IS 6403:1981 ( Reaffirmed 1997)

Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR DETERMINATION OF BREAKING CAPACITY OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (

First Revision)

Sixth Reprint FEBRUARY 1998

UK

624.151.5:624.131.52

:006.76

o COoyr;ghf 1981 BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

110002

MANAK BHAVAN,

9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHI

Gr 4

November 1981

IS 6403:1981

Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR DETERMINATION OF BREAKING CAPACITY OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS (
Foundation
Chairman PnoF DXNESH MOHAN Members DE R. IL BHAND~RI CEXXF EN QXNEER S rim S. GUHA ( .Mmrndt ) SHRI M. G. DLNDAVATE SIiRI N. C. DUGQAL ( Alfematc DB R. K. DA8 GUPTA ADDITIONAL CBIEr ENOINEEE SHIU A. G. DAETIDMZ SERX V. C. DEBEPANDE DIRECTOR ( CSMRS ) DLCPUTY131 RECTOB CSMRS ( SHRI A. H. DIVANJI Central Building Roorkec Calcutta Port Trust, Research Calcutta Institute ( CSIR )

First Revision)
Sectional Committee,
Reprinting Central Building Roorkee Research Insti! ute ( CSIR ),

Engineering

BDC 43

The Concrete Association of India, Bombay ) Simplex concrete Piles ( India ) Pvt Ltd, Calcutta ( Af@mat# ) In personal capacity ( 5 Hungerfard Road, 121 Hungerford Stwrt, Calcutta ) The Pressure Piling Co ( I ) Pvt Ltd, Bombay Central Water Commission, New Delhi ) ( Afhrndt ) Asia Foundations and Construction Co Pvt Ltd, Bombay

Srm~A. N. JANQLE ( Alternate) DR JAIJDItUI NARAm Indian Gcotechnic Society, New Delhi Prtor SWAMI SARAN ( Akmafc ) SHRI G. S. JLIN G. S. Jain & Associates, Roorkee SHIt~ ASROX KUmAR JAIN ( Alt.rrrate ) JOINT DIRECTOR ( D ) National Buildings Organisatio,n, New Delbf SHRI SUNIL BEEY ( Alternate ) JO~STM ~DIREOTOR REBEAXCH Ministry of Railways ( RDSO ) JOINT DIRTCCTOB RWIEAROE ( B & S ) ( Altwnatt )

( Con#inucd m Page 2 ) @ Zopyright 1981

OF INDIAN STANDARDS BUREAU This publication is protected under the Indian Cop~ight Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.

1
Jrom piJAI~ I ,i4tmbers

Contlnutd

Represmlin~ Indian Irrstitutc of Tec}mokrgy, Bombay M, N. Dastur & Co Pvt Ltd, Calcutta Public Works Department, Chandigarh Administr*-tion, Charv+!garh Central Warchous,ng Corporation, New Dclhi Machcnzics Limited, Bombay Engineers India Limited, New Delhi

I}R R. K. KArI1 -+Nc1]S. R. KIILKAR~r St(Rt S. ROY ( Altcnrate ) >I!lii O, P. MA LHOTRA

