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29 August 2005
Sampling
Population Population
A sample is a subset of a larger population of objects individuals, households, businesses, organizations and so forth. Sampling enables researchers to make estimates of some unknown characteristics of the population in question A finite group is called population whereas a non-finite (infinite) group is called universe A census is a investigation of all the individual elements of a population
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Sample Sample
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Select a Select a Sampling Frame Sampling Frame Define the Target Define the Target population population
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Sampling Units
The sampling unit is a single element or group of elements subject to selection in a sample. Examples:
Every student at COMSATS whose first name begins with the letter F All child passengers under 18 years of age who are traveling in a train from destination X to destination Y All jeweler shops in sectors F-6, F-7 and F-8 in Islamabad
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Non-Response Error Sampling Frame Error Random Sampling Error Total Population
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Disadvantages include the element of subjectivity (convenience sampling rather than probability-based which leads to improper selection of sampling units)
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Examples are given in your text book. Refer to it as you have been told a thousand times in this course
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Resources Time, money and individual or institutional capacity are very important considerations due to the limitation on them. Often, these resources must be traded against accuracy
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