Lecture # 1

Module # 1 Title:Optical transmission concepts Explanation :

A renewed interest in optical communcation was stimulated in the early 1960s with the invention of laser.This device provided a powerful coherent light source,together with the possibility of modulation at high frequency.Optical signals are normally found in the electromagnetic spectrum from 5onm(Uv rregion)to 100m(far infrared region) An optical fiber communicatio system is similar in basic concept to any type of communication system.Ablock schematic diagram of optical communication system is shown in fig1.1 Information source source Electrical Transmitter e rr Destination Electrical receiver Optical detector Optical source Optical fiber cable

Fig1.1 The information provides an electrical signal to a transmitter comprising an electrical stage which drives an optical source to give modulation of the light wave either a semiconductor laser or LED.The transmission medium consists of an optical fiber cable and the receiver consists of an optical detector which drives a further electrical stage and hence provides demodulation of the optical carrier.The optical carrier may be modulated using either an analog or digital information signal.

Encoder Digital i/p

Laser drive circuit

Amplifier & equalizer Digital o/p Fig1.2

Decoder

Fig1.2 shows a block schematic of a typical digital optical fiber link.Initially the input digital signal from the information source is suitably encoded for optical transmission.The laser drive circuit directly modulates the intensity of the semiconductor laser with the encoded digital signal.Hence a digital optical signal is launched inot the optical fiber cable.The APD detector is

followed by a front-end amplifier and equalizer or filter to provide gain as well as linera signal processing and noise bandwidth reduction.Finally the signal obtained is decoded to give the original digital information

Questions:
1.With a neat diagram explain the working of optical communication system

References :
Optical FiberCommunications :Gerd keiser ,PageNo.6-15