-), IJtf,4 P. M~,rllust <,,,<! \. 1+, ,MATHCR >IIEI ~. ~. D. k[UNSr St+N1 ,M. lYENo Ai2 ( Alternate ) lingincer-in-Chief s Branch, Army Headquarters, ]+11[, ohlBIR Sl~OK New Delhi MAJ H. K. BRUTANI ( A!t.rnate ) The Hindustan Construction Company Limited, SIII~[ f{. K, PANTHAKY Bombay SHrzI V. M. MLDQm ( Af(crnatc ) Ccmindia Co i.tri, Bombay :iHR] M. R. PUXJA SR~l S. MUKIIRRJEE ( Afftrrratt ) The Braithwaite Burn & Jcswp Construction Co Ltd, S}{R] ~. E. V. ~A13HVAN Calcutta Vijayanagar Steel Plant ( St.rl Authority of India ), %I,i[ A. .A. IIAJw New Delhi Clniv=rsityO( R.oorkee,Roorkee P p!c, >F (;,,,4L ~ANJAN Gammon India Limited, Bombay Slit+[ 1. Y. !Y!:5BAFiAo >t{tt1 S. A, RrJnul ( ,4/twmrtc ) Bok.ar~ka~~el Plant ( Steel Authority of India ), \ u RTY. V. NArtASISS~A RACI !)11 \. V. S. RAO iNagadi Consultants Pvt Ltd, Nrw Delhi siIni AHJUN RJJHSI~,; NANI Cement Corporation of India. New Delhi SHR[ ~. S, SItIVA9TAVA ( Affernate ) 1)R A. SAKGLTNAN College of Engineering, Guindy S!{BL S. BOrIMtNATnAN ( Af/trrrate I S,IRI K, R. SAXENA Public Works Department, Government of Andhra Pradesh, Hydcrabad [Jnitcd Technical Consultants Pvt Ltd, Ncw Delhi I)R S. P SHRIVASTAVA r)~ R KAPUR ( ,4ffernafe ) S[{]{l .~. slVA. >UltU ?vLnistry of Shipping and Transport, New Delhi >11Rr 1). V. SIKKA [ Aftwnate ) New Delhi Central Public Works Department, ENGINEER < .7r~[tl,N,rk:~ul~r3 ( DWIIJNS )
EXECIITIVW I? NoIN1713R DIVJTONS ) V ( Af/wnaft ) .HI{I hf D. TAM DEKAFt [)R ,4. VA HADARAJAN [)({ R. KANIBAJ ( Alternate ) ~Hi{l G. RAMAN, Director ( Civ Engg )

Bombay Port Trust, Bombay Indian Institute of Technology, Director General,

Ncw Delhi

1S1 ( Ex-ofi/io Member )

Secretnry S~Rt K. M. MATIII-R Deputy Dlrcc!or ( Civ Engg ), 1s1 ( Confinad on page 16)

IS 6403:1981

Indian Standard
CODE OF PMCTICE FOR DETERhf~ATION OF BREAKING CAPACITY OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS

( First Revision)

O.

FOREWORD

0.1 This Indian Standard ( First Revision ) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 30 January 1981, after the draft finalized by the Foundation Engineering Sectional Committee had been approved by the
Civil Engineering Division Covncil.

0.2 The bearing capacity of foundations is needed for dimensioning the Several methods are available for the foundation for any structure. determination of bearing capacity of shallow foundations anti this standard gives some of the methods which are commonly used for the Comparison of the results shows that when each of the various purpose. methods is applied to different problems no one method consistently gives higher or lower values of allowable bearing pressure. The designer must therefore regard the methods as aids to design which cannot replace the critical role of engineering judgement.

0.2.1 This standard was first published in 1971. The principal modifications made in this revision are: (a) keeping its terminology in line with that of other related Indian Standards, (b) giving generalized equations for calculation of ultimate bearing capacity, (c) including cone penetration methods and (d) deleting adjustment for fine sand and silt.
requirement of of <irciding whether a particular 0.3 For the purpose this stmdard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or anaiysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with IS: 2-1960*. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
q Rules for rounding off numerical values ( reci$td ).

IS 6403:1981 1. SCOPE 1.1 This standard covers the procedure for determining the ultimate bearing capacity and allowable bearing pressure of shallow foundations based on shear and allowable settlement criteria. 2. TERMINOLOGY 2.0 For apply. the purpose Relating
of

of this

standard,

the following

definitions

shall

2.1 Tersrss

to Bearing
loading

Capacity intensity on the foundation

of displaced soil above the weight

2.1.1 Net Loadinx Intensity The net loading

is the gross inttnsity the foundation b:tse. minus

2.1.2 lrltimatc Bearing Capacity The irltensity of loading at the base of the foundation which would cause sitear failure of the soil support. of loading that the 2.1.3 Safe Bra ring Capacity Maxirnunl intensity foundation will safely carry without the risk of shear failure of soil irrespective of any sert!ement that may occur.
settlement 2.1.4 Safe B~aring Preswre or Net Soil Pressure for spectjird The iiltensity of )oading that will cause a permissible settlement or specified settlement of the structure.

2.1.5 Allowable Bearin~ Capactty The net intensity of loading which the found ati{~rl will carry without undergoing settlement in excess of rhe under consideration but not exceeding permissible value for the structure net safe bearing capacity. 2.2 General Terms

2.2.1 Dmsip Index ( Relative Density ) The ratio of the difference between the void ratios of cohesionless soil in the loosest state and any given state to the difference between its void ratios at the loosest and
densest states.

