PERCEPTION

WE DONT SEE THINGS AS THEY ARE, WE SEE THINGS AS WE ARE

Defination

Preception is the process through which information from the outside world is selected, received, organized and interpreted to make it meanigful. This input of meaniful information results in decisions and actions. Filtered out Selected Organized Defined

Perception is YOUR interpretation of reality after information/stimuli is

Knowledge Needs Beliefs values Assumptions Attitude

using your existing

THE PERCEPTION PROCESS

Selecting Stimuli
Receiving Stimuli
(Internal and External ) External factors : Nature, Location, Size, contrast, Movement, repetition, similarity Internal factors : Learning, needs, age, Interest, Habit.

Organizing
Figure Background , Perceptual Grouping ( similarity, proximity, closure, continuity)

Response
Covert: Attitudes , Motivation, Feeling Overt: Behavior

Interpreting
Attribution ,Stereotyping, Halo Effect, Projection

Factors in the perceiver Attitudes Motives Interests Experience Expectations

Factors influencing Perception

Perception

Factors in the situation Time Work Setting Social Setting

Factors in the Target Novelty Motion Sounds Size Background Proximity Similarity

Perceptual organization
It is the process by which we group outside stimuli into recognizable and identifiable patterns and whole objects. Figure background Perceptual grouping Ambiguous figures Illusion

Figure Background-organization of the visual field into objects (figures) that stand out from their surroundings (ground)

Grouping the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups Grouping Principles proximity--group nearby figures together similarity--group figures that are similar continuity--perceive continuous patterns closure--fill in gaps connectedness--spots, lines, and areas are seen as unit when connected

Closure

Ambiguous figures exemplify the fact that sometimes the same perceptual input can lead to very different representations.

Illusions It indicate that our mind does not always accurately represent the perceptual input, this suggested that the mind was "actively" involved in interpreting the perceptual input rather than passively recording the input.

Perceptual Interpretation
Selective Perception : People selectively interpret what they see on the basis of their interests, background, experience and attitudes. Halo Effect : Drawing a general impressions about an individual on the basis of a single characteristics.

 Contrast Effect : Evaluation of a persons characteristics that are effected by comparisons with other people recently encountered who rank higher or lower on the same characteristics. Projection : Attributing one's own characteristics to other people. Stereotyping : Judging someone on the basis of ones perception of the group to which that persons belongs.

Specific Applications in Organizations:

1.) Employment Interview

2.) Performance Expectations (Self Fulfilling Prophecy) 3.) Performance Evaluation

4.) Employee Effort

THANK YOU