SUN TRACKING SOLAR CELL

PROJECT REPORT

SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS Submitted by MD SHAMSHUDDIN MOHAMMAD DANISH K C S VENUGOPAL VIVEK KUMAR Reg. No. 081052639 081052645 081052946 081052980

Under the Guidance of Mr. B. GIRIDHAR Assistant Professor

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

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ANNAMALAI

UNIVERSITY

ANNAMALAI NAGAR 608 002 MAY 2012

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ANNAMALAI

UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this Thesis titled SOLAR SUN TRACKING is a bonafide record of the work done by MD SHAMSHUDDIN (081052639), MOHAMMAD DANISH (081052645), K C S VENUGOPAL (081052946), VIVEK KUMAR (081052980) in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Engineering (Electrical & Electronic) during the year 2011 2012.

Mr.B .GIRIDHAR
Project Guide Assistant Professor Department of Electrical Engg. Annamalai University.

Dr. S. VELUSAMI
Professor and Head Dept. of Electrical Engg. Annamalai University

Internal Examiner

External Examiner

Place: Annamalainagar Date:

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We extremely thankful to Dr. S.VELUSAMI, Professor and Head of Department of Electrical Engineering for providing necessary facilities required for completing this work. We would like to express our profound sense of gratitude to our project guide Mr. B GIRIDHAR, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Annamalai University we express our sincere gratitude and hearty thanks to him for his support, valuable suggestions and excellent guidance of every stage of this work. We extent our sincere thanks to our beloved project Co-ordinator Dr. I.A. CHIDAMBARAM Professor in the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering for his valuable advice inspiring encouragement our hearty thanks for timely assistance as without his help this project would have been unimaginable.

MD SHAMSHUDDIN MOHAMMAD DANISH KCS VENUGOPAL VIVEK KUMAR

ABSTRACT
Solar power generation had been used as a renewable energy since years ago. Residential that uses solar power as their alternative power supply will bring benefits to them. The main objective of this project is to develop an automatic solar tracking system which will keep the solar panels aligned with the Sun in order to maximize in harvesting solar power. The system tracks the maximum intensity of light. When the intensity of light is decreasing, this system automatically changes its direction to get maximum intensity of light. LDR light detector is used to trace the coordinate of the Sun. While to rotate the appropriate position of the panel, a DC servo motor is used. The system is controlled by two relays as a driver and a microcontroller as a main processor. This project is covered for a single axis and is designed for residential usage. Finally, the project is able to track and follow the Sun intensity in order to get maximum power at the output regardless motor speed.

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CONTENTS
CHAPTER NO. TITLE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ABSTRACT ABSTRACT (TAMIL) LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES 1 SOLAR TRACKING UNIT 1.1 1.2 Solar Tracker Component Description 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.3 2 Battery Solar Panel Theory and Construction Crystalline Silicon Modules LCD Display PAGE NO. i ii iii vi vii 1 1 3 3 4 6 7 9 14 14 15 16 19 20 20 22 23

INTRODUCTION OF MICROCONTROLLER (8051) 2.1 2.2 2.3 Features of 8051 microcontroller Pin Diagram Pin Description

ARCHITECTURE OF 8051 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Symbol Functions Program Counter and Data Pointer Special Functional Registers 8951 Oscillator and Clock

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SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT 4.1 4.2 4.3 KEIL-C51 Compiler Support for all 8051 Variants Operation

25 25 25 26 27 27 36 36 37 38 38 39 40

SCOPE OF SOLAR TRACKER 5.1 5.2 Type of Solar Collector Drive Types 5.2.1 Active Tracker

5.2.2. Passive Tracker 5.2.3 5.3 6 Chronological Tracker

Applications

CONCLUSION REFERENCES

LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO. 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 2.1 2.2 3.1 3.2 4.1 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 TITLE Horizontal single axis tracker Circuit diagram of real time implementation LCD display V battery Pin Diagram Reset Architecture PAGE NO. 2 4 8 10 15 18 19 23 26 31 32 34 36 37

Crystal oscillator
Keil vision2 Horizontal single axis tracker Tilted single axis tracker Tip-tilt dual axis tracker Slewing drive Passive tracker

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LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO. 1.1 1.2 2.1 LCD Pin Description

TITLE

PAGE NO. 9 13 22

Comparison of the current between fixed pv and using the proposed system

Ports

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