2.2.2 Efective Surcharge at the Base Level of Foundation The intensity computed assuming of vertical pressure at the base level of foundation, total unit weight for the portion of soil above the water table and submerged unit weight for the portion below the water table. 2.2.3 Footing A structure constructed concrete under the base of a wall or column ing the load over a larger area. in brickwork, masonry or for the purpose of distributwhich is in direct contact

2.2.4 Foundation That part of a structure with soil and transmits loads into it. 4

IS 6403:1981 2.2.5 Shallow Foundation A foundation whose width is greater than its depth. The shearing resistance of the soil in the sides of the foundation is generally neglected. 3. SYMBOLS 3.1 For the purpose of this code and unless otherwise defined in the text, the following letter symbols shall have the meaning indicated against each: A = Area of footing in cms

A = Effective

in cmz B = Width of strip footing, width of footing, side of square footing, diameter of circular footing in cm width of footing in kgf/cms cohesion cohesion of the top layer in in cm b= c= Half of B Cohesion Undrained kgf/cm*

area of footing

B = Effective

q -

c% = Undrained in kg f/cm3 D1 = d= Dw = Depth

of the lower in cm layer with

clay layer

Depth of foundation Depth of top cohesion Cl factors Eccentricity clay

to water table in cm undrained

dc, da, dy = Depth e=

of loading of loading of loading component factors

in cm along the width in in

en = Eccentricity cm CL = H=
ic, ia,

Eccentricity cm Horizontal Inclination

along the length of loading in kgf

iy =

Xa =

Depth factor ( varies linearly from 1 for depth Dt = O to 133 for depth Dr = B )

L . Length of footing in cm L = Effective length of footing in cm NX., ~., Na, .iVa, .Ny, Ny Corrected = Bearing 5 standard capacity penetration value factors

IS 6403:1981 N~ =- tan ( tr14 i- d]2 ) g = Effective surcharge at the base level of foundation in kgf/cms qa e Net soil pressure for a specified settlement of 25 mm in kg f/cm* 90 =
qu = q~ =

Static cone

penetration

resistance

in kgf/ on on

Cms
Net ultimate bearing capacity general shear failure in kgf/cmz

based based

Net ultimate bearing capacity local shear failure in kgf/cms Relative ~a~l;ection density of soil factor for location

R u W =

of

water

fc, $a, $y = Shape factors a = Inclination of the load degrees # == Angle of degrees shearing

to

the vertical of soil

in in

resistance

-f = Bulk unit weight 4. GENERAL

of foundation

soil kgf/cms

4.1 Sufficient number of undisturbed samples, about 40 to 100 mm in diameter or more or block samples should be obtained, where possible. are for the determination of field density of soil and These samples
conducting tests for determining the relevant shear and parameters of the soil. Tests on soils shouId be conducted with relevant parts of IS : 2720*. 4.z Position and fluctuation of water table Reference may be made to 1S : 1892-1979t guidance regarding investigations and collection consolidation in accordance

should be ascertained. and 1S :2132-1972$ for of data.

5. ULTIMATE

NET

BEARING

CAPACITY

5.0 General types of faihtre of soil support beneath the Three foundations have been recognized, depending upon the deformations associated with the load and the extent of development of failure surface. ..
*Me[hod. of test for soils. Kbdc of practice for subsurface investigations for foundations ( ,fi,II r.oi~ion ). ~Code of practice for chin-walled tube sampling of soih ( fird rmision ).

IS 6403:1981 They are: a) general shear failure, b) local shear failure and c) punching shear. The choice of which method of analysis is best suited in a given situation is difficult to make, because only limited test data are available on full sized tlxmdations to verify the reliability of the computed bearing capacity. However, guidelines given in relevant clauses may be Wherever possible bearing capacity calculations used for guidance. shall be made on the basis of shear strengtk parameters # and c obtained or from appropriate shear tests [ sw IS :2720 ( Parts XI and XIII)*] from plate load test results as given in IS: M@N81t Oi from static cone peuetratiou resistance ge obtained from static cone penetration test as given in IS : 4968( Part 111 )-1976$.
5.0.1

Effect of Eccentricity

a) Single Eccentricity If the load has an eccentricity e, with respect to the centroid of the foundation in only one direction, then the dimension of the footing in the direction of eccentricity ehall be reduced by a length equal to 2 t. The modi%d dimension shall be used in the bearing capacity equation and m determining the effective area of the footing in resisting the load. m and en ) b) Double ficentrici~ If the load has double eccentricity wit h respect to the centroid of the footing then the effective dimensions of the fating to be used in determining the bearing capacity as well as in computing the effective area of the footing
in resisting the load shall be determined L=L-2u= as given below:

