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Questions for CSIR NET JRF PaperII

1. Compare & contrast : a sodium atom & a sodium ion ; a double bond & a triple bond ; an atom of weak & strong electronegativity ; the electron distribution around an oxygen atom to another oxygen atom & an oxygen atom bound to two H-atoms. (Karp, 36) 2. Why do polar molecules dissolve so readily in water? Why dont fat droplets dissolve in water? What is the concept behind formation of fat droplets in water? 3. What do you understand by catenation? Which atom shows catenation? What properties of carbon atom are critical to life? Which compound makes the bulk of a living organism? 4. If you were to add HCl to water , what effect would this have on the hydrogen ion concentration? On the pH? On the ionic charge of any protein in solution? What is the relationship between a conjugate acid & its base? 5. What is meant by protein domains & motifs ? How protein folding takes place? Where protein folding takes place? Why some proteins are found as quaternary structure? 6. How are the properties of an alpha helix different from a beta strand? How are they similar? How do each of these secondary structure affect the properties of a protein, such as silk? 7. Name two nonpolar amno acids. Sickle cell anaemia results from a substitution of a valine for a glutamate. What do you expect the effect might be if mutation were to have placed a leucine at that site? Or an aspartate? (Karp, 80) 8. Match the following: GroupA GroupB a) RNA polymerase i) NADPH formation b) Lipids ii) DNA polymerase-I c) Sucrose iii)Reducing sugar d) Klenow fragment iv) A biomolecule e) DNA replication v) RNA synthesis f) Okazaki fragments vi)rDNA g) Nucleoli vii) DNA polymerase-III h) TCA cycle viii) DNA ligase i) Light dependent reaction ix) British Biochemist x) Fatty acids + Glucose xi) Nucleus xii) A protein 9. Which of the two photosystems operates at the most negative redox potential? Which among them generates the strongest reducing agent? Which among them must absorb 4 photons during each round of non cyclic photophosphorylation? Name some accessory pigments that surround each photosystem?

_____________________________________________________________________ http://www.biotecnika.org 10. Of the following substances PQH2, reduced cytochrome b6, reduced feredoxin, NADP+, NADPH, O2, H2O, Tyrz+, Which is the strongest reducing agent? Which is the strongest oxidising agent? Which has the strongest affinity for electrons? Which has the most energetic electron? (Karp, 241) 11. In photosynthesis, the capture of light results in the release & subsequent release & transfer of electrons. What is the reaction behind the process of photosynthesis? From what molecules are the electrons eventually derived? In what molecules do these electrons eventually reside? (Karp, 242) 12. What is tight junction? How does the structure of tight junction contribute to its function? What does freeze fracture analysis tell you about the structure of a junction that cant be learned by the examination of stained tissue sections? (Karp, 270) 13. Describe the components that make up a plant cell wall & the role of each in the walls structure & function. Distinguish between cellulose & hemicellulose, a cellulose molecule & a myofibril, a pprimary cell wall & a secondary cell wall. (Karp, 275) 14. In which part of a cell would you expect the following compounds to be first incorporated : 3H leucine , 3H sialic acid, 3H mannose, 3H choline, 3H glucuronic acid, 3H pregnenolone, 3H rhamnose. (karp, 331) 15. Draw a schematic diagram of microtubule. What is myosin & kinesin? Some members of kinesin family contain only a single heavy chain. How would you expect their activity in an in vitro motility assay to differ from that of kinesin itself? (Karp, 394) 16. Describe the difference between a primary transcript, a transcription unit, a mature mRNA & a processing intermediate. (Karp, 471) 17. Compare the organisation of the genes that code for the large rRNA, 5S RNA, & tRNA within the invertebrate genome. What is the relationship between hnRNA & mRNA? 18. What are Barr bodies? Who gave the concept of Barr bodies? How many Barr bodies would you expect in a female with 3 X chromosome? Why? (Karp, 548) 19. What is cDNA library? How it is different from a genomic DNA library? What is the significance of cDNA library over genomic library? 20. Suppose that Messelson & stahl had carried out their experiment by growing cells in medium with 14-N & then transferred the cells to medium containing 15-N. How would the bands within the centrifuge tubes have appeared if replication were semiconservative? If replication were conservative? If replication were dispersive?(Karp, 578) 21. What is autoradiography? Describe how the use of 3-H thymidine & autoradiography can be used to determine the length of the various periods of the cell cycle (Karp, 590) 22. What is the effect of fusing a cell in G1 with one in S; of fusing a G1 phase cell with one in M; of fusing a G2 or s phase cell with one in M?

_____________________________________________________________________ http://www.biotecnika.org 23. Describe the events that occur in a cell during prometaphaase & during anaphase. How do the events of mitotic prophase prepare the chromatids for later separation at anaphase? (Karp, 608) 24. Constrast the overall roles of mitosis & meiosis in the lives of a plant or animal. How do the nuclei formed by these two processes differ from one another? 25. What is crossing over? Describe Holliday model of crossing over? Is this a type of recombination? How? 26. How was it demonstrated that genetic recombination took place by a breakage & reunion mechanism? In which phase of cell cycle does this happen? What are the other events that take place during this phase? 27. How the Ca2+ concentration of a cell is is maintained? What is the role of calcium binding protein in eliciting a response? Why the concentration of signal molecule changes during signalling? 28. Ca2+ , IP3, & cAMP have all been described as secondary messangers. In what ways are their mechanism of action similar or different? Suggest some primary messangers that transfers their signal to secondary messangers. 29. describe the two forms of diabetes & the causes of its occurrence. Suggest 3 molecular abnormalities that results in increase in sugar level in blood & urine of an individual 30. What do you understand by programmed cell death? Why certain cells have longer half life than others? What all molecules are involved in this event? 31. Which type of analytical techniques were used to conclude the structure of DNA? Make a list of the various forms of DNA? Which form of DNA is mostly found in humid conditions? Why? 32. emphasize on the composition of plasma membrane. Which component of plasma membrane gives flexibility to the membrane? Why some proteins reside inside the membrane while others remain as extrinsic protein? 33. How can one determine a)membrane sidedness; b) the location of transmembrane segment in the amino acid sequence; c) the relative location of transmembrane segment, d) diversity of integral protein that reside in purified membrane fraction? (karp, 139) 34. what is active transport? Make a list of the active transport going inside a living cell. Is always an endergonic reaction coupled with an exergonic reaction? What we call the proteins that carry out active transport? 35. many different types of cells possess receptors that bind steroid hormones. Where in the cell do you think these receptors might reside? Name a hormone that regulates blood glucose level. Where in the cell the insulin receptor shoule reside? & why? 36. describe the major structural 7 biochemical differences between C3 & C4 plants. How do these differences affect the ability of these plants to grow in hot & dry climates? 37. Describe the basic plan of TCA cycle, indicating the reactions that require energy input. Why it is called as a cycle? Why does energy has to be expended in this pathway? What are the eventual products of this pathway?

_____________________________________________________________________ http://www.biotecnika.org 38. What is the relationship between the energy content of a photon & wavelength of light? How does the wavelength of light determine whether or not it will stimulate photosynthesis? What is the role of accessory pigments in photosynthesis? 39. What are cyclic & non cyclic photophosphorylation? Who discovered the cyclic potophosphorylation? Why they are so called? DO the two pathways join or not? Why? 40. Why are catabolic pathways described as convergent and anabolic pathways as divergent? Compare the energy obtained by a cell that oxidises glucose anaerobically or aerobically. For More Life Sciences Related downloads, Visit www.biotecnika.org/downloads

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