10-5

3
3

W a 1

z s

J
W

INFRARED (HEAT) RADIATION

10 103 102 10
1
(Microwaves, Radar)

EHF

lo9 1o8
7

5 z 5

z -

10

1o6
1o5

10

lo2
1

1o4
1o3 1o2 10
c1

o3

1o4

1o5

_-

Color And M o r Ropedes 13-3

Hues Of Monochromatic Light

i l

(mu)

Color

435 - 480 480 - 490

490 - 500

380 380 435

u v
Violet Blue Turquoise Bluish-Green Green Yellowish-Green Yellow Orange Red I (near) R

560 - 580 580 - 595 595 - 650 650 - 780

780+

500 560

_-

Figure 13-2 Interaction Of Light With Matter

- Reflected - Absorbed - Transmitted

Figure 13-3 Object Color

Observer

<

Surroundings

At Least Four Variables?

--

1 3 6 Cob And Cdw RopemeS

Factors In Perceived Color

Spectral energy distribution of the light source Reflectance characteristics of the sample and surroundings Geometric properties of the sample Response characteristics of observer's eye Intangibles

_-

Metamerism
Definition Objects which appear to match or evoke the same color under at least one light source but have different spectral reflectance curves and can appear not to match under a different light source are metameric objects or exhibit metamerism. Variations Illuminant metamerism
Observer metamerism Geometric metamerism Instrument metamerism

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13-8 Cdor And Color Properties

Color Measurement
Colorimeter - Measures amount of visual red, green, blue components reflected from colored sample. Tri-stimulus values, X, Y, Z Reveals metamerism SDectroDhotometer- Gives non-metameric color matches spectral reflectance Color Eye - Combination of a colorimeter and a spectrophotometer

Color And C d o r Ropertles 13-9

Computer Color Matching

primary Dyeings
I

Measurement
I

Recipe, Costs,

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13-10 CdW And

cdor Propertle~

Advantages of Computer Color Matching

Reduce the number of production adds Match colors at lower costs Provide consistent distribution of shades Control dye inventory levels Monitor dye quality

Color And color Rope-

13-11

Limitations Of Computer Color Matching

Accuracy of dyeing processes Textile materials Optical theories and measurements Original dye selection Economic factors

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13-12 cdor And Cdor Properties

Use Of Color Instruments

AmZications Match shades
Dyeing process Shadesorting Quality control

Limitations Multi-color designs

Textured fabrics Defining acceptable shade ranges

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Color And C d o r Properties 13-13

Sources Of Color Variations

(In Dyeing)

Raw Materials Substrate (Fiber, Yarn, or Fabric)

Preparation of Substrate Dyes Dyeing Assistants (Chemical Aux.1 Water

Processing Time
Temperature Machine'kpeed" Steam Quality Liquor Ratio

Etc. (Including subsequent processing, Le. Finishing)

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13-14 M r And Color Properlies a