B=B-2e, A =Lx 5.1 Soils

with Cohesion

and Angle of Shemissg Reeistatmce ultimate net

5.1.1 The folIowing formulz shall be used for calculating bearing capacity in the case of strip footings: a) In b) In case case of general shear failure

qa = cJVe + q ( .Na 1 ) +

+BY ~y
of local shear failure ga = # c~e + g ( Na j ByWy 1 ) -i-

The values of No, Nc,

Na, Ng,

WY and My may be obtained

from

Table 1.
q Methods of testfor soils: Part X1 Determination of shearstrength parametersof speciroen tested in unconsolidated undrained triaxiat comprcmion without the mcuuremeot of pore water pressure, and Part XIII Direct shear test ( Jrrt rmi~n ). q

tMcthod $Method

of load test on soils ( Jaond rwijwn

for subsurface sounding for soiix

1.

Part III Static aone penetration test

(Jr$l rm,ion).

IS 6403:

1981

TABLE 1 BEARING CAPACITT FACTORS

( CLIIA$8 .1. I ) 5 ~. ..--.~ BSARIHO CAFAOITY FAOTOBa .. . Nq Nc 514 649 100 157 .. NY

(Dc~ees)
0

000

0,45
1,22 2.65

10
15

8.35
1098

247
394

20 25 30
35

14:83
2072

3014
4612

640 1066 1840 !W30

6420 13488 31907

5.39 1088 2240 4803

10941 271-76 76F89
tan+

40 45 50

75.31 13888 266.89

valuet of Ne, Nq and Ny, calculate # NOTIt For obtaining Read Nc, Nq, and NY. from the Tahlc eorrrspnnding to the (0671 an+j. of + 1nwcad Of + which are values of Nc, Nq, Ny respectively.

value

5.1.2 The ultimate net bearing capacity obtained in 5.1.1 for strip the shape of the footing, footing shall be modified to take into account, inclinatiori of loading, depth of embedment and effect of water table. The modified bearing capacity formula are given as under: a) [n case of general shear failure qd } b) In case of local shear ~
failure 5.1.2.1 gd ~

= c,VC~edcic + g( .Ng 1 ) ~adaia

+ ~

BYNy~ydyiy

W
1 ) Jadaia

= # tNc
+

ICdcic + q( Na ~ ByNysydyiy W

Tbe shape factors shall be as given in Table 2.

TABLE 2
sKAPlr Or ~ABE

SHAPE

FACTORS
SHAPB

%
O

~.A.A #c Continuous Rcctanr,lc Square Circle Uie L?as the diameter strip I +02 I 00 B/L 13 13 in the bearing
capacity

FAOTOB $q JY

I.00
l+ O2B/L I 2 1.2 formula.

100
1-0-4 B/L

ii) iii) iv)

08
06

5.1.2.2

The

depth factors shall be as under: OO 01 D1/B~~+

for ~ > 10

ii. ===1 + 0-2 Dt/B q~ dq=dy=lfor~<l

dq = dy = 1 +

NOTIt The correction compaction.

is to be applied

only when back filIing is the

with propar

5.1.2.3

The inclination

factor shall be as under:

C= =(-%J =(l--;Y
5.1.2.4 E/Jbct of water tabla

a) If the water table .is likely to permanently depth of ( Dr + B ) beneath the ground footing then W == 1.

remain at or below a level surrounding the

at a depth D! or likely to rise to the b) If the water table is located base of the footing or above then the value of W shall be taken as 05.

c) If the water table is likely to permanently got located at depth D! < Dw < ( Dr -!- B ), then the value of W be obtained by
llnear interpolation.

5.2 Cohesionless
shall be calculated

Soil ( c = O ) The u] timate net as given in 5.2.1 and 5.2.2.

bearing

capacity

5.2.1 Ba~cd on Relative Density The formukz given in %1.1 and shall be used, together with relevant shear strength parameter.
a guide
5.2.1.1 The relative density to de[crrnine the method 3 METHOD
OF

5.1.2
as

as given in Table
of analysis.

3 shall be used

TABLE
SL

ANALYSIS BASED ON RELATJVE DENSITY

VOID RATLO Less than 055 Greater than 0.75 055 to 0.75 CONDXT]ON Deasc M~TSSOD ox AX?ALYOIS General shear

ILE.LATIVE DENSITY

No. i)

( DEXa[TY

IxTmE

C.:eater than 70 percent

ii)

Less than 20 pcrccnt

Lowe

Local chear ( as well punching shear ) Interpolate i) and ii) between

iii)

20 to 70 percent

Medium

IS 6403:

1981

Bated an S[andard Penetration Resistance Value The standard 5.2.2 penetration resistance shall be determined as per IS : 213! -1981 q at a number of selected points at intervals of 75 cm in the vertical direction c;r change of strata if it takes place earlier and the average value beneath each point shall be determined between the level of the base of the footing and the de~th equal to 15 to 2 times the width of foundation. In computing the average any individual value more than 50 percent greater than the average shall be neglected, but the values for all loose seams shall be included. 5.2.2.1 The ultimate net bearing capacity shall be calculated from fo]lowing formula ( covering effect of other factors as mentioned in 5.1.2 ):
gd=$(~q 1 )

~Qdqia + ~ ByNyqdyiy

Where # may be read from Fig. 1, Ny, ,Vq may be read from Table 1, Sa, dQ, iq, syj dy, iy, and W may be obtained as in 5.1. 5.2.3 Method Based on Static Cone Penetration Test The static cone point resistance gc shall be determined as per IS : 4968 ( Part 111 )- 1976t at The observed number of selected points at intervals of 10 to 15 cm. values shall be corrected for the dead weight of sounding rods. Then the average value at each one of the location shall be determined between the level of the base of the footing and the depth equal to 1~ to 2 times the width of the footing. The average of the static cone point resistance values shall be determined for each one of the location and minimum of the average values shall be used in the design. The uitimate bearing capacity of shallow strip footings on cohesionless soil deposits shall be determined from Fig. 2. 5.3 Cohesive Soil ( when + = O )

5.3.1.1 The net ultimate bearing capacity immediately after const~ii..tl(;,, on fairly saturated homogeneous cohesive soils shall be calculated kmn following formula:
qd =
where

cNe

SC

dc i=

514. Afc == . ... - ...- penetration test *fite~ho~(u; sundard

~kfet}i(,d for subsurface sounding for

for soils ( jrJf rmijim ). soilw Part 111 Static cone

penetration

test

: firuxruriltin ).

IS 6403:1981

I .
q \ 0
N

u u z ; i% :

>0

o m o u _- \
-i

z
0 a 0 m

F-

_____ ,1

0 -a

~+

i __.._] I

..+. -.. I
28 30 32
OF

1
3fi 36 38 60
INTERNLL FRICTION, RELATIONSHIP

1~. ,

7
BETWEEN

_
bb (+6

L2

ANGLE

C$ (DEGREES) ~ AND
N

FIG. 1

11

IS 6403:

1981

1
8 tj c-m
FIG. 2 CHART FOR STATIC CONE TEST The value c,f c shall be rrbtainet! from unetrnfil]wl compressive strength test. Alternatively, it can also be de] ivecl from stalic cone test The values of JC, dc and ie ma:; be obtaint+ as it! 5.1 If ( JCg5.3.1.2). the shear strength for a depth of ~i3 beneath the founciatioll does not by more tl-san 50 percent, the average may be depart from the average used in the calculation.

5.3.1.2 Alternately, cohesion c shall be determined from the static cone point resistance qe using the empirical relaticmship shown below:
Soil Typ Normally consol\dated clays Over consolidated clays

Poini Resiltcmct Vahscs

( q. ) kgf/cm$,
q. <20

Rarrgt of Undraintd Cohesion { kg f/cm: ) q,/:8 to gC/15

q. >

20

5.3.2 Two Lir~ertd Sjstem In the case of two layered cohesive stril system ~hich do not exhibit marked anisotropy the ultimate net bearing capacity of a strip footing can be calculated by using the formula given be[,~w:
qa c1 N.

where N= may be obtained

from Fig. 3,

IS 6403:1981
5.3.3 Dcsiccatcd Soil In the case of desiccated cohesive soils, the undrained cohesion is likely to decrease along with depth and is likely to getstabilized atsomedeptll below grrJl]nd kvel, usually 35m, if other values as If u plot of undrained cohesion, factors do not influence. shown ir] Fig. 4 is obtained, anti where the pressure bulb falls within the desiccated top soil the ultimate net bearing capacity shall be obtained f]om Table 4.

c1

c, .
p

~____i +-/ f :~.~ ;~~

-- ~ ~ ;. ~ i --.
.1 ---~--~--

1 ;n~o
~P .

!p. ~

...- . . .,

1 .. <. ... . ,,

. ...!.

i:

.l.

. .. . . .

/ 06 . ..-. , . .. --- ~+--+..;-.-.;-----~..-, ~/ ~ / 6 -----i---i--<--l---+-l--::!i

i - -~-;1

1 ~

,. ... L....-..

l---:VET/-TT--l---TT----!i t

bflmttt--l
BEARING

FIG. 3

CAPACITY FACTORS FOR LAYERED COHESIVE SOIL DEPOSITS 13

IS 6403:1981

--

A- DECREASE IN COHESION, C IN kgf/cm2 PER UNIT DEPTH OF FOUNDATION SOIL IN cm

FXG. 4

BEARING

CAPACITY

FACTORS

FOR DESICCATED

COHESIVE

SOIL

TABLE 4 DATA FOR DETERMINING

BEARING CAPACITY

ULTIMATE

NET

qd c1 00 02 97

04 06 08
10

so +5 40 !+6

32
from the borehole data, and for a known value footing B, by trial and error qa can be

of the width
estimated

A, c1 shall be obtained of the strip by matching

with -f$.
qd

8AB

6. ALLOWABLE

BEARING
bearing is less:

CAPACITY
capacity shall be taken as either by

6.1 The allowable

following, whichever

of the
suit-

a) Net ultimate bearing capacity as obtained in 5 divided able factor of safety, that is, net safe bearing capacity.

14

IS 6403: b;

1981

~he net soil pressure (~ec6.1.l ) that can beimposedon the base wi[t~out the settlement exceeding the permissible values as given iri IS : 1904- 1978* to be determined for each structure and type of soil, that is, safe bearing pressure.

settlements for different 6.1.1 Safe Bearing Prersure The permissible types of soil formations are specifiedin IS : 1904- ~978*. The methods for calculations of settlements for assumed pressure are specified in IS :8009 ( Part i )- 1976t; by calculating the settlements for two or three probable soil pressures and interpolating, the net soil pressure for permissible settlement may be estimated.

*Code of practice for structural safety of buildings: Shallow foundation ( swofid revision ). Part I Shallow foundations tCode of practice for calculation of foundations: subjcctcd to symmetrical static vertical loads.

15

IS 6403:

1981

Continued from )dgr 2 )

Ikaririg

Capacitv

of I?oundaiiorl

Subctxnmittec,

13DC

43:4

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AMENDMENT NO, 1 TO

MAY 1984

1S:6403-1981 CODE OF PRACTICE FOR DETERMINATION OF BEARING CAPACITY OF SHALL(W FOUNDATIONS

(First /?0vi8ion)

Alterations ----. (Page 10, eb8e

Substitute

S.2,2, I.aetaentince)
for any the exhtlng sentence:
value shall values t more be for

the

folloving the value,

In

computing

individual

50 percent of the average calculated than neglected end average re-calculated (the
all loose (Page seams 13, shall however be included).

cliwe 5.3.3):
3 - Substitute 6 Add the around* words failure with surfacef

a) b)

Mte Lhe
Of

for usually
the assumption after

cylindrical

obtained (Page 13, Fig. 3) Substitute c2/clt

for
the

cl/c2.

(Page 14, Fig. 4, capt~m) following for the existing caption: Decreasing Cohesion vith Depth

Substitute

in

Case

of Kh?siccated

Cohesive Soil
(Page 14,

Table 4 andctuaa
~

5.3.3)

Substitute

4AB
d

for 6AEI

(Page 25,
from standard

chuse Cl. 1, line 3) - Add the words pressure. penetration resistance after
-Add the

(Page 15, cl.uuee 6.1.1) sentence in the end:

follouing

TMs safe bearing pressure cm also be calculated based on plate load test (See 1S:1888-1982s).
words

(Page 25, foot-note With * nmk) .-Add the of settlement after calculation. - Add the following additional
on soils

(Page 15, foot-note) foot-note: sMethodof load test

(second ZWV~8~~)t.

(73DC

43)